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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Exploration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exploration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expeditions_of_1607_and_1608" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expeditions_of_1607_and_1608"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Expeditions of 1607 and 1608</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expeditions_of_1607_and_1608-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alleged_discovery_of_Jan_Mayen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_discovery_of_Jan_Mayen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Alleged discovery of Jan Mayen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_discovery_of_Jan_Mayen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedition_of_1609" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedition_of_1609"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Expedition of 1609</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedition_of_1609-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedition_of_1610–1611" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedition_of_1610–1611"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Expedition of 1610–1611</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedition_of_1610–1611-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mutiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Mutiny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disappearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disappearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Disappearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disappearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pricket's_reliability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pricket's_reliability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Pricket's reliability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pricket's_reliability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Later developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Hudson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هنري هدسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنري هدسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Hudzon" title="Henri Hudzon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Henri Hudzon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Генры Гудзон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генры Гудзон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Хенри Хъдсън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хенри Хъдсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%81%CF%85_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Χένρυ Χάντσον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χένρυ Χάντσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هنری هادسن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنری هادسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%ED%97%88%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A8" title="헨리 허드슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헨리 허드슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հենրի Հուդզոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հենրի Հուդզոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="हेनरी हडसन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेनरी हडसन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הנרי הדסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנרי הדסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰენრი ჰუდსონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰენრი ჰუდსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Генри Гудзон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Генри Гудзон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_Hudsonus" title="Henricus Hudsonus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus Hudsonus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrijs_Hadsons" title="Henrijs Hadsons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Henrijs Hadsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="हेनरी हडसन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हेनरी हडसन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хенри Хадсон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хенри Хадсон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="ഹെൻഡ്രി ഹഡ്സൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹെൻഡ്രി ഹഡ്സൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="हेन्री हडसन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेन्री हडसन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="هنرى هدسون (مستكشف من مملكه انجلترا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنرى هدسون (مستكشف من مملكه انجلترا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဟင်နရီ ဟဒ်ဆန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟင်နရီ ဟဒ်ဆန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%89%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ヘンリー・ハドソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘンリー・ハドソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudzon" title="Gudzon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gudzon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudzon" title="Gudzon – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gudzon" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Гудзон, Генри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гудзон, Генри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хенри Хадсон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хенри Хадсон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="என்றி அட்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="என்றி அட்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D2%BA%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Һенри Һудзон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һенри Һудзон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เฮนรี ฮัดสัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฮนรี ฮัดสัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Генрі Гудзон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генрі Гудзон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Henry Hudson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E9%80%8A" title="亨利·哈德逊 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亨利·哈德逊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E9%81%9C" title="亨利·哈德遜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亨利·哈德遜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179167#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Henry Hudson (disambiguation)">Henry Hudson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Henry Hudson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HenryHudson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HenryHudson.jpg/220px-HenryHudson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HenryHudson.jpg/330px-HenryHudson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HenryHudson.jpg/440px-HenryHudson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1065" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">One of many speculative portraits<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1565</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disappeared</th><td class="infobox-data">23 June 1611 (aged 45–46)<br /><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a>, North America</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Hendrick Hudson <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Sea_explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea explorer">Sea explorer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigator</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1607–1611 (as explorer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employers</th><td class="infobox-data org"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscovy_Company_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscovy Company of London">Muscovy Company of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company_of_Plymouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Company of Plymouth">Virginia Company of Plymouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>Exploration of northeastern <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></li> <li>Search for the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Passage" title="Northeast Passage">Northeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">John Hudson (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1591–1611)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry Hudson</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English <a href="/wiki/List_of_maritime_explorers" title="List of maritime explorers">sea explorer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigator</a> during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and parts of the Northeastern United States. </p><p>In 1607 and 1608, Hudson made two attempts on behalf of English merchants to find a rumoured <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Passage" title="Northeast Passage">Northeast Passage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cathay" title="Cathay">Cathay</a> via a route above the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a>. In 1609, he landed in North America on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> and explored the region around the modern <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>. Looking for a <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on his ship <i><a href="/wiki/Halve_Maen" title="Halve Maen">Halve Maen</a></i> ("Half Moon"),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he sailed up the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, which was later named after him, and thereby laid the foundation for <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">Dutch colonization of the region</a>. His contributions to the exploration of the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> were significant and lasting. His voyages helped to establish European contact with the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">native peoples of North America</a> and contributed to the development of trade and commerce. </p><p>On his final expedition, while still searching for the Northwest Passage, Hudson became the first European to see <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Strait" title="Hudson Strait">Hudson Strait</a> and the immense <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1611, after wintering on the shore of <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a>, Hudson wanted to press on to the west, but most of his crew mutinied. The mutineers cast Hudson, his son, and six others adrift; what then happened to the Hudsons and their companions is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Virtually nothing of Hudson's early life is known for certain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His year of birth is variously estimated between 1560 and 1570.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMancall200943_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMancall200943-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brittania_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brittania-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButts200915_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButts200915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may have been born in London and it is possible that his father was an <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">alderman</a> of that city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMancall200943–44_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMancall200943–44-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Hudson first entered the historical record in 1607, he was already an experienced mariner with sufficient credentials to be commissioned the leader of an expedition charged with a search for a trade route across the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMancall200943–44_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMancall200943–44-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expeditions_of_1607_and_1608">Expeditions of 1607 and 1608</h3></div> <p>In 1607, the <a href="/wiki/Muscovy_Company" title="Muscovy Company">Muscovy Company</a> of England hired Hudson to find a northerly route to the Pacific coast of Asia. At the time, the English were engaged in an economic battle with the Dutch for control of northwest routes. It was thought that, because the <a href="/wiki/Midnight_sun" title="Midnight sun">sun shone for three months</a> in the northern latitudes in the summer, the ice would melt, and a ship could make it across the "top of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 May 1607, Hudson sailed with a crew of ten men and a boy on the 80-ton <i>Hopewell</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher18601–22_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher18601–22-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConway190623–30_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConway190623–30-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reached the east coast of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> on 13 May, coasting northward until 22 May. Here the party named a headland "Young's Cape", a "very high mount, like a round castle" near it "Mount of God's Mercy" and land at 73° north latitude "<a href="/wiki/Hold_with_Hope" title="Hold with Hope">Hold with Hope</a>". After turning east, they sighted "Newland" (<a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>) on 27 May near the mouth of the great bay Hudson later simply named the "Great Indraught" (<a href="/wiki/Isfjorden_(Svalbard)" title="Isfjorden (Svalbard)">Isfjorden</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 July, Hudson and his crew estimated that they had sailed as far north as 80° 23′ N,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but had more likely only reached 79° 23′ N. The following day they entered what Hudson later in the voyage named "Whales Bay" (<a href="/wiki/Krossfjorden" title="Krossfjorden">Krossfjorden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kongsfjorden" title="Kongsfjorden">Kongsfjorden</a>), naming its northwestern point "Collins Cape" (Kapp Mitra) after his <a href="/wiki/Boatswain" title="Boatswain">boatswain</a>, William Collins. They sailed north the following two days. On 16 July, they reached as far north as Hakluyt's Headland (which <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edge" title="Thomas Edge">Thomas Edge</a> says Hudson named on this voyage) at 79° 49′ N, thinking they saw the land continue to 82° N (<a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>'s northernmost point is 80° 49′ N) when really it trended to the east. Encountering ice packed along the north coast, they were forced to turn back south. Hudson wanted to make his return "by the north of Greenland to Davis his Streights (<a href="/wiki/Davis_Strait" title="Davis Strait">Davis Strait</a>), and so for Kingdom of England", but ice conditions would have made this impossible. The expedition returned to <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury Hope</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> on 15 September. </p><p>Hudson reported large numbers of whales in Spitsbergen waters during this voyage. Many authors<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> credit his reports as the catalyst for several nations sending <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a> expeditions to the islands. This claim is contentious; others have pointed to strong evidence that it was <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Jonas Poole</a>'s reports in 1610, that led to the establishment of English whaling, and voyages of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Woodcock" title="Nicholas Woodcock">Nicholas Woodcock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willem_Cornelisz_van_Muyden" title="Willem Cornelisz van Muyden">Willem Cornelisz van Muyden</a> in 1612, which led to the establishment of Dutch, French and Spanish whaling.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurchas162524Conway190653_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurchas162524Conway190653-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">whaling industry</a> was built by neither Hudson nor Poole—both were dead by 1612. </p><p>In 1608, English merchants of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India</a> and Muscovy Companies again sent Hudson in the <i>Hopewell</i> to attempt to locate a passage to the Indies, this time to the east around northern Russia. Leaving London on 22 April, the ship travelled almost 2,500 mi (4,000 km), making it to <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya">Novaya Zemlya</a> well above the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a> in July, but even in the summer they found the ice impenetrable and turned back, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravesend, Kent">Gravesend</a> on 26 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter200919–20_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter200919–20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alleged_discovery_of_Jan_Mayen">Alleged discovery of Jan Mayen</h4></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edge" title="Thomas Edge">Thomas Edge</a>, "William  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] Hudson" in 1608 discovered an island he named "Hudson's Tutches" (Touches) at 71° N,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurchas162511_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurchas162511-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latitude of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a>. However, records of Hudson's voyages suggest that he could only have come across Jan Mayen in 1607 by making an illogical detour, and historians have pointed out that Hudson himself made no mention of it in his journal.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also no cartographical proof of this supposed discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacquebord2004229_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacquebord2004229-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Jonas Poole</a> in 1611 and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fotherby" title="Robert Fotherby">Robert Fotherby</a> in 1615 both had possession of Hudson's journal while searching for his elusive Hold-with-Hope—which is now believed to have been on the east coast of Greenland—but neither had any knowledge of any discovery of Jan Mayen, an achievement which was only later attributed to Hudson. Fotherby eventually stumbled across Jan Mayen, thinking it a new discovery and naming it "Sir Thomas Smith's Island",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurchas162582–89Hacquebord2004230–231_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurchas162582–89Hacquebord2004230–231-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the first verifiable records of the discovery of the island had been made a year earlier, in 1614. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedition_of_1609">Expedition of 1609</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png/220px-Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png/330px-Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png/440px-Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Hudson's voyages to North America</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1609, Hudson was chosen by merchants of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> in the Netherlands to find an easterly passage to Asia. While awaiting orders and supplies in Amsterdam, he heard rumours of a northwest route to the Pacific through North America.<sup id="cite_ref-empire_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-empire-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hudson had been told to sail through the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> north of Russia, into the Pacific and so to the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>. Hudson departed <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> on 4 April, in command of the Dutch ship <a href="/wiki/Halve_Maen" title="Halve Maen"><i>Halve Maen</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter200911_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter200911-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (English: Half Moon). He could not complete the specified (eastward) route because ice blocked the passage, as with all previous such voyages, and he turned the ship around in mid-May while somewhere east of Norway's <a href="/wiki/North_Cape_(Norway)" title="North Cape (Norway)">North Cape</a>. At that point, acting outside his instructions, Hudson pointed the ship west and decided to try to seek a westerly passage through North America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter200956–57_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter200956–57-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They reached the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland" title="Grand Banks of Newfoundland">Grand Banks of Newfoundland</a> on 2 July, and in mid-July made landfall near the <a href="/wiki/LaHave,_Nova_Scotia" title="LaHave, Nova Scotia">LaHave area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter200992–94_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter200992–94-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here they encountered <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous people</a> who were accustomed to trading with the French; they were willing to trade <a href="/wiki/Beaver#Trapping" title="Beaver">beaver pelts</a>, but apparently no trades occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter200998Juet1609entry_of_19&nbsp;July_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter200998Juet1609entry_of_19&nbsp;July-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship stayed in the area about ten days, the crew replacing a broken mast and fishing for food. On the 25 July, a dozen men from the <i>Halve Maen</i>, using muskets and small cannon, went ashore and assaulted the village near their anchorage. They drove the people from the settlement and took their boat and other property—probably pelts and trade goods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter2009102–105Juet1609entry_of_25&nbsp;July_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter2009102–105Juet1609entry_of_25&nbsp;July-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halve_Maen_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Halve_Maen_front.jpg/220px-Halve_Maen_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Halve_Maen_front.jpg/330px-Halve_Maen_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Halve_Maen_front.jpg/440px-Halve_Maen_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption>Replica of the <a href="/wiki/Halve_Maen" title="Halve Maen"><i>Halve Maen</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 4 August, the ship was at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>, from which Hudson sailed south to the entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>. Rather than entering the Chesapeake he explored the coast to the north, finding <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a> but continuing on north. On 3 September, he reached the <a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93New_Jersey_Harbor_Estuary" title="New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary">estuary</a> of the river that initially was called the "North River" or "Mauritius" and now carries his name. He was not the first European to discover the estuary, though, as it had been known since the voyage of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Verrazzano" title="Giovanni da Verrazzano">Giovanni da Verrazzano</a> in 1524. </p><p>On 6 September 1609, <a href="/wiki/John_Colman" title="John Colman">John Colman</a> of his crew was killed by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">natives</a> with an arrow to his neck.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hudson sailed into the <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a> on 11 September,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the following day encountered a group of 28 <a href="/wiki/Lenape_canoes" title="Lenape canoes">Lenape canoes</a>, buying oysters and beans from the Native Americans, and then began a journey up what is now known as the Hudson River.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJuet1609_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuet1609-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next ten days his ship ascended the river, reaching a point near Stuyvesant Landing (Old Kinderhook), and the ship's boat with five crew members ventured to the vicinity of present-day <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Old_Kinderhook_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_Kinderhook-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 September, Hudson decided to return to Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter2009235_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter2009235-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He put in at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Devon" title="Dartmouth, Devon">Dartmouth</a>, England on 7 November, and was detained by authorities who wanted access to his log. He managed to pass the log to the Dutch ambassador to England, who sent it, along with his report, to Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShorto200431_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShorto200431-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While exploring the river, Hudson had traded with several native groups, mainly obtaining furs. His voyage was used to establish Dutch claims to the region and to the <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> that prospered there when a trading post was established at Albany in 1614. <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> on <a href="/wiki/Manhattan#Manhattan_Island" title="Manhattan">Manhattan Island</a> became the capital of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> in 1625. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedition_of_1610–1611"><span id="Expedition_of_1610.E2.80.931611"></span>Expedition of 1610–1611</h3></div> <p>In 1610, Hudson obtained backing for another voyage, this time under the English flag. The funding came from the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company" title="Virginia Company">Virginia Company</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. At the helm of his new ship, the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_(1602_ship)" title="Discovery (1602 ship)"><i>Discovery</i></a>, he stayed to the north (some claim he had deliberately stayed too far south on his Dutch-funded voyage),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> reached <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> on 11 May, the south of Greenland on 4 June, and rounded the southern tip of Greenland. </p><p>On 25 June, the explorers reached what is now the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Strait" title="Hudson Strait">Hudson Strait</a> at the northern tip of <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a>. Following the southern coast of the strait on 2 August, the ship entered <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>. Excitement was very high due to the expectation that the ship had finally found the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> through the continent. Hudson spent the following months mapping and exploring its eastern shores, but he and his crew did not find a passage to Asia. In November, the ship became trapped in the ice in <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a>, and the crew moved ashore for the winter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mutiny">Mutiny</h4></div> <p>When the ice cleared in the spring of 1611, Hudson planned to use his <i>Discovery</i> to further explore Hudson Bay with the continuing goal of discovering the Passage; however, most of the members of his crew ardently desired to return home. Matters came to a head and much of the crew mutinied in June. Descriptions of the successful mutiny are one-sided, because the only survivors who could tell their story were the mutineers and those who went along with the mutiny. </p><p>In the latter class was ship's navigator, <a href="/wiki/Abacuk_Pricket" title="Abacuk Pricket">Abacuk Pricket</a>, a survivor who kept a journal that was to become one of the sources for the narrative of the mutiny. According to Pricket, the leaders of the mutiny were Henry Greene and Robert Juet.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter, a navigator, had accompanied Hudson on the 1609 expedition, and his account is said to be "the best contemporary record of the voyage".<sup id="cite_ref-norton_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norton-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pricket's narrative tells how the mutineers set Hudson, his teenage son John, and seven crewmen—men who were either sick and infirm or loyal to Hudson—adrift from the <i>Discovery</i> in a small <a href="/wiki/Shallop" title="Shallop">shallop</a>, an open boat, effectively marooning them in Hudson Bay. The Pricket journal reports that the mutineers provided the castaways with clothing, powder and shot, some pikes, an iron pot, some food, and other miscellaneous items. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disappearance">Disappearance</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg/210px-Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg/315px-Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg/420px-Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1292" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Voyage_of_Henry_Hudson" title="The Last Voyage of Henry Hudson">The Last Voyage of Henry Hudson</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(painter)" title="John Collier (painter)">John Collier</a>'s 1881 painting of Hudson, his son, and loyal crew set adrift</figcaption></figure> <p>After the mutiny, Hudson's shallop broke out oars and tried to keep pace with the <i>Discovery</i> for some time. Pricket recalled that the mutineers finally tired of the David–Goliath pursuit and unfurled additional sails aboard the <i>Discovery</i>, enabling the larger vessel to leave the tiny open boat behind. Hudson and the other seven aboard the shallop were never seen by Europeans again. Despite subsequent searches, including those conducted by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Button" title="Thomas Button">Thomas Button</a> in 1612 and by <a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Gillam" title="Zachariah Gillam">Zachariah Gillam</a> in 1668–1670, their fate is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pricket's_reliability"><span id="Pricket.27s_reliability"></span>Pricket's reliability</h4></div> <p>While Pricket's account is one of the few surviving records of the voyage, its reliability has been questioned by some historians. Pricket's journal and testimony have been severely criticized for bias, on two grounds. Firstly, prior to the mutiny the alleged leaders of the uprising, Greene and Juet, had been friends and loyal seamen of Hudson. Secondly, Greene and Juet did not survive the return voyage to England (Juet, who had been the navigator on the return journey, died of starvation a few days before the company reached Ireland<sup id="cite_ref-norton_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norton-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Pricket knew he and the other survivors of the mutiny would be tried in England for <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">piracy</a>, and it would have been in his interest, and the interest of the other survivors, to put together a narrative that would place the blame for the mutiny upon men who were no longer alive to defend themselves. </p><p>The Pricket narrative became the controlling story of the expedition's disastrous end. Only eight of the thirteen mutinous crewmen survived the return voyage to Europe. They were arrested in England, and some were put on trial, but no punishment was imposed for the mutiny. One theory holds that the survivors were considered too valuable as sources of information to execute, as they had travelled to the New World and could describe sailing routes and conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Later_developments">Later developments</h4></div> <p>In 1612, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Vignau" title="Nicolas de Vignau">Nicolas de Vignau</a> claimed he saw wreckage of an English ship on the shores of <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a>, located on the southern end of Hudson Bay—while this was discounted at the time by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a>, historians believe it may have credence.<sup id="cite_ref-heinrich_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heinrich-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British-born Canadian author <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harley_Eber" title="Dorothy Harley Eber">Dorothy Harley Eber</a> (1925–2022) collected <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> testimonies that she thought made reference to Hudson and his son after the mutiny. According to these, an old man with a long white beard and a young boy arrived in a small wooden boat. The Inuit had never seen a white person before, but they took them to an encampment and fed them. After the old man died, the Inuit tethered the boy to one of their houses so he would not run away. Despite the long time passed, the story might be given some credence after long-ignored Inuit testimonies proved reliable enough to lead to the discovery of the wrecks of the two ships in <a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a>, in the 2010s. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">Charles Francis Hall</a>, who searched for Franklin in the mid-19th century, also collected Inuit stories that he interpreted as references to the even earlier expedition of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a>, who explored the area and mined <a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Fool's gold">fool's gold</a> in 1578.<sup id="cite_ref-Roobol_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roobol-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1950s, a 150-pound (68 kg) stone near <a href="/wiki/Deep_River,_Ontario" title="Deep River, Ontario">Deep River, Ontario</a>, which is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) south of James Bay, was found to have carving on it with Hudson's initials (H. H.), the year 1612, and the word "captive".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While lettering on the stone was consistent with English maps of the 17th century, the <a href="/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Canada" title="Geological Survey of Canada">Geological Survey of Canada</a> was unable to determine when the carving was made.<sup id="cite_ref-heinrich_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heinrich-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <p>The bay visited by and named after Hudson is three times the size of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hudson_Bay_rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hudson Bay rivers">many large estuaries</a> afford access to otherwise landlocked parts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>. This allowed the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> to exploit a lucrative fur trade along its shores for more than two centuries, growing powerful enough to influence the history and present international boundaries of western North America.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with Hudson Bay and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Strait" title="Hudson Strait">Hudson Strait</a> in Canada, many other topographical features and landmarks are named for Hudson. The <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> in New York and New Jersey is named after him, as are <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County, New Jersey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Bridge" title="Henry Hudson Bridge">Henry Hudson Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Parkway" title="Henry Hudson Parkway">Henry Hudson Parkway</a>, and the city of <a href="/wiki/Hudson,_New_York" title="Hudson, New York">Hudson, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_disappeared_mysteriously:_pre-1970" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people who disappeared mysteriously: pre-1970">List of people who disappeared before 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_disappeared_mysteriously_at_sea" title="List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea">List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All known portraits used to represent Henry Hudson were drawn after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButts200917_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButts200917-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Observations made during this voyage were often wrong, sometimes greatly so. See Conway 1906.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandler 2008, p. 407; Umbreit 2005, p. 1; <a href="#CITEREFShorto2004">Shorto 2004</a>, p. 21; Mulvaney 2001, p. 38; Davis et al. 1997, p. 31; Francis 1990, p. 30; Rudmose-Brown 1920, p. 312; Chisholm 1911, p. 942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The above relation by Thomas Edge is obviously incorrect. Hudson's Christian name is wrongly given, and the year in which he visited the north coast of Spitsbergen was 1607, not 1608. Moreover, Hudson himself has given an account of the voyage and makes absolutely no mention of Hudson's Tutches. It would have been hardly possible indeed for him to visit Jan Mayen on his way home from Bear Island to the Thames." Wordie 1922, p. 182.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButts200917-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButts200917_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButts2009">Butts 2009</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHunter2007" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, D. (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsmerciesrival0000hunt"><i>God's Mercies: rivalry, betrayal and the dream of discovery</i></a></span>. Toronto: Doubleday. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsmerciesrival0000hunt/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385660587" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385660587"><bdi>978-0385660587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Mercies%3A+rivalry%2C+betrayal+and+the+dream+of+discovery&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0385660587&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodsmerciesrival0000hunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Laet1625" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Laet, J. (1625). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nieuvvewereldtof00laetrich"><i>Nieuvve wereldt, ofte, Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien</i></a> (in Dutch). Leyden: Elzevier. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nieuvvewereldtof00laetrich/page/83">83</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65327738">65327738</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nieuvve+wereldt%2C+ofte%2C+Beschrijvinghe+van+West-Indien&rft.place=Leyden&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Elzevier&rft.date=1625&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65327738&rft.aulast=De+Laet&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnieuvvewereldtof00laetrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/hudson-river/half-moon">"Half Moon :: New Netherland Institute"</a>. <i>www.newnetherlandinstitute.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newnetherlandinstitute.org&rft.atitle=Half+Moon+%3A%3A+New+Netherland+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newnetherlandinstitute.org%2Fhistory-and-heritage%2Fdigital-exhibitions%2Fa-tour-of-new-netherland%2Fhudson-river%2Fhalf-moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRink1986" class="citation book cs1">Rink, O. A. (1986). <i>Holland on the Hudson: an economic and social history of Dutch New York</i>. Ithaca: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801418662" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801418662"><bdi>978-0801418662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holland+on+the+Hudson%3A+an+economic+and+social+history+of+Dutch+New+York&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0801418662&rft.aulast=Rink&rft.aufirst=O.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/hudson_henry_1E.html">"Biography – Hudson, Henry – Volume I (1000–1700) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"</a>. <i>www.biographi.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+Hudson%2C+Henry+%E2%80%93+Volume+I+%281000%E2%80%931700%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fhudson_henry_1E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowgego2003_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHowgego2003">Howgego 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pennington-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pennington_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennington1979" class="citation book cs1">Pennington, P. (1979). <i>The Great Explorers</i>. New York: Facts on File. p. 90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Explorers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMancall200943-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMancall200943_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMancall2009">Mancall 2009</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brittania-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brittania_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/274681/Henry-Hudson">Henry Hudson's entry in <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButts200915-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButts200915_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButts2009">Butts 2009</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMancall200943–44-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMancall200943–44_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMancall200943–44_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMancall2009">Mancall 2009</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher18601–22-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsher18601–22_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAsher1860">Asher 1860</a>, pp. 1–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConway190623–30-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConway190623–30_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConway1906">Conway 1906</a>, pp. 23–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurchas162524Conway190653-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurchas162524Conway190653_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPurchas1625">Purchas 1625</a>, p. 24; <a href="#CITEREFConway1906">Conway 1906</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter200919–20-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter200919–20_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHunter2009">Hunter 2009</a>, pp. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurchas162511-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurchas162511_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPurchas1625">Purchas 1625</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacquebord2004229-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacquebord2004229_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHacquebord2004">Hacquebord 2004</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurchas162582–89Hacquebord2004230–231-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurchas162582–89Hacquebord2004230–231_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPurchas1625">Purchas 1625</a>, pp. 82–89; <a href="#CITEREFHacquebord2004">Hacquebord 2004</a>, pp. 230–231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-empire-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-empire_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/empireofthebay/profiles/hudson.html">"Empire of the Bay: Henry Hudson"</a>. <i>www.pbs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2004). "The Jan Mayen Whaling Industry". <i>Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus</i>. By Skreslet, S. Dordrecht: <a href="/wiki/Kluwer_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluwer Academic">Kluwer Academic</a>. pp. 229–238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1402029554" title="Special:BookSources/978-1402029554"><bdi>978-1402029554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Jan+Mayen+Whaling+Industry&rft.btitle=Jan+Mayen+Island+in+Scientific+Focus&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=229-238&rft.pub=Kluwer+Academic&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1402029554&rft.aulast=Hacquebord&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowgego2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Howgego, Raymond John, ed. (2003). "Hudson, Henry". <i>Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800</i>. Hordern House. pp. 523–525. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1875567364" title="Special:BookSources/1875567364"><bdi>1875567364</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hudson%2C+Henry&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Exploration+to+1800&rft.pages=523-525&rft.pub=Hordern+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1875567364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2009" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, D. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/halfmoonhenryhud00hunt"><i>Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the voyage that redrew the map of the New World</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Press">Bloomsbury Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1596916807" title="Special:BookSources/978-1596916807"><bdi>978-1596916807</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Half+Moon%3A+Henry+Hudson+and+the+voyage+that+redrew+the+map+of+the+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1596916807&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhalfmoonhenryhud00hunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuet1609" class="citation book cs1">Juet, Robert (1609). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628030233/http://www.halfmoon.mus.ny.us/Juets-modified.pdf"><i>Juet's Journal of Hudson's 1609 Voyage</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. From the 1625 edition of Purchas His Pilgrimes; transcribed 2006 by Brea Barthel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halfmoon.mus.ny.us/Juets-modified.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juet%27s+Journal+of+Hudson%27s+1609+Voyage&rft.date=1609&rft.aulast=Juet&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.halfmoon.mus.ny.us%2FJuets-modified.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancall2009" class="citation book cs1">Mancall, Peter (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fataljourneyfina0000manc"><i>Fatal Journey: The Final Expedition of Henry Hudson, A Tale of Mutiny and Murder in the Arctic</i></a></span>. New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fataljourneyfina0000manc/page/303">303</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0465005116" title="Special:BookSources/978-0465005116"><bdi>978-0465005116</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatal+Journey%3A+The+Final+Expedition+of+Henry+Hudson%2C+A+Tale+of+Mutiny+and+Murder+in+the+Arctic&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0465005116&rft.aulast=Mancall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffataljourneyfina0000manc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurchas1625" class="citation book cs1">Purchas, S. (1625). <i>Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes: Contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen and others</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hakluytus+Posthumus+or+Purchas+His+Pilgrimes%3A+Contayning+a+History+of+the+World+in+Sea+Voyages+and+Lande+Travells+by+Englishmen+and+others&rft.date=1625&rft.aulast=Purchas&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span> Volumes XIII and XIV (Reprint 1906 J. Maclehose and sons).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandler2007" class="citation book cs1">Sandler, C. (2007). <i>Henry Hudson: Dreams and Obsession</i>. New York: Kensington Publishing Corp. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hudson%3A+Dreams+and+Obsession&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Kensington+Publishing+Corp.&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorto2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Shorto" title="Russell Shorto">Shorto, R.</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islandatcenterof00shor"><i>The Island at the Center of the World: the epic story of Dutch Manhattan</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385503495" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385503495"><bdi>978-0385503495</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+at+the+Center+of+the+World%3A+the+epic+story+of+Dutch+Manhattan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0385503495&rft.aulast=Shorto&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislandatcenterof00shor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wordie, J.M. (1922). "Jan Mayen Island", <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. Vol 59 (3).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henry_Hudson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Henry Hudson"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Henry_Hudson">"Henry Hudson" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XII (9th ed.). 1881. pp. 332–333.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Henry+Hudson&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=332-333&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hudson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:henry_hudson_(d._1611)">Works about Henry Hudson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Hudson%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Henry%20Hudson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hudson%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Henry%20Hudson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hudson%2C%20H%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Henry%20Hudson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hudson%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Henry%20Hudson%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Henry Hudson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marmaduke" title="Thomas Marmaduke">Marmaduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Carolus" title="Joris Carolus">Carolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">North magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Israel_Hayes" title="Isaac Israel Hayes">Hayes</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polaris_expedition" title="Polaris expedition"><i>Polaris</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Polaris_(1871)" title="USS Polaris (1871)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">C. F. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bessels" title="Emil Bessels">Bessels</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Alert_(1856)" title="HMS Alert (1856)">HMS <i>Alert</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1874)" title="HMS Discovery (1874)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick_Stephenson" title="Henry Frederick Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hastings_Markham" title="Albert Hastings Markham">Markham</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lady_Franklin_Bay_Expedition" title="Lady Franklin Bay Expedition">Lady Franklin Bay Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Lockwood" title="James B. Lockwood">Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Brainard" title="David L. Brainard">Brainard</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Johansen" title="Hjalmar Johansen">Johansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Amedeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e%27s_Arctic_balloon_expedition" title="Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition">Andrée's balloon expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_August_Andr%C3%A9e" title="Salomon August Andrée">S. A. Andrée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">F. Cook</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/SS_Roosevelt_(1905)" title="SS Roosevelt (1905)">SS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henson" title="Matthew Henson">Henson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norge_(airship)" title="Norge (airship)"><i>Norge</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Nobile" title="Umberto Nobile">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen" title="Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen">Riiser-Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ellsworth" title="Lincoln Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italia_(airship)" title="Italia (airship)"><i>Italia</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_O-12_(SS-73)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS O-12 (SS-73)"><i><b>Nautilus</b></i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wilkins" title="Hubert Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Chkalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Baydukov" title="Georgy Baydukov">Baydukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasilyevich_Belyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov">Belyakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drifting_ice_station" title="Drifting ice station">Drifting ice stations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-1" title="North Pole-1">NP-1</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Papanin" title="Ivan Papanin">Papanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Shirshov" title="Pyotr Shirshov">Shirshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Fyodorov_(scientist)" title="Yevgeny Fyodorov (scientist)">E. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel" title="Ernst Krenkel">Krenkel</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-36" title="North Pole-36">NP-36</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-37" title="North Pole-37">NP-37</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgiy_Sedov_(1908_icebreaker)" title="Georgiy Sedov (1908 icebreaker)"><i>Georgiy Sedov</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Badygin" title="Konstantin Badygin">Badygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Skate_(SSN-578)" title="USS Skate (SSN-578)">USS <i>Skate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Plaisted" title="Ralph Plaisted">Plaisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Herbert" title="Wally Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_(1972_icebreaker)" title="Arktika (1972 icebreaker)">NS <i>Arktika</i></a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barneo" title="Barneo">Barneo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_2007" title="Arktika 2007">Arktika 2007</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i> submersibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Sagalevich" title="Anatoly Sagalevich">Sagalevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Chilingarov" title="Artur Chilingarov">Chilingarov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator" title="Brendan the Navigator">Brendan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Papar" title="Papar">Papar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Vikings</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddodd" title="Naddodd">Naddodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnbj%C3%B6rn_Ulfsson" title="Gunnbjörn Ulfsson">Gunnbjörn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6bj%C3%B6rn_galti" title="Snæbjörn galti">Snæbjörn galti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">Christian IV's expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(explorer)" title="James Hall (explorer)">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_(explorer)" title="John Cunningham (explorer)">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godske_Lindenov" title="Godske Lindenov">Lindenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Richardson" title="Carsten Richardson">C. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish colonization</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Egede</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby" title="William Scoresby">Scoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">G. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">M. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(explorer)" title="John Davis (explorer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(1602_ship)" title="Discovery (1602 ship)"><i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bylot" title="Robert Bylot">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baffin" title="William Baffin">Baffin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Munk" title="Jens Munk">Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(navigator)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)">I. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1774)" title="HMS Discovery (1774)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clerke" title="Charles Clerke">Clerke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Lyon" title="George Francis Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Fury_(1814)" title="HMS Fury (1814)">HMS <i>Fury</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkyns_Hoppner" title="Henry Parkyns Hoppner">Hoppner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coppermine_expedition" title="Coppermine expedition">Coppermine expedition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Back" title="George Back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Warren_Dease" title="Peter Warren Dease">Dease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_(explorer)" title="Thomas Simpson (explorer)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blossom_(1806)" title="HMS Blossom (1806)">HMS <i>Blossom</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Beechey</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Collinson" title="Richard Collinson">Collinson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rae%E2%80%93Richardson_Arctic_expedition" title="Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition">Rae–Richardson expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rae_(explorer)" title="John Rae (explorer)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">J. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Thomas_Austin" title="Horatio Thomas Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/McClure_Arctic_expedition" title="McClure Arctic expedition">McClure expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1848)" title="HMS Investigator (1848)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClure" title="Robert McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolute_(1850)" title="HMS Resolute (1850)">HMS <i>Resolute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kellett" title="Henry Kellett">Kellett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Belcher" title="Edward Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(explorer)" title="William Kennedy (explorer)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ren%C3%A9_Bellot" title="Joseph René Bellot">Bellot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_(1850_ship)" title="Isabel (1850 ship)"><i>Isabel</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield" title="Edward Augustus Inglefield">Inglefield</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Grinnell_expedition" title="Second Grinnell expedition">2nd Grinnell expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Advance_(1847)" title="USS Advance (1847)">USS <i>Advance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(ship)" title="Fox (ship)"><i>Fox</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_McClintock" title="Leopold McClintock">McClintock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">HMS <i>Pandora</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8a" title="Gjøa">Gjøa</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">Karluk</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhjalmur_Stefansson" title="Vilhjalmur Stefansson">Stefansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(explorer)" title="Robert Bartlett (explorer)">Bartlett</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Roch_(ship)" title="St. Roch (ship)"><i>St. Roch</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Larsen_(explorer)" title="Henry Larsen (explorer)">H. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott_Cowper" title="David Scott Cowper">Cowper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">North East Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Russian Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Willoughby" title="Hugh Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chancellor" title="Richard Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mangazeya" title="Mangazeya">Mangazeya</a></b></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian Cossacks</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Perfilyev" title="Ilya Perfilyev">Perfilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Stadukhin" title="Mikhail Stadukhin">Stadukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Dezhnev" title="Semyon Dezhnev">Dezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedot_Alekseyevich_Popov" title="Fedot Alekseyevich Popov">Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbat_Ivanov" title="Kurbat Ivanov">Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkury_Vagin" title="Merkury Vagin">Vagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Permyakov" title="Yakov Permyakov">Permyakov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Bering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chirikov" title="Aleksei Chirikov">Chirikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Malygin" title="Stepan Malygin">Malygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ovtsyn" title="Dmitry Ovtsyn">Ovtsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Minin" title="Fyodor Minin">Minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronchishchev" title="Vasili Pronchishchev">V. Pronchishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pronchishcheva" title="Maria Pronchishcheva">M. Pronchishcheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Chelyuskin" title="Semyon Chelyuskin">Chelyuskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Kh. Laptev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">D. Laptev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chichagov" title="Vasily Chichagov">Chichagov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lyakhov" title="Ivan Lyakhov">Lyakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Billings" title="Joseph Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sannikov" title="Yakov Sannikov">Sannikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Gedenshtrom" title="Matvei Gedenshtrom">Gedenshtrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matyushkin" title="Fyodor Matyushkin">Matyushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Anjou" title="Pyotr Anjou">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Benjamin_von_L%C3%BCtke" title="Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke">Litke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lavrov" title="Mikhail Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pakhtusov" title="Pyotr Pakhtusov">Pakhtusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgust_Tsivolko" title="Avgust Tsivolko">Tsivolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">Middendorff</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" title="Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition">Austro-Hungarian Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht" title="Karl Weyprecht">Weyprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Payer</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vega_Expedition" title="Vega Expedition"><i>Vega</i> Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">A. E. Nordenskiöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Palander" title="Louis Palander">Palander</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">De Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">Melville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yermak_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Yermak (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Yermak</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Makarov" title="Stepan Makarov">Makarov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(polar_ship)" title="Zarya (polar ship)"><i>Zarya</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Toll" title="Eduard von Toll">Toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kolomeitsev" title="Nikolai Kolomeitsev">Kolomeitsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matisen" title="Fyodor Matisen">Matisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Kolchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rusanov_expedition" title="Rusanov expedition">Rusanov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Rusanov" title="Vladimir Rusanov">Rusanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kuchin" title="Alexander Kuchin">Kuchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_expedition" title="Brusilov expedition">Brusilov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Svyataya_Anna" title="Svyataya Anna">Sv. Anna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Brusilov" title="Georgy Brusilov">Brusilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Albanov" title="Valerian Albanov">Albanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Konrad" title="Alexander Konrad">Konrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nag%C3%B3rski" title="Jan Nagórski">Nagórski</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Taymyr</i></a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Vaygach (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Vaygach</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vilkitsky" title="Boris Vilkitsky">Vilkitsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maud_(ship)" title="Maud (ship)"><i>Maud</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arctic_and_Antarctic_Research_Institute" title="Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute">AARI</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Samoylovich" title="Rudolf Samoylovich">Samoylovich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Begichev" title="Nikifor Begichev">Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Urvantsev" title="Nikolay Urvantsev">Urvantsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadko_(1913_icebreaker)" title="Sadko (1913 icebreaker)"><i>Sadko</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Ushakov" title="Georgy Ushakov">Ushakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route" title="Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route">Glavsevmorput</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schmidt" title="Otto Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aviaarktika" title="Aviaarktika">Aviaarktika</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shevelev" title="Mark Shevelev">Shevelev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sibiryakov_(icebreaker)" title="A. Sibiryakov (icebreaker)"><i>A. Sibiryakov</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voronin_(captain)" title="Vladimir Voronin (captain)">Voronin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chelyuskin" title="SS Chelyuskin"><i>Chelyuskin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krassin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Krassin (1916 icebreaker)"><i>Krassin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Gakkel" title="Yakov Gakkel">Gakkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_icebreaker" title="Nuclear-powered icebreaker">Nuclear-powered icebreakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1957_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1957 icebreaker)"><i>Lenin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktika-class_icebreaker" title="Arktika-class icebreaker"><i>Arktika</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic exploration">Antarctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Continent_*_History_*_Expeditions"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antarctica" title="History of Antarctica">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions" title="List of Antarctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_la_Roch%C3%A9" title="Anthony de la Roché">Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier" title="Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier">Bouvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Joseph_de_Kerguelen-Tr%C3%A9marec" title="Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Telmo_(Spanish_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Telmo (Spanish ship)"><i>San Telmo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(sloop-of-war)" title="Vostok (sloop-of-war)"><i>Vostok</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Bellingshausen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirny_(sloop-of-war)" title="Mirny (sloop-of-war)"><i>Mirny</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lazarev" title="Mikhail Lazarev">Lazarev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bransfield" title="Edward Bransfield">Bransfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Palmer" title="Nathaniel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(sealer)" title="John Davis (sealer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Morrell" title="Benjamin Morrell">Morrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1811)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1811)"><i>Astrolabe</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Dumont d'Urville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition" title="United States Exploring Expedition">United States Exploring Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(1826)" title="USS Vincennes (1826)">USS <i>Vincennes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkes" title="Charles Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Porpoise_(1836)" title="USS Porpoise (1836)">USS <i>Porpoise</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Ringgold" title="Cadwalader Ringgold">Ringgold</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercator_Cooper" title="Mercator Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Challenger_expedition" title="Challenger expedition">Challenger expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(1858)" title="HMS Challenger (1858)">HMS <i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanographer)" title="John Murray (oceanographer)">Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">"</span><a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration" title="Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration">Heroic Age</a><span class="nobold">"</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RV_Belgica_(1884)" title="RV Belgica (1884)"><i>Belgica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lecointe_(explorer)" title="Georges Lecointe (explorer)">Lecointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski" title="Henryk Arctowski">Arctowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski" title="Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski">Dobrowolski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)" title="SS Southern Cross (1886)"><i>Southern Cross</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Hut" title="Discovery Hut">Discovery Hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gauss_expedition" title="Gauss expedition">Gauss</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(ship)" title="Gauss (ship)">Gauss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Drygalski" title="Erich von Drygalski">Drygalski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_(ship)" title="Antarctic (ship)"><i>Antarctic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld" title="Otto Nordenskjöld">O. Nordenskjöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Scottish National Antarctic Expedition">Scottish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Speirs_Bruce" title="William Speirs Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_(barque)" title="Scotia (barque)"><i>Scotia</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orcadas_Base" title="Orcadas Base">Orcadas Base</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(1867_ship)" title="Nimrod (1867 ship)">Nimrod</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Antarctic_Expedition" title="French Antarctic Expedition">French Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pourquoi-Pas_(1908)" title="Pourquoi-Pas (1908)"><i>Pourquoi-Pas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot" title="Jean-Baptiste Charcot">Charcot</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Japanese Antarctic Expedition">Japanese Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobu_Shirase" title="Nobu Shirase">Shirase</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Framheim" title="Framheim">Framheim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)"><i>Terra Nova</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Evans,_1st_Baron_Mountevans" title="Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans">E. R. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Crean_(explorer)" title="Tom Crean (explorer)">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lashly" title="William Lashly">Lashly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Filchner" title="Wilhelm Filchner">Filchner</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Australasian Antarctic Expedition">Australasian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SY_Aurora" title="SY Aurora">SY <i>Aurora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Party" title="Far Eastern Party">Far Eastern Party</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)"><i>Endurance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_the_James_Caird" title="Voyage of the James Caird"><i>James Caird</i></a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea_party" title="Ross Sea party">Ross Sea party</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackintosh" title="Aeneas Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shackleton%E2%80%93Rowett_Expedition" title="Shackleton–Rowett Expedition">Shackleton–Rowett Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(ship)" title="Quest (ship)"><i>Quest</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Year" title="International Polar Year">IPY</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">IGY</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">Modern research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition">BANZARE</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Graham_Land_expedition" title="British Graham Land expedition">BGLE</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rymill" title="John Rymill">Rymill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ritscher" title="Alfred Ritscher">Ritscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tabarin" title="Operation Tabarin">Operation Tabarin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Marr_(biologist)" title="James Marr (biologist)">Marr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Highjump" title="Operation Highjump">Operation Highjump</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Arturo_Prat_Base" title="Captain Arturo Prat Base">Captain Arturo Prat Base</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windmill" title="Operation Windmill">Operation Windmill</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ketchum" title="Gerald Ketchum">Ketchum</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronne_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition">Ronne Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finn_Ronne" title="Finn Ronne">F. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">E. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Schlossbach" title="Isaac Schlossbach">Schlossbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze" title="Operation Deep Freeze">Operation Deep Freeze</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Soviet Antarctic Expedition">Soviet Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition">1st</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Somov" title="Mikhail Somov">Somov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Klenova" title="Maria Klenova">Klenova</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirny_Station" title="Mirny Station">Mirny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">2nd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Tryoshnikov" title="Alexey Tryoshnikov">Tryoshnikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">3rd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Transglobe_Expedition" title="Transglobe Expedition">Transglobe Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Fiennes" title="Ranulph Fiennes">Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Burton" title="Charles R. Burton">Burton</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kapitsa" title="Andrey Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_South" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barne" title="Michael Barne">Barne</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Marshall" title="Eric Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Adams" title="Jameson Adams">Adams</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">South magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_David" title="Edgeworth David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Mackay" title="Alistair Mackay">Mackay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Bjaaland" title="Olav Bjaaland">Bjaaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmer_Hanssen" title="Helmer Hanssen">Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Hassel" title="Sverre Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Evans" title="Edgar Evans">E. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Oates" title="Lawrence Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Cherry-Garrard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernt_Balchen" title="Bernt Balchen">Balchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Chadbourne_McKinley" title="Ashley Chadbourne McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Dufek" title="George J. Dufek">Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott_South_Pole_Station" title="Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station">Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Cold" title="Pole of Cold">Pole of Cold</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_Station" title="Vostok Station">Vostok Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_inaccessibility" title="Pole of inaccessibility">Pole of inaccessibility</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Inaccessibility_research_station" title="Pole of Inaccessibility research station">Pole of Inaccessibility research station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_P._Crary" title="Albert P. Crary">Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arved_Fuchs" title="Arved Fuchs">A. Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179167#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179167#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179167#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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