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As the scope of the ETHW includes the history of technology and its related fields, encyclopedic articles can widely vary in content. The articles can deal with biographies of individuals, histories of engineering societies, histories of certain technologies and the organizations which developed them. The ETHW aims to collect all material within its scope regardless of notability, so do not feel discouraged from contributing if you have detailed knowledge about a very specific subject or individual. The only criteria beyond fitting within engineering and its related fields of interest are that the article must be historic in nature, either by presenting a history of some subject, or the subject in question being 25 years older or more. </p><p>Have an article you'd like to submit? <a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Create" title="Create">Add a page to the ETHW here</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="STARS_articles">STARS articles</span></h2> <p>STARS articles are signed, peer-reviewed articles on the history of major developments in electrical and computer sciences and technologies. They are written for a general audience with a level of accuracy and insight that satisfies knowledgeable professionals. Below are the current STARS articles: </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Underwater_Cables" title="Underwater Cables">Cables, Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Electronic_Calculators:_Desktop_to_Pocket" title="Electronic Calculators: Desktop to Pocket">Calculators, Electronic: Desktop to Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Inventing_the_Computer" title="Inventing the Computer">Computer, Inventing the</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Early_Popular_Computers,_1950_-_1970" title="Early Popular Computers, 1950 - 1970">Computers, Early Popular 1950-1970</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Differential_Analyzers" title="Differential Analyzers">Differential Analyzers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Fax_Machines" title="Fax Machines">Fax Machines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/IBM_System/360" title="IBM System/360">IBM System/360</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Creating_Magnetic_Disk_Storage_at_IBM" title="Creating Magnetic Disk Storage at IBM">Magnetic Disk Storage at IBM, Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Maxwell%27s_Equations" title="Maxwell's Equations">Maxwell's Equations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Scanning_Probe_Microscopy" title="Scanning Probe Microscopy">Microscopy, Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Rise_and_Fall_of_Minicomputers" title="Rise and Fall of Minicomputers">Minicomputer, Rise and Fall of</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Motion_Pictures" title="Motion Pictures">Motion Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Pacemakers" title="Pacemakers">Pacemakers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Early_Punched_Card_Equipment,_1880_-_1951" title="Early Punched Card Equipment, 1880 - 1951">Punched Card Equipment, Early</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Software_Industry" title="Software Industry">Software Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Electromechanical_Telephone-Switching" title="Electromechanical Telephone-Switching">Telephone-Switching, Electromechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Telephone_Transmission" title="Telephone Transmission">Telephone Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Telephones" title="Telephones">Telephones</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Word_Processing_for_the_Japanese_Language" title="Word Processing for the Japanese Language">Word Processing for the Japanese Language</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Suggested_articles">Suggested articles</span></h2> <p>Looking for ideas on how to contribute? The ETHW currently has no or stub pages pages on the following subjects and needs your help to improve them. <a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">Log in with your ETHW account</a> and click on any topic below to start to edit! </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bell_Labs_Alumni">Bell Labs Alumni</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Black&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Black (page does not exist)">Harold Black</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Jansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Jansky (page does not exist)">Karl Jansky</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=George_R._Stibitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George R. Stibitz (page does not exist)">George R. Stibitz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Morton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Morton (page does not exist)">Jack Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hamming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Hamming (page does not exist)">Richard Hamming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Morris_Tanenbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morris Tanenbaum (page does not exist)">Morris Tanenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Rabiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Rabiner (page does not exist)">Lawrence Rabiner</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bioengineering">Bioengineering</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=U._A._Whitaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U. A. Whitaker (page does not exist)">U. A. Whitaker</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Circuits_and_Components">Circuits and Components</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/VHS_Standard" title="VHS Standard">VHS Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=De_Forest_Files_Audion_Patent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Forest Files Audion Patent (page does not exist)">De Forest Files Audion Patent</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Computers_and_information_science">Computers and information science</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Shmuel_Winograd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shmuel Winograd (page does not exist)">Shmuel Winograd</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Bennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Bennett (page does not exist)">Charles H. Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph_E._Gomory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph E. Gomory (page does not exist)">Ralph E. Gomory</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Electromagnetic_and_electrochemical_devices_and_theory">Electromagnetic and electrochemical devices and theory</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=William_Robert_Grove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Robert Grove (page does not exist)">William Robert Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=John_Frederic_Daniell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frederic Daniell (page does not exist)">John Frederic Daniell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Oliver_B._Shallenberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliver B. Shallenberger (page does not exist)">Oliver B. Shallenberger</a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Magnetic_Recording" title="Magnetic Recording">Magnetic Recording</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Lightning_Rod" title="Lightning Rod">Lightning Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Gardiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Gardiner (page does not exist)">Samuel Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Aron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Aron (page does not exist)">Hermann Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Georg_Simon_Ohm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Simon Ohm (page does not exist)">Georg Simon Ohm</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lighting_and_Lasers">Lighting and Lasers</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Julius_Molnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Molnar (page does not exist)">Julius Molnar</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Nuclear_Science">Nuclear Science</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie_Groves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leslie Groves (page does not exist)">Leslie Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Hahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Hahn (page does not exist)">Otto Hahn</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Oceanic_Engineering">Oceanic Engineering</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Wayne_Burt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayne Burt (page does not exist)">Wayne Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Werner_Kroebel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Kroebel (page does not exist)">Werner Kroebel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Submerged_vacuum_tubes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submerged vacuum tubes (page does not exist)">Submerged vacuum tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Howard_A._Wilcox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard A. Wilcox (page does not exist)">Howard A. Wilcox</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Organizations">Organizations</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Xerox_Palo_Alto_Research_Center_(PARC)" title="Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)">Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Power_Engineering">Power Engineering</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A9nobe-Th%C3%A9ophile_Gramme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z茅nobe-Th茅ophile Gramme (page does not exist)">Z茅nobe-Th茅ophile Gramme</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hibberd_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Hibberd Johnson (page does not exist)">Edward Hibberd Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Wanda_K._Reder" title="Wanda K. Reder">Wanda K. Reder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Edward_Foelker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Edward Foelker (page does not exist)">Henry Edward Foelker</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Publications">Publications</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_Engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrical Engineering (page does not exist)">Electrical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrical World (page does not exist)">Electrical World</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=AIEE_Transactions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AIEE Transactions (page does not exist)">AIEE Transactions</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Radio_.2F_Radar">Radio / Radar</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Traveling_Wave_Tube" title="Traveling Wave Tube">Traveling Wave Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Watson-Watt_Proposes_Radar" title="Watson-Watt Proposes Radar">Watson-Watt Proposes Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Yagi_Antenna" title="Yagi Antenna">Yagi Antenna</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Signals">Signals</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Shannon_Publishes_on_Communication_Theory" title="Shannon Publishes on Communication Theory">Shannon Publishes on Communication Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Cyril_M._Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyril M. Harris (page does not exist)">Cyril M. Harris</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Long_Distance_Telegraphy" title="Long Distance Telegraphy">Long Distance Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Cooke_and_Wheatstone%27s_Electric_Telegraph" title="Cooke and Wheatstone's Electric Telegraph">Cooke and Wheatstone's Electric Telegraph</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Telephony">Telephony</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Bourseul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Bourseul (page does not exist)">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Amos_Dolbear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Dolbear (page does not exist)">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tivadar Pusk谩s (page does not exist)">Tivadar Pusk谩s</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Phillip_Reis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Phillip Reis (page does not exist)">Johann Phillip Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Bell_Files_Telephone_Patent" title="Bell Files Telephone Patent">Bell Files Telephone Patent</a> </li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transportation_.2F_Aerospace">Transportation / Aerospace</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Electrified_Subway" title="Electrified Subway">Electrified Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Kurt_Stehling" title="Kurt Stehling">Kurt Stehling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (page does not exist)">Konstantin Tsiolkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Oberth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Oberth (page does not exist)">Hermann Oberth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/Sputnik" title="Sputnik">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Space/planetary_Probes_(Explorer,_Luna,_Venera,_Mariner)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space/planetary Probes (Explorer, Luna, Venera, Mariner) (page does not exist)">Space/planetary Probes (Explorer, Luna, Venera, Mariner)</a></li></ul>    </div><div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702221809/http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia&oldid=156267">http://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia&oldid=156267</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div>  <div class="visualClear"></div> </div><div class="row"><div class="hidden-sm col-md-3"> <div class="toc"><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#STARS_articles"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">STARS articles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Suggested_articles"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Suggested articles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Bell_Labs_Alumni"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bell Labs Alumni</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Bioengineering"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bioengineering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Circuits_and_Components"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Circuits and Components</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Computers_and_information_science"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Computers and information science</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Electromagnetic_and_electrochemical_devices_and_theory"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Electromagnetic and electrochemical devices and theory</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Lighting_and_Lasers"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Lighting and Lasers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Nuclear_Science"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Nuclear Science</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Oceanic_Engineering"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Oceanic Engineering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Organizations"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Organizations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Power_Engineering"><span class="tocnumber">2.10</span> <span class="toctext">Power Engineering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Publications"><span class="tocnumber">2.11</span> <span class="toctext">Publications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Radio_.2F_Radar"><span class="tocnumber">2.12</span> <span class="toctext">Radio / Radar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Signals"><span class="tocnumber">2.13</span> <span class="toctext">Signals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Telegraphy"><span class="tocnumber">2.14</span> <span class="toctext">Telegraphy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Telephony"><span class="tocnumber">2.15</span> <span class="toctext">Telephony</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Transportation_.2F_Aerospace"><span class="tocnumber">2.16</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation / Aerospace</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <footer id="main-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container"> <div id="f-poweredbyico"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20180702221809/http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/web/20180702221809im_/http://ethw.org/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/web/20180702221809im_/http://ethw.org/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /web/20180702221809im_/http://ethw.org/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31"/></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702221809/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki"><img src="/web/20180702221809im_/http://ethw.org/w/extensions/SemanticMediaWiki/res/images/smw_button.png" alt="Powered by Semantic MediaWiki" width="88" height="31"/></a> </div> <ul id="f-links"> <li id="lastmod"> This page was last modified on 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