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Beschikbaar in 40 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="بابوية القيصر – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بابوية القيصر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesaropapismu" title="Cesaropapismu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cesaropapismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sezaropapizm" title="Sezaropapizm – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sezaropapizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Цэзарапапізм – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэзарапапізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Цезаропапизъм – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цезаропапизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesaropapisme" title="Cesaropapisme – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cesaropapisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesaropapismo" title="Sesaropapismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sesaropapismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesaropapismus" title="Caesaropapismus – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Caesaropapismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A6sareopapisme" title="Cæsareopapisme – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cæsareopapisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A4saropapismus" title="Cäsaropapismus – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cäsaropapismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Καισαροπαπισμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καισαροπαπισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caesaropapism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaropapismo" title="Cezaropapismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cezaropapismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesaropapismo" title="Cesaropapismo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cesaropapismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سزاروپاپیسم – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سزاروپاپیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9saropapisme" title="Césaropapisme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Césaropapisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="קיסרופאפיזם – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיסרופאפיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaropapizmus" title="Cezaropapizmus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cezaropapizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesaropapismo" title="Cesaropapismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cesaropapismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaesaropapisme" title="Kaesaropapisme – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaesaropapisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesaropapismo" title="Cesaropapismo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cesaropapismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="皇帝教皇主義 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="皇帝教皇主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="황제교황주의 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황제교황주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar%C3%B4papisma" title="Kaisarôpapisma – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaisarôpapisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Цезаропапизам – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цезаропапизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A6saropapisme" title="Cæsaropapisme – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cæsaropapisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaropapizm" title="Cezaropapizm – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cezaropapizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesaropapismo" title="Cesaropapismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cesaropapismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaropapism" title="Cezaropapism – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cezaropapism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Цезаропапизм – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цезаропапизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaropapizam" title="Cezaropapizam – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cezaropapizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9zaropapizmus" title="Cézaropapizmus – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cézaropapizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaropapizem" title="Cezaropapizem – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cezaropapizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaropapizam" title="Cezaropapizam – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Cezaropapizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesareopapism" title="Caesareopapism – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Caesareopapism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="จักรพรรดิสันตะปาปานิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิสันตะปาปานิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sezaropapizm" title="Sezaropapizm – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sezaropapizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Цезарепапізм – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цезарепапізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="政教合一" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="政教合一" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>Een <b>cesaropapie</b> (van <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a> <span lang="la" title="Latijn"><i>caesar</i></span>, "keizer" en <span lang="la" title="Latijn"><i>papa</i></span>, "paus") is een <a href="/wiki/Staatsvorm" title="Staatsvorm">staatsvorm</a> waarbij de wereldlijke/tijdelijke leider ook de geestelijke leider is en de wereldlijke macht ingrijpt in de geestelijke rechten van de Kerk. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nicaea_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/225px-Nicaea_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/338px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/450px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption>Icoon met <a href="/wiki/Constantijn_de_Grote" title="Constantijn de Grote">Constantijn de Grote</a> (centrum) en met bisschoppen van het <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Concilie_van_Nicea" title="Eerste Concilie van Nicea">Eerste Concilie van Nicea</a> met de tekst van de <a href="/wiki/Geloofsbelijdenis_van_Nicea-Constantinopel" title="Geloofsbelijdenis van Nicea-Constantinopel">Geloofsbelijdenis van Nicea-Constantinopel</a> in de huidige <a href="/wiki/Liturgie" title="Liturgie">liturgische</a> vorm.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toelichting">Toelichting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesaropapie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toelichting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesaropapie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toelichting"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voorbeelden van een cesaropapie: </p> <ul><li>Het <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Keizerrijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantijnse Keizerrijk">Byzantijnse Keizerrijk</a>, vooral onder <a href="/wiki/Justinianus_I_van_Byzantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinianus I van Byzantium">Justinianus I</a> (527-565)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Het <a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a> (theoretisch; de koningen van Engeland zijn ook hoofd van de <a href="/wiki/Anglicaanse_Kerk" title="Anglicaanse Kerk">Anglicaanse Kerk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Verdediger_van_het_Geloof" title="Verdediger van het Geloof">Verdediger van het Geloof</a> (<i>Fidei Defensor</i>).</li></ul> <p>Een cesaropapie gaat uit van een <a href="/wiki/Theocratie" title="Theocratie">theocratisch</a> wereldbeeld, waarin alle gezag van een leider van God gekregen is. Andere voorbeelden van theocratische systemen zijn een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi%C3%ABrocratie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiërocratie (de pagina bestaat niet)">hiërocratie</a>, de directe tegenhanger van cesaropapie, waarbij de geestelijke macht ook de wereldlijke macht uitoefent. Een derde vorm is het <a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">dualisme</a>. Bij het dualisme worden de wereldlijke en geestelijke macht in aparte invloedssferen uitgeoefend. Dit zijn dus alle drie theocratische machtssystemen, omdat ze er alle drie van uitgaan dat de macht van God komt. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesaropapie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesaropapie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=pRAwCAy_P3UC&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=ausdrucksformen+der+byzantinischen&source=bl&ots=zoNYveuXeX&sig=ACfU3U0cfb2JMeuTH6fWDkbmFvh938Nqmw&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsjL_F2JTpAhUQDOwKHRJ3Bw8Q6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false">Vasile Adrian Caraba, 'Ausducksformen der byzantinischen Symphona am Beispiel der Hofzeremoniells'</a> </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">De meeste moderne historici erkennen nu echter dat de juridische Byzantijnse teksten spreken van onderlinge afhankelijkheid van de keizerlijke en kerkelijke structuren in plaats van over een eenzijdige afhankelijkheid van de laatste.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Wim_Blockmans" title="Wim Blockmans">Wim Blockmans</a> en <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hoppenbrouwers" title="Peter Hoppenbrouwers">Peter Hoppenbrouwers</a>, <i>Eeuwen des onderscheids. Een geschiedenis van middeleeuws Europa</i>, Uitg. Bert Bakker, 2016, blz. 76 en 77. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie 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href="/wiki/Presidentieel_systeem" title="Presidentieel systeem">presidentiële republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Semipresidentieel_systeem" title="Semipresidentieel systeem">semipresidentiële republiek</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Theocratie" title="Theocratie">theocratie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalifaat" title="Kalifaat">kalifaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pontificaat" title="Pontificaat">pontificaat</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie">Ideologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bi-nationale_staat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-nationale staat">bi-nationale staat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Democratie" title="Democratie">democratie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Directe_democratie" title="Directe democratie">directe democratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ochlocratie" title="Ochlocratie">ochlocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parlementaire_democratie" title="Parlementaire democratie">parlementaire democratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meerpartijenstelsel" title="Meerpartijenstelsel">meerpartijenstelsel</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_republiek" title="Islamitische republiek">islamitische republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meritocratie" title="Meritocratie">meritocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eenpartijstelsel" title="Eenpartijstelsel">eenpartijstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plutocratie" title="Plutocratie">plutocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Technocratie" title="Technocratie">technocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek" title="Volksrepubliek">volksrepubliek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radenrepubliek" title="Radenrepubliek">radenrepubliek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Socialistische_sovjetrepubliek" title="Socialistische sovjetrepubliek">socialistische sovjetrepubliek</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Regeringsvorm" title="Regeringsvorm">Regeringsvorm</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Centralisme" title="Centralisme">centralisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eenheidsstaat" title="Eenheidsstaat">eenheidsstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Federalisme" title="Federalisme">federalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(staatsvorm)" title="Condominium (staatsvorm)">condominium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Confederatie" title="Confederatie">confederatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vazalstaat" title="Vazalstaat">vazalstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Natiestaat" title="Natiestaat">natiestaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beschavingsstaat" title="Beschavingsstaat">beschavingsstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Supranationalisme" title="Supranationalisme">supranationalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Superstaat" title="Superstaat">superstaat</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Zie ook:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Diarchie" title="Diarchie">diarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Driemanschap" title="Driemanschap">driemanschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchie" title="Tetrarchie">tetrarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pseudocratie" title="Pseudocratie">pseudocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gerontocratie" title="Gerontocratie">gerontocratie</a> · <a 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