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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Clustered+file+system%22">"Clustered file system"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Clustered+file+system%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Clustered+file+system%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Clustered+file+system%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Clustered+file+system%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Clustered+file+system%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Merges need to be smoothed over.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Clustered_file_system" title="Special:EditPage/Clustered file system">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>clustered file system</b> (<b>CFS</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> which is shared by being simultaneously <a href="/wiki/Mount_(computing)" title="Mount (computing)">mounted</a> on multiple <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a>. There are several approaches to <a href="/wiki/Computer_cluster" title="Computer cluster">clustering</a>, most of which do not employ a clustered file system (only <a href="/wiki/Direct_attached_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct attached storage">direct attached storage</a> for each node). Clustered file systems can provide features like location-independent addressing and redundancy which improve reliability or reduce the complexity of the other parts of the cluster. <b>Parallel file systems</b> are a type of clustered file system that spread data across multiple storage nodes, usually for redundancy or performance.<sup id="cite_ref-DellClustersWithParallelFileSystems_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DellClustersWithParallelFileSystems-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shared-disk_file_system"><span class="anchor" id="SHARED-DISK"></span>Shared-disk file system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Shared-disk file system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>shared-disk file system</b> uses a <a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">storage area network</a> (SAN) to allow multiple computers to gain direct disk access at the <a href="/wiki/Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">block level</a>. Access control and translation from file-level operations that applications use to block-level operations used by the SAN must take place on the client node. The most common type of clustered file system, the shared-disk file system – by adding mechanisms for <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_control" title="Concurrency control">concurrency control</a> – provides a consistent and <a href="/wiki/Serialization" title="Serialization">serializable</a> view of the file system, avoiding corruption and unintended <a href="/wiki/Data_loss" title="Data loss">data loss</a> even when multiple clients try to access the same files at the same time. Shared-disk file-systems commonly employ some sort of <a href="/wiki/Fencing_(computing)" title="Fencing (computing)">fencing</a> mechanism to prevent data corruption in case of node failures, because an unfenced device can cause data corruption if it loses communication with its sister nodes and tries to access the same information other nodes are accessing. </p><p>The underlying storage area network may use any of a number of block-level protocols, including <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/HyperSCSI" title="HyperSCSI">HyperSCSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATA_over_Ethernet" title="ATA over Ethernet">ATA over Ethernet</a> (AoE), <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_block_device" title="Network block device">network block device</a>, and <a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a>. </p><p>There are different architectural approaches to a shared-disk filesystem. Some distribute file information across all the servers in a cluster (fully distributed).<sup id="cite_ref-SDDS_2002_Disk_Backup_Through_Algebraic_Signatures_in_Scalable_Distributed_Data_Structures_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDDS_2002_Disk_Backup_Through_Algebraic_Signatures_in_Scalable_Distributed_Data_Structures-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Whale_Clustered_file_system" title="Blue Whale Clustered file system">Blue Whale Clustered file system</a> (BWFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a> (SGI) clustered file system (<a href="/wiki/CXFS" title="CXFS">CXFS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_Cluster_File_System" title="Veritas Cluster File System">Veritas Cluster File System</a></li> <li>Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Cluster_Shared_Volumes" title="Cluster Shared Volumes">Cluster Shared Volumes</a> (CSV)</li> <li>DataPlow <a href="/wiki/Nasan" title="Nasan">Nasan</a> File System</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_General_Parallel_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM General Parallel File System">IBM General Parallel File System</a> (GPFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCFS" class="mw-redirect" title="OCFS">Oracle Cluster File System</a> (OCFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> <a href="/wiki/Files-11" title="Files-11">Files-11</a> File System</li> <li>PolyServe storage solutions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Corporation" title="Quantum Corporation">Quantum</a> <a href="/wiki/StorNext_File_System" title="StorNext File System">StorNext</a> File System (SNFS), ex ADIC, ex CentraVision File System (CVFS)</li> <li>Red Hat <a href="/wiki/Global_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Global File System">Global File System</a> (GFS2)</li> <li>Sun <a href="/wiki/QFS" title="QFS">QFS</a></li> <li>TerraScale Technologies TerraFS</li> <li>Veritas CFS (Cluster FS: Clustered VxFS)</li> <li>Versity VSM (SAM-QFS ported to Linux), ScoutFS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_VMFS" title="VMware VMFS">VMware VMFS</a></li> <li>WekaFS</li> <li>Apple <a href="/wiki/Xsan" title="Xsan">Xsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a> <a href="/wiki/HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distributed_file_systems"><span class="anchor" id="DISTRIBUTED-FS"></span>Distributed file systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distributed file systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Distributed file systems</i> do not share <a href="/wiki/Block-level_storage" title="Block-level storage">block level access</a> to the same storage but use a network <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (computing)">protocol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SilberschatzOperatingSystemConcepts_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SilberschatzOperatingSystemConcepts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ostep-1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostep-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed file system">network file systems</a>, even though they are not the only file systems that use the network to send data.<sup id="cite_ref-SunNetworkFileSystem_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SunNetworkFileSystem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distributed file systems can restrict access to the file system depending on <a href="/wiki/Access_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Access list">access lists</a> or <a href="/wiki/Capability-based_security" title="Capability-based security">capabilities</a> on both the servers and the clients, depending on how the protocol is designed. </p><p>The difference between a distributed file system and a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_data_store" title="Distributed data store">distributed data store</a> is that a distributed file system allows files to be accessed using the same interfaces and semantics as local files –  for example, mounting/unmounting, listing directories, read/write at byte boundaries, system's native permission model. Distributed data stores, by contrast, require using a different API or library and have different semantics (most often those of a database).<sup id="cite_ref-Sobh_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sobh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_goals">Design goals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Distributed file systems may aim for "transparency" in a number of aspects. That is, they aim to be "invisible" to client programs, which "see" a system which is similar to a local file system. Behind the scenes, the distributed file system handles locating files, transporting data, and potentially providing other features listed below. </p> <ul><li><i>Access transparency</i>: clients are unaware that files are distributed and can access them in the same way as local files are accessed.</li> <li><i>Location transparency</i>: a consistent namespace exists encompassing local as well as remote files. The name of a file does not give its location.</li> <li><i>Concurrency transparency</i>: all clients have the same view of the state of the file system. This means that if one process is modifying a file, any other processes on the same system or remote systems that are accessing the files will see the modifications in a coherent manner.</li> <li><i>Failure transparency</i>: the client and client programs should operate correctly after a server failure.</li> <li><i>Heterogeneity</i>: file service should be provided across different hardware and operating system platforms.</li> <li><i>Scalability</i>: the file system should work well in small environments (1 machine, a dozen machines) and also scale gracefully to bigger ones (hundreds through tens of thousands of systems).</li> <li><i>Replication transparency</i>: Clients should not have to be aware of the file replication performed across multiple servers to support scalability.</li> <li><i>Migration transparency</i>: files should be able to move between different servers without the client's knowledge.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Incompatible_Timesharing_System" title="Incompatible Timesharing System">Incompatible Timesharing System</a> used virtual devices for transparent inter-machine file system access in the 1960s. More file servers were developed in the 1970s. In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> created the <a href="/wiki/File_Access_Listener" class="mw-redirect" title="File Access Listener">File Access Listener</a> (FAL), an implementation of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_Access_Protocol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Data Access Protocol (page does not exist)">Data Access Protocol</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/DECnet" title="DECnet">DECnet</a> Phase II which became the first widely used network file system. In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> created the file system called "<a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">Network File System</a>" (NFS) which became the first widely used <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> based network file system.<sup id="cite_ref-ostep-1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostep-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable network file systems are <a href="/wiki/Andrew_File_System" title="Andrew File System">Andrew File System</a> (AFS), <a href="/wiki/Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">Apple Filing Protocol</a> (AFP), <a href="/wiki/NetWare_Core_Protocol" title="NetWare Core Protocol">NetWare Core Protocol</a> (NCP), and <a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a> (SMB) which is also known as Common Internet File System (CIFS). </p><p>In 1986, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> announced client and server support for Distributed Data Management Architecture (DDM) for the <a href="/wiki/System/36" class="mw-redirect" title="System/36">System/36</a>, <a href="/wiki/System/38" class="mw-redirect" title="System/38">System/38</a>, and IBM mainframe computers running <a href="/wiki/CICS" title="CICS">CICS</a>. This was followed by the support for <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a>, <a href="/wiki/AS/400" class="mw-redirect" title="AS/400">AS/400</a>, IBM mainframe computers under the <a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a> and <a href="/wiki/VSE_(operating_system)" title="VSE (operating system)">VSE</a> operating systems, and <a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a>. DDM also became the foundation for <a href="/wiki/DRDA" title="DRDA">Distributed Relational Database Architecture</a>, also known as DRDA. </p><p>There are many <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Network protocol">network protocols</a> for open-source <a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_systems_for_cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed file systems for cloud">distributed file systems for cloud</a> or closed-source clustered file systems, e. g.: <a href="/wiki/9P_(protocol)" title="9P (protocol)">9P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_File_System" title="Andrew File System">AFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coda_(file_system)" title="Coda (file system)">Coda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">CIFS/SMB</a>, <a href="/wiki/DCE_Distributed_File_System" title="DCE Distributed File System">DCE/DFS</a>, WekaFS,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a>, PanFS,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mnet_(peer-to-peer_network)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mnet (peer-to-peer network) (page does not exist)">Mnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chord_(peer-to-peer)" title="Chord (peer-to-peer)">Chord Project</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_2">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_file_systems" title="List of file systems">List of distributed file systems</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluxio" title="Alluxio">Alluxio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeeGFS" title="BeeGFS">BeeGFS</a> (Fraunhofer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)#File_system" title="Ceph (software)">CephFS</a> (Inktank, Red Hat, SUSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">Windows Distributed File System (DFS)</a> (Microsoft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infinit_(file_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infinit (file system) (page does not exist)">Infinit</a> (acquired by Docker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gfarm_file_system" title="Gfarm file system">GfarmFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlusterFS" class="mw-redirect" title="GlusterFS">GlusterFS</a> (Red Hat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Google file system">GFS</a> (Google Inc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPFS" title="GPFS">GPFS</a> (IBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadoop_distributed_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadoop distributed file system">HDFS</a> (Apache Software Foundation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</a> (Inter Planetary File System)</li> <li>iRODS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LizardFS" title="LizardFS">LizardFS</a> (Skytechnology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MapR_FS" title="MapR FS">MapR FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moose_File_System" title="Moose File System">MooseFS</a> (Core Technology / Gemius)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ObjectiveFS" title="ObjectiveFS">ObjectiveFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneFS" class="mw-redirect" title="OneFS">OneFS</a> (EMC Isilon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrangeFS" title="OrangeFS">OrangeFS</a> (Clemson University, Omnibond Systems), formerly <a href="/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_File_System" title="Parallel Virtual File System">Parallel Virtual File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasas" title="Panasas">PanFS</a> (Panasas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_File_System" title="Parallel Virtual File System">Parallel Virtual File System</a> (Clemson University, Argonne National Laboratory, Ohio Supercomputer Center)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RozoFS" title="RozoFS">RozoFS</a> (Rozo Systems)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">SMB/CIFS</a></li> <li>Torus (CoreOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WekaFS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WekaFS (page does not exist)">WekaFS</a> (WekaIO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XtreemFS" title="XtreemFS">XtreemFS</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Network-attached_storage">Network-attached storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Network-attached storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">Network-attached storage</a></div> <p>Network-attached storage (NAS) provides both storage and a file system, like a shared disk file system on top of a storage area network (SAN). NAS typically uses file-based protocols (as opposed to block-based protocols a SAN would use) such as <a href="/wiki/Network_File_System_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Network File System (protocol)">NFS</a> (popular on <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> systems), SMB/CIFS (<a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block/Common Internet File System</a>) (used with MS Windows systems), <a href="/wiki/Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">AFP</a> (used with <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a> computers), or <a href="/wiki/NetWare_Core_Protocol" title="NetWare Core Protocol">NCP</a> (used with <a href="/wiki/Novell_Open_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell Open Enterprise Server">OES</a> and <a href="/wiki/NetWare" title="NetWare">Novell NetWare</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_considerations">Design considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Design considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avoiding_single_point_of_failure">Avoiding single point of failure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Avoiding single point of failure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The failure of disk hardware or a given storage node in a cluster can create a <a href="/wiki/Single_point_of_failure" title="Single point of failure">single point of failure</a> that can result in <a href="/wiki/Data_loss" title="Data loss">data loss</a> or unavailability. <a href="/wiki/Fault_tolerance" title="Fault tolerance">Fault tolerance</a> and high availability can be provided through <a href="/wiki/Replication_(computing)" title="Replication (computing)">data replication</a> of one sort or another, so that data remains intact and available despite the failure of any single piece of equipment. For examples, see the lists of <a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_fault-tolerant_file_systems" title="List of file systems">distributed fault-tolerant file systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_parallel_fault-tolerant_file_systems" title="List of file systems">distributed parallel fault-tolerant file systems</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performance</a> <a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">measurement</a> of a clustered file system is the amount of time needed to satisfy service requests. In conventional systems, this time consists of a disk-access time and a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>-processing time. But in a clustered file system, a remote access has additional overhead due to the distributed structure. This includes the time to deliver the request to a server, the time to deliver the response to the client, and for each direction, a CPU overhead of running the <a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">communication protocol</a> <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concurrency">Concurrency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Concurrency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concurrency control becomes an issue when more than one person or client is accessing the same file or block and want to update it. Hence updates to the file from one client should not interfere with access and updates from other clients. This problem is more complex with file systems due to concurrent overlapping writes, where different writers write to overlapping regions of the file concurrently.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This problem is usually handled by <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_control" title="Concurrency control">concurrency control</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lock_(computer_science)" title="Lock (computer science)">locking</a> which may either be built into the file system or provided by an add-on protocol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_2">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IBM mainframes in the 1970s could share physical disks and file systems if each machine had its own channel connection to the drives' control units. In the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TOPS-20" title="TOPS-20">TOPS-20</a> and <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> clusters (VAX/ALPHA/IA64) included shared disk file systems.<sup id="cite_ref-TenexOrigins&Development_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TenexOrigins&Development-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed file system">Distributed file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_NAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Clustered NAS">Clustered NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">Storage area network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Shared resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-attached_storage" title="Direct-attached storage">Direct-attached storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer-to-peer file sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk sharing">Disk sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_data_store" title="Distributed data store">Distributed data store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_file_system" title="Global file system">Global file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher (protocol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_file_systems" title="List of file systems">List of distributed file systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CacheFS" title="CacheFS">CacheFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DellClustersWithParallelFileSystems-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DellClustersWithParallelFileSystems_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>NFS was designed to simplify the sharing of filesystem resources in a network of non-homogeneousmachines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Summer+1986+USENIX+Technical+Conference+and+Exhibition&rft.atitle=The+Sun+Network+Filesystem%3A+Design%2C+Implementation+and+Experience&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=Russel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcse.buffalo.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ftkosar%2Fcse710_spring13%2Fpapers%2Fnfs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClustered+file+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sobh-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sobh_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobh2008" class="citation book cs1">Sobh, Tarek (2008). <i>Advances in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weka.io&rft.atitle=Weka+Distributed+File+Systems+%28DFS%29&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weka.io%2Flearn%2Fdistributed-file-systems%2Fdistributed-file-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClustered+file+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weka.io/learn/distributed-file-systems/distributed-file-system/">"PanFS Parallel File System"</a>. <i>panasas.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panasas.com&rft.atitle=PanFS+Parallel+File+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weka.io%2Flearn%2Fdistributed-file-systems%2Fdistributed-file-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClustered+file+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pessach, Yaniv (2013). <i>Distributed Storage: Concepts, Algorithms, and Implementations</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1482561043" title="Special:BookSources/978-1482561043">978-1482561043</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TenexOrigins&Development-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TenexOrigins&Development_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1996" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Dan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tenex.opost.com/hbook.html">"Origins and Development of TOPS-20"</a>. Dan Murphy. Ambitious Plans for Jupiter<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>Ultimately, both VMS and TOPS-20 shipped this kind of capability.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+and+Development+of+TOPS-20&rft.pages=Ambitious+Plans+for+Jupiter&rft.pub=Dan+Murphy&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftenex.opost.com%2Fhbook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClustered+file+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clustered_file_system&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cloudbus.org/reports/DistributedStorageTaxonomy.pdf">A Taxonomy of Distributed Storage Systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120756/http://trac.nchc.org.tw/grid/raw-attachment/wiki/jazz/09-05-22/A_Taxonomy_and_Survey_on_Distributed_File_Systems.pdf">A Taxonomy and Survey on Distributed File Systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/courses/dd/papers/satya89survey.ps">A survey of distributed file systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101831/http://www.snia-europe.org/objects_store/Christian_Bandulet_SNIATutorial%20Basics_EvolutionFileSystems.pdf">The Evolution of File Systems</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:File_systems" title="Template:File systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:File_systems" title="Template talk:File systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:File_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:File systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="File_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems" title="Comparison of file systems">Comparison of file systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_distributed_file_systems" title="Comparison of distributed file systems">distributed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_filesystem" title="Unix filesystem">Unix filesystem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk and<br />non-rotating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Disc_Filing_System" title="Advanced Disc Filing System">ADFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdvFS" title="AdvFS">AdvFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Fast_File_System" title="Amiga Fast File System">Amiga FFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Old_File_System" title="Amiga Old File System">Amiga OFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AtheOS_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="AtheOS File System">AthFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bcachefs" title="Bcachefs">bcachefs</a></li> <li>BFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Be_File_System" title="Be File System">Be File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li> <li>Byte File System (<a href="/wiki/Z/VM" title="Z/VM">z/VM</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorNext_File_System" title="StorNext File System">CVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXFS" title="CXFS">CXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_Filing_System" title="Disc Filing System">DFS</a></li> <li>EFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">Encrypting File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extent_File_System" title="Extent File System">Extent File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episode_filesystem" title="Episode filesystem">Episode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_system" title="Extended file system">ext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ext2" title="Ext2">ext2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">ext3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext3cow" title="Ext3cow">ext3cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">ext4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Files-11" title="Files-11">Files-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_(file_system)" title="Fossil (file system)">Fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPFS" title="GPFS">GPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(file_system)" title="HAMMER (file system)">HAMMER</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">HFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(IBM_MVS)" title="Hierarchical File System (IBM MVS)">HFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Throughput_File_System" title="High Throughput File System">HTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-structured_File_System_(BSD)" title="Log-structured File System (BSD)">LFS</a></li> <li>MFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_File_System" title="Macintosh File System">Macintosh File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo_Media_File_System" title="TiVo Media File System">TiVo Media File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINIX_file_system" title="MINIX file system">MINIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_File_System" title="NetWare File System">NetWare File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next3" title="Next3">Next3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_Storage_Services" title="Novell Storage Services">NSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneFS_distributed_file_system" title="OneFS distributed file system">OneFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS">OpenZFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_File_System" title="Professional File System">PFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QFS" title="QFS">QFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX4FS" title="QNX4FS">QNX4FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReiserFS" title="ReiserFS">ReiserFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reiser4" title="Reiser4">Reiser4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalight#Reliance_family" title="Datalight">Reliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalight#Reliance_Nitro" title="Datalight">Reliance Nitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_File_Sharing" title="Remote File Sharing">RFS</a></li> <li>SFS <ul><li>Shared File System (<a href="/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" title="VM (operating system)">VM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_File_System" title="Smart File System">Smart File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorNext_File_System" title="StorNext File System">SNFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_(Apple)" title="Soup (Apple)">Soup (Apple)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tux3" title="Tux3">Tux3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">UFS/UFS2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_updates" title="Soft updates">soft updates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_Ahead_Physical_Block_Logging" title="Write Ahead Physical Block Logging">WAPBL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_File_System" title="Veritas File System">VxFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_Anywhere_File_Layout" title="Write Anywhere File Layout">WAFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiafs" title="Xiafs">Xiafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsan" title="Xsan">Xsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZFS_(z/OS_file_system)" title="ZFS (z/OS file system)">zFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Sierra_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sierra Format">HSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">ISO 13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">SSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction-Safe_FAT_File_System" title="Transaction-Safe FAT File System">TFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F2FS" title="F2FS">F2FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Volatile_File_System" title="Non-Volatile File System">NVFS</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="host-side_wear_leveling" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">host-side <a href="/wiki/Wear_leveling" title="Wear leveling">wear leveling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHFS" title="CHFS">CHFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFFS" title="JFFS">JFFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFFS2" title="JFFS2">JFFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogFS" title="LogFS">LogFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YAFFS" title="YAFFS">YAFFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Distributed_file_systems">Distributed parallel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeeGFS" title="BeeGFS">BeeGFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXFS" title="CXFS">CXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFS2" title="GFS2">GFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCFS2" title="OCFS2">OCFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrangeFS" title="OrangeFS">OrangeFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_File_System" title="Parallel Virtual File System">PVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantcast_File_System" title="Quantcast File System">QFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsan" title="Xsan">Xsan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_parallel_file_systems" title="List of file systems">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">NAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9P_(protocol)" title="9P (protocol)">9P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_File_System" title="Andrew File System">AFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/OpenAFS" title="OpenAFS">OpenAFS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">AFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_(file_system)" title="Coda (file system)">Coda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPFS" title="GPFS">GPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_Core_Protocol" title="NetWare Core Protocol">NCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliptics" title="Elliptics">POHMELFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hadoop" title="Apache Hadoop">Hadoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">SMB (CIFS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_file_systems" title="List of file systems">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aufs" title="Aufs">Aufs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AXFS" title="AXFS">AXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDfs" title="CDfs">CDfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_File_System" title="Compact Disc File System">Compact Disc File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramfs" title="Cramfs">cramfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davfs2" title="Davfs2">Davfs2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTPFS" title="FTPFS">FTPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lnfs" title="Lnfs">Lnfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape_File_System" title="Linear Tape File System">LTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOVA_(filesystem)" title="NOVA (filesystem)">NOVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_MultiVersion_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational MultiVersion File System">MVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SquashFS" title="SquashFS">SquashFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT_filesystem_and_Linux" title="FAT filesystem and Linux">UMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverlayFS" title="OverlayFS">OverlayFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnionFS" title="UnionFS">UnionFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pseudo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Configfs" title="Configfs">configfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_file" title="Device file">devfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debugfs" title="Debugfs">debugfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernfs_(BSD)" title="Kernfs (BSD)">kernfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li> <li>specfs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysfs" title="Sysfs">sysfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmpfs" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Encrypted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECryptfs" title="ECryptfs">eCryptfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EncFS" title="EncFS">EncFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberhose_(file_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubberhose (file system)">Rubberhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_ZFS" title="Oracle ZFS">ZFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clustered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_file_system" title="Global file system">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_file_system" title="Grid file system">Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-certifying_File_System" title="Self-certifying File System">Self-certifying</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_file_system" title="Flash file system">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-structured_file_system" title="Log-structured file system">Log-structured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_storage" title="Object storage">Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record-oriented_filesystem" title="Record-oriented filesystem">Record-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_file_system" title="Semantic file system">Semantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganographic_file_system" title="Steganographic file system">Steganographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_file_system" title="Synthetic file system">Synthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versioning_file_system" title="Versioning file system">Versioning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_preservation" title="Case preservation">Case preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy-on-write" title="Copy-on-write">Copy-on-write</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Data deduplication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_scrubbing" title="Data scrubbing">Data scrubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execute_in_place" title="Execute in place">Execute in place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extent_(file_systems)" title="Extent (file systems)">Extent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">Extended file attributes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_change_log" title="File change log">File change log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">Fork</a></li> <li>Links <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">Symbolic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Access control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access-control_list" title="Access-control list">Access-control list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Filesystem-level encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File-system_permissions" title="File-system permissions">Permissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chmod" title="Chmod">Modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_bit" title="Sticky bit">Sticky bit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">Interfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_manager" title="File manager">File manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_system_API" title="File system API">File system API</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">Installable File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems" title="List of file systems">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cryptographic_file_systems" title="List of cryptographic file systems">Cryptographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_default_file_systems" title="List of default file systems">Default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_log-structured_file_systems" title="List of log-structured file systems">Log-structured</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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