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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Zinc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zinc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copper_foil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copper_foil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Copper foil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copper_foil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Glass joined with came strips or foil</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Stained glass (disambiguation)">Stained glass (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_Nathanael.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_Nathanael.jpg/220px-StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_Nathanael.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="1142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_Nathanael.jpg/330px-StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_Nathanael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_Nathanael.jpg/440px-StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_Nathanael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="9600" /></a><figcaption>Lyon and Cottier, Stained glass panel in the transept of St. John's Anglican Church, Ashfield, New South Wales (NSW).</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury,_Canterbury_cathedral-stained_glass_12.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Canterbury%2C_Canterbury_cathedral-stained_glass_12.JPG/220px-Canterbury%2C_Canterbury_cathedral-stained_glass_12.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Canterbury%2C_Canterbury_cathedral-stained_glass_12.JPG/330px-Canterbury%2C_Canterbury_cathedral-stained_glass_12.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Canterbury%2C_Canterbury_cathedral-stained_glass_12.JPG/440px-Canterbury%2C_Canterbury_cathedral-stained_glass_12.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Canterbury, Canterbury cathedral-stained glass</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limoges_001_Art_Nouveau_glass_at_railway_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Limoges_001_Art_Nouveau_glass_at_railway_station.JPG/220px-Limoges_001_Art_Nouveau_glass_at_railway_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Limoges_001_Art_Nouveau_glass_at_railway_station.JPG/330px-Limoges_001_Art_Nouveau_glass_at_railway_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Limoges_001_Art_Nouveau_glass_at_railway_station.JPG/440px-Limoges_001_Art_Nouveau_glass_at_railway_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1006" /></a><figcaption>Railway station showing fine Art Déco leadlighting with grisaille and yellow stain. Limoges, France.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollyhock_House_corner_window.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hollyhock_House_corner_window.JPG/220px-Hollyhock_House_corner_window.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hollyhock_House_corner_window.JPG/330px-Hollyhock_House_corner_window.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hollyhock_House_corner_window.JPG/440px-Hollyhock_House_corner_window.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Frank Lloyd Wright, Hollyhock House, Los Angeles, CA</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theo_van_Doesburg_Leaded_Glass_Composition_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Theo_van_Doesburg_Leaded_Glass_Composition_I.jpg/220px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Leaded_Glass_Composition_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Theo_van_Doesburg_Leaded_Glass_Composition_I.jpg/330px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Leaded_Glass_Composition_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Theo_van_Doesburg_Leaded_Glass_Composition_I.jpg/440px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Leaded_Glass_Composition_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1604" /></a><figcaption>Theo van Doesburg, <i>Leaded Glass Composition I</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Came glasswork</b> is the process of joining cut pieces of <a href="/wiki/Art_glass" title="Art glass">art glass</a> through the use of <a href="/wiki/Came" title="Came">came</a> strips or foil into picturesque designs in a framework of <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldered</a> <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">metal</a>. </p><p>Final products include a wide range of glasswork, including <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leadlight" title="Leadlight">lead light</a> pieces. Came is made of different metals, such as <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>. The metal came selected generally depends upon the size, complexity and weight of the project. As an alternative to came, copper foil may be used, for small, intricate pieces. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Came glasswork includes assembling pieces of cut and possibly painted <a href="/wiki/Art_glass" title="Art glass">glass</a> using <a href="/wiki/Came" title="Came">came</a> sections. The joints where the came meet are <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">soldered</a> to bind the sections. When all of the glass pieces have been put within came and a border put around the entire work, pieces are <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cemented</a> and supported as needed.<sup id="cite_ref-Shannon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shannon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work may be made <a href="/wiki/Waterproof" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterproof">waterproof</a> by forcing a soft oily cement or <a href="/wiki/Putty" title="Putty">mastic</a> between the glass and the cames. A form of <a href="/wiki/Embellishment" title="Embellishment">embellishment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Angel_gilding" title="Angel gilding">Angel gilding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eglomise" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglomise">Eglomise</a>, may be added to finish the piece. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 872px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lead_came_cross_sections02.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Schematic depiction of H- and U-shaped lead came cross sections, with embedded glass pieces."><img alt="Schematic depiction of H- and U-shaped lead came cross sections, with embedded glass pieces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lead_came_cross_sections02.png/175px-Lead_came_cross_sections02.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lead_came_cross_sections02.png/263px-Lead_came_cross_sections02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lead_came_cross_sections02.png/350px-Lead_came_cross_sections02.png 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="222" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schematic depiction of H- and U-shaped lead came cross sections, with embedded glass pieces.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldambt_023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glass art Tanja de Heus, Oldambt studio - the project is in process of being assembled"><img alt="Glass art Tanja de Heus, Oldambt studio - the project is in process of being assembled" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Oldambt_023.jpg/131px-Oldambt_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Oldambt_023.jpg/197px-Oldambt_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Oldambt_023.jpg/262px-Oldambt_023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glass art Tanja de Heus, <a href="/wiki/Oldambt_(municipality)" title="Oldambt (municipality)">Oldambt</a> studio - the project is in process of being assembled</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newname.ext.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musée de Cluny students at work in a stained glass workshop - assembling glass with came"><img alt="Musée de Cluny students at work in a stained glass workshop - assembling glass with came" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Newname.ext.jpg/175px-Newname.ext.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Newname.ext.jpg/263px-Newname.ext.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Newname.ext.jpg/350px-Newname.ext.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a> students at work in a stained glass workshop - assembling glass with came</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldambt_021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glass art Tanja de Heus, Oldambt studio"><img alt="Glass art Tanja de Heus, Oldambt studio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oldambt_021.jpg/175px-Oldambt_021.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oldambt_021.jpg/263px-Oldambt_021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oldambt_021.jpg/350px-Oldambt_021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glass art Tanja de Heus, Oldambt studio</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zz_Glaser_P1010007a_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stained glass sign of a glass worker, an example of a completed work"><img alt="Stained glass sign of a glass worker, an example of a completed work" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Zz_Glaser_P1010007a_retouched.jpg/168px-Zz_Glaser_P1010007a_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Zz_Glaser_P1010007a_retouched.jpg/252px-Zz_Glaser_P1010007a_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Zz_Glaser_P1010007a_retouched.jpg/335px-Zz_Glaser_P1010007a_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stained glass sign of a glass worker, an example of a completed work</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckled_lead_came_window_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buckled lead came window, an undesired result of completed work that requires restoration"><img alt="Buckled lead came window, an undesired result of completed work that requires restoration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Buckled_lead_came_window_01.jpg/88px-Buckled_lead_came_window_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Buckled_lead_came_window_01.jpg/132px-Buckled_lead_came_window_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Buckled_lead_came_window_01.jpg/175px-Buckled_lead_came_window_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1566" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buckled lead came window, an undesired result of completed work that requires restoration</div> </li> </ul> <p>Works may need to be reinforced, like large pieces or ones that will be exposed to the outdoor elements. Support can be provided as the piece is made through the use of reinforced and metal-covered lead came, the use of steel strips in the came channels, or use of rigid cames, such as <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>. Bars of steel or <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> <a href="/wiki/Rebar" title="Rebar">rebar</a> may be attached to the back of finished works as reinforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-Shannon60_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shannon60-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Presbyter" title="Theophilus Presbyter">Theophilus Presbyter</a>, the first to write about joining art glass using the came technique<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the book <i>De Divers Artibus</i>. Theophilus was a Benedictine Monk who was a glass and pigment worker who practiced in the late 11th and early 12th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials">Materials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materials to complete a glasswork project may include the <a href="/wiki/Pattern" title="Pattern">pattern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_glass" title="Art glass">cut glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Came" title="Came">came</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> <a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">trim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">solder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>. Additional supplies include <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a>, cutter oil, a <a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a> board, <a href="/wiki/Masking_tape" title="Masking tape">masking tape</a>, flux,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">whiting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shannon52_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shannon52-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Came">Came</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Came"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lead came is often supplied in lengths of 2 m and in widths of differing sizes. It also comes in flat or domed profiles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brass_and_copper">Brass and copper</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brass and copper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brass and copper have been used to bring a copper or golden hue to the works.<sup id="cite_ref-Berry10_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berry10-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, though, they were used only for windows between about 1890 and 1920. Both metals were often alternatives to zinc for <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a> designed windows.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heinz_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brass-capped_lead">Brass-capped lead</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brass-capped lead"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brass-capped lead is another type of came used for glasswork projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lead">Lead</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lead"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional method of creating "camework glass" uses <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> <a href="/wiki/Came" title="Came">came</a>, which ages into a dark blue-gray <a href="/wiki/Patina" title="Patina">patina</a>. In comparison to other came metal strips, like brass, copper and zinc, lead is softer and more flexible, making it easier to cut and bend. It's also inexpensive and durable. A downside is that the finished projects may be prone to sagging due to lead's softness. This can be mitigated somewhat by stretching the lead to make it more rigid before it is used.<sup id="cite_ref-Shannon_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shannon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOI_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Special precautions should be taken when working with this metal came to avoid lead contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lead came windows of the medieval churches are sturdier than those of the 19th century and much of the 20th century. The composition of lead came changed over time, at first by removing other metals to make a "pure lead" and then again during war years when lead was needed for ammunition. Since the 1970s a new form of lead, restoration lead, was developed based upon medieval lead's metal composition. Restoration lead is stronger than lead came of the prior 100 years or so.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Water tightness is achieved by brushing <a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">cement</a> under the flanges of the leads to both faces prior to installation or by applying <a href="/wiki/Putty" title="Putty">putty</a> afterwards. Typically the cement consisted of <a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">linseed oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">whiting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamp_black" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamp black">lamp black</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_spirit" title="White spirit">white spirit</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theo_van_Doesburg_Dance_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theo van Doesburg, Dance II"><img alt="Theo van Doesburg, Dance II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dance_II.jpg/89px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dance_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dance_II.jpg/133px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dance_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dance_II.jpg/177px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dance_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Theo van Doesburg, <i>Dance II</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaded_glass_window,_High_Street,_Saffron_Walden_-_geograph.org.uk_-_950274.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leaded glass window, High Street, Saffron Walden. In this case the came is an integral part of the artistic composition."><img alt="Leaded glass window, High Street, Saffron Walden. In this case the came is an integral part of the artistic composition." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leaded_glass_window%2C_High_Street%2C_Saffron_Walden_-_geograph.org.uk_-_950274.jpg/175px-Leaded_glass_window%2C_High_Street%2C_Saffron_Walden_-_geograph.org.uk_-_950274.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leaded_glass_window%2C_High_Street%2C_Saffron_Walden_-_geograph.org.uk_-_950274.jpg/263px-Leaded_glass_window%2C_High_Street%2C_Saffron_Walden_-_geograph.org.uk_-_950274.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leaded_glass_window%2C_High_Street%2C_Saffron_Walden_-_geograph.org.uk_-_950274.jpg/350px-Leaded_glass_window%2C_High_Street%2C_Saffron_Walden_-_geograph.org.uk_-_950274.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leaded glass window, High Street, Saffron Walden. In this case the came is an integral part of the artistic composition.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury_Cathedral_012_window_showing_leading_and_support.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Canterbury Cathedral window is a 20th-century restoration using restoration lead cames and rods for structural support. It demonstrates good new leading, support, and the method of tying the lead to the rods."><img alt="Canterbury Cathedral window is a 20th-century restoration using restoration lead cames and rods for structural support. It demonstrates good new leading, support, and the method of tying the lead to the rods." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Canterbury_Cathedral_012_window_showing_leading_and_support.JPG/131px-Canterbury_Cathedral_012_window_showing_leading_and_support.JPG" decoding="async" width="131" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Canterbury_Cathedral_012_window_showing_leading_and_support.JPG/197px-Canterbury_Cathedral_012_window_showing_leading_and_support.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Canterbury_Cathedral_012_window_showing_leading_and_support.JPG/262px-Canterbury_Cathedral_012_window_showing_leading_and_support.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Canterbury Cathedral window is a 20th-century restoration using restoration lead cames and rods for structural support. It demonstrates good new leading, support, and the method of tying the lead to the rods.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michael%27s_church_-_Continental_stained_glass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1492660.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Michael's church, Langley, Norfolk"><img alt="St Michael's church, Langley, Norfolk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/St_Michael%27s_church_-_Continental_stained_glass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1492660.jpg/175px-St_Michael%27s_church_-_Continental_stained_glass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1492660.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/St_Michael%27s_church_-_Continental_stained_glass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1492660.jpg/263px-St_Michael%27s_church_-_Continental_stained_glass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1492660.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/St_Michael%27s_church_-_Continental_stained_glass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1492660.jpg/350px-St_Michael%27s_church_-_Continental_stained_glass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1492660.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St Michael's church, Langley, Norfolk</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary%27s_church_-_east_window_detail_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363721.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Mary's church, Yaxley, Suffolk is also an example of came glasswork restoration"><img alt="St Mary's church, Yaxley, Suffolk is also an example of came glasswork restoration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/St_Mary%27s_church_-_east_window_detail_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363721.jpg/139px-St_Mary%27s_church_-_east_window_detail_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363721.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/St_Mary%27s_church_-_east_window_detail_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363721.jpg/208px-St_Mary%27s_church_-_east_window_detail_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363721.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/St_Mary%27s_church_-_east_window_detail_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363721.jpg/277px-St_Mary%27s_church_-_east_window_detail_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363721.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St Mary's church, Yaxley, Suffolk is also an example of came glasswork restoration</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Came_glasswork_with_clear_beveled_glass_panels.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Many Victorian-style houses in the United States have decorative came glasswork windows with clear beveled glass panels"><img alt="Many Victorian-style houses in the United States have decorative came glasswork windows with clear beveled glass panels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Came_glasswork_with_clear_beveled_glass_panels.jpg/175px-Came_glasswork_with_clear_beveled_glass_panels.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Came_glasswork_with_clear_beveled_glass_panels.jpg/263px-Came_glasswork_with_clear_beveled_glass_panels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Came_glasswork_with_clear_beveled_glass_panels.jpg/350px-Came_glasswork_with_clear_beveled_glass_panels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2189" data-file-height="1275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Many Victorian-style houses in the United States have decorative came glasswork windows with clear beveled glass panels</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zinc">Zinc</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Zinc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zinc makes a lightweight, strong and rigid came, which lends itself to glasswork projects that don't have many curved lines, are large, or have a number of straight lines that require greater support than lead would afford. Zinc accepts finishes, such as black and copper. Because of its strength, zinc is often used for border cames, which are U-channel cames for the outside edges.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frank Lloyd Wright used zinc came for his stained glass windows.<sup id="cite_ref-Heinz_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beveled_glass" title="Beveled glass">Beveled glass</a> work is generally done in zinc came, primarily because of its ability to manage the weight of heavy plate glass; whereas beveled glass works made of lead came are much more likely to buckle or sag over time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dana_Thomas_Windows.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Windows on south wall of Frank Lloyd Wright's Dana-Thomas House, Springfield IL"><img alt="Windows on south wall of Frank Lloyd Wright's Dana-Thomas House, Springfield IL" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dana_Thomas_Windows.jpg/175px-Dana_Thomas_Windows.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dana_Thomas_Windows.jpg/263px-Dana_Thomas_Windows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dana_Thomas_Windows.jpg/350px-Dana_Thomas_Windows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Windows on south wall of Frank Lloyd Wright's Dana-Thomas House, Springfield IL</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avery_Coonley_Windows.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Windows now in the American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright"><img alt="Windows now in the American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Avery_Coonley_Windows.jpg/175px-Avery_Coonley_Windows.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Avery_Coonley_Windows.jpg/263px-Avery_Coonley_Windows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Avery_Coonley_Windows.jpg/350px-Avery_Coonley_Windows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="361" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Windows now in the American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copper_foil">Copper foil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Copper foil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonquildaffodil2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jonquildaffodil2.jpg/220px-Jonquildaffodil2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jonquildaffodil2.jpg/330px-Jonquildaffodil2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jonquildaffodil2.jpg/440px-Jonquildaffodil2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>A typical copper foil <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_lamp" title="Tiffany lamp">Tiffany lamp</a>, with a jonquil daffodil design</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg/220px-Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg/330px-Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg/440px-Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clara_Driscoll_(glass_designer)" title="Clara Driscoll (glass designer)">Clara Driscoll</a>, head designer at <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany & Co.</a>, c. 1899–1920, Tiffany "Daffodil" leaded glass table lamp. This is an example of copper foil glasswork, an alternative to came glasswork.</figcaption></figure> <p>Copper foil is an easy, versatile alternative to came and is particularly useful for small projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Foil_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foil (chemistry)">foil</a>, the edges of the glass pieces are wrapped with adhesive copper tape and <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldered</a> together along the adjacent copper strips. A patent for the method of "Joining Glass Mosaics" was issued to Sanford Bray in 1886,<sup id="cite_ref-Patent349424A_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patent349424A-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new method of joining pieces of stained glass used copper/copper foil instead of lead sashes. By using copper foil, one could now make cylinders, cones, and globe-shaped shades or many other irregular forms. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 872px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lead_came_and_Copper_foil_Glasswork_Flowchart.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Comparison of the steps to use lead vs. copper foil came"><img alt="Comparison of the steps to use lead vs. copper foil came" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lead_came_and_Copper_foil_Glasswork_Flowchart.png/107px-Lead_came_and_Copper_foil_Glasswork_Flowchart.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lead_came_and_Copper_foil_Glasswork_Flowchart.png/162px-Lead_came_and_Copper_foil_Glasswork_Flowchart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lead_came_and_Copper_foil_Glasswork_Flowchart.png/215px-Lead_came_and_Copper_foil_Glasswork_Flowchart.png 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Comparison of the steps to use lead vs. copper foil came</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CopperFoil_glasswork_wrapped_before_soldering.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glass pieces wrapped with copper foil, before soldering"><img alt="Glass pieces wrapped with copper foil, before soldering" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CopperFoil_glasswork_wrapped_before_soldering.jpg/175px-CopperFoil_glasswork_wrapped_before_soldering.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CopperFoil_glasswork_wrapped_before_soldering.jpg/263px-CopperFoil_glasswork_wrapped_before_soldering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CopperFoil_glasswork_wrapped_before_soldering.jpg/350px-CopperFoil_glasswork_wrapped_before_soldering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glass pieces wrapped with copper foil, before soldering</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CopperFoil_glasswork_soldering.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copper foil glasswork soldering"><img alt="Copper foil glasswork soldering" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CopperFoil_glasswork_soldering.jpg/175px-CopperFoil_glasswork_soldering.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CopperFoil_glasswork_soldering.jpg/263px-CopperFoil_glasswork_soldering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CopperFoil_glasswork_soldering.jpg/350px-CopperFoil_glasswork_soldering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Copper foil glasswork soldering</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiffany_glasswork_Hanukkah_menora02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copper foil glasswork Hanukkah menorah"><img alt="Copper foil glasswork Hanukkah menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tiffany_glasswork_Hanukkah_menora02.jpg/175px-Tiffany_glasswork_Hanukkah_menora02.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tiffany_glasswork_Hanukkah_menora02.jpg/263px-Tiffany_glasswork_Hanukkah_menora02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tiffany_glasswork_Hanukkah_menora02.jpg/350px-Tiffany_glasswork_Hanukkah_menora02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Copper foil glasswork <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Hanukkah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Hanukkah)">Hanukkah menorah</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tools to complete a glasswork project can include:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brush" title="Brush">brushes</a>: toothbrush, scrub brush, flux brush or cotton swabs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbide" title="Carbide">carbide</a> <a href="/wiki/Grinding_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Grinding stone">grinding stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloth">cloths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straightedge" title="Straightedge">cork-backed straightedge</a></li> <li>crimper or burnisher, for copper foil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cutter" title="Glass cutter">glass cutter</a></li> <li>glass grinder</li> <li>glazing hammer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">hammer</a> and horseshoe <a href="/wiki/Nail_(fastener)" title="Nail (fastener)">nails</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lathekin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lathekin (page does not exist)">lathekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">mask</a>: dust mask or respirator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">metal files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patina" title="Patina">patinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_marker" title="Permanent marker">permanent marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plier" class="mw-redirect" title="Plier">pliers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Breaker-grozier_pliers" title="Breaker-grozier pliers">breaker-grozier</a>, combination, running</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glasses" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety glasses">safety glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">saw</a>: miter came saw, <a href="/wiki/Hacksaw" title="Hacksaw">hacksaw</a> or <a href="/wiki/Side_cutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Side cutter">side cutters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering_iron" title="Soldering iron">soldering iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">sponge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_knife" title="Utility knife">utility knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vise" title="Vise">vise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_brush" title="Wire brush">wire brush</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 872px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horseshoe_nails_for_lead_came_glasswork_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horseshoe nails for lead came glasswork"><img alt="Horseshoe nails for lead came glasswork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Horseshoe_nails_for_lead_came_glasswork_01.jpg/175px-Horseshoe_nails_for_lead_came_glasswork_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Horseshoe_nails_for_lead_came_glasswork_01.jpg/263px-Horseshoe_nails_for_lead_came_glasswork_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Horseshoe_nails_for_lead_came_glasswork_01.jpg/350px-Horseshoe_nails_for_lead_came_glasswork_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1138" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Horseshoe nails for lead came glasswork</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glazier_tools.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Glazier tools"><img alt="Glazier tools" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Glazier_tools.JPG/109px-Glazier_tools.JPG" decoding="async" width="109" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Glazier_tools.JPG/163px-Glazier_tools.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Glazier_tools.JPG/217px-Glazier_tools.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="3171" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glazier tools</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triple_blade_pattern_shears_for_glasswork_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Triple blade pattern shears for glasswork"><img alt="Triple blade pattern shears for glasswork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Triple_blade_pattern_shears_for_glasswork_02.jpg/175px-Triple_blade_pattern_shears_for_glasswork_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Triple_blade_pattern_shears_for_glasswork_02.jpg/263px-Triple_blade_pattern_shears_for_glasswork_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Triple_blade_pattern_shears_for_glasswork_02.jpg/350px-Triple_blade_pattern_shears_for_glasswork_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Triple blade pattern shears for glasswork</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Breaker-grozier-pliers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Breaker-grozier pliers"><img alt="Breaker-grozier pliers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Breaker-grozier-pliers.jpg/175px-Breaker-grozier-pliers.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Breaker-grozier-pliers.jpg/263px-Breaker-grozier-pliers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Breaker-grozier-pliers.jpg/350px-Breaker-grozier-pliers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Breaker-grozier pliers</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qamariya_Mosque" title="Qamariya Mosque">Qamariya Mosque</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flux is used during the soldering process to better disperse heat from the soldering iron, improve the soldering process and to clean. Care should be taken to avoid contact to the skin or inhalation of its fumes.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson14_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiting has two purposes. It is used to seal the glaze or cement. It is also used to clean residue off of the came and the project.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevenson14_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevenson14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shannon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shannon_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shannon_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002). <i>The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs</i>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 51. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X">1-895569-80-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shannon60-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shannon60_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002). <i>The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs</i>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 60. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X">1-895569-80-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiss, Daniel and Susan Chace. (editors). (1979). <i>Reader's Digest Crafts & Hobbies</i>. Reader's Digest. p. 114. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89577-063-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89577-063-6">0-89577-063-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smedley, J. et al. (1998). Back to the Roots: The Raw Materials, Glass Recipes and Glassmaking Practices of Theophilus. In: McCray, P. (ed). <i>The Prehistory and History of Ancient Glassmaking</i>. p. 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freestone, I. (1992). <i>Theophilus and the Composition of Medieval Glass, Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology III</i>. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Materials Research Society. p. 739.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevenson14-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson14_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson14_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, Christine. (2004). <i>Creative Stained Glass: Modern Designs & Simple Techniques</i>. Lark Books. p. 14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57990-487-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57990-487-4">1-57990-487-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shannon52-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shannon52_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002). <i>The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs</i>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 52. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X">1-895569-80-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berry10-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berry10_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry, Leigh Ann. (2003). <i>Basic Stained Glass Making: All the Skills and Tools You Need to Get Started</i>. Stackpole Books. p. 10. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8117-2846-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8117-2846-3">0-8117-2846-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOI-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DOI_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOI_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOI_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOI_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of Interior. (2004). <i>The Preservation of Historic Architecture: The U.S. Government's Official Guidelines for Preserving Historic Homes</i>. Lyons Press Series. Globe Pequot. p. 397. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59228-126-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59228-126-5">1-59228-126-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heinz-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heinz_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heinz_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinz, Thomas A. (September / October 1989). "Use & Repair of Zinc Cames in Art-Glass Windows." <i>Old House Journal</i>. pp. 35–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevenson12-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevenson12_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, Christine. (2004). <i>Creative Stained Glass: Modern Designs & Simple Techniques</i>. Lark Books. p. 12. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57990-487-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57990-487-4">1-57990-487-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002). <i>The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs</i>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 55-60. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X">1-895569-80-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isenberg, Anita and Seymour Isenberg. (2002). <i>How to Work in Beveled Glass: Forming, Designing, and Fabricating</i>. Dover Stained Glass Instruction Series. Courier Dover Publications. p. 21. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-42062-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-42062-0">0-486-42062-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patent349424A-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patent349424A_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="harv"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=USUS349424A">US patent US349424A</a>, S. BRAY, " Joining glass mosaics", issued September 21, 1886</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=US349424A&rft.cc=US&rft.title=%C2%A0Joining+glass+mosaics&rft.inventor=S.+BRAY&rft.date=September 21, 1886"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002). <i>The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs</i>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 52, 55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-895569-80-X">1-895569-80-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, Christine. (2004). <i>Creative Stained Glass: Modern Designs & Simple Techniques</i>. Lark Books. pp. 10–11. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57990-487-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57990-487-4">1-57990-487-4</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Came_glasswork&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Heinz, Thomas A. (September/October 1989). "Use & Repair of Zinc Cames in Art-Glass Windows". <i>Old House Journal</i>. pp. 35–38.</li> <li>Stained Glass Association of America (1992). <i>SGAA Reference & Technical Manual</i>. Second Edition. Lee's Summit, MO: The Stained Glass Association of America.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Restoration</dt></dl> <ul><li>Department of Interior (2004). <i>The Preservation of Historic Architecture: The U.S. Government's Official Guidelines for Preserving Historic Homes</i>. Lyons Press Series. Globe Pequot. pp. 397–403. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59228-126-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59228-126-5">1-59228-126-5</a>.</li> <li>The Census of Stained Glass Windows in America (1988). <i>The Conservation and Restoration of Stained Glass: An Owner's Guide</i>. Raleigh, NC: Stained Glass Associates.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_and_Irish_stained_glass" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_and_Irish_stained_glass" title="Template:British and Irish stained glass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_and_Irish_stained_glass" title="Template talk:British and Irish stained glass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_and_Irish_stained_glass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British and Irish stained glass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_and_Irish_stained_glass" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British and Irish stained glass</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_stained_glass_(1811%E2%80%931918)" title="British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)">British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass#History" title="Stained glass">History of stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_stained_glass" title="Medieval stained glass">Medieval stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Man%27s_Bible" title="Poor Man's Bible">Poor Man's Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_characteristics_of_European_cathedral_architecture" title="List of regional characteristics of European cathedral architecture">Regional characteristics of European cathedral architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Artistic movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aesthetic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblia_pauperum" title="Biblia pauperum">Biblia pauperum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Camden_Society" title="Cambridge Camden Society">Cambridge Camden Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Renaissance">Early Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoticism" title="Exoticism">Exoticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_House_(Fulham)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Glass House (Fulham)">The Glass House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Club" title="Hogarth Club">Hogarth Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Architectural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Loughborough_Pearson" title="John Loughborough Pearson">John Loughborough Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Thomson" title="Alexander Thomson">Alexander Thomson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Almquist" title="Carl Almquist">Carl Almquist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Carl_Almquist" title="List of works by Carl Almquist">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Liddall_Armitage" title="Edward Liddall Armitage">Edward Liddall Armitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Arnold" title="Hugh Arnold">Hugh Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Child" title="Alfred E. Child">Alfred E. Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chilton" title="Margaret Chilton">Margaret Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Clarke" title="Brian Clarke">Brian Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Clarke" title="Harry Clarke">Harry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Clokey" title="Walter Francis Clokey">Walter Francis Clokey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edmund_Clutterbuck" title="Charles Edmund Clutterbuck">Charles Edmund Clutterbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trena_Cox" title="Trena Cox">Trena Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Davis_(painter)" title="Louis Davis (painter)">Louis Davis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Louis_Davis" title="List of works by Louis Davis">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_de_Montmorency" title="Rachel de Montmorency">Rachel de Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Drury_(stained_glass_artist)" title="Alfred Drury (stained glass artist)">Alfred Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Esplin" title="Mabel Esplin">Mabel Esplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moira_Forsyth" title="Moira Forsyth">Moira Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Geddes" title="Wilhelmina Geddes">Wilhelmina Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Gray_(stained_glass_artist)" title="Jane Gray (stained glass artist)">Jane Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hallward" title="Reginald Hallward">Reginald Hallward</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Reginald_Hallward" title="List of works by Reginald Hallward">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hendrie" title="Herbert Hendrie">Herbert Hendrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Humphries_Hogan" title="James Humphries Hogan">James Humphries Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Hone" title="Evie Hone">Evie Hone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Howson" title="Joan Howson">Joan Howson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Townshend_and_Howson" title="List of works by Townshend and Howson">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holmes_Jewitt" title="Edward Holmes Jewitt">Edward Holmes Jewitt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Edward_Holmes_Jewitt" title="List of works by Edward Holmes Jewitt">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Kemp" title="Marjorie Kemp">Marjorie Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eamer_Kempe" title="Charles Eamer Kempe">Charles Eamer Kempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lowndes" title="Mary Lowndes">Mary Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_O%27Brien_(artist)" title="Catherine O'Brien (artist)">Catherine O’Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Parsons" title="Karl Parsons">Karl Parsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Karl_Parsons" title="List of works by Karl Parsons">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Payne_(artist)" title="Henry Payne (artist)">Henry Payne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Henry_Payne" title="List of works by Henry Payne">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Josephine_Pocock" title="Lilian Josephine Pocock">Lilian Josephine Pocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Piper_(artist)" title="John Piper (artist)">John Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pollen" title="Patrick Pollen">Patrick Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Purser" title="Sarah Purser">Sarah Purser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Rhind" title="Ethel Rhind">Ethel Rhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Wathen_Robinson" title="Arnold Wathen Robinson">Arnold Wathen Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Arnold_Wathen_Robinson" title="List of works by Arnold Wathen Robinson">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arild_Rosenkrantz" title="Arild Rosenkrantz">Arild Rosenkrantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Skeat" title="Francis Skeat">Francis Skeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Francis_Skeat" title="List of works by Francis Skeat">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Townshend" title="Caroline Townshend">Caroline Townshend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Townshend_and_Howson" title="List of works by Townshend and Howson">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Webb" title="Christopher Webb">Christopher Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Webb_(artist)" title="Geoffrey Webb (artist)">Geoffrey Webb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Geoffrey_Webb" title="List of works by Geoffrey Webb">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Westlake" title="Nathaniel Westlake">Nathaniel Westlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Whall" title="Christopher Whall">Christopher Whall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Christopher_Whall" title="List of works by Christopher Whall">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Whall" title="Veronica Whall">Veronica Whall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Veronica_Whall" title="List of works by Veronica Whall">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willement" title="Thomas Willement">Thomas Willement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilson_(artist)" title="William Wilson (artist)">William Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Woodroffe" title="Paul Woodroffe">Paul Woodroffe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Paul_Woodroffe" title="List of works by Paul Woodroffe">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Woore" title="Edward Woore">Edward Woore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Edward_Woore" title="List of works by Edward Woore">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_stained_glass_artists_and_manufacturers" title="Category:British stained glass artists and manufacturers">British stained-glass artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_stained_glass_artists_and_manufacturers" title="Category:Irish stained glass artists and manufacturers">Irish stained-glass artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Critics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Harrison_(curator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Harrison (curator)">Martin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_T%C3%BAr_Gloine" title="An Túr Gloine">An Túr Gloine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton,_Kinder_and_Alderson" title="Barton, Kinder and Alderson">Barton, Kinder and Alderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlison_and_Grylls" title="Burlison and Grylls">Burlison and Grylls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Clarke" title="Harry Clarke">Harry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_and_Bell" title="Clayton and Bell">Clayton and Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Clokey" title="Walter Francis Clokey">Walter Francis Clokey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cottier" title="Daniel Cottier">Daniel Cottier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardman_%26_Co." title="Hardman & Co.">John Hardman & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaton,_Butler_and_Bayne" title="Heaton, Butler and Bayne">Heaton, Butler and Bayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hincks_and_Burnell" title="Hincks and Burnell">Hincks and Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavers,_Barraud_and_Westlake" title="Lavers, Barraud and Westlake">Lavers, Barraud and Westlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_%26_Co." title="Morris & Co.">Morris & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Powell_and_Sons" title="James Powell and Sons">James Powell and Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrigley_and_Hunt" title="Shrigley and Hunt">Shrigley and Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wailes" title="William Wailes">William Wailes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warrington" title="William Warrington">William Warrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Examples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">Coventry Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairford_stained_glass" title="Fairford stained glass">Fairford stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Minster" title="York Minster">York Minster</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Four_Green_Fields" title="My Four Green Fields">My Four Green Fields</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">Fleur-de-lis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">Virtues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_glass" title="Architectural glass">Architectural glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_glass" title="Art glass">Art glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveled_glass" title="Beveled glass">Beveled glass</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Came glasswork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_glass" title="Cathedral glass">Cathedral glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curvilinear_coordinates" title="Curvilinear coordinates">Curvilinear coordinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_glass" title="Float glass">Float glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">Glass art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_beadmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass beadmaking">Glass beadmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">Glassblowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisaille" title="Grisaille">Grisaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancet_window" title="Lancet window">Lancet window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadlight" title="Leadlight">Leadlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandorla" title="Mandorla">Mandorla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullion" title="Mullion">Mullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontil">Pontil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">Quatrefoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_window" title="Rose window">Rose window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundel" title="Roundel">Roundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass_conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained glass conservation">Stained glass conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_glass" title="Studio glass">Studio glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracery" title="Tracery">Tracery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons:</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stained-glass_windows_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stained-glass windows in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stained-glass_windows_in_Ireland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stained-glass windows in Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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