CINXE.COM
Mediterranean and Middle East theatres of World War II - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mediterranean and Middle East theatres of World War II - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ad2fa14f-7b3b-4988-8bc7-58b2b5ce2a52","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II","wgTitle":"Mediterranean and Middle East theatres of World War II","wgCurRevisionId":9914717,"wgRevisionId":9914717,"wgArticleId":1000519,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["World War II","Israel","Palestine","Mandatory Palestine"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II","wgRelevantArticleId":1000519,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q696817","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG/1200px-WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="672"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG/800px-WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="448"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG/640px-WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="358"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mediterranean and Middle East theatres of World War II - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II rootpage-Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mediterranean+and+Middle+East+theatres+of+World+War+II" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mediterranean+and+Middle+East+theatres+of+World+War+II" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mediterranean+and+Middle+East+theatres+of+World+War+II" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mediterranean+and+Middle+East+theatres+of+World+War+II" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1940_-_1941" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940_-_1941"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1940 - 1941</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940_-_1941-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1942_-_1943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1942_-_1943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1942 - 1943</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1942_-_1943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944_-_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944_-_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1944 - 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944_-_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mediterranean and Middle East theatres of World War II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مسرح عمليات المتوسط والشرق الأوسط في الحرب العالمية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسرح عمليات المتوسط والشرق الأوسط في الحرب العالمية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frente_del_Mediterraneu_na_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Frente del Mediterraneu na Segunda Guerra Mundial – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Frente del Mediterraneu na Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%85%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%85%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Икенсе донъя һуғышының Урта диңгеҙ һәм Яҡын Көнсығыш хәрби хәрәкәттәр театры – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Икенсе донъя һуғышының Урта диңгеҙ һәм Яҡын Көнсығыш хәрби хәрәкәттәр театры" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E_%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Міжземнаморскі тэатр ваенных дзеянняў Другой сусветнай вайны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжземнаморскі тэатр ваенных дзеянняў Другой сусветнай вайны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Средиземноморски театър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Средиземноморски театър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escenaris_de_la_Mediterr%C3%A0nia,_l%27Orient_Mitj%C3%A0_i_l%27%C3%80frica_de_la_Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Escenaris de la Mediterrània, l'Orient Mitjà i l'Àfrica de la Segona Guerra Mundial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escenaris de la Mediterrània, l'Orient Mitjà i l'Àfrica de la Segona Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frente_del_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_la_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Frente del Mediterráneo en la Segunda Guerra Mundial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frente del Mediterráneo en la Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalfronto_de_Mediteraneo,_Proksima_Oriento_kaj_Afriko_(dua_mondmilito)" title="Batalfronto de Mediteraneo, Proksima Oriento kaj Afriko (dua mondmilito) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalfronto de Mediteraneo, Proksima Oriento kaj Afriko (dua mondmilito)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerrako_Mediterraneoko_eta_Ekialde_Hurbileko_frontea" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerrako Mediterraneoko eta Ekialde Hurbileko frontea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bigarren Mundu Gerrako Mediterraneoko eta Ekialde Hurbileko frontea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="جبهههای مدیترانه، خاورمیانه و آفریقا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جبهههای مدیترانه، خاورمیانه و آفریقا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagnes_d%27Afrique,_du_Moyen-Orient_et_de_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="Campagnes d'Afrique, du Moyen-Orient et de Méditerranée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Campagnes d'Afrique, du Moyen-Orient et de Méditerranée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%99_%EC%A0%84%EA%B5%AC" title="제2차 세계 대전의 지중해 및 중동 전구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 세계 대전의 지중해 및 중동 전구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Միջերկրածովյան և Մերձավորարևելյան ճակատների ռազմական գործողություններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջերկրածովյան և Մերձավորարևելյան ճակատների ռազմական գործողություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteransko_i_bliskoisto%C4%8Dno_boji%C5%A1te_(Drugi_svjetski_rat)" title="Mediteransko i bliskoistočno bojište (Drugi svjetski rat) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mediteransko i bliskoistočno bojište (Drugi svjetski rat)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Mediterania" title="Pertempuran Mediterania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Mediterania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_del_Mediterraneo_della_seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Teatro del Mediterraneo della seconda guerra mondiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teatro del Mediterraneo della seconda guerra mondiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="זירת הים התיכון במלחמת העולם השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זירת הים התיכון במלחמת העולם השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II_Kancah_Mediterranean_dan_Timur_Tengah" title="Perang Dunia II Kancah Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Dunia II Kancah Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%A6%E5%9F%9F_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6)" title="地中海戦域 (第二次世界大戦) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地中海戦域 (第二次世界大戦)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampania_%C5%9Br%C3%B3dziemnomorska" title="Kampania śródziemnomorska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kampania śródziemnomorska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frente_do_Mediterr%C3%A2neo_(Segunda_Guerra_Mundial)" title="Frente do Mediterrâneo (Segunda Guerra Mundial) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frente do Mediterrâneo (Segunda Guerra Mundial)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatrul_de_lupt%C4%83_din_Mediteran%C4%83_(Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)" title="Teatrul de luptă din Mediterană (Al Doilea Război Mondial) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teatrul de luptă din Mediterană (Al Doilea Război Mondial)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Средиземноморско-ближневосточный театр Второй мировой войны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Средиземноморско-ближневосточный театр Второй мировой войны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatri_i_Mesdheut_dhe_Lindjes_s%C3%AB_Mesme_n%C3%AB_Luft%C3%ABn_e_Dyt%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Teatri i Mesdheut dhe Lindjes së Mesme në Luftën e Dytë Botërore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Teatri i Mesdheut dhe Lindjes së Mesme në Luftën e Dytë Botërore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteranski_i_bliskoisto%C4%8Dni_front_Drugog_svetskog_rata" title="Mediteranski i bliskoistočni front Drugog svetskog rata – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mediteranski i bliskoistočni front Drugog svetskog rata" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4limeren,_L%C3%A4hi-id%C3%A4n_ja_Afrikan_sotatoimialue_toisessa_maailmansodassa" title="Välimeren, Lähi-idän ja Afrikan sotatoimialue toisessa maailmansodassa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Välimeren, Lähi-idän ja Afrikan sotatoimialue toisessa maailmansodassa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நடுநிலக்கடல், மத்திய கிழக்கு மற்றும் ஆப்பிரிக்க களம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடுநிலக்கடல், மத்திய கிழக்கு மற்றும் ஆப்பிரிக்க களம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เขตสงครามเมดิเตอร์เรเนียนและตะวันออกกลางในสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตสงครามเมดิเตอร์เรเนียนและตะวันออกกลางในสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1%27n%C4%B1n_Akdeniz_ve_Orta_Do%C4%9Fu_askeri_sahalar%C4%B1" title="İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın Akdeniz ve Orta Doğu askeri sahaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın Akdeniz ve Orta Doğu askeri sahaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Середземноморський, Близькосхідний і Африканський театри воєнних дій Другої світової війни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Середземноморський, Близькосхідний і Африканський театри воєнних дій Другої світової війни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_Trung_H%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%A0_Trung_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_(Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_th%E1%BB%A9_hai)" title="Chiến trường Địa Trung Hải và Trung Đông (Thế chiến thứ hai) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến trường Địa Trung Hải và Trung Đông (Thế chiến thứ hai)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4" title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二次世界大戰地中海、中東及非洲戰場" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q696817#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion about the content page (not yet started) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&oldid=9914717" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&id=9914717&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mediterranean+and+Middle+East+theatres+of+World+War+II"><span>Make a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Page for printing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mediterranean,_Middle_Eastern_and_African_theatre_of_World_War_II" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q696817" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7427050">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}</style><div class="mw-stack desktop-float-right"><div style="overflow:hidden;margin:1px"><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Mediterranean and Middle East theatre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of The <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG/220px-WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG/330px-WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG/440px-WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><br />Mediterranean in 1941</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>10 June 1940 - 25 May 1945<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>'nb' 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (from 1941) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a> (1940-1944) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">PGFR</a> (1944-1945) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (from 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (April. 1941) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> (from July 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/45px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/LAN%C3%87" class="mw-redirect" title="LANÇ">LANÇ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a> (from 1941) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_South" title="Kingdom of the South">Italy</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from 1943</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(<a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">and others</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">until 1943</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from 1943</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hungary"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Romania"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></span> (until 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Bulgaria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></span> (1941-1944) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><hr /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> (until 1942) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Iraq"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></span> (1941) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Iran"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/46px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a></span> (1941) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(<a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">and others</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" title="Death by natural causes">#</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France"><img alt="Free France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic"><img alt="Provisional Government of the French Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece"><img alt="Kingdom of Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" title="George II of Greece">George II</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy"><img alt="Fascist Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic"><img alt="Italian Social Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>  <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Death of Adolf Hitler"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)"><img alt="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Miklós Horthy</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>'nb' 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria"><img alt="Kingdom of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boris_III_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris III of Bulgaria">Boris III</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" title="Death by natural causes">#</a><hr /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France"><img alt="Vichy France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>'nb' 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="overflow:hidden;margin:1px"><div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Campaigns_of_World_War_II" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Template:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Campaignbox_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Campaignbox World War II (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_World_War_II&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campaigns_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Campaigns of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finland_in_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finland in World War II (not yet started)">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapland War (not yet started)">Lapland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)#1944–1945:_The_Second_Front" title="Western Front (World War II)">1944–1945</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkans campaign (World War II) (not yet started)">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific War (not yet started)">Asia-Pacific</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II (not yet started)">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II (not yet started)">South West Pacific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Thai_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Thai War (not yet started)">Franco-Thai War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II (not yet started)">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burma campaign (not yet started)">Burma and India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan campaign (not yet started)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet–Japanese War (not yet started)">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts (not yet started)">pre-war border conflicts</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East African campaign (World War II) (not yet started)">East Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriatic_campaign_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriatic campaign of World War II (not yet started)">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Malta (World War II) (not yet started)">Malta</a></li> <li>Middle East <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Iraqi_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Iraqi War (not yet started)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign (not yet started)">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran (not yet started)">Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecanese_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecanese campaign (not yet started)">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Dragoon (not yet started)">Southern France</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other campaigns</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Theater_(World_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Theater (World War II) (not yet started)">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarctica_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarctica during World War II (not yet started)">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arctic naval operations of World War II (not yet started)">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic bombing during World War II (not yet started)">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French West Africa in World War II (not yet started)">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Ocean in World War II (not yet started)">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Madagascar (not yet started)">Madagascar</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Coups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav coup d'état (not yet started)">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état (not yet started)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy (not yet started)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état (not yet started)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état (not yet started)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Panzerfaust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Panzerfaust (not yet started)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina (not yet started)">French Indochina</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Mediterranean and Middle East Theatres of World War II,</b> were major <a href="/wiki/Theatre_(warfare)#Theatre_of_operations" title="Theatre (warfare)">theatres of operations</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940_-_1941">1940 - 1941</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: 1940 - 1941" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: 1940 - 1941"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the 10th of June 1940, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> (the dictator of <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy">italy</a>), declared war on <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> who at that time <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">was at war with Germany</a>, but France would surrender to the axis powers and a German puppet known as <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> was established. </p><p>In exile, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a>, an allied government-in-exile part of the allied powers against Germany, </p><p>Mussolini decided to invade <a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a>, and succeeded. He then invaded <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a>, and it did not succeed. After this, Mussolini attempted to invade <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>, but it failed. When 1941 began, British and commonwealth forces invaded <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a>, and that would succeed. </p><p>Meanwhile <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">joined the axis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> joined to, but a coup had overthrown the government, so <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a> invaded Yugoslavia, and in 10-20 days, Yugoslavia and Greece surrendered. There was resistance all over Yugoslavia and Greece, the British had sent more troops from Egypt and Greece, so axis forces moved deeper into Egyptian territory, but an Australian force at <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>, prevented supplies from reaching the axis army’s. </p><p>Iraq set up an axis government, so British and commonwealth forces invaded Iraq, they also invaded Vichy french-controlled <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. </p><p>On the 22nd of June 1941, Germany invaded the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, in what was known as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>. The British made a supply line to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">eastern front</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (a country in the supply line) supported the axis, so Anglo-Soviet forces invaded Iran. </p><p>On the 7th of December 1941, <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Japan bombed pearl harbour</a>, which would bring the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in to the war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1942_-_1943">1942 - 1943</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: 1942 - 1943" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: 1942 - 1943"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Egypt, the axis forces were pushed back, then the allied forces were pushed back, then after a battle at <a href="/wiki/El_Alamein" title="El Alamein">El Alamein</a>, allied forces and new American forces landing in <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">Algeria</a> pushed the axis forces out of africa, and <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> was invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">axis powers</a>. </p><p>On the 9th of July 1943, <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">allied forces invaded sicily</a>, they would reach the main land in September, meanwhile, Mussolini was ousted from power and Italy surrendered on the 8th of September, and German forces in Italy occupied Italy and established the German puppet state the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War_and_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Civil War and Campaign (World War II)">italian civil war</a> began. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1944_-_1945">1944 - 1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: 1944 - 1945" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: 1944 - 1945"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the 17th of January 1944, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">the battle of Monte Cassino</a> began, and it would last for 4 months with Rome liberated in June, the allies would march up the Italian mainland, in august, allied forces landed in southern france, meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> changed sides on the 24 of August as well as <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> on the 8th of September. </p><p>on the 30th soviet soldiers would cross into <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, helping the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">partisans</a> liberating yugoslavia, in October, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> landed in southern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> to liberate the country from occupation, meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_partisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian partisans">Albanian partisans</a> liberated Albania in November and formed a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Government_of_Albania" title="Democratic Government of Albania">provisional government</a>. </p><p>In April 1945, <a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Allied forces advanced into Italian territory</a>, Mussolini tried to escape to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, but he was caught by <a href="/wiki/Italian_partisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian partisans">Italian partisans</a> and was executed on the 28th, two days later, <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> committed suicide to prevent being caught by <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">the soviet army</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">surrounding berlin</a>, on the 2nd of may, axis forces in Italy surrendered, and on the 8th, Germany would surrender, ending World War II in the Mediterranean and Middle East. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> unconditionally surrendered on 8 May 1945 but <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a> still fought until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a> on 25 May.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">until 1944 when a pro-axis coup (Operation Panzerfaust) removed Horthy from power.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">untill 1944 when <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">France was liberated</a>.</span> </li> </ol> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">the Soviets were involved liberating Yugoslavia in what is called the Belgrade offensive.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">in November 1943, the partisans formed the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a>. And then in March 1945, the partisans were formed in to the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> and also formed a coalition government with the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">hungary was involved in the 1941 axis invasion of Yugoslavia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">romania was involved in operation Achse, an operation to disarm Italian soldiers after Italy surrendered to the allies.</span> </li> </ol><div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Template:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine (not yet started)">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman Syria (not yet started)">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Syrian_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Syrian War (not yet started)">Franco-Syrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign (not yet started)">Sinai and Palestine campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tel_Hai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tel Hai (not yet started)">Battle of Tel Hai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_Nebi_Musa_riots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 Nebi Musa riots (not yet started)">1920 Nebi Musa riots</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaffa_riots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaffa riots (not yet started)">Jaffa riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hand_(Mandatory_Palestine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Hand (Mandatory Palestine) (not yet started)">Black Hand</a> insurgency (1930–1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Palestine_riots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Palestine riots (not yet started)">1933 Palestine riots</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine (not yet started)">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">During World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Atlas_(Mandatory_Palestine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Atlas (Mandatory Palestine) (not yet started)">Operation Atlas (Mandatory Palestine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine (not yet started)">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Saison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Saison (not yet started)">The Saison</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine (not yet started)">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_high_commissioners_for_Palestine_and_Transjordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of high commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan (not yet started)">British commissioner</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinians">Arab Palestinians</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Higher_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Higher Committee (not yet started)">Arab Higher Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yishuv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yishuv (not yet started)">Jewish Palestinians</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Agency_for_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish Agency for Israel (not yet started)">Jewish Agency for Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Templer_colonies_in_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Templer colonies in Palestine (not yet started)">German Templar community</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazi_Party_in_Mandatory_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazi Party in Mandatory Palestine (not yet started)">Nazi Party in Mandatory Palestine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Louis_Samuel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Louis Samuel (not yet started)">Herbert Louis Samuel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Jewish Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian nationalism (not yet started)">Arab Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amin_al-Husseini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amin al-Husseini (not yet started)">Amin al-Husseini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Gotthilf_Wagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assassination of Gotthilf Wagner (not yet started)">Gotthilf Wagner</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine (not yet started)">Category:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐74f675c4bb‐7956d Cached time: 20241130111421 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.236 seconds Real time usage: 0.360 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3771/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 87591/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11070/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8881/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.062/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1555496/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 243.288 1 -total 92.94% 226.121 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict 43.04% 104.701 2 Template:Collapsible_list 22.35% 54.371 11 Template:Flag 20.67% 50.297 1 Template:WWIITheatre 19.90% 48.405 1 Template:Campaignbox 19.12% 46.528 1 Template:Military_navigation 12.89% 31.353 14 Template:Flagicon 8.58% 20.869 2 Template:Country_data_Nazi_Germany 8.03% 19.536 2 Template:Flagdeco --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key simplewiki:pcache:idhash:1000519-0!canonical and timestamp 20241130111432 and revision id 9914717. Rendering was triggered because: edit-page --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&oldid=9914717">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&oldid=9914717</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israel" title="Category:Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestine" title="Category:Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mandatory_Palestine" title="Category:Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 30 November 2024, at 11:14.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-b7ngf","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.236","walltime":"0.360","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3771,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":87591,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11070,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":8881,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 243.288 1 -total"," 92.94% 226.121 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 43.04% 104.701 2 Template:Collapsible_list"," 22.35% 54.371 11 Template:Flag"," 20.67% 50.297 1 Template:WWIITheatre"," 19.90% 48.405 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 19.12% 46.528 1 Template:Military_navigation"," 12.89% 31.353 14 Template:Flagicon"," 8.58% 20.869 2 Template:Country_data_Nazi_Germany"," 8.03% 19.536 2 Template:Flagdeco"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.062","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1555496,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-74f675c4bb-7956d","timestamp":"20241130111421","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mediterranean and Middle East theatres of World War II","url":"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatres_of_World_War_II","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q696817","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q696817","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-03-15T12:22:18Z","dateModified":"2024-11-30T11:14:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/25\/WWII-Mediterranean-Blank.PNG","headline":"major theatre of operations during the Second World War"}</script> </body> </html>