CINXE.COM
Immigration to the United States - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Immigration to the United States - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cbf280bd-a2a4-420e-8f78-0ce222d53db1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Immigration_to_the_United_States","wgTitle":"Immigration to the United States","wgCurRevisionId":1256042969,"wgRevisionId":1256042969,"wgArticleId":15051,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Graph extension","Pages with disabled graphs","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 errors: missing periodical","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from July 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use American English from March 2015", "All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from August 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2010","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles that may contain original research","Articles that may contain original research from July 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018","All articles with lists with data missing","Data missing from November 2023","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from July 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022","Articles to be expanded from October 2023","All articles to be expanded","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","Immigration to the United States","Culture of the United States","Demographics of the United States"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Immigration_to_the_United_States","wgRelevantArticleId":15051,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":400000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1309633","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg/1200px-USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1851"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg/800px-USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1234"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg/640px-USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="987"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Immigration to the United States - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Immigration_to_the_United_States rootpage-Immigration_to_the_United_States skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Immigration+to+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Immigration+to+the+United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Immigration+to+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Immigration+to+the+United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1790" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1790"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Origins of immigrant stock in 1790</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1790-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_United_States_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_United_States_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early United States era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_United_States_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exclusion_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exclusion_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Exclusion Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exclusion_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1920" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1920"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Origins of immigrant stock in 1920</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1920-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_1965" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_1965"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Since 1965</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_1965-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_reform_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_reform_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Modern reform attempts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_reform_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trump_administration_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trump_administration_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Trump administration policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trump_administration_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biden_administration_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biden_administration_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Biden administration policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biden_administration_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Border_Security_and_Asylum_Reform_in_the_Emergency_National_Security_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_Security_and_Asylum_Reform_in_the_Emergency_National_Security_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Border Security and Asylum Reform in the Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_Security_and_Asylum_Reform_in_the_Emergency_National_Security_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_the_U.S._immigrant_population,_1960–2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_the_U.S._immigrant_population,_1960–2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Origins of the U.S. immigrant population, 1960–2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_the_U.S._immigrant_population,_1960–2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contemporary immigration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_immigration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary immigration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origin countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Charts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extent_and_destinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extent_and_destinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Extent and destinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extent_and_destinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_of_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effects of immigration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects_of_immigration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effects of immigration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Economic impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Public opinion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public opinion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Religious responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legal issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Immigration in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Immigration_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Immigration in popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Immigration_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immigration_in_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_in_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Immigration in literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_in_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentary_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Documentary films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overall_approach_to_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall_approach_to_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Overall approach to regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall_approach_to_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surveys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surveys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Surveys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surveys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Before_1920" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_1920"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Before 1920</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_1920-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent:_post_1965" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent:_post_1965"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Recent: post 1965</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent:_post_1965-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Immigration policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Current immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_impact_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Economic impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration to the United States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="هجرة إلى الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجرة إلى الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E-y%C9%99_immiqrasiya" title="ABŞ-yə immiqrasiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ-yə immiqrasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einwanderung_in_die_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Einwanderung in die Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einwanderung in die Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_en_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Inmigración en los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inmigración en los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmigrado_en_Usonon" title="Enmigrado en Usonon – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enmigrado en Usonon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مهاجرت به ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهاجرت به ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Immigration aux États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Immigration aux États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%BC" title="미국으로의 이민 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국으로의 이민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A9_%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86" title="Ներգաղթ ԱՄՆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ներգաղթ ԱՄՆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imigrasi_ke_Amerika_Serikat" title="Imigrasi ke Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imigrasi ke Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrazione_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Immigrazione negli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Immigrazione negli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הגירה לארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הגירה לארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_immigratie_in_de_19e_eeuw" title="Amerikaanse immigratie in de 19e eeuw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse immigratie in de 19e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="アメリカ合衆国への移民 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国への移民" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innvandring_til_USA" title="Innvandring til USA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Innvandring til USA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlarga_immigratsiya" title="Qoʻshma Shtatlarga immigratsiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoʻshma Shtatlarga immigratsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imigracja_do_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Imigracja do Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imigracja do Stanów Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_nos_Estados_Unidos" title="Imigração nos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Imigração nos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Иммиграция в США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иммиграция в США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%95%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Америкаҕа көһүү – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Америкаҕа көһүү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirtolaisuus_Yhdysvaltoihin" title="Siirtolaisuus Yhdysvaltoihin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siirtolaisuus Yhdysvaltoihin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="การอพยพสู่สหรัฐอเมริกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การอพยพสู่สหรัฐอเมริกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="ریاستہائے متحدہ میں امیگریشن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستہائے متحدہ میں امیگریشن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADp_c%C6%B0_v%C3%A0o_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Nhập cư vào Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhập cư vào Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1309633#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Immigration_to_the_United_States" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=edit" title="This page is protected. You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Immigration_to_the_United_States" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&oldid=1256042969" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Immigration_to_the_United_States&id=1256042969&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FImmigration_to_the_United_States"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FImmigration_to_the_United_States"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Immigration_in_the_United_States" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Immigration_to_the_United_States" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1309633" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-color:grey;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">United States citizenship and immigration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Immigration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Immigration to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Immigration policy of the United States">Immigration policy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Effects of immigration to the United States">Effects of immigration to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">Permanent Residency (Green Card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Refugees and asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_Immigrant_Visa" title="Diversity Immigrant Visa">Diversity Immigrant Visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigrants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Americans_from_the_United_States" title="Deportation of Americans from the United States">Deportation of Americans from the United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Citizenship</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(United_States)" title="Oath of Allegiance (United States)">Oath of Allegiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States" title="Birthright citizenship in the United States">Birthright citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">U.S. citizens / nationals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civics_Test" title="American Civics Test">Citizenship test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_passport" title="United States passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relinquishment_of_United_States_nationality" title="Relinquishment of United States nationality">Relinquishment of nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_citizenship_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary citizenship of the United States">Honorary citizenship</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Agencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">USCIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Legislation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States nationality law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_in_the_American_Colonies" title="Nationality law in the American Colonies">Colonial nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act of 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866" title="Civil Rights Act of 1866">Civil Rights Act of 1866</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wong_Kim_Ark" title="United States v. Wong Kim Ark">United States v. Wong Kim Ark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act" title="Indian Citizenship Act">Indian Citizenship Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act of 1940</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Relevant legislation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Clause" title="Citizenship Clause">Citizenship Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Citizenship_Act_of_2000" title="Child Citizenship Act of 2000">Child Citizenship Act of 2000</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_citizenship_and_immigration" title="Template:US citizenship and immigration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:US_citizenship_and_immigration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:US citizenship and immigration (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_citizenship_and_immigration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US citizenship and immigration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg/220px-USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg/330px-USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg/440px-USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="2041" /></a><figcaption>A welcome notice to new immigrants</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L-15-12-22-A-036_(23914007905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/L-15-12-22-A-036_%2823914007905%29.jpg/220px-L-15-12-22-A-036_%2823914007905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/L-15-12-22-A-036_%2823914007905%29.jpg/330px-L-15-12-22-A-036_%2823914007905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/L-15-12-22-A-036_%2823914007905%29.jpg/440px-L-15-12-22-A-036_%2823914007905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Naturalization ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Oakton_High_School" title="Oakton High School">Oakton High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, December 2015</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naturalization_Ceremony_Grand_Canyon_20100923mq_0555_(5021872334).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Naturalization_Ceremony_Grand_Canyon_20100923mq_0555_%285021872334%29.jpg/220px-Naturalization_Ceremony_Grand_Canyon_20100923mq_0555_%285021872334%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Naturalization_Ceremony_Grand_Canyon_20100923mq_0555_%285021872334%29.jpg/330px-Naturalization_Ceremony_Grand_Canyon_20100923mq_0555_%285021872334%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Naturalization_Ceremony_Grand_Canyon_20100923mq_0555_%285021872334%29.jpg/440px-Naturalization_Ceremony_Grand_Canyon_20100923mq_0555_%285021872334%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Immigrants to the United States take the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(United_States)" title="Oath of Allegiance (United States)">Oath of Allegiance</a> at a naturalization ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, September 2010.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population-growth-rate-with-and-without-migration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Population-growth-rate-with-and-without-migration.png/220px-Population-growth-rate-with-and-without-migration.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Population-growth-rate-with-and-without-migration.png/330px-Population-growth-rate-with-and-without-migration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Population-growth-rate-with-and-without-migration.png/440px-Population-growth-rate-with-and-without-migration.png 2x" data-file-width="3197" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>Population growth rate with and without migration in the U.S.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Immigration to the United States</b> has been a major source of <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">cultural change</a> throughout much of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">its history</a>. In absolute numbers, the United States has by far the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population">number of immigrants</a> in the world, with 50,661,149 people as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-UNdef_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNdef-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This represents 19.1% of the 244 million international migrants worldwide, and 14.4% of the United States' population. In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and <a href="/wiki/Second-generation_immigrants_in_the_United_States" title="Second-generation immigrants in the United States">U.S.-born children of immigrants</a> in the United States, accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2016 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, the United States admitted a total of 1.18 million legal immigrants (618k new arrivals, 565k status adjustments) in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-2016Yearbook_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016Yearbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, 48% were the immediate relatives of <a href="/wiki/United_States_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="United States citizen">United States citizens</a>, 20% were family-sponsored, 13% were <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> or <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seekers</a>, 12% were employment-based preferences, 4.2% were part of the <a href="/wiki/Diversity_Immigrant_Visa" title="Diversity Immigrant Visa">Diversity Immigrant Visa</a> program, 1.4% were victims of a crime (U1) or their family members were (U2 to U5),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1.0% who were granted the <a href="/wiki/Special_Immigrant_Visa" title="Special Immigrant Visa">Special Immigrant Visa</a> (SIV) for Iraqis and Afghans employed by the United States Government.<sup id="cite_ref-2016Yearbook_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016Yearbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining 0.4% included small numbers from several other categories, including 0.2% who were granted suspension of deportation as an immediate relative of a citizen (Z13);<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> persons admitted under the <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_and_Central_American_Relief_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaraguan and Central American Relief Act">Nicaraguan and Central American Relief Act</a>; children born after the issuance of a parent's visa; and certain <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parolees</a> from the former Soviet Union, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam who were denied refugee status.<sup id="cite_ref-2016Yearbook_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016Yearbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1921 and 1965, policies such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">national origins formula</a> limited immigration and <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalization</a> opportunities for people from areas outside <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern Europe</a>. Exclusion laws enacted as early as the 1880s generally prohibited or severely restricted immigration from Asia, and quota laws enacted in the 1920s curtailed Southern and Eastern European immigration. The <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">replacement</a><sup id="cite_ref-american-gatekeeping_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-american-gatekeeping-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of these ethnic quotas with per-country limits for family-sponsored and employment-based preference visas.<sup id="cite_ref-per-country_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-per-country-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1970 and 2007, the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States quadrupled from 9.6 million to 38.1 million residents.<sup id="cite_ref-migrationinformation_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-migrationinformation-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Census estimates show 45.3 million foreign born residents in the United States as of March 2018 and 45.4 million in September 2021, the lowest three-year increase in decades.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful permanent residents, 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents, and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-KeyFindings_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeyFindings-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States led the world in <a href="/wiki/Refugee_resettlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugee resettlement">refugee resettlement</a> for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined.<sup id="cite_ref-PewRefugees_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PewRefugees-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some research suggests that immigration is beneficial to the United States economy. With few exceptions, the evidence suggests that on average, immigration has positive economic effects on the native population, but it is mixed as to whether low-skilled immigration adversely affects low-skilled natives. Studies also show that immigrants have lower crime rates than natives in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-NASEM-2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASEM-2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-doleac_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doleac-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crimearticles_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crimearticles-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding such issues as maintaining <a href="/wiki/American_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="American ethnicity">ethnic homogeneity</a>, workers for employers versus jobs for non-immigrants, settlement patterns, impact on upward <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_mobility_in_the_United_States" title="Socioeconomic mobility in the United States">social mobility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">crime</a>, and voting behavior. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="History of immigration to the United States">History of immigration to the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/European_immigration_to_the_Americas" title="European immigration to the Americas">European immigration to the Americas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png/220px-Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png/330px-Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png/440px-Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption>An 1887 illustration of immigrants on an ocean steamer passing the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a></figcaption></figure> <p>American immigration history can be viewed in four epochs: the colonial period, the mid-19th century, the start of the 20th century, and post-1965. Each period brought distinct national groups, races, and ethnicities to the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3></div> <p>During the 17th century, approximately 400,000 <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a> migrated to America <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">under European colonization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-virtualjamestown_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virtualjamestown-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They comprised 83.5% of the white population at the time of the first census in 1790.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1700 to 1775, between 350,000 and 500,000 Europeans immigrated: estimates vary in sources. Regarding English settlers of the 18th century, one source says 52,000 English migrated during the period of 1701 to 1775, although this figure is likely too low.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 400,000–450,000 of the 18th-century migrants were <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scots-Irish</a> from Ulster, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">French Huguenots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over half of all European immigrants to Colonial America during the 17th and 18th centuries arrived as <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured servant">indentured servants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mertsahinoglu_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mertsahinoglu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They numbered 350,000.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1770 to 1775 (the latter year being when the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> began), 7,000 English, 15,000 Scots, 13,200 Scots-Irish, 5,200 Germans, and 3,900 <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholics" title="Irish Catholics">Irish Catholics</a> migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Butler (2000), up to half of English migrants in the 18th century may have been young, single men who were well-skilled, trained artisans, like the Huguenots.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on scholarly analysis, <i>English</i> was the largest single ancestry in all U.S. states at the time of the first census in 1790, ranging from a high of 82% in Massachusetts to a low of 35.3% in Pennsylvania, where Germans accounted for 33.3%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1790">Origins of immigrant stock in 1790</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a> published preliminary estimates of the origins of the colonial American population by scholarly classification of the names of all <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> heads of families recorded in the <a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790 census</a> in a 1909 report entitled <i>A Century of Population Growth</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CPG1909_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPG1909-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These initial estimates were scrutinized and rejected following passage of the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a>, when the government required accurate official estimates of the origins of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">colonial stock</a> population as basis for computing <a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a> immigration quotas in the 1920s. In 1927, proposed quotas based on CPG figures were rejected by the President's Committee chaired by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretaries of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Commerce</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Labor</a>, with the President reporting to Congress "the statistical and historical information available raises grave doubts as to the whole value of these computations as the basis for the purposes intended".<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concluding that CPG "had not been accepted by scholars as better than a first approximation of the truth", an extensive scientific revision was produced, in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/American_Council_of_Learned_Societies" title="American Council of Learned Societies">American Council of Learned Societies</a> (ACLS), as basis for computing contemporary legal immigration quotas.<sup id="cite_ref-trends_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trends-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this task scholars estimated the proportion of names of unique derivation from each of the major national stocks present in the population as of the 1790 census. The final results, later also published in the journal of the <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a>, are presented below:<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Estimated Nationalities of the <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White American</a> population in the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Continental United States</a> as of the <a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790 Census</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/23px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/35px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/46px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">State or Territory</th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales"><img alt="Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Wales_%281959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales_%281959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Wales_%281959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales_%281959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Wales_%281959%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wales_%281959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Scotland_%281542%E2%80%932003%2C_sky_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland_%281542%E2%80%932003%2C_sky_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Scotland_%281542%E2%80%932003%2C_sky_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland_%281542%E2%80%932003%2C_sky_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Scotland_%281542%E2%80%932003%2C_sky_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland_%281542%E2%80%932003%2C_sky_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scotch</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland"><img alt="Northern Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/23px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/35px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/46px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland"><img alt="Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/45px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/23px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/35px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/45px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Finland_%281918%E2%80%931920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland_%281918%E2%80%931920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Finland_%281918%E2%80%931920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland_%281918%E2%80%931920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Finland_%281918%E2%80%931920%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland_%281918%E2%80%931920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">Other</th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">Total </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;">% </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005155598000000000♠">155,598</span> </td> <td align="right">67.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003510900000000000♠">5,109</span> </td> <td align="right">2.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003418000000000000♠">4,180</span> </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003255500000000000♠">2,555</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002697000000000000♠">697</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002600000000000000♠">600</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003210000000000000♠">2,100</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001250000000000000♠">25</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004613720000000000♠">61,372</span> </td> <td align="right">26.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005232236000000000♠">232,236</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/23px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/35px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/45px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004277860000000000♠">27,786</span> </td> <td align="right">60.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003370500000000000♠">3,705</span> </td> <td align="right">8.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003291800000000000♠">2,918</span> </td> <td align="right">6.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003250100000000000♠">2,501</span> </td> <td align="right">5.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002509000000000000♠">509</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003200000000000000♠">2,000</span> </td> <td align="right">4.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002750000000000000♠">750</span> </td> <td align="right">1.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003410000000000000♠">4,100</span> </td> <td align="right">8.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003204100000000000♠">2,041</span> </td> <td align="right">4.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004463100000000000♠">46,310</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Georgia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004303570000000000♠">30,357</span> </td> <td align="right">57.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003819700000000000♠">8,197</span> </td> <td align="right">15.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003608200000000000♠">6,082</span> </td> <td align="right">11.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003201000000000000♠">2,010</span> </td> <td align="right">3.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003401900000000000♠">4,019</span> </td> <td align="right">7.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠">100</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003120000000000000♠">1,200</span> </td> <td align="right">2.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002300000000000000♠">300</span> </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002621000000000000♠">621</span> </td> <td align="right">1.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004528860000000000♠">52,886</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> & <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004538740000000000♠">53,874</span> </td> <td align="right">57.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003930500000000000♠">9,305</span> </td> <td align="right">10.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003651300000000000♠">6,513</span> </td> <td align="right">7.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003483800000000000♠">4,838</span> </td> <td align="right">5.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004130260000000000♠">13,026</span> </td> <td align="right">14.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003120000000000000♠">1,200</span> </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003200000000000000♠">2,000</span> </td> <td align="right">2.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002500000000000000♠">500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003179000000000000♠">1,790</span> </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004930460000000000♠">93,046</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/19px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/29px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/38px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004576640000000000♠">57,664</span> </td> <td align="right">60.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003432500000000000♠">4,325</span> </td> <td align="right">4.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003768900000000000♠">7,689</span> </td> <td align="right">8.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003355600000000000♠">3,556</span> </td> <td align="right">3.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003124900000000000♠">1,249</span> </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠">100</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003120000000000000♠">1,200</span> </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004203240000000000♠">20,324</span> </td> <td align="right">21.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004961070000000000♠">96,107</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> & <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/23px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/35px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/46px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005134579000000000♠">134,579</span> </td> <td align="right">64.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004158570000000000♠">15,857</span> </td> <td align="right">7.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004121020000000000♠">12,102</span> </td> <td align="right">5.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004135620000000000♠">13,562</span> </td> <td align="right">6.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004244120000000000♠">24,412</span> </td> <td align="right">11.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠">1,000</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003250000000000000♠">2,500</span> </td> <td align="right">1.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002950000000000000♠">950</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003368700000000000♠">3,687</span> </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005208649000000000♠">208,649</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005306013000000000♠">306,013</span> </td> <td align="right">82.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004164200000000000♠">16,420</span> </td> <td align="right">4.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003970300000000000♠">9,703</span> </td> <td align="right">2.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003485100000000000♠">4,851</span> </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003112000000000000♠">1,120</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002600000000000000♠">600</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003300000000000000♠">3,000</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001750000000000000♠">75</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004314050000000000♠">31,405</span> </td> <td align="right">8.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005373187000000000♠">373,187</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004860780000000000♠">86,078</span> </td> <td align="right">61.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003874900000000000♠">8,749</span> </td> <td align="right">6.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003649100000000000♠">6,491</span> </td> <td align="right">4.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003409200000000000♠">4,092</span> </td> <td align="right">2.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002564000000000000♠">564</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠">100</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠">1,000</span> </td> <td align="right">0.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004340380000000000♠">34,038</span> </td> <td align="right">24.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005141112000000000♠">141,112</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004798780000000000♠">79,878</span> </td> <td align="right">47.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004130870000000000♠">13,087</span> </td> <td align="right">7.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004107070000000000♠">10,707</span> </td> <td align="right">6.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003543900000000000♠">5,439</span> </td> <td align="right">3.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004156360000000000♠">15,636</span> </td> <td align="right">9.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004282500000000000♠">28,250</span> </td> <td align="right">16.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003400000000000000♠">4,000</span> </td> <td align="right">2.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003665000000000000♠">6,650</span> </td> <td align="right">3.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003630700000000000♠">6,307</span> </td> <td align="right">3.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005169954000000000♠">169,954</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="New York"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_New_York_%281896%E2%80%931901%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York_%281896%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_New_York_%281896%E2%80%931901%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York_%281896%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_New_York_%281896%E2%80%931901%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York_%281896%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005163470000000000♠">163,470</span> </td> <td align="right">52.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004220060000000000♠">22,006</span> </td> <td align="right">7.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004160330000000000♠">16,033</span> </td> <td align="right">5.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003943100000000000♠">9,431</span> </td> <td align="right">3.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004257780000000000♠">25,778</span> </td> <td align="right">8.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004550000000000000♠">55,000</span> </td> <td align="right">17.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004120000000000000♠">12,000</span> </td> <td align="right">3.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003150000000000000♠">1,500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003914800000000000♠">9,148</span> </td> <td align="right">2.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005314366000000000♠">314,366</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005190860000000000♠">190,860</span> </td> <td align="right">66.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004427990000000000♠">42,799</span> </td> <td align="right">14.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004164830000000000♠">16,483</span> </td> <td align="right">5.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004156160000000000♠">15,616</span> </td> <td align="right">5.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004135920000000000♠">13,592</span> </td> <td align="right">4.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002800000000000000♠">800</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003480000000000000♠">4,800</span> </td> <td align="right">1.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002700000000000000♠">700</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003353100000000000♠">3,531</span> </td> <td align="right">1.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005289181000000000♠">289,181</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005149451000000000♠">149,451</span> </td> <td align="right">35.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004364100000000000♠">36,410</span> </td> <td align="right">8.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004465710000000000♠">46,571</span> </td> <td align="right">11.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004148180000000000♠">14,818</span> </td> <td align="right">3.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005140983000000000♠">140,983</span> </td> <td align="right">33.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003750000000000000♠">7,500</span> </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003750000000000000♠">7,500</span> </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003332500000000000♠">3,325</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004168150000000000♠">16,815</span> </td> <td align="right">4.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005423373000000000♠">423,373</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/19px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/39px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="580" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004459160000000000♠">45,916</span> </td> <td align="right">71.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003375100000000000♠">3,751</span> </td> <td align="right">5.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003129300000000000♠">1,293</span> </td> <td align="right">2.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002517000000000000♠">517</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002323000000000000♠">323</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002250000000000000♠">250</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002500000000000000♠">500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001500000000000000♠">50</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004120700000000000♠">12,070</span> </td> <td align="right">18.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004646700000000000♠">64,670</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004843870000000000♠">84,387</span> </td> <td align="right">60.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004211670000000000♠">21,167</span> </td> <td align="right">15.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004131770000000000♠">13,177</span> </td> <td align="right">9.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003616800000000000♠">6,168</span> </td> <td align="right">4.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003700900000000000♠">7,009</span> </td> <td align="right">5.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002500000000000000♠">500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003550000000000000♠">5,500</span> </td> <td align="right">3.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002325000000000000♠">325</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003194500000000000♠">1,945</span> </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005140178000000000♠">140,178</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Vermont_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Vermont_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Vermont_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Vermont_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Vermont_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Vermont_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004646550000000000♠">64,655</span> </td> <td align="right">76.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003433900000000000♠">4,339</span> </td> <td align="right">5.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003272200000000000♠">2,722</span> </td> <td align="right">3.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003161600000000000♠">1,616</span> </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002170000000000000♠">170</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002500000000000000♠">500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002350000000000000♠">350</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004107200000000000♠">10,720</span> </td> <td align="right">12.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004850720000000000♠">85,072</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> & <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/46px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005302850000000000♠">302,850</span> </td> <td align="right">68.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004450960000000000♠">45,096</span> </td> <td align="right">10.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004274110000000000♠">27,411</span> </td> <td align="right">6.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004243160000000000♠">24,316</span> </td> <td align="right">5.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004278530000000000♠">27,853</span> </td> <td align="right">6.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003150000000000000♠">1,500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003650000000000000♠">6,500</span> </td> <td align="right">1.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003260000000000000♠">2,600</span> </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003399100000000000♠">3,991</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005442117000000000♠">442,117</span> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="1790 Area Enumerated !"><i><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies"><img alt="Thirteen Colonies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/23px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/35px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/45px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790 Census Area</a></b></i></span> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7006193341600000000♠">1,933,416</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>60.9%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7005260322000000000♠">260,322</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>8.2%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7005190075000000000♠">190,075</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>6.0%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7005115886000000000♠">115,886</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>3.7%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7005276940000000000♠">276,940</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>8.7%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠">100,000</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>3.2%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7004549000000000000♠">54,900</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>1.7%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7004211000000000000♠">21,100</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>0.7%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7005219805000000000♠">219,805</span></b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b>6.9%</b></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><b><span data-sort-value="7006317244400000000♠">3,172,444</span></b></i> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEF0F0"> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Northwest !"><i><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio"><img alt="Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/25px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/38px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/50px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></i></span> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7003313000000000000♠">3,130</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>29.8%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002428000000000000♠">428</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>4.1%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002307000000000000♠">307</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>2.9%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002190000000000000♠">190</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>1.8%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002445000000000000♠">445</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>4.2%</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7003600000000000000♠">6,000</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>57.1%</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7004105000000000000♠">10,500</span></i> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEF0F0"> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="French !"><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France"><img alt="New France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French America</a></i></span> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7003224000000000000♠">2,240</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>11.2%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002305000000000000♠">305</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>1.5%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002220000000000000♠">220</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>1.1%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002135000000000000♠">135</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>0.7%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7003175000000000000♠">1,750</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>8.8%</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7004128500000000000♠">12,850</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>64.3%</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7003250000000000000♠">2,500</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>12.5%</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7004200000000000000♠">20,000</span></i> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEF0F0"> <td align="left"><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Spanish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7002610000000000000♠">610</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>2.5%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7001830000000000000♠">83</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>0.4%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7001600000000000000♠">60</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>0.3%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7001370000000000000♠">37</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>0.2%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7001850000000000000♠">85</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>0.4%</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7004231250000000000♠">23,125</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>96.4%</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7004240000000000000♠">24,000</span></i> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#B8E2E9"> <td align="center"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7006193939600000000♠">1,939,396</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>60.1%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7005261138000000000♠">261,138</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>8.1%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7005190662000000000♠">190,662</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>5.9%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7005116248000000000♠">116,248</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>3.6%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7005279220000000000♠">279,220</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>8.7%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠">100,000</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>3.1%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7004737500000000000♠">73,750</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>2.3%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7004211000000000000♠">21,100</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>0.7%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7004256250000000000♠">25,625</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>0.8%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7005219805000000000♠">219,805</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>6.8%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7006322694400000000♠">3,226,944</span></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a>; ethnic <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh people</a> making up approximately 7–10% of settlers from <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Forest_Finns" title="Forest Finns">Forest Finns</a>); ethnic <a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a> making up more than half of <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Swedish</a> colonial settlers<sup id="cite_ref-forest_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forest-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Historians estimate that fewer than one million immigrants moved to the United States from Europe between 1600 and 1799.<sup id="cite_ref-history_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By comparison, in the first federal census, in 1790, the population of the United States was enumerated to be 3,929,214.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These statistics do not include the 17.8% of the population who were enslaved, according to the <a href="/wiki/1790_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 census">1790 census</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_United_States_era">Early United States era</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellis_island_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ellis_island_1902.jpg/220px-Ellis_island_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ellis_island_1902.jpg/330px-Ellis_island_1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ellis_island_1902.jpg/440px-Ellis_island_1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>Immigrants arriving at <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> in 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act of 1790</a> limited naturalization to "free white persons"; it was expanded to include black people in the 1860s and Asian people in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Minorities_in_American_Politics:_African_Americans_and_Asian_Americans_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Minorities_in_American_Politics:_African_Americans_and_Asian_Americans-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This made the United States an outlier, since laws that made racial distinctions were uncommon in the world in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1794 <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a> provided freedom of movement for Americans, British subjects, and Native Americans into British and American jurisdictions, <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> land excepted. The treaty is still in effect to the degree that it allows Native Americans born in Canada (subject to a <a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood quantum">blood quantum</a> test) to enter the United States freely.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rights_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rights-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early years of the United States, immigration (not counting the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaved</a>, who were treated as merchandise rather than people) was fewer than 8,000 people a year,<sup id="cite_ref-americanheritage_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanheritage-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including French refugees from the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">slave revolt in Haiti</a>. Legal importation of enslaved African was prohibited after 1808, though many were smuggled in to sell. After 1820, immigration gradually increased. From 1836 to 1914, over 30 million Europeans migrated to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-tandfonline_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tandfonline-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an initial wave of immigration from China following the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a>, Congress passed its first immigration law, the <a href="/wiki/Page_Act_of_1875" title="Page Act of 1875">Page Act of 1875</a> which banned <a href="/wiki/Chinese_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese women">Chinese women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_real_immigration_scare_tactics_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_real_immigration_scare_tactics-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion Act</a> of 1882, banning virtually all immigration from China until the law's repeal in 1943. In the late 1800s, <a href="/wiki/Asian_immigration_to_the_United_States#First_major_wave_of_Asian_immigration_(1850s-1917)" title="Asian immigration to the United States">immigration from other Asian countries</a>, especially to the West Coast, became more common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exclusion_Era">Exclusion Era</h3></div> <p>The peak year of European immigration was in 1907, when 1,285,349 persons entered the country.<sup id="cite_ref-houstonhistory_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houstonhistory-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1910, 13.5 million immigrants were living in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-google3_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion Act</a> of 1882 had already excluded immigrants from China, the immigration of people from Asian countries in addition to China was banned by the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act of 1917</a>, also known as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act, which also banned <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexuals</a>, people with <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">intellectual disability</a>, and people with an <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> worldview.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitler's_American_Model_2017_p._35_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitler's_American_Model_2017_p._35-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Quota_Act" title="Emergency Quota Act">Emergency Quota Act</a> was enacted in 1921, limiting immigration from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a> by national quotas equal to 3 percent of the number of foreign-born from each nation in the <a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1910 United States Census">1910 census</a>. The Act aimed to further restrict immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, particularly Italian, Slavic, and Jewish people, who had begun to enter the country in large numbers beginning in the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-nwsource_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nwsource-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temporary quota system was superseded by the <a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a>, which computed national quotas as a fraction of 150,000 in proportion to the national origins of the entire <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White American</a> population as of the <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 United States Census">1920 census</a>, except those having origins in the nonquota countries of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> (which remained unrestricted).<sup id="cite_ref-ABA1924_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABA1924-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statabstract1931_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statabstract1931-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_immigrant_stock_in_1920">Origins of immigrant stock in 1920</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a> was a unique computation which attempted to measure the total contributions of "blood" from each national origin as a share of the total stock of <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> in 1920, counting immigrants, children of immigrants, and the grandchildren of immigrants (and later generations), in addition to estimating the <a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">colonial stock</a> descended from the population who had immigrated in the colonial period and were enumerated in the 1790 census. <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a> remained predominant, although there were shifts toward <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> from immigration in the period 1790 to 1920. The formula determined that ancestry derived from Great Britain accounted for over 40% of the American gene pool, followed by German ancestry at 16%, then Irish ancestry at 11%. The restrictive immigration quota system established by the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a>, revised and re-affirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952</a>, sought to preserve this demographic makeup of America by allotting quotas in proportion to how much blood each national origin had contributed to the total stock of the population in 1920, as presented below:<sup id="cite_ref-trends_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trends-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Origins_of_the_White_Population_of_the_USA,_1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/National_Origins_of_the_White_Population_of_the_USA%2C_1920.png/270px-National_Origins_of_the_White_Population_of_the_USA%2C_1920.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/National_Origins_of_the_White_Population_of_the_USA%2C_1920.png/405px-National_Origins_of_the_White_Population_of_the_USA%2C_1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/National_Origins_of_the_White_Population_of_the_USA%2C_1920.png/540px-National_Origins_of_the_White_Population_of_the_USA%2C_1920.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The White Population of the United States in 1920, apportioned according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a> prescribed by §11(c) of the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a>. About 56.5% of <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> were deemed to be of postcolonial immigrant stock as of <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a>, while 43.5% were deemed <a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">colonial stock</a>. Consequent immigration quotas in effect until 1965 were based upon these calculations.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarran1950-5_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarran1950-5-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Americans_by_National_Origin_in_the_1790_Census_(1909_CPG_and_1929_ACLS_estimates).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/White_Americans_by_National_Origin_in_the_1790_Census_%281909_CPG_and_1929_ACLS_estimates%29.png/270px-White_Americans_by_National_Origin_in_the_1790_Census_%281909_CPG_and_1929_ACLS_estimates%29.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/White_Americans_by_National_Origin_in_the_1790_Census_%281909_CPG_and_1929_ACLS_estimates%29.png/405px-White_Americans_by_National_Origin_in_the_1790_Census_%281909_CPG_and_1929_ACLS_estimates%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/White_Americans_by_National_Origin_in_the_1790_Census_%281909_CPG_and_1929_ACLS_estimates%29.png/540px-White_Americans_by_National_Origin_in_the_1790_Census_%281909_CPG_and_1929_ACLS_estimates%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="2172" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a> in <a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a> by nationality, estimated by classification of family names, according to a 1909 preliminary estimate in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a> report <i>A Century of Population Growth</i> (top half) and revised figures according to a scientific study by the Census Bureau in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/American_Council_of_Learned_Societies" title="American Council of Learned Societies">American Council of Learned Societies</a> commissioned in the 1920s (bottom half)<sup id="cite_ref-CPG1909_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPG1909-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C8E5EE;"><b>Country of origin</b></th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;"><b>Total</b></th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;"><b>Colonial stock</b></th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="8" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;"><b>Postcolonial stock</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;"><b>Total</b></th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;"><b>Immigrants</b></th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;"><b><abbr title="Children of immigrants">Children of</abbr></b></th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;"><b><abbr title="Grandchildren of immigrants and later generations">Grandchildren of</abbr></b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#C6E3EC;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;"># </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#CEECF6;">% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005843051000000000♠">843,051</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004141100000000000♠">14,110</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005828951000000000♠">828,951</span> </td> <td align="right">1.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005305657000000000♠">305,657</span> </td> <td align="right">2.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005414794000000000♠">414,794</span> </td> <td align="right">2.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005108500000000000♠">108,500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005778328000000000♠">778,328</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005602300000000000♠">602,300</span> </td> <td align="right">1.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005176028000000000♠">176,028</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004626860000000000♠">62,686</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004620420000000000♠">62,042</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004513000000000000♠">51,300</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006171512800000000♠">1,715,128</span> </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004547000000000000♠">54,700</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006166042800000000♠">1,660,428</span> </td> <td align="right">3.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005559895000000000♠">559,895</span> </td> <td align="right">4.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005903933000000000♠">903,933</span> </td> <td align="right">4.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005196600000000000♠">196,600</span> </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005704783000000000♠">704,783</span> </td> <td align="right">0.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004932000000000000♠">93,200</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005611583000000000♠">611,583</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005189934000000000♠">189,934</span> </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005277149000000000♠">277,149</span> </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005144500000000000♠">144,500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004690130000000000♠">69,013</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004690130000000000♠">69,013</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004336120000000000♠">33,612</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004280010000000000♠">28,001</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003740000000000000♠">7,400</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005339436000000000♠">339,436</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003430000000000000♠">4,300</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005335136000000000♠">335,136</span> </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005149824000000000♠">149,824</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005146612000000000♠">146,612</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004387000000000000♠">38,700</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006184168900000000♠">1,841,689</span> </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005767100000000000♠">767,100</span> </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006107458900000000♠">1,074,589</span> </td> <td align="right">2.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005155019000000000♠">155,019</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005325270000000000♠">325,270</span> </td> <td align="right">1.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005594300000000000♠">594,300</span> </td> <td align="right">2.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007154886150000000♠">15,488,615</span> </td> <td align="right">16.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006303680000000000♠">3,036,800</span> </td> <td align="right">7.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007124518150000000♠">12,451,815</span> </td> <td align="right">23.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006167237500000000♠">1,672,375</span> </td> <td align="right">12.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006405124000000000♠">4,051,240</span> </td> <td align="right">21.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006672820000000000♠">6,728,200</span> </td> <td align="right">32.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005182936000000000♠">182,936</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005182936000000000♠">182,936</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005135146000000000♠">135,146</span> </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004468900000000000♠">46,890</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002900000000000000♠">900</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005518750000000000♠">518,750</span> </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005518750000000000♠">518,750</span> </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005318977000000000♠">318,977</span> </td> <td align="right">2.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005183773000000000♠">183,773</span> </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004160000000000000♠">16,000</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007106533340000000♠">10,653,334</span> </td> <td align="right">11.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006182150000000000♠">1,821,500</span> </td> <td align="right">4.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006883183400000000♠">8,831,834</span> </td> <td align="right">16.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005820970000000000♠">820,970</span> </td> <td align="right">6.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006209766400000000♠">2,097,664</span> </td> <td align="right">10.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006591320000000000♠">5,913,200</span> </td> <td align="right">28.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006346227100000000♠">3,462,271</span> </td> <td align="right">3.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006346227100000000♠">3,462,271</span> </td> <td align="right">6.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006161228100000000♠">1,612,281</span> </td> <td align="right">11.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006167149000000000♠">1,671,490</span> </td> <td align="right">8.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005178500000000000♠">178,500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005140777000000000♠">140,777</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005140777000000000♠">140,777</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004692770000000000♠">69,277</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004560000000000000♠">56,000</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004155000000000000♠">15,500</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005230445000000000♠">230,445</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005230445000000000♠">230,445</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005117000000000000♠">117,000</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004886450000000000♠">88,645</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004248000000000000♠">24,800</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006188135900000000♠">1,881,359</span> </td> <td align="right">2.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006136680000000000♠">1,366,800</span> </td> <td align="right">3.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005514559000000000♠">514,559</span> </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005133478000000000♠">133,478</span> </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005205381000000000♠">205,381</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005175700000000000♠">175,700</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006141859200000000♠">1,418,592</span> </td> <td align="right">1.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004752000000000000♠">75,200</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006134339200000000♠">1,343,392</span> </td> <td align="right">2.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005363862000000000♠">363,862</span> </td> <td align="right">2.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005597130000000000♠">597,130</span> </td> <td align="right">3.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005382400000000000♠">382,400</span> </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006389279600000000♠">3,892,796</span> </td> <td align="right">4.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003860000000000000♠">8,600</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006388419600000000♠">3,884,196</span> </td> <td align="right">7.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006181442600000000♠">1,814,426</span> </td> <td align="right">13.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006177957000000000♠">1,779,570</span> </td> <td align="right">9.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005290200000000000♠">290,200</span> </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005262804000000000♠">262,804</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004237000000000000♠">23,700</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005239104000000000♠">239,104</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005104088000000000♠">104,088</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005105416000000000♠">105,416</span> </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004296000000000000♠">29,600</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005175697000000000♠">175,697</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005175697000000000♠">175,697</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004889420000000000♠">88,942</span> </td> <td align="right">0.7% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004837550000000000♠">83,755</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003300000000000000♠">3,000</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006166095400000000♠">1,660,954</span> </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003430000000000000♠">4,300</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006165665400000000♠">1,656,654</span> </td> <td align="right">3.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005767324000000000♠">767,324</span> </td> <td align="right">5.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005762130000000000♠">762,130</span> </td> <td align="right">4.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005127200000000000♠">127,200</span> </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005150258000000000♠">150,258</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004384000000000000♠">38,400</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005111858000000000♠">111,858</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004500270000000000♠">50,027</span> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004245310000000000♠">24,531</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004373000000000000♠">37,300</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006197723400000000♠">1,977,234</span> </td> <td align="right">2.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005217100000000000♠">217,100</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006176013400000000♠">1,760,134</span> </td> <td align="right">3.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005625580000000000♠">625,580</span> </td> <td align="right">4.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005774854000000000♠">774,854</span> </td> <td align="right">4.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005359700000000000♠">359,700</span> </td> <td align="right">1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006101870600000000♠">1,018,706</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005388900000000000♠">388,900</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005629806000000000♠">629,806</span> </td> <td align="right">1.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005118659000000000♠">118,659</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005203547000000000♠">203,547</span> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005307600000000000♠">307,600</span> </td> <td align="right">1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandate of Syria">Mandate of Syria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Leb.</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004734420000000000♠">73,442</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004734420000000000♠">73,442</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004420390000000000♠">42,039</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004314030000000000♠">31,403</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005134756000000000♠">134,756</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005134756000000000♠">134,756</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005102669000000000♠">102,669</span> </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004314870000000000♠">31,487</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002600000000000000♠">600</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007392163330000000♠">39,216,333</span> </td> <td align="right">41.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007318039000000000♠">31,803,900</span> </td> <td align="right">77.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006741243300000000♠">7,412,433</span> </td> <td align="right">13.8% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006136531400000000♠">1,365,314</span> </td> <td align="right">10.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006230841900000000♠">2,308,419</span> </td> <td align="right">12.0% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7006373870000000000♠">3,738,700</span> </td> <td align="right">18.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005504203000000000♠">504,203</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005504203000000000♠">504,203</span> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005220668000000000♠">220,668</span> </td> <td align="right">1.6% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005265735000000000♠">265,735</span> </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004178000000000000♠">17,800</span> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Countries </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005170868000000000♠">170,868</span> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003350000000000000♠">3,500</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005167368000000000♠">167,368</span> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004715530000000000♠">71,553</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004938150000000000♠">93,815</span> </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003200000000000000♠">2,000</span> </td> <td align="right">nil </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#90D3DB"> <td><b>All Quota Countries</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007895065580000000♠">89,506,558</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>100%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007403244000000000♠">40,324,400</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>45.1%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007491821580000000♠">49,182,158</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>55.0%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007120712820000000♠">12,071,282</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>13.5%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007176206760000000♠">17,620,676</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>19.7%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007194902000000000♠">19,490,200</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>21.8%</b> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ECECEC"> <td><i>Nonquota Countries</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7006531435700000000♠">5,314,357</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>5.6%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7005964170000000000♠">964,170</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>2.3%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7006435018700000000♠">4,350,187</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>8.1%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7006164147200000000♠">1,641,472</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>12.0%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7006156969600000000♠">1,569,696</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>8.2%</i> </td> <td align="right"><i><span data-sort-value="7006113901900000000♠">1,139,019</span></i> </td> <td align="right"><i>5.5%</i> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" bgcolor="lightgrey"> <td><b>1920 Total</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007948209150000000♠">94,820,915</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>100%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007412885700000000♠">41,288,570</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>43.5%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007535323450000000♠">53,532,345</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>56.5%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007137127540000000♠">13,712,754</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>14.5%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007191903720000000♠">19,190,372</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>20.2%</b> </td> <td align="right"><b><span data-sort-value="7007206292190000000♠">20,629,219</span></b> </td> <td align="right"><b>21.8%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_berry_pickers_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Several Polish immigrant workers, some of which are children, are seen standing in their fields after picking berries." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Polish_berry_pickers_color.jpg/220px-Polish_berry_pickers_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Polish_berry_pickers_color.jpg/330px-Polish_berry_pickers_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Polish_berry_pickers_color.jpg/440px-Polish_berry_pickers_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2116" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> immigrants working on a farm in 1909; the <a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">welfare</a> system was practically non-existent before the 1930s and the economic pressures on the poor were giving rise to child labor.</figcaption></figure> <p>Immigration patterns of the 1930s were affected by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. In the final prosperous year, 1929, there were 279,678 immigrants recorded,<sup id="cite_ref-mit_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1933, only 23,068 moved to the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-history_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1930s, more people emigrated from the United States than to it.<sup id="cite_ref-cato_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cato-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. government sponsored a <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation" title="Mexican Repatriation">Mexican Repatriation</a> program which was intended to encourage people to voluntarily move to Mexico, but thousands were deported against their will.<sup id="cite_ref-thernstrom_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thernstrom-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altogether, approximately 400,000 Mexicans were repatriated; half of them were US citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-yale_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yale-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazis and World War II were barred from coming to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-ushmm_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushmm-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the post-war era, the Justice Department launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">Operation Wetback</a>, under which 1,075,168 Mexicans were deported in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-experience_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-experience-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_1965">Since 1965</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immigrant_trunks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Immigrant_trunks.jpg/220px-Immigrant_trunks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Immigrant_trunks.jpg/330px-Immigrant_trunks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Immigrant_trunks.jpg/440px-Immigrant_trunks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Immigrant trunks from <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> in the late 19th century (on left) and from a refugee camp in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> in 1993 (on right)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paifang_Boston_Chinatown_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paifang_Boston_Chinatown_1.jpg/220px-Paifang_Boston_Chinatown_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paifang_Boston_Chinatown_1.jpg/330px-Paifang_Boston_Chinatown_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paifang_Boston_Chinatown_1.jpg/440px-Paifang_Boston_Chinatown_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston" title="Chinatown, Boston">Boston's Chinatown</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> in 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1990-_Growth_in_share_of_population_that_is_foreign-born_-_by_country.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1990-_Growth_in_share_of_population_that_is_foreign-born_-_by_country.svg/220px-1990-_Growth_in_share_of_population_that_is_foreign-born_-_by_country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1990-_Growth_in_share_of_population_that_is_foreign-born_-_by_country.svg/330px-1990-_Growth_in_share_of_population_that_is_foreign-born_-_by_country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1990-_Growth_in_share_of_population_that_is_foreign-born_-_by_country.svg/440px-1990-_Growth_in_share_of_population_that_is_foreign-born_-_by_country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>In recent decades, immigration to nearly every Western country has risen sharply, with the U.S. growing from 9% (1990) to 15% (2020) of the population being born abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_20240612_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_20240612-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slopes of the tops of the differently-colored columns show the rate of percent increase in foreign-born people living in the respective countries.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a>, also known as the Hart–Celler Act, abolished the system of national-origin quotas. By equalizing immigration policies, the act resulted in new immigration from non-European nations, which changed <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">the ethnic demographics of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-globe_obama_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globe_obama-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, 60% of immigrants were from Europe; this decreased to 15% by 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-google4_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Law of 1965 abolished the former quota system and gave preference to people with skills regarded as being "especially advantageous" to the United States, which resulted in an increase in immigration from Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Lazonick2009_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lazonick2009-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, this accelerated as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government of the United States</a> encouraged the immigration of engineers, mathematicians, and scientists from Asia, particularly <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, to help support <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a>-related endeavors in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-KandelWilsonDonovan2022_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KandelWilsonDonovan2022-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skilled immigration from these countries was strengthened through the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act of 1990</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RansomWinters2021_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RansomWinters2021-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> has supported U.S. policymakers to design legislation that attracts foreign mathematicians, engineers and scientists to emigrate to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson2022_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson2022-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986 president Ronald Reagan signed immigration reform that gave amnesty to 3 million undocumented immigrants in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act of 1990</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-google5_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google5-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which increased legal immigration to the United States by 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-google6_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google6-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991, Bush signed the <a href="/wiki/1991_Armed_Forces_Immigration_Adjustment_Act" title="1991 Armed Forces Immigration Adjustment Act">Armed Forces Immigration Adjustment Act 1991</a>, allowing foreign service members who had served 12 or more years in the US Armed Forces to qualify for permanent residency and, in some cases, citizenship. </p><p>In November 1994, California voters passed <a href="/wiki/Proposition_187" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition 187">Proposition 187</a> amending the state constitution, denying state financial aid to illegal immigrants. The federal courts voided this change, ruling that it violated the federal constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-ft160313_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft160313-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sfgate_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfgate-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/History_of_laws_concerning_immigration_and_naturalization_in_the_United_States#1990s" title="History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States">U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform</a> recommended reducing legal immigration from about 800,000 people per year to approximately 550,000.<sup id="cite_ref-google7_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google7-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While an influx of new residents from different cultures presents some challenges, "the United States has always been energized by its immigrant populations", said President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in 1998. "America has constantly drawn strength and spirit from wave after wave of immigrants<span class="nowrap"> </span>... They have proved to be the most restless, the most adventurous, the most innovative, the most industrious of people."<sup id="cite_ref-immigration_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> discussed an accord with Mexican President <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a>. Due to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, the possible accord did not occur. From 2005 to 2013, the US Congress discussed various ways of controlling immigration. The Senate and House were unable to reach an agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-ft160313_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft160313-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearly 8 million people immigrated to the United States from 2000 to 2005; 3.7 million of them entered without papers.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday.com_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-washingtontimes_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtontimes-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hispanic immigrants suffered job losses during the late-2000s recession,<sup id="cite_ref-france24_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france24-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but since the recession's end in June 2009, immigrants posted a net gain of 656,000 jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearly 14 million immigrants entered the United States from 2000 to 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over one million persons were <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a> as U.S. citizens in 2008. The per-country limit<sup id="cite_ref-per-country_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-per-country-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> applies the same maximum on the number of visas to all countries regardless of their population and has therefore had the effect of significantly restricting immigration of persons born in populous nations such as Mexico, China, India, and the Philippines—the leading countries of origin for legally admitted immigrants to the United States in 2013;<sup id="cite_ref-Legal2013_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal2013-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nevertheless, China, India, and Mexico were the leading countries of origin for immigrants overall to the United States in 2013, regardless of legal status, according to a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> study.<sup id="cite_ref-All2013_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-All2013-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 1 million immigrants were granted legal residence in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For those who enter the US illegally across the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> and elsewhere, migration is difficult, expensive and dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-Illegal_Immigrants_Slain_in_an_Attack_in_Arizona_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illegal_Immigrants_Slain_in_an_Attack_in_Arizona-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virtually all undocumented immigrants have no avenues for legal entry to the United States due to the restrictive legal limits on <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">green cards</a>, and lack of immigrant <a href="/wiki/United_States_visa" class="mw-redirect" title="United States visa">visas</a> for low-skilled workers.<sup id="cite_ref-why-dont-they-just-get-in-line_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-dont-they-just-get-in-line-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Participants in debates on immigration in the early 21st century called for increasing enforcement of existing laws governing <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigration to the United States</a>, building a <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico–United States barrier">barrier</a> along some or all of the 2,000-mile (3,200 km) Mexico-U.S. border, or creating a new <a href="/wiki/Guest_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Guest worker">guest worker</a> program. Through much of 2006 the country and Congress was engaged in a debate about these proposals. As of April 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> few of these proposals had become law, though a partial border fence had been approved and subsequently canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Cancels_'virtual_fence'_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Cancels_'virtual_fence'-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_reform_attempts">Modern reform attempts</h3></div> <p>Beginning with Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, presidents from both political parties have steadily increased the number of border patrol agents and instituted harsher punitive measures for immigration violations. Examples of these policies include Ronald Reagan's <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986</a> and the Clinton-era <a href="/wiki/Prevention_Through_Deterrence" title="Prevention Through Deterrence">Prevention Through Deterrence</a> strategy. The sociologist <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Massey" title="Douglas Massey">Douglas Massey</a> has argued that these policies have succeeded at producing a perception of border enforcement but have largely failed at preventing emigration from Latin America. Notably, rather than curtailing illegal immigration, the increase in border patrol agents decreased <a href="/wiki/Circular_migration" title="Circular migration">circular migration</a> across the U.S.–Mexico border, thus increasing the population of Hispanics in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey20216_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassey20216-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Presidents from both parties have employed anti-immigrant rhetoric to appeal to their political base or to garner bi-partisan support for their policies. While Republicans like Reagan and Donald Trump have led the way in framing Hispanic immigrants as criminals, Douglas Massey points out that "the current moment of open racism and xenophobia could not have happened with Democratic acquiescence".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey202111_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassey202111-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, while lobbying for his 1986 immigration bill, Reagan framed unauthorized immigration as a "national security" issue and warned that "terrorists and subversives are just two days' driving time" from the border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey202111_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassey202111-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later presidents, including Democrats Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, used similar "security" rhetoric in their efforts to court Republican support for comprehensive immigration reform. In his 2013 State of the Union Address, Obama said "real reform means strong border security, and we can build on the progress my administration has already made – putting more boots on the southern border than at any time in our history".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey202113_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassey202113-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trump_administration_policies">Trump administration policies</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration policy of Donald Trump</a></div> <p>ICE reports that it removed 240,255 immigrants in <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year#United_States" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 2016, as well as 226,119 in FY2017 and 256,085 in FY2018. Citizens of Central American countries (including Mexico) made up over 90% of removals in FY2017 and over 80% in FY2018.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2017, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed an <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">executive order</a> temporarily suspending entry to the United States by nationals of seven <a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim-majority_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Muslim-majority countries">Muslim-majority</a> countries. It was replaced by another <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">executive order</a> in March 2017 and by a presidential proclamation in September 2017, with various changes to the list of countries and exemptions.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The orders were temporarily suspended by federal courts but later allowed to proceed by the Supreme Court, pending a definite ruling on their legality.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another executive order called for the immediate construction of a <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico–United States barrier">wall across the U.S.–Mexico border</a>, the hiring of 5,000 new border patrol agents and 10,000 new immigration officers, and federal funding penalties for <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary cities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "zero-tolerance" policy was put in place in 2018, which legally allows children to be separated from adults unlawfully entering the United States. This is justified by labeling all adults that enter unlawfully as criminals, thus subjecting them to criminal prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Trump Administration also argued that its policy had precedent under the Obama Administration, which had opened family detention centers in response to migrants increasingly using children as a way to get adults into the country. However, the Obama Administration detained families together in administrative, rather than criminal, detention.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other policies focused on what it means for an asylum seeker to claim credible fear.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To further decrease the amount of asylum seekers into the United States, Attorney General Jeff Sessions released a decision that restricts those fleeing gang violence and domestic abuse as "private crime", therefore making their claims ineligible for asylum.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These new policies that had been put in place were controversial for putting the lives of the asylum seekers at risk, to the point that the ACLU sued Jeff Sessions along with other members of the Trump Administration. The ACLU claimed that the policies put in place by the Trump Administration undermined the fundamental human rights of those immigrating into the United States, specifically women. They also claimed that these policies violated decades of settle asylum law.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020, President Trump said he will sign an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> to temporarily suspend immigration to the United States because of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biden_administration_policies">Biden administration policies</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <p>In January 2023, regarding the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a>, Joe Biden announced a new immigration policy that would allow 30,000 migrants per month from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela<sup id="cite_ref-politico1_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but will also expel the migrants from those countries who violate US laws of immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The policy has faced criticism from "immigration reform advocates and lawyers who decry any expansion of Title 42."<sup id="cite_ref-politico1_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 31, 2023, Homeland Security Secretary <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> testified before the Senate Homeland Security Committee that more than 600,000 people illegally made their way into the United States without being apprehended by border agents during the 2023 fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fiscal year 2022, over one million immigrants (most of whom entered through <a href="/wiki/Chain_migration#Legislation_and_chain_migration" title="Chain migration">family reunification</a>) were granted <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">legal residence</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 707,000 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Border_Security_and_Asylum_Reform_in_the_Emergency_National_Security_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2024"><span id="Border_Security_and_Asylum_Reform_in_the_Emergency_National_Security_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act.2C_2024"></span>Border Security and Asylum Reform in the Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024</h5></div> <p>The 2024 Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act represents a change, in the <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> system with a focus, on strengthening border security and improving asylum processes. This bill, backed by both <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> senators and endorsed by President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> seeks to address the surge in border crossings in the U.S. Mexico border by revolutionizing how migrants and <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seekers</a> are processed by border authorities. More specifically, asylum officers to consider certain bars to asylum during screening interviews, which were previously only considered by immigration judges. The legislation aims to streamline provisions for effective management. </p><p>The proposed law introduces an asylum procedure in the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">U.S. Border</a>, where asylum officers from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a> (USCIS) can review asylum applications at a more rapid pace. This new process, called removal proceedings, is detailed in a new section of the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act" title="Immigration and Nationality Act">Immigration and Nationality Act</a> (INA) specifically Section 235B.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill sets a bar for passing an asylum screening by requiring a "reasonable possibility" standard instead of the previous "credible fear" standard. Requiring more evidence at the preliminary screening stages at the same level needed for a full hearing. Notably excluded apprehended individuals between ports of entry from asylum eligibility except under narrow exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This adjustment makes it more difficult for asylum seekers to qualify for a hearing in front of an immigration judge and has raised questions in regards to potential violations against the right to seek asylum and <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a>. </p><p>Furthermore, the legislation establishes an emergency expulsion authority that empowers the branch to expel migrants and asylum seekers during times of " extraordinary migration circumstances." When the seven-day average of encounters between ports of entry exceeds 2,500, the restrictions come into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The restrictions continue until the average falls below 1,500 for 14 consecutive days. If this occurs the <a href="/wiki/DHS_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Secretary">DHS Secretary</a> can promptly send migrants back to their home country unless they can prove they face a risk of persecution or torture. </p><p>The proposed <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> involves around $18.3 billion in funding for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to carry out the border policies and changes in the asylum process. Moreover, it designates $2.3 billion to support arrived <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> through the "Refugee and Entrant Assistance" program.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program itself is designed to fund a broad range of social services to newly arrived refugees, both through states and direct service grants. The bill outlines provisions for granting status to allies safeguarding most "Documented Dreamers " and issuing an additional 250,000 immigrant visas.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It introduces a program for repatriation enabling asylum seekers to go to their home countries at any point during the proceedings. The proposed legislation also contains clauses that do not affect the humanitarian parole initiatives of the Biden administration, for individuals from <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These individuals are granted approval to travel and a temporary period of parole in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_the_U.S._immigrant_population,_1960–2016"><span id="Origins_of_the_U.S._immigrant_population.2C_1960.E2.80.932016"></span>Origins of the U.S. immigrant population, 1960–2016</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto"> <caption>% of foreign-born population residing in the U.S. who were born in ...<sup id="cite_ref-pewhispanic.org_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewhispanic.org-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>1960 </th> <th scope="col">1970 </th> <th>1980 </th> <th>1990 </th> <th scope="col">2000 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th scope="col">2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th scope="col">2015 </th> <th scope="col">2016 </th> <th scope="col">2018 </th></tr> <tr style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>84% </td> <td>68% </td> <td>42% </td> <td>26% </td> <td>19% </td> <td>15% </td> <td>15% </td> <td>14% </td> <td>14% </td> <td>14% </td> <td>14% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> </td> <td>4% </td> <td>7% </td> <td>15% </td> <td>22% </td> <td>23% </td> <td>25% </td> <td>25% </td> <td>26% </td> <td>26% </td> <td>26% </td> <td>27% </td> <td>27% </td> <td>28% </td></tr> <tr style=""> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> </td> <td>4% </td> <td>11% </td> <td>16% </td> <td>21% </td> <td>22% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>25% </td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>6% </td> <td>8% </td> <td>16% </td> <td>22% </td> <td>29% </td> <td>29% </td> <td>29% </td> <td>28% </td> <td>28% </td> <td>28% </td> <td>27% </td> <td>26% </td> <td>25% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: "Other Latin America" includes Central America, South America and the Caribbean. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Persons obtaining legal permanent resident status by fiscal year<sup id="cite_ref-y_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2018data_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018data-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2019data_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019data-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2020data_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020data-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1855 </td> <td>200,877 </td> <td>1880 </td> <td>457,257 </td> <td>1905 </td> <td>1,026,499 </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>241,700 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>237,790 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>524,295 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>1,122,257 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>1,096,611 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1860 </td> <td>153,640 </td> <td>1885 </td> <td>395,346 </td> <td>1910 </td> <td>1,041,570 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td>34,956 </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>265,398 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>568,149 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>1,042,625 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>1,031,765 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1865 </td> <td>248,120 </td> <td>1890 </td> <td>455,302 </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>326,700 </td> <td>1940 </td> <td>70,756 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>296,697 </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>1,535,872 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>1,051,031 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>707,362 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1870 </td> <td>387,203 </td> <td>1895 </td> <td>258,536 </td> <td>1920 </td> <td>430,001 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>38,119 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>373,326 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>720,177 </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>1,183,505 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>740,002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1875 </td> <td>227,498 </td> <td>1900 </td> <td>448,572 </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>294,314 </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>249,187 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>385,378 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>841,002 </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>1,127,167 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>1,018,349 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">Decade </th> <th scope="col" style="width:160px;">Average per year </th></tr> <tr> <td>1890–99</td> <td>369,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900–09</td> <td>745,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910–19</td> <td>634,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920–29</td> <td>429,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930–39</td> <td>69,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940–49</td> <td>85,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950–59</td> <td>249,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–69</td> <td>321,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970–79</td> <td>424,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980–89</td> <td>624,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990–99</td> <td>977,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000–09</td> <td>1,029,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–19</td> <td>1,063,300 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Refugee numbers</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Asylum in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-17_carrying_passengers_out_of_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/C-17_carrying_passengers_out_of_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-C-17_carrying_passengers_out_of_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/C-17_carrying_passengers_out_of_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-C-17_carrying_passengers_out_of_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/C-17_carrying_passengers_out_of_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-C-17_carrying_passengers_out_of_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1735" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Operation_Allies_Refuge" title="Operation Allies Refuge">Operation Allies Refuge</a> with <a href="/wiki/Afghan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan people">Afghans</a> being evacuated on a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing C-17">Boeing C-17</a> plane during the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul in 2021</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the Department of State, in the 2016 fiscal year 84,988 refugees were accepted into the US from around the world. In the fiscal year of 2017, 53,691 refugees were accepted to the US. There was a significant decrease after Trump took office; it continued in the fiscal year of 2018 when only 22,405 refugees were accepted into the US. This displays a massive drop in acceptance of refugees since the Trump Administration has been in place.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (July 2021)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On September 26, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> announced that it planned to allow only 18,000 refugees to resettle in the United States in the 2020 fiscal year, its lowest level since the modern program began in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbsnews.com_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews.com-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020 the Trump administration announced that it planned to slash refugee admissions to U.S. for 2021 to a record low of 15,000 refugees down from a cap of 18,000 for 2020, making 2021 the fourth consecutive year of declining refugee admissions under the Trump term.<sup id="cite_ref-TrumpLimit_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpLimit-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TrumpLow_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpLow-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Biden administration pledged to welcome 125,000 refugees in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Period</th> <th>Refugee Program <br /> <sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera.com_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shameful_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shameful-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TrumpLimit_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpLimit-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TrumpLow_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpLow-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>45,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>30,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>18,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>15,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_immigration">Contemporary immigration</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time.svg/220px-Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time.svg/330px-Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time.svg/440px-Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3379" data-file-height="1965" /></a><figcaption>Legal immigration to the United States over time</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SalemMassCustomHouseNaturalization3ty13543.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SalemMassCustomHouseNaturalization3ty13543.jpg/220px-SalemMassCustomHouseNaturalization3ty13543.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SalemMassCustomHouseNaturalization3ty13543.jpg/330px-SalemMassCustomHouseNaturalization3ty13543.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SalemMassCustomHouseNaturalization3ty13543.jpg/440px-SalemMassCustomHouseNaturalization3ty13543.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A naturalization ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem, Massachusetts</a> in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, approximately half of immigrants living in the United States are from Mexico and other Latin American countries.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Central Americans are fleeing because of desperate social and economic circumstances in their countries. Some believe that the large number of Central American refugees arriving in the United States can be explained as a "blowback" to policies such as <a href="/wiki/Foreign_interventions_by_the_United_States" title="Foreign interventions by the United States">United States military interventions</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">covert operations</a> that installed or maintained in power <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> leaders allied with wealthy land owners and <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational corporations">multinational corporations</a> who stop <a href="/wiki/Smallholding" title="Smallholding">family farming</a> and democratic efforts, which have caused drastically sharp social inequality, wide-scale poverty and rampant crime.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economic <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> dictated by <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> policies imposed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and its ally, the U.S., has also been cited as a driver of the dire social and economic conditions, as has the U.S. "<a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a>", which has been understood as fueling murderous <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">gang</a> violence in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another major migration driver from Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador) are crop failures, which are (partly) caused by <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The current debate<span class="nowrap"> </span>... is almost totally about what to do about immigrants when they get here. But the 800-pound gorilla that's missing from the table is what we have been doing there that brings them here, that drives them here", according to <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Faux" title="Jeff Faux">Jeff Faux</a>, an economist who is a distinguished fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Policy_Institute" title="Economic Policy Institute">Economic Policy Institute</a>. </p><p>Until the 1930s most legal immigrants were male. By the 1990s women accounted for just over half of all legal immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-nap_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary immigrants tend to be younger than the native population of the United States, with people between the ages of 15 and 34 substantially overrepresented.<sup id="cite_ref-nap9_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap9-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigrants are also more likely to be married and less likely to be divorced than native-born Americans of the same age.<sup id="cite_ref-nap10_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap10-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigrants are likely to move to and live in areas populated by people with similar backgrounds. This phenomenon has remained true throughout the history of immigration to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-nap11_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap11-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven out of ten immigrants surveyed by <a href="/wiki/Public_Agenda" title="Public Agenda">Public Agenda</a> in 2009 said they intended to make the U.S. their permanent home, and 71% said if they could do it over again they would still come to the US. In the same study, 76% of immigrants say the government has become stricter on enforcing immigration laws since the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> ("9/11"), and 24% report that they personally have experienced some or a great deal of discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-publicagenda_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publicagenda-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public attitudes about immigration in the U.S. were heavily influenced in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. After the attacks, 52% of Americans believed that immigration was a good thing overall for the U.S., down from 62% the year before, according to a 2009 Gallup poll.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2008 Public Agenda survey found that half of Americans said tighter controls on immigration would do "a great deal" to enhance U.S. national security.<sup id="cite_ref-publicagenda12_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publicagenda12-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harvard political scientist and historian <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a> argued in his 2004 book <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Are_We%3F_The_Challenges_to_America%27s_National_Identity" title="Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity">Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity</a></i> that a potential future consequence of continuing massive immigration from Latin America, especially Mexico, could lead to the bifurcation of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-TOC_of_book_on_Library_of_Congress_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOC_of_book_on_Library_of_Congress-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Samuel_Huntington_Interview_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel_Huntington_Interview-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The estimated population of illegal Mexican immigrants in the US decreased from approximately 7 million in 2007 to 6.1 million in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commentators link the reversal of the immigration trend to the economic downturn that started in 2008 and which meant fewer available jobs, and to the introduction of tough immigration laws in many states.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Hispanic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Hispanic Center">Pew Hispanic Center</a>, the net immigration of Mexican born persons had stagnated in 2010, and tended toward going into negative figures.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 80 cities in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-sfgate13_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfgate13-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>, have <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary policies</a>, which vary locally.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanctuary_Cities,_USA_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanctuary_Cities,_USA-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_countries">Origin countries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_immigration_statistics" title="United States immigration statistics">United States immigration statistics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time_by_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time_by_region.svg/220px-Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time_by_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time_by_region.svg/330px-Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time_by_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time_by_region.svg/440px-Immigration_to_the_United_States_over_time_by_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3344" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption>Immigration to the United States over time by region</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents by region, 2015–2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:120px;">Region </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2015 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"><small>% of total</small> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2016 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"><small>% of total</small> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2017 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"><small>% of total</small> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2018<sup id="cite_ref-2018data_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018data-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"><small>% of total</small> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2019<sup id="cite_ref-2019data_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019data-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"><small>% of total</small> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020data_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020data-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"><small>% of total</small> </th> <th>2021<sup id="cite_ref-:1_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><small>% of total</small> </th> <th>2022<sup id="cite_ref-:1_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><small>% of total</small> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>/<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>% in 2022</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Americas </td> <td>438,435 </td> <td>41.7% </td> <td>506,901 </td> <td>42.8% </td> <td>492,726 </td> <td>43.7% </td> <td>497,860 </td> <td>45.4% </td> <td>461,710 </td> <td>44.8% </td> <td>284,491 </td> <td>40.2% </td> <td>311,806 </td> <td>42.1% </td> <td>431,697 </td> <td>42.4% </td> <td><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></small>27.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asia </td> <td>419,297 </td> <td>39.9% </td> <td>462,299 </td> <td>39.1% </td> <td>424,743 </td> <td>37.7% </td> <td>397,187 </td> <td>36.2% </td> <td>364,761 </td> <td>35.4% </td> <td>272,597 </td> <td>38.5% </td> <td>295,306 </td> <td>39.9% </td> <td>414,951 </td> <td>40.7% </td> <td><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></small>28.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Africa </td> <td>101,415 </td> <td>9.7% </td> <td>113,426 </td> <td>9.6% </td> <td>118,824 </td> <td>10.5% </td> <td>115,736 </td> <td>10.6% </td> <td>111,194 </td> <td>10.8% </td> <td>76,649 </td> <td>10.8% </td> <td>66,211 </td> <td>8.9% </td> <td>89,571 </td> <td>8.8% </td> <td><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></small>26.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Europe </td> <td>85,803 </td> <td>8.2% </td> <td>93,567 </td> <td>7.9% </td> <td>84,335 </td> <td>7.5% </td> <td>80,024 </td> <td>7.3% </td> <td>87,597 </td> <td>8.5% </td> <td>68,994 </td> <td>9.8% </td> <td>61,521 </td> <td>8.3% </td> <td>75,606 </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></small>18.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oceania </td> <td>5,404 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>5,588 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>5,071 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>4,653 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>5,359 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>3,998 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>4,147 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>5,132 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></small>19.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>677 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,724 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,468 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,151 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,144 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>633 </td> <td>>0.1% </td> <td>1,011 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,392 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>≈ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>1,051,031</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><b>1,183,505</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><b>1,127,167</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><b>1,096,611</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><b>1,031,765</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><b>707,632</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><b>740,002</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><b>1,018,349</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></small><b>27.3%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Source: US Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics<sup id="cite_ref-:1_147-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2014-data_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2014-data-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2015data_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015data-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-update2016_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update2016-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-update2017_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update2017-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><b>Top 15 Countries of Origin of Permanent Residents, 2016–2022:</b><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:120px;">Country </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2016 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2017 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2018 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2019 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2020 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2021 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>64,687 </td> <td>60,394 </td> <td>59,821 </td> <td>54,495 </td> <td>46,363 </td> <td>93,450 </td> <td>120,121 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>174,534 </td> <td>170,581 </td> <td>161,858 </td> <td>156,052 </td> <td>100,325 </td> <td>107,230 </td> <td>117,710 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>81,772 </td> <td>71,565 </td> <td>65,214 </td> <td>62,248 </td> <td>41,483 </td> <td>49,847 </td> <td>62,022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>61,161 </td> <td>58,520 </td> <td>57,413 </td> <td>49,911 </td> <td>30,005 </td> <td>24,553 </td> <td>36,007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>66,516 </td> <td>65,028 </td> <td>76,486 </td> <td>41,641 </td> <td>16,367 </td> <td>23,077 </td> <td>31,019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>53,287 </td> <td>49,147 </td> <td>47,258 </td> <td>45,920 </td> <td>25,491 </td> <td>27,511 </td> <td>27,692 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>23,449 </td> <td>25,109 </td> <td>28,326 </td> <td>27,656 </td> <td>17,907 </td> <td>18,668 </td> <td>25,609 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>41,451 </td> <td>38,231 </td> <td>33,834 </td> <td>39,712 </td> <td>29,995 </td> <td>16,312 </td> <td>22,604 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>13,812 </td> <td>14,989 </td> <td>15,394 </td> <td>19,825 </td> <td>16,746 </td> <td>18,351 </td> <td>20,806 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>18,610 </td> <td>17,956 </td> <td>17,545 </td> <td>19,841 </td> <td>11,989 </td> <td>15,293 </td> <td>16,763 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>10,772 </td> <td>11,809 </td> <td>11,762 </td> <td>15,720 </td> <td>12,136 </td> <td>14,412 </td> <td>16,604 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>13,002<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13,198<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15,638<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13,453<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>7,369 </td> <td>8,199 </td> <td>15,328 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td>21,801 </td> <td>19,194 </td> <td>17,676 </td> <td>18,479 </td> <td>16,244 </td> <td>12,351 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:85%;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup (November 2023)">data missing</span></a></i>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>13,302<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,387<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13,794<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15,901<sup id="cite_ref-:2_153-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>7,843 </td> <td>9,425 </td> <td>14,762 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>12,793<sup id="cite_ref-:3_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,484<sup id="cite_ref-:3_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9,898<sup id="cite_ref-:3_154-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,388<sup id="cite_ref-:3_154-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,297 </td> <td>12,053 </td> <td>13,916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td>23,350 </td> <td>21,905 </td> <td>20,347 </td> <td>21,689 </td> <td>12,826 </td> <td>13,357 </td> <td>13,603 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>1,183,505</b> </td> <td><b>1,127,167</b> </td> <td><b>1,096,611</b> </td> <td><b>1,031,765</b> </td> <td><b>707,362</b> </td> <td><b>740,002</b> </td> <td><b>1,018,349</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charts">Charts</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft" style="clear:none;"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:gray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2272.175778494px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 128.91922317851px; border-left-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 23.675858515503px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 141.33965228623px 100px 0; border-right-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents by continent in 2020:<sup id="cite_ref-2020data_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020data-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> (40.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> (38.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> (10.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (9.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australia and Oceania</a> (0.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gray; color:black;"> </span> Unknown (0.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft" style="clear:none;"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:light blue; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 47.056428121225px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 32.491969623291px; border-left-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12.632937844611px; border-left-color:gray"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gray"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gray"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.802672842827px 6.2790519529313px 0 0; border-top-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:95.105651629515px 30.901699437495px 0 0; border-top-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:80.901699437495px 58.778525229247px 0 0; border-top-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:53.5826794979px 84.432792550202px 0 0; border-top-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:15.567207449798px; border-width:0 0 84.432792550202px 53.5826794979px; border-bottom-color:blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages spoken among U.S. immigrants, 2016:<sup id="cite_ref-pewhispanic.org_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewhispanic.org-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> only (16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:brown; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (43%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> and related languages (5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:pink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Filipino/Tagalog</a> (4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gray; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:light blue; color:;"> </span> Other (18%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extent_and_destinations">Extent and destinations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_net_international_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by net international migration">List of U.S. states by net international migration</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg/220px-Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg/330px-Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg/440px-Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan" title="Little Italy, Manhattan">Little Italy</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, c. 1900</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinoydayparade2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pinoydayparade2.JPG/220px-Pinoydayparade2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pinoydayparade2.JPG/330px-Pinoydayparade2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pinoydayparade2.JPG/440px-Pinoydayparade2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A crowd at the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independence_Day_Parade" title="Philippine Independence Day Parade">Philippine Independence Day Parade</a> in New York City</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galveston_Immigration_Stations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Galveston_Immigration_Stations.jpg/220px-Galveston_Immigration_Stations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Galveston_Immigration_Stations.jpg/330px-Galveston_Immigration_Stations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Galveston_Immigration_Stations.jpg/440px-Galveston_Immigration_Stations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3622" data-file-height="2370" /></a><figcaption>Galveston immigration stations</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Number of<br />foreign-born </th> <th>Percent<br />foreign-born </th></tr> <tr> <td>1850 </td> <td>2,244,602 </td> <td>9.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1860 </td> <td>4,138,697 </td> <td>13.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1870 </td> <td>5,567,229 </td> <td>14.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1880 </td> <td>6,679,943 </td> <td>13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1890 </td> <td>9,249,547 </td> <td>14.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900 </td> <td>10,341,276 </td> <td>13.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910 </td> <td>13,515,886 </td> <td>14.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920 </td> <td>13,920,692 </td> <td>13.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930 </td> <td>14,204,149 </td> <td>11.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940 </td> <td>11,594,896 </td> <td>8.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td>10,347,395 </td> <td>6.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td>9,738,091 </td> <td>5.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td>9,619,302 </td> <td>4.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>14,079,906 </td> <td>6.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>19,767,316 </td> <td>7.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>31,107,889 </td> <td>11.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>39,956,000 </td> <td>12.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>44,525,500 </td> <td>13.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>44,728,502 </td> <td>13.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>44,932,799 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>47,831,053 </td> <td>14.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>2010,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2018<sup id="cite_ref-J_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The United States admitted more legal immigrants from 1991 to 2000, between ten and eleven million, than in any previous decade. In the most recent decade,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the 10 million legal immigrants that settled in the U.S. represent roughly one third of the annual growth, as the U.S. population increased by 32 million (from 249 million to 281 million). By comparison, the highest previous decade was the 1900s, when 8.8 million people arrived, increasing the total U.S. population by one percent every year. Specifically, "nearly 15% of Americans were foreign-born in 1910, while in 1999, only about 10% were foreign-born".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1970, immigrants accounted for 4.7 percent of the US population and rising to 6.2 percent in 1980, with an estimated 12.5 percent in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-migrationinformation14_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-migrationinformation14-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 25% of US residents under age 18 were first- or second-generation immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight percent of all babies born in the U.S. in 2008 belonged to illegal immigrant parents, according to a recent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data by the Pew Hispanic Center.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legal immigration to the U.S. increased from 250,000 in the 1930s, to 2.5 million in the 1950s, to 4.5 million in the 1970s, and to 7.3 million in the 1980s, before becoming stable at about 10 million in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-findarticles_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-findarticles-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2000, legal immigrants to the United States number approximately 1,000,000 per year, of whom about 600,000 are <i>Change of Status</i> who already are in the U.S. Legal immigrants to the United States now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> are at their highest level ever, at just over 37,000,000 legal immigrants. In reports in 2005–2006, estimates of illegal immigration ranged from 700,000 to 1,500,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-csmonitor_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pewhispanic_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewhispanic-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigration led to a 57.4% increase in foreign-born population from 1990 to 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-migrationinformation15_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-migrationinformation15-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign-born immigration has caused the U.S. population to continue its rapid increase with the foreign-born population doubling from almost 20 million in 1990 to over 47 million in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-immigrationun_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigrationun-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and U.S.-born children of immigrants (<a href="/wiki/Second-generation_immigrants_in_the_United_States" title="Second-generation immigrants in the United States">second-generation</a> Americans) in the United States, accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While immigration has increased drastically over the 20th century, the foreign-born share of the population is, at 13.4, only somewhat below what it was at its peak in 1910 at 14.7%. A number of factors may be attributed to the decrease in the representation of foreign-born residents in the United States. Most significant has been the change in the composition of immigrants; prior to 1890, 82% of immigrants came from North and Western Europe. From 1891 to 1920, that number decreased to 25%, with a rise in immigrants from East, Central, and South Europe, summing up to 64%. Animosity towards these ethnically different immigrants increased in the United States, resulting in much legislation to limit immigration in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohn_2020_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohn_2020-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-left tr::before{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-center tr::before{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"No.";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"#";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border:0 solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#aaaaaa}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#c8ccd1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:rgba(84,89,93,.3)}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 inset #202122}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable):not(.mw-datatable) tr::before{border-color:#000000}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 solid #c8ccd1}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-left-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{border-top-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:last-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tfoot tr:last-child::before{border-bottom-width:1px}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232966811">.mw-parser-output .hover-highlight tr:hover,.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable tr:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable static-row-numbers" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:right"> <caption><b>Country of birth for foreign-born population in the United States (1960–2015)</b> </caption> <tbody><tr class="static-row-header" style="vertical-align:bottom"> <th style="width: 15em;">Country of birth </th> <th data-sort-type="number" style="width: 6em;">2015<sup id="cite_ref-ACS2015_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS2015-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number" style="width: 6em;">2010<sup id="cite_ref-ACS2010_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS2010-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number" style="width: 6em;">2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusForeignBorn_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusForeignBorn-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number" style="width: 6em;">1990<sup id="cite_ref-1990Census_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1990Census-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_176-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number" style="width: 6em;">1980<sup id="cite_ref-1980Census_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1980Census-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_176-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number" style="width: 6em;">1970<sup id="cite_ref-1980Census_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1980Census-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>1960<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_176-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="11513528"><img alt="11513528" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11,513,528 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="11599653"><img alt="11599653" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11,599,653 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="9177487"><img alt="9177487" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9,177,487 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="4298014"><img alt="4298014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4,298,014 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="2199221"><img alt="2199221" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,199,221 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="2199221"><img alt="2199221" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 759,711 </td> <td>575,902 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="2348867"><img alt="2348867" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,348,687 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1837838"><img alt="1837838" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,837,838 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1022552"><img alt="1022552" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,022,552 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="450406"><img alt="450406" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 450,406 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="206087"><img alt="206087" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 206,087 </td> <td>51,000 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="2034383"><img alt="2034383" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,034,383 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1583634"><img alt="1583634" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,583,634 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="988857"><img alt="988857" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 988,857 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="529837"><img alt="529837" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 529,837 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="286120"><img alt="286120" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 286,120 </td> <td>172,132 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1945345"><img alt="1945345" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,945,345 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1810537"><img alt="1810537" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,810,537 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1369070"><img alt="1369070" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,369,070 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="912674"><img alt="912674" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 912,674 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="501440"><img alt="501440" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 501,440 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="169147"><img alt="169147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 184,842 </td> <td>104,843<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1323592"><img alt="1323592" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,323,592 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1201972"><img alt="1201972" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,201,972 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="817336"><img alt="817336" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 817,336 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="817336"><img alt="817336" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 465,433 </td> <td>94,447<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6,310<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1314927"><img alt="1314927" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,314,927 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1231716"><img alt="1231716" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,231,716 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="988174"><img alt="988174" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 988,174 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="543262"><img alt="543262" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 543,262 </td> <td>231,120 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1227031"><img alt="1227031" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,227,031 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1057346"><img alt="1057346" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,057,346 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="872716"><img alt="872716" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 872,716 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="736971"><img alt="736971" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 736,971 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="607184"><img alt="607184" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 607,184 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="169147"><img alt="169147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 439,048 </td> <td>79,150<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1064960"><img alt="1064960" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,064,960 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1085151"><img alt="1085151" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,085,151 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="864125"><img alt="864125" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 864,125 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="568397"><img alt="568397" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 568,397 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="289885"><img alt="289885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 289,885 </td> <td>38,711 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1057439"><img alt="1057439" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,057,439 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="866618"><img alt="866618" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 866,618 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="687677"><img alt="687677" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 687,677 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="347858"><img alt="347858" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 347,858 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="169147"><img alt="169147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 169,147 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="169147"><img alt="169147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 61,228 </td> <td>11,883<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="923562"><img alt="923562" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 923,562 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="822947"><img alt="822947" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 822,947 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="480665"><img alt="480665" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 480,665 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="480665"><img alt="480665" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 225,739 </td> <td>63,073<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5,381<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="818,441"><img alt="818,441" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 818,441 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="808772"><img alt="808772" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 808,772 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="820771"><img alt="820771" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 820,771 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="744830"><img alt="744830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 744,830 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="842859"><img alt="842859" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 842,859 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="744830"><img alt="744830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 812,421 </td> <td>952,506 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="727634"><img alt="727634" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 727,634 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="671197"><img alt="671197" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 671,197 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="553827"><img alt="553827" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 553,827 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="334140"><img alt="334140" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 334,140 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="196811"><img alt="196811" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 196,811 </td> <td>68,576 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="723561"><img alt="723561" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 723,561 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="648594"><img alt="648594" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 648,594 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="509872"><img alt="509872" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 509,872 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="334140"><img alt="334140" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 286,124 </td> <td>143,508<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="696048"><img alt="696048" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 696,048 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="685938"><img alt="685938" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 685,938 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="677751"><img alt="677751" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 677,751 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="640145"><img alt="640145" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 640,145 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="669149"><img alt="669149" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 669,149 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="669149"><img alt="669149" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 686,099 </td> <td>833,058 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="643341"><img alt="643341" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 643,341 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="572896"><img alt="572896" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 572,896 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="419317"><img alt="419317" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 419,317 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="282852"><img alt="282852" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 225,393 </td> <td>92,395<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4,816<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="603179"><img alt="603179" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 603,179 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="502827"><img alt="502827" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 502,827 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="282852"><img alt="282852" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 282,852 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="282852"><img alt="282852" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 108,923 </td> <td>39,154<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6,503<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="577282"><img alt="577282" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 577,282 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="617070"><img alt="617070" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 617,070 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="706704"><img alt="706704" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 706,704 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="711929"><img alt="711929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 711,929 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="849384"><img alt="849384" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 849,384 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="711929"><img alt="711929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 832,965 </td> <td>989,810 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="447223"><img alt="447223" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 447,223 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="419363"><img alt="419363" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 419,363 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="278186"><img alt="278186" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 278,186 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="849384"><img alt="849384" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 144,199 </td> <td>55,496<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="437581"><img alt="437581" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 437,581 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="428747"><img alt="428747" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 428,747 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="298626"><img alt="298626" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 298,626 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="849384"><img alt="849384" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 143,314 </td> <td>86,128<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="422208"><img alt="422208" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 422,208 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="450537"><img alt="450537" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 450,537 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="466742"><img alt="466742" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 466,742 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="388328"><img alt="388328" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 388,328 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="418128"><img alt="418128" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 418,128 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="418128"><img alt="418128" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 548,107 </td> <td>747,750 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="391974"><img alt="391974" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 391,974 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="391101"><img alt="391101" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 391,101 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="340177"><img alt="340177" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 340,177 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="333725"><img alt="333725" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 333,725 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="406022"><img alt="406022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 406,022 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="831922"><img alt="831922" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 463,462 </td> <td>690,598<sup id="cite_ref-Russia1960_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russia1960-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (Incl. <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="377741"><img alt="377741" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 377,741 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="353169"><img alt="353169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 353,169 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="283226"><img alt="283226" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 283,226 </td> <td>210,941 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="376666"><img alt="376666" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 376,666 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="365981"><img alt="365981" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 365,981 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="326215"><img alt="326215" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 326,215 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="326215"><img alt="326215" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 244,102 </td> <td>75,353<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="373058"><img alt="373058" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 373,058 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="332250"><img alt="332250" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 332,250 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="212428"><img alt="212428" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 212,428 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="212428"><img alt="212428" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 82,489 </td> <td>40,919<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13,988<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="371400"><img alt="371400" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 371,400 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="301280"><img alt="301280" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 301,280 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="223477"><img alt="223477" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 223,477 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="212428"><img alt="212428" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 91,889 </td> <td>30,774<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="348216"><img alt="348216" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 348,216 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="368699"><img alt="368699" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 368,699 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="473338"><img alt="473338" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 473,338 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="580592"><img alt="580592" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 580,592 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="831922"><img alt="831922" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 831,922 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="831922"><img alt="831922" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,008,533 </td> <td>1,256,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="346887"><img alt="346887" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 346,887 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="334449"><img alt="334449" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 334,449 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="347539"><img alt="347539" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 347,539 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="290128"><img alt="290128" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 290,128 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="221794"><img alt="221794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 221,794 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="221794"><img alt="221794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 120,235 </td> <td>109,175<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="344565"><img alt="344565" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 344,565 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="324216"><img alt="324216" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 324,216 </td> <td>275,153 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="298532"><img alt="298532" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 298,532 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="221077"><img alt="221077" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 221,077 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134940"><img alt="134940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 134,940 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134940"><img alt="134940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 55,350 </td> <td>25,528<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="274118"><img alt="274118" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 274,118 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="257272"><img alt="257272" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 257,272 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="211189"><img alt="211189" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 211,189 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134940"><img alt="134940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 120,698 </td> <td>48,608<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="265282"><img alt="265282" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 265,282 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="182342"><img alt="182342" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 182,342 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="107031"><img alt="107031" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 107,031 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134940"><img alt="134940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42,119 </td> <td>33,281<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6,851<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="252196"><img alt="252196" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 252,196 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="250186"><img alt="250186" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 250,186 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="220335"><img alt="220335" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 220,335 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134940"><img alt="134940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 168,659 </td> <td>44,166<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9,474<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="247614"><img alt="247614" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 247,614 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="224576"><img alt="224576" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 224,576 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="169801"><img alt="169801" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 169,801 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134940"><img alt="134940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 106,919 </td> <td>54,803<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="234483"><img alt="234483" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 234,483 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="231678"><img alt="231678" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 231,678 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="197398"><img alt="197398" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 197,398 </td> <td>115,710 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="228316"><img alt="228316" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 228,316 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="216948"><img alt="216948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 216,948 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="203580"><img alt="203580" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 203,580 </td> <td>147,131 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="226159"><img alt="226159" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 226,159 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="164046"><img alt="164046" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 164,046 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="69531"><img alt="69531" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 69,531 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="69531"><img alt="69531" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,805 </td> <td>7,516<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="221275"><img alt="221275" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 221,275 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="166513"><img alt="166513" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 166,513 </td> <td>95,294 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="212608"><img alt="212608" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 212,608 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="148673"><img alt="148673" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 148,673 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="89892"><img alt="89892" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 89,892 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="89892"><img alt="89892" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44,916 </td> <td>32,121<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="188385"><img alt="188385" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 188,385 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="192469"><img alt="192469" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 192,469 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="204284"><img alt="204284" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 204,284 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="204284"><img alt="204284" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 171,577 </td> <td>54,881<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="187052"><img alt="187052" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 187,052 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="170120"><img alt="170120" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 170,120 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="125218"><img alt="125218" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 125,218 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="204284"><img alt="204284" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 92,563 </td> <td>68,887<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="179157"><img alt="179157" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 179,157 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="143086"><img alt="143086" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 143,086 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="113396"><img alt="113396" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 113,396 </td> <td>66,313 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="175555"><img alt="175555" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 175,555 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="186142"><img alt="186142" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 186,142 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="203119"><img alt="203119" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 203,119 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="210122"><img alt="210122" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 210,122 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="177437"><img alt="177437" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 177,437 </td> <td>91,034 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="175198"><img alt="175198" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 175,198 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="157577"><img alt="157577" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 157,577 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="151154"><img alt="151154" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 151,154 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="119233"><img alt="119233" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 119,233 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="120215"><img alt="120215" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 120,215 </td> <td>105,385 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="159827"><img alt="159827" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 159,827 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="156508"><img alt="156508" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 156,508 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="136978"><img alt="136978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 136,978 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="136978"><img alt="136978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 118,833 </td> <td>20,175<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="158999"><img alt="158999" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 158,999 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="120785"><img alt="120785" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 120,785 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="65572"><img alt="65572" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 65,572 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="136978"><img alt="136978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20,889 </td> <td>7,564<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="158033"><img alt="158033" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 158,033 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="163431"><img alt="163431" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 163,431 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="135966"><img alt="135966" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 135,966 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="136978"><img alt="136978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 91,106 </td> <td>66,994<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>84,575<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="137190"><img alt="137190" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 137,190 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="137190"><img alt="137190" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 89,553 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="137190"><img alt="137190" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32,588<sup id="cite_ref-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="137190"><img alt="137190" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19,835<sup id="cite_ref-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,236<sup id="cite_ref-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper_190-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134654"><img alt="134654" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 134,654 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="136914"><img alt="136914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 136,914 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="165750"><img alt="165750" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 165,750 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="177398"><img alt="177398" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 177,398 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="210998"><img alt="210998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 210,998 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="210998"><img alt="210998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 177,275 </td> <td>159,167<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="134172"><img alt="134172" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 134,172 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="133074"><img alt="133074" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 133,074 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="109719"><img alt="109719" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 109,719 </td> <td>86,048 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="126209"><img alt="126209" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 126,209 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="210998"><img alt="210998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 95,126 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="109719"><img alt="109719" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40,682<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="210998"><img alt="210998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14,371<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6,250<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="124411"><img alt="124411" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 124,411 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="128496"><img alt="128496" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 128,496 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="156474"><img alt="156474" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 156,474 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="169827"><img alt="169827" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 169,827 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="197817"><img alt="197817" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 197,817 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="197817"><img alt="197817" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 251,375 </td> <td>338,722 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="120620"><img alt="120620" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 120,620 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="119523"><img alt="119523" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 119,523 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="105910"><img alt="105910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 105,910 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="86369"><img alt="86369" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 86,369 </td> <td>52,674<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>22,217<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="119640"><img alt="119640" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 119,640 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="133074"><img alt="133074" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 63,948 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="109719"><img alt="109719" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11,715<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,262<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>844<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="113937"><img alt="113937" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 113,937 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="102242"><img alt="102242" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 102,242 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="78378"><img alt="78378" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 78,378 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="86369"><img alt="86369" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 55,087 </td> <td>51,915<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>52,228<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="109712"><img alt="109712" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 109,712 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="86683"><img alt="86683" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 86,683 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="82858"><img alt="82858" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 82,858 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="82858"><img alt="82858" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 76,415 </td> <td>73,735<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="105657"><img alt="105657" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 105,657 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="115600"><img alt="115600" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 115,600 </td> <td>98,766 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="103715"><img alt="103715" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 103,715 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="104080"><img alt="104080" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 104,080 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="105177"><img alt="105177" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 105,177 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="105177"><img alt="105177" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 85,737 </td> <td>60,740<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="99323"><img alt="99323" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 99,323 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="83298"><img alt="83298" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 83,298 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="63558"><img alt="63558" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 63,558 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="105177"><img alt="105177" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,707 </td> <td>16,103<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="97391"><img alt="97391" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 97,391 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="92948"><img alt="92948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 92,948 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="80804"><img alt="80804" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 80,804 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="105177"><img alt="105177" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 55,681 </td> <td>35,127<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="96158"><img alt="96158" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 96,158 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="92555"><img alt="92555" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 92,555 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="72552"><img alt="72552" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 72,552 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="72552"><img alt="72552" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 48,387 </td> <td>29,920<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </td> <td>92,807 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="210998"><img alt="210998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 35,760<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,437<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="90836"><img alt="90836" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 90,836 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="90836"><img alt="90836" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 48,916 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="90836"><img alt="90836" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21,083<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="96198"><img alt="96198" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12,632 </td> <td>17,317<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="88226"><img alt="88226" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 88,226 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="64240"><img alt="64240" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 64,240 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54561"><img alt="54561" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 54,561 </td> <td>36,782 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>16,717<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdocumentforIsrael1960_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdocumentforIsrael1960-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="86727"><img alt="86727" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 86,727 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="80972"><img alt="80972" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 80,972 </td> <td>65,280 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="86447"><img alt="86447" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 86,447 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="74478"><img alt="74478" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 74,478 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="60965"><img alt="60965" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 60,965 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="60965"><img alt="60965" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42,267 </td> <td>36,120<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>22,209<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="86186"><img alt="86186" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 86,186 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="83034"><img alt="83034" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 83,034 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="71870"><img alt="71870" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 71,870 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="60965"><img alt="60965" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 43,350 </td> <td>29,639<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="85406"><img alt="85406" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 85,406 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="45195"><img alt="45195" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 77,091 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="71870"><img alt="71870" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>38,663<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="85096"><img alt="85096" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5,627<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="103136"><img alt="103136" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7,381<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="103136"><img alt="103136" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9,180<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9,618<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="84579"><img alt="84579" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 84,579 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="85096"><img alt="85096" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 85,096 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="94570"><img alt="94570" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 94,570 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="96198"><img alt="96198" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 96,198 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="103136"><img alt="103136" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 103,136 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="103136"><img alt="103136" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 110,570 </td> <td>118,415<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="83221"><img alt="83221" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 83,221 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="45195"><img alt="45195" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 71,062 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="71870"><img alt="71870" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39,029<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,455<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="79298"><img alt="79298" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 79,298 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="60314"><img alt="60314" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 60,314 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="45195"><img alt="45195" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45,195 </td> <td>28,444 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="74009"><img alt="74009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 74,009 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="45195"><img alt="45195" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 58,728 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="45195"><img alt="45195" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,682<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15,541 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="72878"><img alt="72878" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 72,878 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="58095"><img alt="58095" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 58,095 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="49459"><img alt="49459" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 49,459 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="49459"><img alt="49459" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33,834 </td> <td>10,473<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="72662"><img alt="72662" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 72,662 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="60912"><img alt="60912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 60,912 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="46794"><img alt="46794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 46,794 </td> <td>31,871 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="68658"><img alt="68658" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 68,658 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="46794"><img alt="46794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 61,931 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="46794"><img alt="46794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 35,090<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="46794"><img alt="46794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8,579<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8,463<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8,223<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="67594"><img alt="67594" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 67,594 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="75479"><img alt="75479" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 75,479 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="92017"><img alt="92017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 92,017 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="110337"><img alt="110337" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 110,337 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="144368"><img alt="144368" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 144,368 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="144368"><img alt="144368" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 183,236 </td> <td>245,252 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Former <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="67241"><img alt="67241" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 67,241 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="70283"><img alt="70283" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 70,283 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="83031"><img alt="83031" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 83,031 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="87020"><img alt="87020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 87,020 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="112707"><img alt="112707" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 112,707 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="112707"><img alt="112707" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 160,899 </td> <td>227,622 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="59501"><img alt="59501" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 59,501 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 54,575 </td> <td>38,503 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="56275"><img alt="56275" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 56,275 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47,664 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23,029<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54,131"><img alt="54,131" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 54,131 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="51764"><img alt="51764" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 51,764 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="52172"><img alt="52172" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 52,172 </td> <td>43,015 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="50819"><img alt="50819" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 50,819 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="46794"><img alt="46794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 43,568 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="52172"><img alt="52172" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25,263<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td>50,646 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,765<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="49432"><img alt="49432" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 49,432 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="49432"><img alt="49432" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 46,717 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="49432"><img alt="49432" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40,151<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>29,957 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,780<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdocumentBelize_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdocumentBelize-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="47933"><img alt="47933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47,933 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="47933"><img alt="47933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47,254 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="47933"><img alt="47933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25,038<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="47933"><img alt="47933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20,766 </td> <td>13,278<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,170<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="47664"><img alt="47664" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47,664 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38,627 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19,210<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3,093<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="47190"><img alt="47190" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47,190 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="45856"><img alt="45856" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45,856 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="49724"><img alt="49724" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 49,724 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="53676"><img alt="53676" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 53,676 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="77157"><img alt="77157" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 77,157 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="83031"><img alt="83031" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 127,070 </td> <td>214,491 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="46167"><img alt="46167" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 46,167 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="49465"><img alt="49465" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 49,465 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="63648"><img alt="63648" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 63,648 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="87673"><img alt="87673" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 87,673 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="145607"><img alt="145607" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 145,607 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="83031"><img alt="83031" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 214,014 </td> <td>304,507 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="45354"><img alt="45354" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45,354 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39,921 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30,890<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="42388"><img alt="42388" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42,388 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,081 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19,507<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="41081"><img alt="41081" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 41,081 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40,740 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19,790<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="39836"><img alt="39836" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39,836 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,678 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26,606<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14,368 </td> <td>10,457<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="39203"><img alt="39203" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39,203 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="38854"><img alt="38854" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38,872 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 43,106<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="87673"><img alt="87673" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39,130 </td> <td>42,804<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>61,568<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="38854"><img alt="38854" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38,854 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="54575"><img alt="54575" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44,002 </td> <td>40,908<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="38657"><img alt="38657" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38,657 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27,148 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17,518<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="38257"><img alt="38257" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38,257 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34588"><img alt="34588" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,588 </td> <td>20,831 </td> <td>7,217<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="36244"><img alt="36244" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 36,244 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34588"><img alt="34588" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30,509 </td> <td>10,284<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="35077"><img alt="35077" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 35,077 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="38854"><img alt="38854" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31,938 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="38854"><img alt="38854" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33,895<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="38854"><img alt="38854" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,366 </td> <td>36,487<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>50,294<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34334"><img alt="34334" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,334 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 36,317 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28,490<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>29,745 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>121,475 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,041 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30,291 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29,272<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>17,730 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="32962"><img alt="32962" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32,962 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31,095 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28,076<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21,633 </td> <td>13,993<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="32748"><img alt="32748" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32,748 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29,173 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20,762<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>12,889<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="31007"><img alt="31007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31,007 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29,883 </td> <td>15,639<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="30522"><img alt="30522" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30,522 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24,373 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="34041"><img alt="34041" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20,367<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8,889<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="29045"><img alt="29045" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29,045 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="29045"><img alt="29045" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29,964 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="29045"><img alt="29045" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31,422<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="29045"><img alt="29045" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34,999 </td> <td>42,732<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>85,060<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="28512"><img alt="28512" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28,512 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="28512"><img alt="28512" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24,169 </td> <td>9,154<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> </td> <td>26,022 </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24,583 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26,207 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32,207<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42,240 </td> <td>63,316<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>152,698 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24,529 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23,645 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18,680<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="22983"><img alt="22983" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22,983 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23,763 </td> <td>27,232<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="22898"><img alt="22898" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22,898 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21,478 </td> <td>19,984<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21,408<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22,313<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>29,172<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>67,624 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,150<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,053<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3,125<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24583"><img alt="24583" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3,531<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4,360<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5,553<sup id="cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5,071<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4,156<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="24529"><img alt="24529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,895<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,780<sup id="cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Foreign-Born Population </th> <th style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="43027453"><img alt="43027453" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 43,027,453 </th> <th style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="39784145"><img alt="39784145" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39,784,145 </th> <th style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="31107889"><img alt="31107889" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31,107,889 </th> <th style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="19767316"><img alt="19767316" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19,767,316 </th> <th style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="14079906"><img alt="14079906" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14,079,906 </th> <th style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="145607"><img alt="145607" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9,619,302 </th> <th>9,738,155 </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_foreign-born_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/US_foreign-born_2017.png/220px-US_foreign-born_2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/US_foreign-born_2017.png/330px-US_foreign-born_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/US_foreign-born_2017.png/440px-US_foreign-born_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Foreign-born population of the United States in 2017 by country of birth <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:200px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#880015; color:white;"> </span> >10,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED1C24; color:black;"> </span> 1,000,000–3,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFA41E; color:black;"> </span> 300,000–1,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C8C800; color:black;"> </span> 100,000–300,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22B14C; color:black;"> </span> 30,000–100,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#004080; color:white;"> </span> <30,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> United States and its territories</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_immigration_rate_2012-16.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/US_immigration_rate_2012-16.png/220px-US_immigration_rate_2012-16.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/US_immigration_rate_2012-16.png/330px-US_immigration_rate_2012-16.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/US_immigration_rate_2012-16.png/440px-US_immigration_rate_2012-16.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Immigrants to the United States between 2012 and 2016 per thousand inhabitants of each country of origin <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:100px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#880015; color:white;"> </span> >10.0</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED1C24; color:black;"> </span> 3.0–10.0</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFA41E; color:black;"> </span> 1.0–3.0</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C8C800; color:black;"> </span> 0.3–1.0</div> </td> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22B14C; color:black;"> </span> 0.1–0.3</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#004080; color:white;"> </span> <0.1</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> United States and its territories</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Foreign-born population in the United States in 2019 by country of birth</b><sup id="cite_ref-J_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-data.census.gov_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center">Country of birth </th> <th style="text-align:center">Change (2019) </th> <th style="text-align:center">Population (2019) </th> <th style="text-align:center"><small>2018–2019<br />change</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><b>Total foreign-born</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td><b>44,932,799</b></td> <td>+204,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>10,931,939</td> <td>−239,954 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>2,688,075</td> <td>+35,222 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>2,250,230</td> <td>+28,287 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>2,045,248</td> <td>+31,492 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>1,412,101</td> <td>−7,229 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>1,383,779</td> <td>+38,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>1,359,990</td> <td>+16,030 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>1,169,420</td> <td>−8,444 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>u<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>1,038,885</td> <td>−214 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>1,111,495</td> <td>+104,508 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>808,148</td> <td>+18,587 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>797,158</td> <td>−16,506 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>772,215</td> <td>+38,786 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>745,838</td> <td>+99,585 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>701,688</td> <td>+14,502 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>687,186</td> <td>−12,007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>537,691</td> <td>−21,411 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>502,104</td> <td>+29,467 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>465,235</td> <td>+71,394 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>446,063</td> <td>−21,109 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>431,150</td> <td>−11,955 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>404,107</td> <td>+5,321 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>398,399</td> <td>+19,296 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>392,811</td> <td>+18,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>392,422</td> <td>+8,917 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>385,473</td> <td>+3,522 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>371,851</td> <td>−18,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>354,832</td> <td>+28,947 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>333,273</td> <td>−28,292 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>314,867</td> <td>−10,036 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>261,348</td> <td>+296 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>260,820</td> <td>−8,561 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>257,343</td> <td>−4,734 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>256,032</td> <td>−22,051 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>253,847</td> <td>−26,450 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>249,670</td> <td>+12,248 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>231,469</td> <td>−1,779 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>212,798</td> <td>−9,770 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>210,767</td> <td>+16,346 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>w<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>205,852</td> <td>−1,727 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>199,163</td> <td>+3,792 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>176,904</td> <td>−7,486 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>x<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>171,452</td> <td>−19,727 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>167,751</td> <td>+5,308 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>166,651</td> <td>+18,017 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>161,500</td> <td>−8,390 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>153,414</td> <td>+6,854 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>150,877</td> <td>+10,486 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>149,326</td> <td>+10,792 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>y<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>132,477</td> <td>+2,551 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>132,160</td> <td>+18,491 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>120,065</td> <td>−1,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>119,571</td> <td>−6,128 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>117,291</td> <td>−9,203 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>116,077</td> <td>−1,713 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>114,607</td> <td>+11,230 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>111,886</td> <td>−13,104 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>111,116</td> <td>+11,444 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>104,612</td> <td>−957 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>101,622</td> <td>+7,543 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>101,076</td> <td>−2,674 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>98,969</td> <td>+8,382 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>98,116</td> <td>+12,824 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>94,856</td> <td>+4,617 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>93,950</td> <td>−9,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>93,620</td> <td>+6,237 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>z<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>92,514</td> <td>−19,252 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>aa<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>90,018</td> <td>+2,335 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>87,419</td> <td>+151 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ab<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>82,603</td> <td>−5,632 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>79,804</td> <td>+447 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ac<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>77,434</td> <td>−1,978 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>76,840</td> <td>+2,166 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>76,712</td> <td>−5,844 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>72,634</td> <td>−5,374 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">former <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>68,312</td> <td>+3,960 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>66,950</td> <td>−5,239 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>65,216</td> <td>−3,296 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>64,852</td> <td>−2,413 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></td> <td></td> <td>60,512</td> <td>+/− </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>58,627</td> <td>−3,795 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>57,315</td> <td>−13,654 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>52,279</td> <td>−1,097 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>51,695</td> <td>−305 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>51,351</td> <td>−1,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>49,355</td> <td>+4,245 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>48,900</td> <td>+2,638 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>48,710</td> <td>+5,195 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>46,388</td> <td>−1,379 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>45,506</td> <td>−2,328 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>44,364</td> <td>−2,923 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td></td> <td>44,150</td> <td>+/− </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>43,506</td> <td>−6,236 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>42,958</td> <td>+8,536 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>40,067</td> <td>+10,851 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>39,083</td> <td>+100 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>39,020</td> <td>+1,585 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></td> <td></td> <td>38,932</td> <td>+/− </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>37,044</td> <td>−1,941 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>36,410</td> <td>−663 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>36,372</td> <td>−721 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>33,736</td> <td>−466 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>33,438</td> <td>+5,148 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>32,655</td> <td>−445 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>32,323</td> <td>−3,431 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>31,872</td> <td>+2,541 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>31,113</td> <td>−4,494 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td></td> <td>30,828</td> <td>+/− </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>30,359</td> <td>+4,456 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></td> <td></td> <td>30,136</td> <td>+/− </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>29,722</td> <td>−11,288 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td> <td></td> <td>25,022</td> <td>+/- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>23,300</td> <td>−2,039 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td></td> <td>20,519</td> <td>+/− </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td>20,143</td> <td>−4,928 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NotCountedSeparately-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-65"><sup><i><b>bn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-66"><sup><i><b>bo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-67"><sup><i><b>bp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-68"><sup><i><b>bq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-69"><sup><i><b>br</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-70"><sup><i><b>bs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-71"><sup><i><b>bt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-72"><sup><i><b>bu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-73"><sup><i><b>bv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-74"><sup><i><b>bw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-75"><sup><i><b>bx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-76"><sup><i><b>by</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-77"><sup><i><b>bz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-78"><sup><i><b>ca</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-79"><sup><i><b>cb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-80"><sup><i><b>cc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-81"><sup><i><b>cd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-82"><sup><i><b>ce</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-83"><sup><i><b>cf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-84"><sup><i><b>cg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-85"><sup><i><b>ch</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-86"><sup><i><b>ci</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-87"><sup><i><b>cj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-88"><sup><i><b>ck</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-89"><sup><i><b>cl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-90"><sup><i><b>cm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-91"><sup><i><b>cn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-92"><sup><i><b>co</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-93"><sup><i><b>cp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-94"><sup><i><b>cq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-95"><sup><i><b>cr</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-96"><sup><i><b>cs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-97"><sup><i><b>ct</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-98"><sup><i><b>cu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-99"><sup><i><b>cv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-100"><sup><i><b>cw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-101"><sup><i><b>cx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-102"><sup><i><b>cy</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-103"><sup><i><b>cz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-104"><sup><i><b>da</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-105"><sup><i><b>db</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-106"><sup><i><b>dc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-107"><sup><i><b>dd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-108"><sup><i><b>de</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-109"><sup><i><b>df</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-110"><sup><i><b>dg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-111"><sup><i><b>dh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-112"><sup><i><b>di</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-113"><sup><i><b>dj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-114"><sup><i><b>dk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-115"><sup><i><b>dl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-116"><sup><i><b>dm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-117"><sup><i><b>dn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-118"><sup><i><b>do</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-119"><sup><i><b>dp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-120"><sup><i><b>dq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-121"><sup><i><b>dr</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-122"><sup><i><b>ds</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-123"><sup><i><b>dt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-124"><sup><i><b>du</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-125"><sup><i><b>dv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-126"><sup><i><b>dw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-127"><sup><i><b>dx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-128"><sup><i><b>dy</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-129"><sup><i><b>dz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-130"><sup><i><b>ea</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-131"><sup><i><b>eb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-132"><sup><i><b>ec</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-133"><sup><i><b>ed</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-134"><sup><i><b>ee</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-135"><sup><i><b>ef</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-136"><sup><i><b>eg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-137"><sup><i><b>eh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-138"><sup><i><b>ei</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-139"><sup><i><b>ej</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-140"><sup><i><b>ek</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-141"><sup><i><b>el</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-142"><sup><i><b>em</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-143"><sup><i><b>en</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-144"><sup><i><b>eo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-145"><sup><i><b>ep</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-146"><sup><i><b>eq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-147"><sup><i><b>er</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-148"><sup><i><b>es</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-149"><sup><i><b>et</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-150"><sup><i><b>eu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-151"><sup><i><b>ev</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-152"><sup><i><b>ew</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-153"><sup><i><b>ex</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-154"><sup><i><b>ey</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-155"><sup><i><b>ez</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-156"><sup><i><b>fa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-157"><sup><i><b>fb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-158"><sup><i><b>fc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-159"><sup><i><b>fd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-160"><sup><i><b>fe</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-161"><sup><i><b>ff</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-162"><sup><i><b>fg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-163"><sup><i><b>fh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-164"><sup><i><b>fi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-165"><sup><i><b>fj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-166"><sup><i><b>fk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-167"><sup><i><b>fl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-168"><sup><i><b>fm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-169"><sup><i><b>fn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-170"><sup><i><b>fo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-171"><sup><i><b>fp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-172"><sup><i><b>fq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-173"><sup><i><b>fr</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-174"><sup><i><b>fs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-175"><sup><i><b>ft</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-176"><sup><i><b>fu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-177"><sup><i><b>fv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-178"><sup><i><b>fw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-179"><sup><i><b>fx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-180"><sup><i><b>fy</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-181"><sup><i><b>fz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-182"><sup><i><b>ga</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-183"><sup><i><b>gb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-184"><sup><i><b>gc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-185"><sup><i><b>gd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-186"><sup><i><b>ge</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-187"><sup><i><b>gf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-188"><sup><i><b>gg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-189"><sup><i><b>gh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparately_180-190"><sup><i><b>gi</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not counted separately; aggregated into "Other" category</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdataNOT1965doc_182-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Data comes from 2006 US Census Bureau document which is cited. Numbers from this country are not listed in Census Bureau document from 1965.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006Censusdata-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006Censusdata_183-65"><sup><i><b>bn</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Information comes from 2006 US Census paper.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As well as <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russia1960-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russia1960_186-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russia was not a country at the time. The number of people counted are for those from the Soviet Union.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NotCountedSeparatelyRussia_187-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Country was not independent; counted under "Russia"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As well as the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper_190-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper_190-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MyanmarNameChange2006CensusPaper_190-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Myanmar was previously known as Burma. Data comes from 2006 United States Census Bureau paper.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Does not include the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Territories">Palestinian Territories</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006CensusPaper-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusPaper_192-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Data comes from 2006 United States Census Bureau paper.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006CensusdocumentforIsrael1960-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdocumentforIsrael1960_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 2006 Census document does not mention whether this includes the Golan Heights.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only European Netherlands</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Does not include the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As well as the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006CensusdocumentBelize-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006CensusdocumentBelize_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Information comes from 2006 US Census document. Belize was not an independent country at the time and known as British Honduras.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and, also <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (Republic of China).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a> only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">European Netherlands only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_immigration">Effects of immigration</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Effects of immigration to the United States">Effects of immigration to the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Jose_May_Day_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mexican immigrants are seen protesting for more rights in San Jose." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/San_Jose_May_Day_01.jpg/220px-San_Jose_May_Day_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/San_Jose_May_Day_01.jpg/330px-San_Jose_May_Day_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/San_Jose_May_Day_01.jpg/440px-San_Jose_May_Day_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mexican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican people">Mexican</a> immigrants march for more rights in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure><p>Immigration to the United States significantly increases the population. The Census Bureau estimates that the US population will increase from 317 million in 2014 to 417 million in 2060 with immigration, when nearly 20% will be foreign-born.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2015_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2015-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, the population of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> is significantly increased by immigration, with both populations expected to see major growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew2015_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew2015-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usatoday_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the Pew Report predicts the population of the United States will rise from 296 million in 2005 to 441 million in 2065, but only to 338 million with no immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew2015_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew2015-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prevalence of immigrant segregation has brought into question the accuracy of describing the United States as a <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-segregation_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-segregation-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WhiteFlight_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhiteFlight-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigration to the United States has also increased religious diversity, with <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhism</a> growing in the United States due to immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changing demographics as a result of immigration have affected political affiliations. Immigrants are more likely than natives to support the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-globe_obama_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globe_obama-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usatoday32_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday32-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aaldef_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaldef-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interest groups that lobby for and against immigration play a role in immigration policy, with religious, ethnic, and business groups most likely to lobby on issues of immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-prachimishra_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prachimishra-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FacchiniSteinhardt2011_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FacchiniSteinhardt2011-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigrants have not been found to increase crime in the United States, and immigrants overall are associated with lower crime rates than natives.<sup id="cite_ref-NASEM-2015_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASEM-2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-doleac_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doleac-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crimearticles_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crimearticles-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USAtod18_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAtod18-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some research even suggests that increases in immigration may partly explain the reduction in the U.S. crime rate.<sup id="cite_ref-Wadsworth-2010_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wadsworth-2010-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one study, <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary cities</a>—which adopt policies designed to not prosecute people solely for being an illegal immigrant—have no statistically meaningful effect on crime.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research suggests that police practices, such as <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a>, over-policing in areas populated by minorities and in-group bias may result in disproportionately high numbers of immigrants among crime suspects.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_343–69_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_343–69-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoJ_p._82_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoJ_p._82-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-West-2016_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-2016-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research also suggests that there may be possible discrimination by the judicial system, which contributes to a higher number of convictions for immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anwar-2012_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anwar-2012-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto4_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Depew-2017_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Depew-2017-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Crimmigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimmigration">Crimmigration</a> has emerged as a field in which critical immigration scholars conceptualize the current immigration law enforcement system.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Increased immigration to the United States has historically caused discrimination and racial unrest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Areas with higher minority populations may be subject to increased policing<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_343–69_224-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_343–69-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoJ_p._82_225-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoJ_p._82-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-West-2018_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-2018-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and harsher sentencing.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_228-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_229-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anwar-2012_230-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anwar-2012-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto4_231-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Depew-2017_232-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Depew-2017-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faculty in educational facilities have been found to be more responsive toward white students,<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though affirmative action policies may cause colleges to favor minority applicants.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence also shows the existence of racial discrimination in the housing market<sup id="cite_ref-IZA-2016_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZA-2016-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the labor market.<sup id="cite_ref-IZA-2016_237-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZA-2016-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Riach-2002_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riach-2002-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zschirnt-2016_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zschirnt-2016-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discrimination also exists between different immigrant groups.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes30_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes30-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2018 study of longitudinal earnings, most immigrants economically assimilate into the United States within a span of 20 years, matching the economic situations of non-immigrants of similar race and ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-Villarreal-2018_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villarreal-2018-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigration has been found to have little impact on the health of natives.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunadi-2020_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunadi-2020-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers have also found what is known as the "healthy immigrant effect", in which immigrants in general tend to be healthier than individuals born in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-princeton_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-princeton-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nap43_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap43-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some illnesses are believed to have been introduced to the United States or caused to increase by immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-nih_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigrants are more likely than native-born Americans to have a medical visit labeled <a href="/wiki/Uncompensated_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncompensated care">uncompensated care</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant proportion of American scientists and engineers are immigrants. Graduate students are more likely to be immigrants than undergraduate students, as immigrants often complete undergraduate training in their native country before immigrating.<sup id="cite_ref-osep_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osep-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 33% of all U.S. PhDs in science and engineering were awarded to foreign-born graduate students as of 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-wulf_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wulf-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States">Economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policies_of_American_labor_unions" title="Immigration policies of American labor unions">Immigration policies of American labor unions</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG/220px-Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG/330px-Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG/440px-Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Garment factories in <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Manhattan's Chinatown</a></figcaption></figure> <p>High-skilled immigration and low-skilled immigration have both been found to make economic conditions better for the average immigrant<sup id="cite_ref-Kerr-2011_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2011-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the average American.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall impact of immigration on the economy tends to be minimal.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research suggests that diversity has a net positive effect on productivity<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and economic prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Qian-2020_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qian-2020-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contributions by immigrants through taxation and the economy have been found to exceed the cost of services they use.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBO-2007_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBO-2007-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall immigration has not had much effect on native wage inequality<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but low-skill immigration has been linked to greater <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a> in the native population.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labor unions have historically opposed immigration over economic concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigrants have also been found to raise economic productivity, as they are more likely to take jobs that natives are unwilling to do.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research indicates that immigrants are more likely to work in risky jobs than U.S.-born workers, partly due to differences in average characteristics, such as immigrants' lower English language ability and educational attainment.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refugees have been found to integrate more slowly into the labor market than other immigrants, but they have also been found to increase government revenue overall.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans-2017_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-2017-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davis-2017_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-2017-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigration has also been correlated with increased innovation and entrepreneurship, and immigrants are more likely to start businesses than Native Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Undocumented immigrants have also been found to have a positive effect on economic conditions in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-CBO-2007_264-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBO-2007-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to NPR in 2005, about 3% of illegal immigrants were working in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">agriculture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/H-2A_visa" title="H-2A visa">H-2A visa</a> allows U.S. employers to bring foreign nationals to the United States to fill <a href="/wiki/Guest_worker_program" title="Guest worker program">temporary</a> agricultural jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> States that imposed harsher immigration laws were found to suffer significant economic losses.<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2024, research conducted at <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City">Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City</a> suggested that immigration to the United States surged during 2022-2023 and the inflow of migrants to the country put downward pressure on US wage growth and job vacancy rates. The study showed that from Dec 2021 to Dec 2023 there existed a negative correlation between an industry's migrant employment growth and wage growth: an increase in migrant employment growth of 1 percentage point lead to a 0.7 percentage point reduction in wage growth. It was found that an increase in employment growth, stemming from migrant workers, of 1 percentage point lead to a 0.5 percentage point reduction in job vacancy rates.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1892-_Immigration_Enforcement_Actions_-_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1892-_Immigration_Enforcement_Actions_-_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/220px-1892-_Immigration_Enforcement_Actions_-_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1892-_Immigration_Enforcement_Actions_-_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/330px-1892-_Immigration_Enforcement_Actions_-_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1892-_Immigration_Enforcement_Actions_-_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/440px-1892-_Immigration_Enforcement_Actions_-_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>History of immigration enforcement actions, as reported by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a><sup id="cite_ref-DHS_202311_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHS_202311-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/220px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/330px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/440px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Apprehensions between ports of entry, annually by federal fiscal year since 2020<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_20231029_285-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_20231029-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The largely ambivalent feeling of Americans toward immigrants is shown by a positive attitude toward groups that have been visible for a century or more, and much more negative attitude toward recent arrivals. For example, a 1982 national poll by the Roper Center at the University of Connecticut showed respondents a card listing a number of groups and asked, "Thinking both of what they have contributed to this country and have gotten from this country, for each one tell me whether you think, on balance, they've been a good or a bad thing for this country", which produced the results shown in the table. "By high margins, Americans are telling pollsters it was a very good thing that Poles, Italians, and Jews immigrated to America. Once again, it's the newcomers who are viewed with suspicion. This time, it's the Mexicans, the Filipinos, and the people from the Caribbean who make Americans nervous."<sup id="cite_ref-immigration48_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration48-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-religion_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2002 study, which took place soon after the September 11 attacks, 55% of Americans favored decreasing legal immigration, 27% favored keeping it at the same level, and 15% favored increasing it.<sup id="cite_ref-worldviews_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldviews-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">immigration-reduction</a> advocacy think tank the Center for Immigration Studies released a poll that found that 68% of Americans think U.S. immigration levels are too high, and just 2% said they are too low. They also found that 70% said they are less likely to vote for candidates that favor increasing legal immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-immigration49_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration49-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, 55% of Americans believed legal immigration should remain at the current level or increased and 41% said it should be decreased.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The less contact a native-born American has with immigrants, the more likely they would have a negative view of immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_290-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most important factors regarding public opinion about immigration is the level of <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by unemployment rate">unemployment</a>; anti-immigrant sentiment is where unemployment is highest, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-interdisciplinary50_291-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdisciplinary50-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surveys indicate that the U.S. public consistently makes a sharp distinction between legal and illegal immigrants, and generally views those perceived as "playing by the rules" with more sympathy than immigrants who have entered the country illegally.<sup id="cite_ref-publicagenda51_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publicagenda51-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a> poll in July 2015, immigration is the fourth-most important problem facing the United States and seven percent of Americans said it was the most important problem facing America today.<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2015, another Gallup poll provided insight into American public opinion on immigration; the poll revealed that 39% of people worried about immigration "a great deal".<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A January poll showed that only 33% of Americans were satisfied with the current state of immigration in America.<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 2012, a majority of Americans supported securing United States borders compared to dealing with illegal immigrants in the United States. In 2013, that trend has reversed and 55% of people polled by Gallup revealed that they would choose "developing a plan to deal with immigrants who are currently in the U.S. illegally". Changes regarding border control are consistent across party lines, with the percentage of Republicans saying that "securing U.S. borders to halt flow of illegal immigrants" is extremely important decreasing from 68% in 2011 to 56% in 2014. Meanwhile, Democrats who chose extremely important shifted from 42% in 2011 to 31% in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2013, 87% of Americans said they would vote in support of a law that would "allow immigrants already in the country to become U.S. citizens if they meet certain requirements including paying taxes, having a criminal background check and learning English". However, in the same survey, 83% also said they would support the tightening of <a href="/wiki/United_States_border_security_concerns" class="mw-redirect" title="United States border security concerns">U.S. border security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Donald Trump's campaign for presidency focused on a rhetoric of reducing illegal immigration and toughening border security. In July 2015, 48% of Americans thought that Donald Trump would do a poor job of handling immigration problems. In November 2016, 55% of Trump's voters thought that he would do the right thing regarding illegal immigration. In general, Trump supporters are not united upon how to handle immigration. In December 2016, Trump voters were polled and 60% said that "undocumented immigrants in the U.S. who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay legally".<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Trump claimed during his 2024 presidential campaign that immigrants are "poisoning the blood of our country", a <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a> survey showed that 34% of Americans agreed, and 35% agreed that "immigrants are invading our country and replacing our cultural and ethnic background".<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American opinion regarding how immigrants affect the country and how the government should respond to illegal immigration have changed over time. In 2006, out of all U.S. adults surveyed, 28% declared that they believed the growing number of immigrants helped American workers and 55% believed that it hurt American workers. In 2016, those views had changed, with 42% believing that they helped and 45% believing that they hurt.<sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PRRI 2015 American Values Atlas showed that between 46% and 53% of Americans believed that "the growing number of newcomers from other countries ... strengthens American society". In the same year, between 57% and 66% of Americans chose that the U.S. should "allow [immigrants living in the U.S. illegally] a way to become citizens provided they meet certain requirements".<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2017, the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a> released a report on recent surveys about immigration issues. In July 2016, 63% of Americans favored the temporary bans of immigrants from areas with high levels of terrorism and 53% said the U.S. should allow fewer refugees to enter the country. In November 2016, 55% of Americans were opposed to building a border wall with Mexico. Since 1994, Pew Research center has tracked a change from 63% of Americans saying that immigrants are a burden on the country to 27%.<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Trump administration's zero-tolerance policy was reacted to negatively by the public. One of the main concerns was how detained children of illegal immigrants were treated. Due to very poor conditions, a campaign was begun called "Close the Camps".<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detainment facilities were compared to concentration and internment camps.<sup id="cite_ref-Levitz_2019_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levitz_2019-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2019_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2019-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2021_evacuation_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 evacuation from Afghanistan">2021 evacuation from Afghanistan</a> in August 2021, an NPR/Ipsos poll (±4.6%) found 69% of Americans supported resettling in the United States Afghans who had worked with the U.S., with 65% support for Afghans who "fear repression or persecution from the Taliban".<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was lower support for other refugees: 59% for those "fleeing from civil strife and violence in Africa", 56% for those "fleeing from violence in Syria and Libya", and 56% for "Central Americans fleeing violence and poverty". 57% supported the Trump-era <a href="/wiki/Remain_in_Mexico" title="Remain in Mexico">Remain in Mexico</a> policy, and 55% supported legalizing the status of those illegally brought to the U.S. as children (as proposed in the <a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_responses">Religious responses</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: needs a more historical view for Catholicism; rather than a point-in-time view of a single year: 2018. You can help by <span class="anonymous-show"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AImmigration_to_the_United_States&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+27+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Immigration+to+the+United+States">making an edit request</a></span></span><span class="user-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> </span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Religious figures in the United States have stated their views on the topic of immigration as informed by their religious traditions. </p> <ul><li>Catholicism – In 2018, Catholic leaders stated that asylum-limiting laws proposed by the Trump administration were immoral. Some bishops considered imposing sanctions (known as "canonical penalties") on church members who have participated in enforcing such policies.<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Judaism – American Jewish rabbis from various denominations have stated that their understanding of Judaism is that immigrants and refugees should be welcomed, and even assisted. The exception would be if there is significant economic hardship or security issues faced by the host country or community, in which case immigration may be limited, discouraged or even prohibited altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some liberal denominations place more emphasis on the welcoming of immigrants, while Conservative, Orthodox and Independent rabbis also consider economic and security concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some provide moral arguments for both the right of country to enforce immigration standards as well as for providing some sort of amnesty for illegal migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Immigration policy of the United States">Immigration policy of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Permanent_Resident_Card_2010-05-11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/US_Permanent_Resident_Card_2010-05-11.JPG/220px-US_Permanent_Resident_Card_2010-05-11.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/US_Permanent_Resident_Card_2010-05-11.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">green card</a>, a document confirming permanent resident status for eligible immigrants, including refugees, political asylum seekers, family-sponsored migrants, employment-based workers, and diversity immigrants</figcaption></figure> <p>Laws concerning immigration and naturalization include the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act of 1990</a> (IMMACT), the <a href="/wiki/Antiterrorism_and_Effective_Death_Penalty_Act_of_1996" title="Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act</a> (AEDPA), the <a href="/wiki/Illegal_Immigration_Reform_and_Immigrant_Responsibility_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act</a> (IIRIRA), the <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act of 1790</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts" title="Alien and Sedition Acts">Alien and Sedition Acts</a> of 1798, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, and the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924. AEDPA and IIRARA exemplify many categories of criminal activity for which immigrants, including <a href="/wiki/United_States_Permanent_Resident_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Permanent Resident Card">green card</a> holders, can be deported and have imposed <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_detention" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory detention">mandatory detention</a> for certain types of cases. The Johnson-Reed Act limited the number of immigrants and the Chinese Exclusion Act banned immigration from China altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Refugees are able to gain legal status in the United States through <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">asylum</a>, and a specified number of <a href="/wiki/Refugee_law" title="Refugee law">legally defined</a> refugees, who either apply for asylum overseas or after arriving in the U.S., are admitted annually.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This term requires quantification. (July 2010)">quantify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2014, the number of asylum seekers accepted into the U.S. was about 120,000. By comparison, about 31,000 were accepted in the UK and 13,500 in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asylum offices in the United States receive more applications for asylum than they can process every month and every year, and these continuous applications cause a significant backlog.<sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Removal_proceedings" title="Removal proceedings">Removal proceedings</a> are considered <a href="/wiki/Administrative_proceeding" title="Administrative proceeding">administrative proceedings</a> under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a>, and thus part of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a> rather than the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branch</a> of government.<sup id="cite_ref-cnnGrievance_315-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnGrievance-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Removal_proceedings" title="Removal proceedings">removal proceedings</a> in front of an <a href="/wiki/Immigration_judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration judge">immigration judge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancellation_of_removal" title="Cancellation of removal">cancellation of removal</a> is a form of relief that is available for some long-time residents of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eligibility may depend on time spent in the United States, criminal record, or family in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of Congress may submit <a href="/wiki/Private_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Private bill">private bills</a> granting residency to specific named individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Cordes_2011_i181_319-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cordes_2011_i181-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States allows immigrant relatives of active duty military personnel to reside in the United States through a green card.<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YorkParoleInPlace_321-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YorkParoleInPlace-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2015, there are estimated to be <a href="/wiki/Undocumented_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" title="Undocumented immigrant population of the United States">11 to 12 million unauthorized immigrants</a> in the United States, making up about 5% of the civilian labor force.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherman_322-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherman-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KrogstafFiveFacts2017_323-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KrogstafFiveFacts2017-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals</a> (DACA) program, unauthorized immigrants that arrived as children were granted exemptions to immigration law.<sup id="cite_ref-Hipsman2016_324-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hipsman2016-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most immigration proceedings are <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil matters</a>, though criminal charges are applicable when evading border enforcement, committing fraud to gain entry, or committing <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a> to gain employment. Due process protections under the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> have been found to apply to immigration proceedings, but those of the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> have not due to their nature as civil matters.<sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnnGrievance_315-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnGrievance-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021 a new system establishes by The U.S. Citizenship Act, for responsibly manage and secure U.S. border's, for safety of families and communities, and better manage migration across the Hemisphere, sent by President Biden to U.S. Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_v._Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Department of State v. Muñoz">Department of State v. Muñoz</a>, U.S. Supreme court decided that U.S. citizens do not have a fundamental liberty to admit their foreign spouses<sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immigration_in_popular_culture">Immigration in popular culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immigrants1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Immigrants1888.jpg/220px-Immigrants1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Immigrants1888.jpg/330px-Immigrants1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Immigrants1888.jpg/440px-Immigrants1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>This 1888 cartoon in <a href="/wiki/Puck_(magazine)" title="Puck (magazine)"><i>Puck</i></a> magazine criticized businessmen for welcoming large numbers of low-paid immigrants, leaving the American men unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-amerikastudien_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amerikastudien-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The history of immigration to the United States is the history of the country itself, and the journey from beyond the sea is an element found in <a href="/wiki/American_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="American folklore">American folklore</a>, appearing in many works, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York" title="Gangs of New York">Gangs of New York</a></i>, "<a href="/wiki/Song_of_Myself" title="Song of Myself">The Song of Myself</a>", <a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a>'s "America", and the animated feature <i><a href="/wiki/An_American_Tail" title="An American Tail">An American Tail</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-introduction_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-introduction-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1880s to the 1910s, vaudeville dominated the popular image of immigrants, with very popular caricature portrayals of ethnic groups. The specific features of these caricatures became widely accepted as accurate portrayals.<sup id="cite_ref-amerikastudien54_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amerikastudien54-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>The Melting Pot</i> (1908), playwright <a href="/wiki/Israel_Zangwill" title="Israel Zangwill">Israel Zangwill</a> (1864–1926) explored issues that dominated <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> debates about immigration policies. Zangwill's theme of the positive benefits of the American <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> resonated widely in popular culture and literary and academic circles in the 20th century; his cultural symbolism – in which he situated immigration issues – likewise informed American cultural imagining of immigrants for decades, as exemplified by Hollywood films.<sup id="cite_ref-interdisciplinary55_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdisciplinary55-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-immigrants_332-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigrants-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popular culture's image of ethnic celebrities often includes stereotypes about immigrant groups. For example, Frank Sinatra's public image as a superstar contained important elements of the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></i> while simultaneously incorporating stereotypes about Italian Americans that were based in nativist and Progressive responses to immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-frontani_333-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frontani-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The process of assimilation has been a common theme of popular culture. For example, "lace-curtain Irish" refers to middle-class <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a> desiring assimilation into mainstream society in counterpoint to the older, more raffish "shanty Irish". The occasional malapropisms and social blunders of these upward mobiles were lampooned in vaudeville, popular song, and the comic strips of the day such as <i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Up_Father" title="Bringing Up Father">Bringing Up Father</a></i>, starring Maggie and Jiggs, which ran in daily newspapers for 87 years (1913 to 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-williams_334-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-assimilation56_335-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assimilation56-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Departed" title="The Departed">The Departed</a></i> (2006), Staff Sergeant Dignam regularly points out the dichotomy between the lace-curtain Irish lifestyle Billy Costigan enjoyed with his mother, and the shanty Irish lifestyle of Costigan's father. Since the late 20th century popular culture has paid special attention to Mexican immigration;<sup id="cite_ref-immigration57_336-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration57-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the film <i><a href="/wiki/Spanglish_(film)" title="Spanglish (film)">Spanglish</a></i> (2004) tells of a friendship of a Mexican housemaid (played by <a href="/wiki/Paz_Vega" title="Paz Vega">Paz Vega</a>) and her boss (played by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration_in_literature">Immigration in literature</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiggsslum1740.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maggie and Jiggs from Bringing Up Father, January 7, 1940"><img alt="Maggie and Jiggs from Bringing Up Father, January 7, 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a5/Jiggsslum1740.jpg" decoding="async" width="387" height="257" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>Maggie and Jiggs from <i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Up_Father" title="Bringing Up Father">Bringing Up Father</a></i>, January 7, 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>Novelists and writers have captured much of the color and challenge in their immigrant lives through their writings.<sup id="cite_ref-337" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding Irish women in the 19th century, there were numerous novels and short stories by Harvey O'Higgins, Peter McCorry, Bernard O'Reilly and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Orne_Jewett" title="Sarah Orne Jewett">Sarah Orne Jewett</a> that emphasize emancipation from Old World controls, new opportunities and expansiveness of the immigrant experience.<sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fears of <a href="/wiki/Population_decline" title="Population decline">population decline</a> have at times fueled anti-emigration sentiment in foreign countries. Hladnik studies three popular novels of the late 19th century that warned Slovenes not to migrate to the dangerous new world of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> some politicians oppose emigration to the United States because of a supposed <a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a> of highly qualified and educated Indian nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiyar_2012_340-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiyar_2012-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jewish American writer <a href="/wiki/Anzia_Yezierska" title="Anzia Yezierska">Anzia Yezierska</a> wrote her novel <i>Bread Givers</i> (1925) to explore such themes as Russian-Jewish immigration in the early 20th century, the tension between Old and New World Yiddish culture, and women's experience of immigration. A well established author Yezierska focused on the Jewish struggle to escape the ghetto and enter middle- and upper-class America. In the novel, the heroine, Sara Smolinsky, escapes from New York City's "down-town ghetto" by breaking tradition. She quits her job at the family store and soon becomes engaged to a rich real-estate magnate. She graduates college and takes a high-prestige job teaching public school. Finally Sara restores her broken links to family and religion.<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish author <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Moberg" title="Vilhelm Moberg">Vilhelm Moberg</a>, in the mid-20th century, wrote a series of four novels describing one Swedish family's migration from <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5land" title="Småland">Småland</a> to Minnesota in the late 19th century, a destiny shared by almost one million people. The author emphasizes the authenticity of the experiences as depicted (although he did change names).<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These novels have been translated into English (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Emigrants_(Swedish_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Emigrants (Swedish novel)">The Emigrants</a></i>, 1951, <i><a href="/wiki/Unto_a_Good_Land" title="Unto a Good Land">Unto a Good Land</a></i>, 1954, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Settlers_(novel)" title="The Settlers (novel)">The Settlers</a></i>, 1961, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Letter_Home" title="The Last Letter Home">The Last Letter Home</a></i>, 1961). The musical <i><a href="/wiki/Kristina_fr%C3%A5n_Duvem%C3%A5la" title="Kristina från Duvemåla">Kristina från Duvemåla</a></i> by ex-<a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a> members <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ulvaeus" title="Björn Ulvaeus">Björn Ulvaeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benny_Andersson" title="Benny Andersson">Benny Andersson</a> is based on this story.<sup id="cite_ref-introduction58_343-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-introduction58-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-historical_344-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historical-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Immigrant_(musical)" title="The Immigrant (musical)">The Immigrant</a></i> is a musical by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Alper" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Alper">Steven Alper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Knapp" title="Sarah Knapp">Sarah Knapp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Harelik" title="Mark Harelik">Mark Harelik</a>. The show is based on the story of Harelik's grandparents, Matleh and Haskell Harelik, who traveled to <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a> in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-colonytheatre_345-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colonytheatre-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentary_films">Documentary films</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Immigrant_to_America.ogv/220px-seek%3D204-Immigrant_to_America.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="1260" data-mwtitle="Immigrant_to_America.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Immigrant_to_America.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Immigrant_to_America.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Immigrant_to_America.ogv/Immigrant_to_America.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Immigrant_to_America.ogv/Immigrant_to_America.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Immigrant_to_America.ogv/Immigrant_to_America.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>A 1970 video about the history of immigration to the United States</figcaption></figure> <p>In their documentary <i><a href="/wiki/How_Democracy_Works_Now:_Twelve_Stories" title="How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories">How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories</a></i>, filmmakers <a href="/wiki/Shari_Robertson" title="Shari Robertson">Shari Robertson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Camerini" title="Michael Camerini">Michael Camerini</a> examine the American political system through the lens of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">immigration reform</a> from 2001 to 2007. Since the debut of the first five films, the series has become an important resource for advocates, policy-makers and educators.<sup id="cite_ref-typepad_346-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typepad-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That film series premiered nearly a decade after the filmmakers' landmark documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Well-Founded_Fear" title="Well-Founded Fear">Well-Founded Fear</a></i> which provided a behind-the-scenes look at the <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">process for seeking asylum in the United States</a>. That film still marks the only time that a film-crew was privy to the private proceedings at the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service</a> (INS), where individual asylum officers ponder the often life-or-death fate of immigrants seeking asylum. </p><p>The documentary <i>Trafficked with Mariana van Zeller</i> argued that <a href="/wiki/Weapons_smuggling" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons smuggling">weapons smuggling</a> from the United States contributed to insecurity in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, itself triggering more migration to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-347" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overall_approach_to_regulation">Overall approach to regulation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue-de-la-liberte-new-york.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Statue-de-la-liberte-new-york.jpg/220px-Statue-de-la-liberte-new-york.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Statue-de-la-liberte-new-york.jpg/330px-Statue-de-la-liberte-new-york.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Statue-de-la-liberte-new-york.jpg/440px-Statue-de-la-liberte-new-york.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> was a common sight to many immigrants who entered the United States through <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_School_of_Law" title="University of North Carolina School of Law">University of North Carolina School of Law</a> professor Hiroshi Motomura has identified three approaches the United States has taken to the legal status of immigrants in his book <i>Americans in Waiting: The Lost Story of Immigration and Citizenship in the United States</i>. The first, dominant in the 19th century, treated immigrants as in transition; in other words, as prospective citizens. As soon as people declared their intention to become citizens, they received multiple low-cost benefits, including the eligibility for free homesteads in the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Act_of_1862" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Act of 1862">Homestead Act of 1862</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-National_Archives_2016_348-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Archives_2016-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in many states, the right to vote. The goal was to make the country more attractive, so large numbers of farmers and skilled craftsmen would settle new lands. </p><p>By the 1880s, a second approach took over, treating newcomers as "immigrants by contract". An implicit deal existed where immigrants who were literate and could earn their own living were permitted in restricted numbers. Once in the United States, they would have limited legal rights, but were not allowed to vote until they became citizens, and would not be eligible for the New Deal government benefits available in the 1930s. </p><p>The third policy is "immigration by affiliation", originating in the later half of the 20th century, which Motomura argues is the treatment which depends on how deeply rooted people have become in the country. An immigrant who applies for citizenship as soon as permitted, has a long history of working in the United States, and has significant family ties, is more deeply affiliated and can expect better treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-immigration59_349-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration59-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a> is the belief that through hard work and determination, any United States immigrant can achieve a better life, usually in terms of financial prosperity and enhanced personal freedom of choice.<sup id="cite_ref-economics_350-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economics-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historians, the rapid economic and industrial expansion of the U.S. is not simply a function of being a resource rich, hard working, and inventive country, but the belief that anybody could get a share of the country's wealth if he or she was willing to work hard.<sup id="cite_ref-pennsylvania_351-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pennsylvania-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dream has been a major factor in attracting immigrants to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-american_352-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-american-352"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_laws_concerning_immigration_and_naturalization_in_the_United_States" title="History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States">History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Democracy_Works_Now:_Twelve_Stories" title="How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories">How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policies_of_American_labor_unions" title="Immigration policies of American labor unions">Immigration policies of American labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inequality_within_immigrant_families_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inequality within immigrant families (United States)">Inequality within immigrant families (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism (politics)</a>, opposition to immigration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_immigration_statistics" title="United States immigration statistics">United States immigration statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_benefits_urban_legend" title="Immigrant benefits urban legend">Immigrant benefits urban legend</a>, a hoax regarding benefits comparison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_peril#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow peril">Yellow peril § United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ACS2015-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACS2015_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Refers to 2013–2017 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> data;<sup id="cite_ref-ACS2015ForeignBorn_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS2015ForeignBorn-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000 census</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS2010-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACS2010_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Refers to 2008–2012 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> data;<sup id="cite_ref-ACS2010ForeignBorn_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS2010ForeignBorn-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000 census</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UNdef-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNdef_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf">"International Migrant Stock 2019 Documentation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United Nations</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605234203/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=International+Migrant+Stock+2019+Documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fmigration%2Fdata%2Festimates2%2Fdocs%2FMigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx">"UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308231109/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fmigration%2Fdata%2Festimates2%2Fdata%2FUN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states">"Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></i>. March 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209224529/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Migration+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=Frequently+Requested+Statistics+on+Immigrants+and+Immigration+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2019-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationpolicy.org%2Farticle%2Ffrequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016Yearbook-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016Yearbook_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016Yearbook_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016Yearbook_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2016/table7">"Table 7. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status By Type And Detailed Class Of Admission: Fiscal Year 2016–2016 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics"</a>. <i>DHS.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a> (DHS). December 18, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200403052733/https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2016/table7">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DHS.gov&rft.atitle=Table+7.+Persons+Obtaining+Lawful+Permanent+Resident+Status+By+Type+And+Detailed+Class+Of+Admission%3A+Fiscal+Year+2016%E2%80%932016+Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Fyearbook%2F2016%2Ftable7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/other-ways-get-green-card/green-card-a-victim-a-crime-u-nonimmigrant">"Green Card for a Victim of a Crime (U Nonimmigrant)"</a>. <i>www.uscis.gov</i>. May 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uscis.gov&rft.atitle=Green+Card+for+a+Victim+of+a+Crime+%28U+Nonimmigrant%29&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscis.gov%2Fgreen-card%2Fother-ways-get-green-card%2Fgreen-card-a-victim-a-crime-u-nonimmigrant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hplct.org/assets/uploads/files/Library%20Services/Immigration/BLOGS/INS_CLASS_of_Admissions.pdf">"INS Class of Admission Codes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.hplct.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hplct.org&rft.atitle=INS+Class+of+Admission+Codes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hplct.org%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2FLibrary%2520Services%2FImmigration%2FBLOGS%2FINS_CLASS_of_Admissions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-american-gatekeeping-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-american-gatekeeping_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonerFredrickson2005" class="citation book cs1">Foner, Nancy; Fredrickson, George M., eds. (December 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uHmccaV4MuAC&pg=PA119">"Chapter 6: American Gatekeeping: Race and Immigration Law in the Twentieth Century"</a>. <i>Not Just Black and White: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States</i>. Russell Sage Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87154-270-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87154-270-0"><bdi>978-0-87154-270-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101041323/https://books.google.com/books?id=uHmccaV4MuAC&pg=PA119&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6%3A+American+Gatekeeping%3A+Race+and+Immigration+Law+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.btitle=Not+Just+Black+and+White%3A+Historical+and+Contemporary+Perspectives+on+Immigration%2C+Race%2C+and+Ethnicity+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=2005-12-08&rft.isbn=978-0-87154-270-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuHmccaV4MuAC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-per-country-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-per-country_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-per-country_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/tools/glossary/country-limit">"Per Country Limit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121232201/http://www.uscis.gov/tools/glossary/country-limit">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Per+Country+Limit&rft.pub=U.S.+Citizenship+and+Immigration+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscis.gov%2Ftools%2Fglossary%2Fcountry-limit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> in 1965.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-migrationinformation-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-migrationinformation_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=723">Immigrants in the United States and the Current Economic Crisis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100408062826/http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=723">Archived</a> April 8, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Demetrios G. Papademetriou and Aaron Terrazas, <i>Migration Policy Institute</i>, April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aaimTNHDzZYC&pg=PA32">Immigration Worldwide: Policies, Practices, and Trends</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101041323/https://books.google.com/books?id=aaimTNHDzZYC&pg=PA32&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>". Uma A. Segal, Doreen Elliott, Nazneen S. Mayadas (2010),</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cis.org/Camarota/Monthly-Census-Bureau-Data-Shows-Big-Increase-ForeignBorn">"Monthly Census Bureau Data Shows Big Increase in Foreign-Born"</a>. November 2, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217044905/https://cis.org/Camarota/Monthly-Census-Bureau-Data-Shows-Big-Increase-ForeignBorn">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Census+Bureau+Data+Shows+Big+Increase+in+Foreign-Born&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcis.org%2FCamarota%2FMonthly-Census-Bureau-Data-Shows-Big-Increase-ForeignBorn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KeyFindings-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KeyFindings_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/">"Key findings about U.S. immigrants"</a>. Pew Research Center. June 17, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227051906/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+findings+about+U.S.+immigrants&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2019-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F06%2F17%2Fkey-findings-about-u-s-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PewRefugees-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PewRefugees_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJens_Manuel_Krogstad2019" class="citation web cs1">Jens Manuel Krogstad (October 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/10/07/key-facts-about-refugees-to-the-u-s/">"Key facts about refugees to the U.S."</a> Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006022557/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/10/07/key-facts-about-refugees-to-the-u-s/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+facts+about+refugees+to+the+U.S.&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2019-10-07&rft.au=Jens+Manuel+Krogstad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F10%2F07%2Fkey-facts-about-refugees-to-the-u-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASEM-2015-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASEM-2015_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASEM-2015_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/21746/chapter/9#326"><i>The Integration of Immigrants into American Society</i></a>. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F21746">10.17226/21746</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-37398-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-37398-2"><bdi>978-0-309-37398-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402111002/https://www.nap.edu/read/21746/chapter/9#326">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span>. <q>Americans have long believed that immigrants are more likely than natives to commit crimes and that rising immigration leads to rising crime ... This belief is remarkably resilient to the contrary evidence that immigrants are in fact much less likely than natives to commit crimes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Integration+of+Immigrants+into+American+Society&rft.pub=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F21746&rft.isbn=978-0-309-37398-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fread%2F21746%2Fchapter%2F9%23326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doleac-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-doleac_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-doleac_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoleac2017" class="citation news cs1">Doleac, Jennifer (February 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://econofact.org/are-immigrants-more-likely-to-commit-crimes">"Are immigrants more likely to commit crimes?"</a>. <i>Econofact</i>. <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy">Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216053942/http://econofact.org/are-immigrants-more-likely-to-commit-crimes">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econofact&rft.atitle=Are+immigrants+more+likely+to+commit+crimes%3F&rft.date=2017-02-14&rft.aulast=Doleac&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconofact.org%2Fare-immigrants-more-likely-to-commit-crimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crimearticles-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crimearticles_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crimearticles_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraifSampson2009" class="citation journal cs1">Graif, Corina; Sampson, Robert J. (July 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911240">"Spatial Heterogeneity in the Effects of Immigration and Diversity on Neighborhood Homicide Rates"</a>. <i>Homicide Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 242–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1088767909336728">10.1177/1088767909336728</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1088-7679">1088-7679</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911240">2911240</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20671811">20671811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homicide+Studies&rft.atitle=Spatial+Heterogeneity+in+the+Effects+of+Immigration+and+Diversity+on+Neighborhood+Homicide+Rates&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=242-60&rft.date=2009-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2911240%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1088-7679&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20671811&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1088767909336728&rft.aulast=Graif&rft.aufirst=Corina&rft.au=Sampson%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2911240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeMartinezRosenfeld2001" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Matthew T.; Martinez, Ramiro; Rosenfeld, Richard (September 1, 2001). "Does Immigration Increase Homicide?". <i>Sociological Quarterly</i>. <b>42</b> (4): 559–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.2001.tb01780.x">10.1111/j.1533-8525.2001.tb01780.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1533-8525">1533-8525</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143182621">143182621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Does+Immigration+Increase+Homicide%3F&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=559-80&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143182621%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1533-8525&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.2001.tb01780.x&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Matthew+T.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+Ramiro&rft.au=Rosenfeld%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuseyKubrin2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ousey, Graham C.; Kubrin, Charis E. (October 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gt5r3xv">"Immigration and the Changing Nature of Homicide in US Cities, 1980–2010"</a>. <i>Journal of Quantitative Criminology</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 453–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10940-013-9210-5">10.1007/s10940-013-9210-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42681671">42681671</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814080540/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gt5r3xv">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Quantitative+Criminology&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+the+Changing+Nature+of+Homicide+in+US+Cities%2C+1980%E2%80%932010&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=453-83&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10940-013-9210-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42681671%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ousey&rft.aufirst=Graham+C.&rft.au=Kubrin%2C+Charis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F6gt5r3xv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinezLeeNielsen2004" class="citation journal cs1">Martinez, Ramiro; Lee, Matthew T.; Nielsen, Amie L. (March 1, 2004). "Segmented Assimilation, Local Context and Determinants of Drug Violence in Miami and San Diego: Does Ethnicity and Immigration Matter?". <i>International Migration Review</i>. <b>38</b> (1): 131–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1747-7379.2004.tb00191.x">10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00191.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1747-7379">1747-7379</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144567229">144567229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=Segmented+Assimilation%2C+Local+Context+and+Determinants+of+Drug+Violence+in+Miami+and+San+Diego%3A+Does+Ethnicity+and+Immigration+Matter%3F&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131-57&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144567229%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1747-7379&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1747-7379.2004.tb00191.x&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Ramiro&rft.au=Lee%2C+Matthew+T.&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Amie+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristin_F._ButcherAnne_Morrison_Piehl1998" class="citation journal cs1">Kristin F. Butcher; Anne Morrison Piehl (Summer 1998). "Cross-city evidence on the relationship between immigration and crime". <i>Journal of Policy Analysis and Management</i>. <b>17</b> (3): 457–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-6688%28199822%2917%3A3%3C457%3A%3AAID-PAM4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-F">10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199822)17:3<457::AID-PAM4>3.0.CO;2-F</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Policy+Analysis+and+Management&rft.atitle=Cross-city+evidence+on+the+relationship+between+immigration+and+crime&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=457-93&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-6688%28199822%2917%3A3%3C457%3A%3AAID-PAM4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-F&rft.au=Kristin+F.+Butcher&rft.au=Anne+Morrison+Piehl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcherPiehl2007" class="citation journal cs1">Butcher, Kristin F.; Piehl, Anne Morrison (July 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w13229.pdf">"Why are Immigrants' Incarceration Rates so Low? Evidence on Selective Immigration, Deterrence, and Deportation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NBER Working Paper No. 13229</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw13229">10.3386/w13229</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419%2F31301">10419/31301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31160880">31160880</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190801210941/https://www.nber.org/papers/w13229.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBER+Working+Paper+No.+13229&rft.atitle=Why+are+Immigrants%27+Incarceration+Rates+so+Low%3F+Evidence+on+Selective+Immigration%2C+Deterrence%2C+and+Deportation&rft.date=2007-07-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10419%2F31301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31160880%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw13229&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Kristin+F.&rft.au=Piehl%2C+Anne+Morrison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw13229.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcherPiehl1998" class="citation journal cs1">Butcher, Kristin F.; Piehl, Anne Morrison (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w6067.pdf">"Recent Immigrants: Unexpected Implications for Crime and Incarceration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Industrial and Labor Relations Review</i>. <b>51</b> (4): 654–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001979399805100406">10.1177/001979399805100406</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154971599">154971599</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212173326/https://www.nber.org/papers/w6067.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+and+Labor+Relations+Review&rft.atitle=Recent+Immigrants%3A+Unexpected+Implications+for+Crime+and+Incarceration&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=654-79&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001979399805100406&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154971599%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Kristin+F.&rft.au=Piehl%2C+Anne+Morrison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw6067.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffBaglivioIntraviaPiquero2015" class="citation journal cs1">Wolff, Kevin T.; Baglivio, Michael T.; Intravia, Jonathan; Piquero, Alex R. (November 1, 2015). "The protective impact of immigrant concentration on juvenile recidivism: A statewide analysis of youth offenders". <i>Journal of Criminal Justice</i>. <b>43</b> (6): 522–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jcrimjus.2015.05.004">10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.05.004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Criminal+Justice&rft.atitle=The+protective+impact+of+immigrant+concentration+on+juvenile+recidivism%3A+A+statewide+analysis+of+youth+offenders&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=522-31&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jcrimjus.2015.05.004&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Kevin+T.&rft.au=Baglivio%2C+Michael+T.&rft.au=Intravia%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Piquero%2C+Alex+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReidWeissAdelmanJaret2005" class="citation journal cs1">Reid, Lesley Williams; Weiss, Harald E.; Adelman, Robert M.; Jaret, Charles (December 1, 2005). "The immigration–crime relationship: Evidence across US metropolitan areas". <i>Social Science Research</i>. <b>34</b> (4): 757–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ssresearch.2005.01.001">10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.01.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Research&rft.atitle=The+immigration%E2%80%93crime+relationship%3A+Evidence+across+US+metropolitan+areas&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=757-80&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ssresearch.2005.01.001&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Lesley+Williams&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Harald+E.&rft.au=Adelman%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Jaret%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesFagan2012" class="citation journal cs1">Davies, Garth; Fagan, Jeffrey (May 1, 2012). "Crime and Enforcement in Immigrant Neighborhoods Evidence from New York City". <i>The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i>. <b>641</b> (1): 99–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002716212438938">10.1177/0002716212438938</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7162">0002-7162</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143497882">143497882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.atitle=Crime+and+Enforcement+in+Immigrant+Neighborhoods+Evidence+from+New+York+City&rft.volume=641&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=99-124&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143497882%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0002-7162&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0002716212438938&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Garth&rft.au=Fagan%2C+Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinezStowellIwama2016" class="citation journal cs1">Martinez, Ramiro Jr.; Stowell, Jacob I.; Iwama, Janice A. (March 21, 2016). "The Role of Immigration: Race/Ethnicity and San Diego Homicides Since 1970". <i>Journal of Quantitative Criminology</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 471–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10940-016-9294-9">10.1007/s10940-016-9294-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0748-4518">0748-4518</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147072245">147072245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Quantitative+Criminology&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Immigration%3A+Race%2FEthnicity+and+San+Diego+Homicides+Since+1970&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=471-88&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147072245%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0748-4518&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10940-016-9294-9&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Ramiro+Jr.&rft.au=Stowell%2C+Jacob+I.&rft.au=Iwama%2C+Janice+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalfin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chalfin, Aaron (March 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faler%2Faht019">"What is the Contribution of Mexican Immigration to U.S. Crime Rates? Evidence from Rainfall Shocks in Mexico"</a>. <i>American Law and Economics Review</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 220–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faler%2Faht019">10.1093/aler/aht019</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-7252">1465-7252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Law+and+Economics+Review&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Contribution+of+Mexican+Immigration+to+U.S.+Crime+Rates%3F+Evidence+from+Rainfall+Shocks+in+Mexico&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=220-68&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faler%2Faht019&rft.issn=1465-7252&rft.aulast=Chalfin&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Faler%252Faht019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/10/15/crime-rises-among-second-generation-immigrants-as-they-assimilate/">"Crime rises among second-generation immigrants as they assimilate"</a>. Pew Research Center. October 15, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211221622/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/10/15/crime-rises-among-second-generation-immigrants-as-they-assimilate/">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crime+rises+among+second-generation+immigrants+as+they+assimilate&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2013%2F10%2F15%2Fcrime-rises-among-second-generation-immigrants-as-they-assimilate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuseyKubrin2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ousey, Graham C.; Kubrin, Charis E. (August 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2143&context=aspubs">"Exploring the Connection between Immigration and Violent Crime Rates in U.S. Cities, 1980–2000"</a>. <i>Social Problems</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 447–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fsp.2009.56.3.447">10.1525/sp.2009.56.3.447</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7791">0037-7791</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3054800">3054800</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306041245/https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2143&context=aspubs">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Problems&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Connection+between+Immigration+and+Violent+Crime+Rates+in+U.S.+Cities%2C+1980%E2%80%932000&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=447-73&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3054800%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0037-7791&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fsp.2009.56.3.447&rft.aulast=Ousey&rft.aufirst=Graham+C.&rft.au=Kubrin%2C+Charis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.wm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2143%26context%3Daspubs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLightUlmer2016" class="citation journal cs1">Light, Michael T.; Ulmer, Jeffery T. (April 1, 2016). "Explaining the Gaps in White, Black, and Hispanic Violence since 1990 Accounting for Immigration, Incarceration, and Inequality". <i>American Sociological Review</i>. <b>81</b> (2): 290–315. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0003122416635667">10.1177/0003122416635667</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1224">0003-1224</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53346960">53346960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+Gaps+in+White%2C+Black%2C+and+Hispanic+Violence+since+1990+Accounting+for+Immigration%2C+Incarceration%2C+and+Inequality&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=290-315&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53346960%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-1224&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0003122416635667&rft.aulast=Light&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft.au=Ulmer%2C+Jeffery+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBersani2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bersani, Bianca E. (March 4, 2014). "An Examination of First and Second Generation Immigrant Offending Trajectories". <i>Justice Quarterly</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 315–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07418825.2012.659200">10.1080/07418825.2012.659200</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0741-8825">0741-8825</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144240275">144240275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Justice+Quarterly&rft.atitle=An+Examination+of+First+and+Second+Generation+Immigrant+Offending+Trajectories&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=315-43&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144240275%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0741-8825&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07418825.2012.659200&rft.aulast=Bersani&rft.aufirst=Bianca+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpenkuch2014" class="citation web cs1">Spenkuch, Jörg L. (June 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/does_immigration_increase_crime">"Does Immigration Increase Crime?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514111125/http://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/does_immigration_increase_crime">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Immigration+Increase+Crime%3F&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft.aulast=Spenkuch&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsight.kellogg.northwestern.edu%2Farticle%2Fdoes_immigration_increase_crime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=776">"Crime, Corrections, and California: What Does Immigration Have to Do with It? (PPIC Publication)"</a>. <i>www.ppic.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514005955/http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=776">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ppic.org&rft.atitle=Crime%2C+Corrections%2C+and+California%3A+What+Does+Immigration+Have+to+Do+with+It%3F+%28PPIC+Publication%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ppic.org%2Fmain%2Fpublication.asp%3Fi%3D776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldHippGill2012" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, John M.; Hipp, John R.; Gill, Charlotte (June 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9x17m7w5">"The Effects of Immigrant Concentration on Changes in Neighborhood Crime Rates"</a>. <i>Journal of Quantitative Criminology</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 191–215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10940-012-9176-8">10.1007/s10940-012-9176-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26475008">26475008</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115112825/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x17m7w5">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Quantitative+Criminology&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Immigrant+Concentration+on+Changes+in+Neighborhood+Crime+Rates&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=191-215&rft.date=2012-06-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10940-012-9176-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26475008%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=Hipp%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Gill%2C+Charlotte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F9x17m7w5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelmanReidMarkleWeiss2017" class="citation journal cs1">Adelman, Robert; Reid, Lesley Williams; Markle, Gail; Weiss, Saskia; Jaret, Charles (January 2, 2017). "Urban crime rates and the changing face of immigration: Evidence across four decades". <i>Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 52–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15377938.2016.1261057">10.1080/15377938.2016.1261057</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-7938">1537-7938</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147588658">147588658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnicity+in+Criminal+Justice&rft.atitle=Urban+crime+rates+and+the+changing+face+of+immigration%3A+Evidence+across+four+decades&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52-77&rft.date=2017-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147588658%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1537-7938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15377938.2016.1261057&rft.aulast=Adelman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Reid%2C+Lesley+Williams&rft.au=Markle%2C+Gail&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Saskia&rft.au=Jaret%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisFeldmeyer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Casey T.; Feldmeyer, Ben (January 2013). "Latino immigration and White, Black, and Latino violent crime: A comparison of traditional and non-traditional immigrant destinations". <i>Social Science Research</i>. <b>42</b> (1): 202–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ssresearch.2012.08.014">10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.08.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23146607">23146607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Research&rft.atitle=Latino+immigration+and+White%2C+Black%2C+and+Latino+violent+crime%3A+A+comparison+of+traditional+and+non-traditional+immigrant+destinations&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=202-16&rft.date=2013-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ssresearch.2012.08.014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23146607&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Casey+T.&rft.au=Feldmeyer%2C+Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-virtualjamestown-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-virtualjamestown_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualjamestown.org/essays/horn_essay.html">Leaving England: The Social Background of Indentured Servants in the Seventeenth Century</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106140842/http://www.virtualjamestown.org//essays/horn_essay.html">Archived</a> January 6, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/century-of-growth/1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf#page=121">"A Century of Population Growth. From the First to the Twelfth Census of the United States: 1790–1900"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220910221959/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/century-of-growth/1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf#page=121">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+Population+Growth.+From+the+First+to+the+Twelfth+Census+of+the+United+States%3A+1790%E2%80%931900.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1900%2Fcentury-of-growth%2F1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf%23page%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler, <i>Becoming America, The Revolution before 1776</i>, 2000, pp. 34–35 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-00091-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-00091-9">0-674-00091-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford History of the British Empire</i>, "The Eighteenth Century," Ed. P. J. Marshall, p. 3 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820563-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820563-5">0-19-820563-5</a> the number given is at 80,000 less 29,000 Welsh which seems strange to the author, James Horn; Duncan also regards this as a "mystery"; it does not include the 50,000–120,000 convicts transported, most of whom were English</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of the Colonial and Revolutionary America</i>, 1996 pp. 200–02 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80687-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80687-8">0-306-80687-8</a>; Jon Butler, <i>Becoming America, The Revolution before 1776</i>, 2000, pp. 16–49 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-00091-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-00091-9">0-674-00091-9</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mertsahinoglu-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mertsahinoglu_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mertsahinoglu.com/research/indentured-servitude-colonial-america/">Indentured Servitude in Colonial America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091228034715/http://mertsahinoglu.com/research/indentured-servitude-colonial-america/">Archived</a> December 28, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Deanna Barker, <i>Frontier Resources</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia, p. 202)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler, p. 35 producers of watches, jewelry, furniture, skilled construction workers, food and service trade workers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPG1909-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPG1909_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPG1909_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossiter1909" class="citation book cs1">Rossiter, W. S. (1909). "Chapter XI. Nationality as Indicated by Names of Families Reported at the First Census". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220910221959/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/century-of-growth/1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf"><i>A Century of Population Growth. From the First to the Twelfth Census of the United States: 1790–1900</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bureau_of_the_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Bureau of the Census">U.S. Bureau of the Census</a>. pp. 116–124. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/century-of-growth/1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XI.+Nationality+as+Indicated+by+Names+of+Families+Reported+at+the+First+Census&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+Population+Growth.+From+the+First+to+the+Twelfth+Census+of+the+United+States%3A+1790%E2%80%931900.&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=116-124&rft.pub=U.S.+Bureau+of+the+Census&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Rossiter&rft.aufirst=W.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1900%2Fcentury-of-growth%2F1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACLS1929-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACLS1929_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Council_of_Learned_Societies._Committee_on_Linguistic_and_National_Stocks_in_the_Population_of_the_United_States1932" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_Council_of_Learned_Societies" title="American Council of Learned Societies">American Council of Learned Societies. Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States</a> (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DVA42JB6IYsC&pg=PA101"><i>Report of the Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government Printing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1086749050">1086749050</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130212204/https://books.google.com/books?id=DVA42JB6IYsC&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Committee+on+Linguistic+and+National+Stocks+in+the+Population+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1086749050&rft.au=American+Council+of+Learned+Societies.+Committee+on+Linguistic+and+National+Stocks+in+the+Population+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDVA42JB6IYsC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trends-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trends_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trends_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonWhelpton1933" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Warren Simpson; Whelpton, Pascal Kidder (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015006471422?urlappend=%3Bseq=99%3Bownerid=13510798883835578-103">"Chapter III The National Origins of the White Population"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015006471422"><i>Population trends in the United States</i></a>. Recent social trends monographs. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015006471422?urlappend=%3Bseq=99">2027/mdp.39015006471422</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3529140">3529140</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+III+The+National+Origins+of+the+White+Population&rft.btitle=Population+trends+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Recent+social+trends+monographs&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Company&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015006471422%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D99&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3529140&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Warren+Simpson&rft.au=Whelpton%2C+Pascal+Kidder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015006471422%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D99%253Bownerid%3D13510798883835578-103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forest-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-forest_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWedin2012" class="citation web cs1">Wedin, Maud (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200220/http://www.americanswedish.org/Highlights%20of%20Research%20on%20Forest%20Finns.pdf">"Highlights of Research in Scandinavia on Forest Finns"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American-Swedish Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanswedish.org/Highlights%20of%20Research%20on%20Forest%20Finns.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+Research+in+Scandinavia+on+Forest+Finns&rft.pub=American-Swedish+Organization&rft.date=2012-10&rft.aulast=Wedin&rft.aufirst=Maud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanswedish.org%2FHighlights%2520of%2520Research%2520on%2520Forest%2520Finns.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/immigration/articles/magazine/ah/1981/1/1981_1_50.shtml">A Look at the Record: The Facts Behind the Current Controversy Over Immigration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211093437/http://americanheritage.com/immigration/articles/magazine/ah/1981/1/1981_1_50.shtml">Archived</a> February 11, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Magazine">American Heritage Magazine</a>. December 1981. Volume 33, Issue 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/fast_facts/1790_fast_facts.html">"History: 1790 Fast Facts"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009051127/https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/fast_facts/1790_fast_facts.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%3A+1790+Fast+Facts&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fhistory%2Fwww%2Fthrough_the_decades%2Ffast_facts%2F1790_fast_facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Minorities_in_American_Politics:_African_Americans_and_Asian_Americans-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Minorities_in_American_Politics:_African_Americans_and_Asian_Americans_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz2002" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, Jeffrey D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WDV40aK1T-sC&q=African+Americans+discriminated+by+Naturalization+Act+of+1790&pg=PA284"><i>Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans</i></a>. Oryx Press. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-148-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-148-8"><bdi>978-1-57356-148-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307150238/https://books.google.com/books?id=WDV40aK1T-sC&q=African+Americans+discriminated+by+Naturalization+Act+of+1790&pg=PA284">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Minorities+in+American+Politics%3A+African+Americans+and+Asian+Americans&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Oryx+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57356-148-8&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWDV40aK1T-sC%26q%3DAfrican%2BAmericans%2Bdiscriminated%2Bby%2BNaturalization%2BAct%2Bof%2B1790%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitman2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Whitman" title="James Whitman">Whitman, James Q.</a> (2017). <i>Hitler's American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17242-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17242-2"><bdi>978-0-691-17242-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+American+Model%3A+The+United+States+and+the+Making+of+Nazi+Race+Law&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-691-17242-2&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=James+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422211236/http://www.consular.canada.usembassy.gov/first_nations_canada.asp">"First Nations and Native Americans"</a>. United States Embassy, Consular Services Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consular.canada.usembassy.gov/first_nations_canada.asp">the original</a> on April 22, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Nations+and+Native+Americans&rft.pub=United+States+Embassy%2C+Consular+Services+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consular.canada.usembassy.gov%2Ffirst_nations_canada.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHele2008" class="citation book cs1">Hele, Karl S. (2008). <i>Lines Drawn upon the Water: First Nations and the Great Lakes Borders and Borderlands</i>. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55458-004-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55458-004-0"><bdi>978-1-55458-004-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lines+Drawn+upon+the+Water%3A+First+Nations+and+the+Great+Lakes+Borders+and+Borderlands&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-55458-004-0&rft.aulast=Hele&rft.aufirst=Karl+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rights-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rights_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ptla.org/border-crossing-rights-jay-treaty">"Border Crossing Rights Under the Jay Treaty"</a>. <i>Pine Tree Legal Assistance</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240124154339/https://ptla.org/border-crossing-rights-jay-treaty">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pine+Tree+Legal+Assistance&rft.atitle=Border+Crossing+Rights+Under+the+Jay+Treaty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fptla.org%2Fborder-crossing-rights-jay-treaty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-americanheritage-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-americanheritage_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/immigration/articles/magazine/ah/1994/1/1994_1_75.shtml">A Nation of Immigrants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129082533/http://americanheritage.com/immigration/articles/magazine/ah/1994/1/1994_1_75.shtml">Archived</a> November 29, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Magazine">American Heritage Magazine</a>. February/March 1994. Volume 45, Issue 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tandfonline-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tandfonline_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2001" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, Nicholas J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21533369.2001.9668313">"Indirect passage from Europe: Transmigration via the UK, 1836–1914"</a>. <i>Journal for Maritime Research</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 70–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21533369.2001.9668313">10.1080/21533369.2001.9668313</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+Maritime+Research&rft.atitle=Indirect+passage+from+Europe%3A+Transmigration+via+the+UK%2C+1836%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=70-84&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F21533369.2001.9668313&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F21533369.2001.9668313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_real_immigration_scare_tactics-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_real_immigration_scare_tactics_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWill2010" class="citation news cs1">Will, George P. (May 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/30/AR2010043001667.html">"The real immigration scare tactics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Washington, DC. p. A17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100825072233/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/30/AR2010043001667.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+real+immigration+scare+tactics&rft.pages=A17&rft.date=2010-05-02&rft.aulast=Will&rft.aufirst=George+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F04%2F30%2FAR2010043001667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houstonhistory-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-houstonhistory_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://houstonhistory.com/decades/history5g.htm">Turn of the Century (1900–1910)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100221032043/http://www.houstonhistory.com/decades/history5g.htm">Archived</a> February 21, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". HoustonHistory.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google3-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google3_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=87snuOaE7DwC&pg=PA212">An Introduction to Bilingualism: Principles and Processes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101041323/https://books.google.com/books?id=87snuOaE7DwC&pg=PA212&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Jeanette Altarriba, Roberto R. Heredia (2008). p. 212. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8058-5135-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8058-5135-6">0-8058-5135-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitler's_American_Model_2017_p._35-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hitler's_American_Model_2017_p._35_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Whitman" title="James Whitman">James Whitman</a>, <i>Hitler's American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law</i>, (Princeton: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, 2017), p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nwsource-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nwsource_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003265600_impghistory20.html">Old fears over new faces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120816193241/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003265600_impghistory20.html">Archived</a> August 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>The Seattle Times</i>, September 21, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABA1924-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABA1924_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaman1924" class="citation journal cs1">Beaman, Middleton (July 1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25709038">"Current Legislation: The Immigration Act of 1924"</a>. <i>American Bar Association Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (7). American Bar Association: 490–492. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25709038">25709038</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019141217/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25709038">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Bar+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Current+Legislation%3A+The+Immigration+Act+of+1924.&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=490-492&rft.date=1924-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25709038%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Beaman&rft.aufirst=Middleton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25709038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statabstract1931-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statabstract1931_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210329144712/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/1931/compendia/statab/53ed/1931-03.pdf">"Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1931"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (53rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. August 1931. pp. 103–107. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/1931/compendia/statab/53ed/1931-03.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Abstract+of+the+United+States%3A+1931.&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=103-107&rft.edition=53rd&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce%2C+Bureau+of+Foreign+and+Domestic+Commerce&rft.date=1931-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F1931%2Fcompendia%2Fstatab%2F53ed%2F1931-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCarran1950-5-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCarran1950-5_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary1950" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a> (April 20, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220908005206/https://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2008,0701-senatereport81-1515part5of5.pdf">Investigation of the Immigration and Naturalization Systems of the United States</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government Printing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>. pp. 768–925. Senate Report No. 81-1515. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2008,0701-senatereport81-1515part5of5.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Investigation+of+the+Immigration+and+Naturalization+Systems+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=768-925&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1950-04-20&rft.au=U.S.+Senate+Committee+on+the+Judiciary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilw.com%2Fimmigrationdaily%2Fnews%2F2008%2C0701-senatereport81-1515part5of5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mit-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mit_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simile.mit.edu/timeplot/examples/immigration/immigration.txt">Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status in the United States of America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217061929/http://simile.mit.edu/timeplot/examples/immigration/immigration.txt">Archived</a> February 17, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Source: US Department of Homeland Security</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cato-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cato_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9806">A Great Depression?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927145651/http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9806">Archived</a> September 27, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Steve H. Hanke, <i>Cato Institute</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thernstrom-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thernstrom_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thernstrom, <i>Harvard Guide to American Ethnic Groups</i> (1980)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yale-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yale_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1998/4/98.04.04.x.html">The Great Depression and New Deal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310130158/http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1998/4/98.04.04.x.html">Archived</a> March 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Joyce Bryant, <i>Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushmm-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ushmm_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/st-louis/teach/supread2.htm">"Jewish refugees from the German Reich, 1933–1939"</a>. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521043343/http://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/st-louis/teach/supread2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+refugees+from+the+German+Reich%2C+1933%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fexhibition%2Fst-louis%2Fteach%2Fsupread2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-experience-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-experience_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro2005" class="citation book cs1">Navarro, Armando (2005). <i>Mexicano Political Experience in Occupied Aztlán</i>. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0566-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0566-9"><bdi>978-0-7591-0566-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mexicano+Political+Experience+in+Occupied+Aztl%C3%A1n&rft.place=Walnut+Creek%2C+CA&rft.pub=Altamira+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0566-9&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=Armando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes_20240612-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_20240612_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonhardt2024" class="citation news cs1">Leonhardt, David (June 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/12/briefing/immigration-european-us-elections.html">"The Force Shaping Western Politics"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240612124539/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/12/briefing/immigration-european-us-elections.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Force+Shaping+Western+Politics&rft.date=2024-06-12&rft.aulast=Leonhardt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F06%2F12%2Fbriefing%2Fimmigration-european-us-elections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globe_obama-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globe_obama_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globe_obama_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_S._Canellos2008" class="citation journal cs1">Peter S. Canellos (November 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com:80/news/politics/2008/articles/2008/11/11/obama_victory_took_root_in_kennedy_inspired_immigration_act/?page=full">"Obama victory took root in Kennedy-inspired Immigration Act"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805201920/http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/2008/11/11/obama_victory_took_root_in_kennedy_inspired_immigration_act/?page=full">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Obama+victory+took+root+in+Kennedy-inspired+Immigration+Act&rft.date=2008-11-11&rft.au=Peter+S.+Canellos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%3A80%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2008%2Farticles%2F2008%2F11%2F11%2Fobama_victory_took_root_in_kennedy_inspired_immigration_act%2F%3Fpage%3Dfull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google4-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google4_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EB29BrnCMm4C&pg=PA280">Trends in International Migration 2002: Continuous Reporting System on Migration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101041323/https://books.google.com/books?id=EB29BrnCMm4C&pg=PA280&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2003). OECD Publishing. p. 280. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-64-19949-7" title="Special:BookSources/92-64-19949-7">92-64-19949-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lazonick2009-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lazonick2009_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazonick2009" class="citation book cs1">Lazonick, William (2009). <i>Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy?: Business Organization and High-tech Employment in the United States</i>. W.E. Upjohn Institute. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88099-351-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88099-351-7"><bdi>978-0-88099-351-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sustainable+Prosperity+in+the+New+Economy%3F%3A+Business+Organization+and+High-tech+Employment+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=W.E.+Upjohn+Institute&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-88099-351-7&rft.aulast=Lazonick&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KandelWilsonDonovan2022-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KandelWilsonDonovan2022_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKandelWilsonDonovan2022" class="citation web cs1">Kandel, William A.; Wilson, Jill H.; Donovan, Sarah A. (July 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47164">"U.S. Employment-Based Immigration Policy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Employment-Based+Immigration+Policy&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft.aulast=Kandel&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Jill+H.&rft.au=Donovan%2C+Sarah+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FR%2FR47164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RansomWinters2021-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RansomWinters2021_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRansomWinters2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ransom, Tyler; Winters, John V. (2021). "Do Foreigners Crowd Natives out of STEM Degrees and Occupations? Evidence from the US Immigration Act of 1990". <i>ILR Review</i>. <b>74</b> (2): 321–351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0019793919894554">10.1177/0019793919894554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILR+Review&rft.atitle=Do+Foreigners+Crowd+Natives+out+of+STEM+Degrees+and+Occupations%3F+Evidence+from+the+US+Immigration+Act+of+1990&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=321-351&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0019793919894554&rft.aulast=Ransom&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft.au=Winters%2C+John+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson2022-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson2022_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2022" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Stuart (October 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2022/10/18/national-academy-of-sciences-boost-immigration-immigrant-scientists/">"National Academy Of Sciences: Boost Immigration, Immigrant Scientists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=National+Academy+Of+Sciences%3A+Boost+Immigration%2C+Immigrant+Scientists&rft.date=2022-10-18&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fstuartanderson%2F2022%2F10%2F18%2Fnational-academy-of-sciences-boost-immigration-immigrant-scientists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npr_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128303672&ft=1&f=1001">A Reagan Legacy: Amnesty For Illegal Immigrants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161123211600/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128303672&ft=1&f=1001">Archived</a> November 23, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". NPR: National Public Radio. July 4, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google5-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google5_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WDV40aK1T-sC&pg=PA282">Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919144226/https://books.google.com/books?id=WDV40aK1T-sC&pg=PA282&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> September 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Jeffrey D. Schultz (2000). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 282. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57356-148-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57356-148-7">1-57356-148-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google6-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google6_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jUJGWwD-9x8C&pg=PA304">The Paper curtain: employer sanctions' implementation, impact, and reform</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919150920/https://books.google.com/books?id=jUJGWwD-9x8C&pg=PA304&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> September 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Michael Fix (1991). The Urban Institute. p. 304. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87766-550-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87766-550-8">0-87766-550-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft160313-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft160313_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft160313_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzales2016" class="citation news cs1">Gonzales, Daniel (March 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314054643/http://www.nwcn.com/story/news/politics/immigration/2016/01/22/how-we-got-here-many-attempts-reform-immigration-secure-border/78802092/">"How we got here:The many attempts to reform immigration, secure the border"</a>. <i>Florida Today</i>. Melbourne, Florida. p. 1A. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwcn.com/story/news/politics/immigration/2016/01/22/how-we-got-here-many-attempts-reform-immigration-secure-border/78802092/">the original</a> on March 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Today&rft.atitle=How+we+got+here%3AThe+many+attempts+to+reform+immigration%2C+secure+the+border&rft.pages=1A&rft.date=2016-03-13&rft.aulast=Gonzales&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwcn.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fimmigration%2F2016%2F01%2F22%2Fhow-we-got-here-many-attempts-reform-immigration-secure-border%2F78802092%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfgate-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfgate_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/PAGE-ONE-WASHINGTON-New-Limits-In-Works-on-3031581.php">New Limits In Works on Immigration / Powerful commission focusing on families of legal entrants</a> ". San Francisco Chronicle. June 2, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google7-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google7_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plummer Alston Jones (2004). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stillstrugglingf00jone_0/page/153">Still struggling for equality: American public library services with minorities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217061235/https://books.google.com/books?id=bmSKvXN2a1IC&pg=PA153&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> February 17, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Libraries Unlimited. p. 154. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59158-243-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-59158-243-1">1-59158-243-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigration-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigration_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary E. Williams, <i>Immigration</i>. 2004. p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usatoday.com-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usatoday.com_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-12-12-immigration_x.htm">Study: Immigration grows, reaching record numbers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314123156/https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-12-12-immigration_x.htm">Archived</a> March 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>USA Today</i>. December 12, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washingtontimes-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washingtontimes_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2005/dec/12/20051212-110459-2662r/">Immigration surge called 'highest ever'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502232627/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2005/dec/12/20051212-110459-2662r/">Archived</a> May 2, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Washington Times</i>. December 12, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-france24-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-france24_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2009" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, Guillaume (February 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110212235605/http://www.france24.com/en/20090227-recession-usa-hispanic-unemployment-crisis-jobless-latin-south-american-migrants">"Crisis hits Hispanic community hard"</a>. France24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20090227-recession-usa-hispanic-unemployment-crisis-jobless-latin-south-american-migrants">the original</a> on February 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crisis+hits+Hispanic+community+hard&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2009-02-27&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20090227-recession-usa-hispanic-unemployment-crisis-jobless-latin-south-american-migrants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnn_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2010/10/29/news/economy/jobs_immigrants/">Immigrants top native born in U.S. job hunt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101103040943/http://money.cnn.com/2010/10/29/news/economy/jobs_immigrants/">Archived</a> November 3, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney.com">CNNMoney.com</a>. October 29, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/immigrant-population-record-40-million-2010-100108933.html">Immigrant Population at Record 40 Million in 2010</a>". Yahoo! News. October 6, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legal2013-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Legal2013_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls">"Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013"</a>. <i>Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013</i>. United States Department of Homeland Security. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501031722/http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics%3A+2013&rft.atitle=Persons+Obtaining+Lawful+Permanent+Resident+Status+by+Leading+Core+Based+Statistical+Areas+%28CBSAs%29+of+Residence+and+Region+and+Country+of+Birth%3A+Fiscal+Year+2013&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Fyearbook%2F2013%2FLPR%2Fimmsuptable2d.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-All2013-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-All2013_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2015" class="citation news cs1">Shah, Neil (May 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/immigrants-to-u-s-from-china-top-those-from-mexico-1430699284?mod=trending_now_1">"Immigrants to U.S. From China Top Those From Mexico"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150505005328/http://www.wsj.com/articles/immigrants-to-u-s-from-china-top-those-from-mexico-1430699284?mod=trending_now_1">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>. <q>China was the country of origin for 147,000 recent U.S. immigrants in 2013, while Mexico sent just 125,000, according to a Census Bureau study by researcher Eric Jensen and others. India, with 129,000 immigrants, also topped Mexico, though the two countries' results weren't statistically different from each other.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Immigrants+to+U.S.+From+China+Top+Those+From+Mexico&rft.date=2015-05-03&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fimmigrants-to-u-s-from-china-top-those-from-mexico-1430699284%3Fmod%3Dtrending_now_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/lpr_fr_2011.pdf">"U.S. Legal Permanent Residents: 2011"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817105038/https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/lpr_fr_2011.pdf">Archived</a> August 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Immigration_Statistics" title="Office of Immigration Statistics">Office of Immigration Statistics</a> <i>Annual Flow Report.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illegal_Immigrants_Slain_in_an_Attack_in_Arizona-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Illegal_Immigrants_Slain_in_an_Attack_in_Arizona_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchibold,_Randal_C.2007" class="citation news cs1">Archibold, Randal C. (February 9, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/09/us/09immig.html">"Illegal Immigrants Slain in an Attack in Arizona"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121116045012/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/09/us/09immig.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Illegal+Immigrants+Slain+in+an+Attack+in+Arizona&rft.date=2007-02-09&rft.au=Archibold%2C+Randal+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F02%2F09%2Fus%2F09immig.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-why-dont-they-just-get-in-line-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-why-dont-they-just-get-in-line_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130319153348/http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/just-facts/why-don%E2%80%99t-they-just-get-line">"Why Don't They Just Get In Line?"</a>. Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/just-facts/why-don%E2%80%99t-they-just-get-line">the original</a> on March 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Don%27t+They+Just+Get+In+Line%3F&rft.pub=Immigration+Policy+Center%2C+American+Immigration+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immigrationpolicy.org%2Fjust-facts%2Fwhy-don%25E2%2580%2599t-they-just-get-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Cancels_'virtual_fence'-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US_Cancels_'virtual_fence'_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2011" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Cheryl (January 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/0115/US-cancels-virtual-fence-along-Mexican-border.-What-s-Plan-B">"US Cancels "virtual fence"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110120001855/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/0115/US-cancels-virtual-fence-along-Mexican-border.-What-s-Plan-B">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=US+Cancels+%22virtual+fence%22&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2F2011%2F0115%2FUS-cancels-virtual-fence-along-Mexican-border.-What-s-Plan-B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassey20216-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey20216_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMassey2021">Massey 2021</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassey202111-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey202111_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey202111_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMassey2021">Massey 2021</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassey202113-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassey202113_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMassey2021">Massey 2021</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf">"Fiscal Year 2018 ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191124180200/https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiscal+Year+2018+ICE+Enforcement+and+Removal+Operations+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ice.gov%2Fdoclib%2Fabout%2Foffices%2Fero%2Fpdf%2FeroFY2018Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/09/24/fact-sheet-president-s-proclamation-enhancing-vetting-capabilities-and-processes">Fact Sheet: The President's Proclamation on Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry into the United States by Terrorists or Other Public-Safety Threats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171449/https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/09/24/fact-sheet-president-s-proclamation-enhancing-vetting-capabilities-and-processes">Archived</a> December 28, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>, September 24, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html">"Trump travel ban to take effect after Supreme Court ruling"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 4, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+travel+ban+to+take+effect+after+Supreme+Court+ruling&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F04%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/25/trump-take-executive-action-border-sanctuary-cities/97035086/">"Trump orders clamp down on immigrant "sanctuary cities," pushes border wall"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127130830/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/25/trump-take-executive-action-border-sanctuary-cities/97035086/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Trump+orders+clamp+down+on+immigrant+%22sanctuary+cities%2C%22+pushes+border+wall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2F01%2F25%2Ftrump-take-executive-action-border-sanctuary-cities%2F97035086%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Villazor, Rose, and Kevin Johnson. "The Trump Administration and the War on Immigration Diversity." <i>Wake Forest Law Review</i> 54.2 (2019): 575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShearDavis2018" class="citation news cs1">Shear, Michael D.; Davis, Julie (June 16, 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/16/us/politics/family-separation-trump.html">"How Trump Came to Enforce a Practice of Separating Migrant Families"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/16/us/politics/family-separation-trump.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Trump+Came+to+Enforce+a+Practice+of+Separating+Migrant+Families&rft.date=2018-06-16&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F06%2F16%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffamily-separation-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQiu2018" class="citation news cs1">Qiu, Linda (June 14, 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/us/politics/fact-check-republicans-family-separations-border.html">"Republicans Misplace Blame for Splitting Families at the Border"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/us/politics/fact-check-republicans-family-separations-border.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Republicans+Misplace+Blame+for+Splitting+Families+at+the+Border&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F06%2F14%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffact-check-republicans-family-separations-border.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/08/politics/trump-immigration-crackdown-asylum/index.html">"Trump Admin Quietly Made Asylum More Difficult"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. March 8, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308135431/http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/08/politics/trump-immigration-crackdown-asylum/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+Admin+Quietly+Made+Asylum+More+Difficult&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F03%2F08%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-immigration-crackdown-asylum%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/11/jeff-sessions-aslyum-standards-domestic-violence-614158">"Sessions Moves to Block Asylum for Most Victims of Domestic, Gang Violence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. June 11, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905074511/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/11/jeff-sessions-aslyum-standards-domestic-violence-614158">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Sessions+Moves+to+Block+Asylum+for+Most+Victims+of+Domestic%2C+Gang+Violence.&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2018%2F06%2F11%2Fjeff-sessions-aslyum-standards-domestic-violence-614158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann2018" class="citation web cs1">Hartmann, Margaret (August 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/08/aclu-sues-asylum-domestic-gang-violence.html">"ACLU Sues Sessions Over Ending Asylum for Victims of Domestic and Gang Violence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York Intelligencer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802030943/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/08/aclu-sues-asylum-domestic-gang-violence.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=ACLU+Sues+Sessions+Over+Ending+Asylum+for+Victims+of+Domestic+and+Gang+Violence&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2018%2F08%2Faclu-sues-asylum-domestic-gang-violence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/business/local-business/trumps-latest-move-to-limit-immigration-worries-seattle-area-tech-community/">"Trump's latest move to limit immigration worries Seattle-area tech community"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>. April 21, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818072002/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/local-business/trumps-latest-move-to-limit-immigration-worries-seattle-area-tech-community/">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+latest+move+to+limit+immigration+worries+Seattle-area+tech+community&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Flocal-business%2Ftrumps-latest-move-to-limit-immigration-worries-seattle-area-tech-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52377122">"Coronavirus: US green cards to be halted for 60 days, Trump says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. April 22, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815085722/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52377122">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+US+green+cards+to+be+halted+for+60+days%2C+Trump+says&rft.date=2020-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-52377122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politico1-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politico1_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politico1_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/05/biden-border-plan-illegal-crossings-00076519">"Biden announces new program to curb illegal migration as he prepares for visit to border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. January 5, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115072038/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/05/biden-border-plan-illegal-crossings-00076519">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biden+announces+new+program+to+curb+illegal+migration+as+he+prepares+for+visit+to+border&rft.pub=Politico&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F01%2F05%2Fbiden-border-plan-illegal-crossings-00076519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/05/politics/biden-border-programs/index.html">"Biden announces new migration programs as he prepares to visit the border on Sunday"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114000942/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/05/politics/biden-border-programs/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biden+announces+new+migration+programs+as+he+prepares+to+visit+the+border+on+Sunday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F01%2F05%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-border-programs%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKn948LUX8I&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour">"WATCH LIVE: FBI Director Wray, DHS head Mayorkas testify in Senate hearing on threats to U.S."</a> <i>PBS NewsHour</i>. October 31, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211102151/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKn948LUX8I&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=WATCH+LIVE%3A+FBI+Director+Wray%2C+DHS+head+Mayorkas+testify+in+Senate+hearing+on+threats+to+U.S.&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZKn948LUX8I%26ab_channel%3DPBSNewsHour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border">"Mayorkas confirms over 600,000 illegal immigrants evaded law enforcement at southern border last fiscal year"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. October 31, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211102151/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Mayorkas+confirms+over+600%2C000+illegal+immigrants+evaded+law+enforcement+at+southern+border+last+fiscal+year&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prb.org/articles/who-are-americas-immigrants/">"Who Are America's Immigrants?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Population_Reference_Bureau" title="Population Reference Bureau">Population Reference Bureau</a></i>. May 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Reference+Bureau&rft.atitle=Who+Are+America%27s+Immigrants%3F&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prb.org%2Farticles%2Fwho-are-americas-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/legal-immigration-us-returns-prepandemic-levels">"After a Slump, Legal Immigration to the United States Is Returning to Pre-Pandemic Levels"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></i>. November 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Migration+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=After+a+Slump%2C+Legal+Immigration+to+the+United+States+Is+Returning+to+Pre-Pandemic+Levels&rft.date=2022-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationpolicy.org%2Farticle%2Flegal-immigration-us-returns-prepandemic-levels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetts2018" class="citation cs2">Betts, Richard K. (July 4, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351171564-2">"The durable National Security Act"</a>, <i>US National Security Reform</i>, Routledge global security studies (1st ed.), Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 8–25, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781351171564-2">10.4324/9781351171564-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-17156-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-17156-4"><bdi>978-1-351-17156-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=US+National+Security+Reform&rft.atitle=The+durable+National+Security+Act&rft.pages=8-25&rft.date=2018-07-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781351171564-2&rft.isbn=978-1-351-17156-4&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=Richard+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9781351171564-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aila.org/">"Home"</a>. <i>www.aila.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aila.org&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aila.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiemer2024" class="citation journal cs1">Riemer, Lena (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfassungsblog.de/the-abrogation-of-asylum/">"The Abrogation of Asylum"</a>. <i>Verfassungsblog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.59704%2F6e0216e1dcfcf56d">10.59704/6e0216e1dcfcf56d</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verfassungsblog&rft.atitle=The+Abrogation+of+Asylum&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.59704%2F6e0216e1dcfcf56d&rft.aulast=Riemer&rft.aufirst=Lena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverfassungsblog.de%2Fthe-abrogation-of-asylum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1377/forefront.20220406.613838">"New Biden Executive Order Aims To Build On Coverage Gains"</a>. <i>Forefront Group</i>. April 6, 2022. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1377%2Fforefront.20220406.613838">10.1377/forefront.20220406.613838</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forefront+Group&rft.atitle=New+Biden+Executive+Order+Aims+To+Build+On+Coverage+Gains&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1377%2Fforefront.20220406.613838&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1377%2Fforefront.20220406.613838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParedes2020" class="citation journal cs1">Paredes, Lorena (May 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2020.pol.st.03">"Media Framing and Immigration Reform"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33015%2Fdominican.edu%2F2020.pol.st.03">10.33015/dominican.edu/2020.pol.st.03</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Media+Framing+and+Immigration+Reform&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.33015%2Fdominican.edu%2F2020.pol.st.03&rft.aulast=Paredes&rft.aufirst=Lorena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.33015%2Fdominican.edu%2F2020.pol.st.03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewhispanic.org-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pewhispanic.org_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pewhispanic.org_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJynnah_RadfordAbby_Budiman2018" class="citation web cs1">Jynnah Radford; Abby Budiman (September 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewhispanic.org/2018/09/14/facts-on-u-s-immigrants/#fb-key-charts-origin">"Facts on U.S. Immigrants, 2016. Statistical portrait of the foreign-born population in the United States"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190429073453/https://www.pewhispanic.org/2018/09/14/facts-on-u-s-immigrants/#fb-key-charts-origin">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Facts+on+U.S.+Immigrants%2C+2016.+Statistical+portrait+of+the+foreign-born+population+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.au=Jynnah+Radford&rft.au=Abby+Budiman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewhispanic.org%2F2018%2F09%2F14%2Ffacts-on-u-s-immigrants%2F%23fb-key-charts-origin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-y-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-y_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2017/table1">"Table 1. Persons obtaining lawful permanent resident status: fiscal years 1820 to 2017"</a>. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. August 14, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102130918/https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2017/table1">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1.+Persons+obtaining+lawful+permanent+resident+status%3A+fiscal+years+1820+to+2017&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Fyearbook%2F2017%2Ftable1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2018data-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2018data_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018data_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/lawful_permanent_residents_2018.pdf">U.S. 2018 Lawful Permanent Residents Annual Flow Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110173121/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/lawful_permanent_residents_2018.pdf">Archived</a> January 10, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> authored by the Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2019data-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2019data_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2019data_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/lawful_permanent_residents_2019.pdf">U.S. 2019 Lawful Permanent Residents Annual Flow Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024165311/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/lawful_permanent_residents_2019.pdf">Archived</a> October 24, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> authored by the Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020data-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020data_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020data_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020data_110-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/lawful-permanent-residents">U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents 2020 Data Tables</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922091633/https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/lawful-permanent-residents">Archived</a> September 22, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 11/18/2021, authored by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Lawful Permanent Residents". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2024-02/2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_immigration_statistics_fy2022.pdf"><i>2022: Yearbook of Immigration Statistics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Homeland Security: Office of Homeland Security Statistics. 2023. p. 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240504003205/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2024-02/2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_immigration_statistics_fy2022.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lawful+Permanent+Residents&rft.btitle=2022%3A+Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security%3A+Office+of+Homeland+Security+Statistics&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-02%2F2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_immigration_statistics_fy2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/refugees-asylees">"Refugees and Asylees"</a>. <i>Department of Homeland Security</i>. April 5, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021004153/https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/refugees-asylees">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft.atitle=Refugees+and+Asylees&rft.date=2016-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Frefugees-asylees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/trump-proposes-slashing-refugee-numbers">"Trump proposes slashing refugee numbers"</a>. <i>SBS News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217174753/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/trump-proposes-slashing-refugee-numbers">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump+proposes+slashing+refugee+numbers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Ftrump-proposes-slashing-refugee-numbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/trump-administration-slashes-refugee-programme-190926212502321.html">"Trump aims to slash US refugee intake, claiming backlog"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922124039/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/trump-administration-slashes-refugee-programme-190926212502321.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Trump+aims+to+slash+US+refugee+intake%2C+claiming+backlog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F09%2Ftrump-administration-slashes-refugee-programme-190926212502321.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbsnews.com-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews.com_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-trump-to-propose-lowest-ever-refugee-cap-in-american-history/">"Trump to cut number of refugees allowed in U.S. to lowest ever"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216010855/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-trump-to-propose-lowest-ever-refugee-cap-in-american-history/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Trump+to+cut+number+of+refugees+allowed+in+U.S.+to+lowest+ever&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpresident-trump-to-propose-lowest-ever-refugee-cap-in-american-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49847906">"US slashes refugee limit to all-time low of 18,000"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. September 27, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216010827/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49847906">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+slashes+refugee+limit+to+all-time+low+of+18%2C000&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-49847906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrumpLimit-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TrumpLimit_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TrumpLimit_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/1/trump-plans-to-limit-us-refugee-admissions-to-a-record-low">"Trump to limit 2021 US refugee admissions to 15,000, a record low"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206205548/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/1/trump-plans-to-limit-us-refugee-admissions-to-a-record-low">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Trump+to+limit+2021+US+refugee+admissions+to+15%2C000%2C+a+record+low&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F10%2F1%2Ftrump-plans-to-limit-us-refugee-admissions-to-a-record-low&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcnews.com-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-plans-slash-refugee-admissions-u-s-record-low-n1241672">"U.S. to cut refugee admissions to U.S. to a record low"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116073228/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-plans-slash-refugee-admissions-u-s-record-low-n1241672">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+to+cut+refugee+admissions+to+U.S.+to+a+record+low&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Ftrump-plans-slash-refugee-admissions-u-s-record-low-n1241672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrumpLow-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TrumpLow_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TrumpLow_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/donald-trump-slashes-us-refugee-admissions-to-record-low/a-55114405">"Donald Trump slashes US refugee admissions to record low"</a>. <i>DW.COM</i>. October 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111051328/https://www.dw.com/en/donald-trump-slashes-us-refugee-admissions-to-record-low/a-55114405">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+slashes+US+refugee+admissions+to+record+low&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fdonald-trump-slashes-us-refugee-admissions-to-record-low%2Fa-55114405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/26/politics/refugee-cap/index.html">"Biden administration plans to keep refugee cap at 125,000"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. September 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Biden+administration+plans+to+keep+refugee+cap+at+125%2C000&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F09%2F26%2Fpolitics%2Frefugee-cap%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljazeera.com-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera.com_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/slashes-number-refugees-ready-resettle-170928033816715.html">"US slashes number of refugees it is ready to resettle"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918091042/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/slashes-number-refugees-ready-resettle-170928033816715.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=US+slashes+number+of+refugees+it+is+ready+to+resettle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F09%2Fslashes-number-refugees-ready-resettle-170928033816715.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shameful-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shameful_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/slashes-number-refugees-admit-30000-180917225659912.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Shameful': US slashes number of refugees it will admit to 30,000"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918091019/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/slashes-number-refugees-admit-30000-180917225659912.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=%27Shameful%27%3A+US+slashes+number+of+refugees+it+will+admit+to+30%2C000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F09%2Fslashes-number-refugees-admit-30000-180917225659912.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2020/08/20/facts-on-u-s-immigrants/">"Immigrants in America: Key Charts and Facts"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project</i>. August 20, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115122622/https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2020/08/20/facts-on-u-s-immigrants/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Hispanic+Trends+Project&rft.atitle=Immigrants+in+America%3A+Key+Charts+and+Facts&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fhispanic%2F2020%2F08%2F20%2Ffacts-on-u-s-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Guardian, December 19, 2019 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/central-america-migrants-us-foreign-policy">"Fleeing a Hell the U.S. Helped Create: Why Central Americans Journey North – The region's inequality and violence, in which the US has long played a role, is driving people to leave their homes"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Nation, October 18, 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/how-us-foreign-policy-helped-create-the-immigration-crisis/">"How US Foreign Policy Helped Create the Immigration Crisis: Neoliberal Strictures, Support for Oligarchs, and the War on Drugs Have Impoverished Millions and Destabilized Latin America"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705173521/https://www.thenation.com/article/how-us-foreign-policy-helped-create-the-immigration-crisis/">Archived</a> July 5, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2019/12/03/478014/climate-change-altering-migration-patterns-regionally-globally">"Climate Change Is Altering Migration Patterns Regionally and Globally"</a>. December 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205002921/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2019/12/03/478014/climate-change-altering-migration-patterns-regionally-globally/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+Is+Altering+Migration+Patterns+Regionally+and+Globally&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanprogress.org%2Fissues%2Fimmigration%2Fnews%2F2019%2F12%2F03%2F478014%2Fclimate-change-altering-migration-patterns-regionally-globally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181031220415/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/10/drought-climate-change-force-guatemalans-migrate-to-us/">"Changing climate forces desperate Guatemalans to migrate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></i>. October 23, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/10/drought-climate-change-force-guatemalans-migrate-to-us/">the original</a> on October 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Society&rft.atitle=Changing+climate+forces+desperate+Guatemalans+to+migrate&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fenvironment%2F2018%2F10%2Fdrought-climate-change-force-guatemalans-migrate-to-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jul/29/guatemala-climate-crisis-migration-drought-famine">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'People are dying': how the climate crisis has sparked an exodus to the US"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. July 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=%27People+are+dying%27%3A+how+the+climate+crisis+has+sparked+an+exodus+to+the+US&rft.date=2019-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2019%2Fjul%2F29%2Fguatemala-climate-crisis-migration-drought-famine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/how-climate-change-is-driving-emigration-from-central-america">"How climate change is driving emigration from Central America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. September 8, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200121130414/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/how-climate-change-is-driving-emigration-from-central-america">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=How+climate+change+is+driving+emigration+from+Central+America&rft.date=2019-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fworld%2Fhow-climate-change-is-driving-emigration-from-central-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nap-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nap_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=52">The New Americans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220103753/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=52">Archived</a> December 20, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Smith and Edmonston, The Academy Press. p. 5253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nap9-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nap9_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=54">The New Americans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220103758/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=54">Archived</a> December 20, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Smith and Edmonston, The Academy Press. p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nap10-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nap10_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=56">The New Americans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220103804/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=56">Archived</a> December 20, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Smith and Edmonston, The Academy Press. p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nap11-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nap11_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=58">The New Americans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220103940/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5779&page=58">Archived</a> December 20, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Smith and Edmonston, The Academy Press. p. 58 ("Immigrants have always moved to relatively few places, settling where they have family or friends, or where there are people from their ancestral country or community.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-publicagenda-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-publicagenda_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.publicagenda.org/pages/immigrants">http://www.publicagenda.org/pages/immigrants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727191652/http://publicagenda.org/pages/immigrants">Archived</a> July 27, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2009 report available for download, "A Place to Call Home: What Immigrants Say Now About Life in America"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallup-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gallup_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/122057/americans-return-tougher-immigration-stance.aspx">"Americans Return to Tougher Immigration Stance"</a>. Gallup.com. August 5, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107025137/http://www.gallup.com/poll/122057/Americans-Return-Tougher-Immigration-Stance.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Americans+Return+to+Tougher+Immigration+Stance&rft.pub=Gallup.com&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F122057%2Famericans-return-tougher-immigration-stance.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-publicagenda12-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-publicagenda12_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208021101/http://www.publicagenda.org/foreignpolicy/foreignpolicy_strategy.htm">"Public Agenda Confidence in U.S. Foreign Policy Index"</a>. Publicagenda.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicagenda.org/foreignpolicy/foreignpolicy_strategy.htm">the original</a> on February 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Agenda+Confidence+in+U.S.+Foreign+Policy+Index&rft.pub=Publicagenda.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicagenda.org%2Fforeignpolicy%2Fforeignpolicy_strategy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOC_of_book_on_Library_of_Congress-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TOC_of_book_on_Library_of_Congress_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0645/2004042902-t.html">"Table of contents for Who are we? : the challenges to America's national identity / Samuel P. Huntington"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408203329/http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0645/2004042902-t.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Table+of+contents+for+Who+are+we%3F+%3A+the+challenges+to+America%27s+national+identity+%2F+Samuel+P.+Huntington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatdir.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fenhancements%2Ffy0645%2F2004042902-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samuel_Huntington_Interview-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Samuel_Huntington_Interview_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thoughtcast.org/samuel-huntington/">"Samuel Huntington – on Immigration and the American Identity – Podcast Interview"</a>. <i>Thoughtcast</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305231157/http://thoughtcast.org/samuel-huntington/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thoughtcast&rft.atitle=Samuel+Huntington+%E2%80%93+on+Immigration+and+the+American+Identity+%E2%80%93+Podcast+Interview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthoughtcast.org%2Fsamuel-huntington%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYen2012" class="citation web cs1">Yen, Hope (April 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/apr/24/tp-mexican-migration-appears-to-be-in-reverse/">"Mexican Migration Appears To Be In Reverse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a></i>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501131011/http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/apr/24/tp-mexican-migration-appears-to-be-in-reverse/">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=Mexican+Migration+Appears+To+Be+In+Reverse&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.aufirst=Hope&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utsandiego.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2Fapr%2F24%2Ftp-mexican-migration-appears-to-be-in-reverse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuben_Navarrette_Jr.2012" class="citation web cs1">Ruben Navarrette Jr. (April 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsday.com/opinion/oped/navarrette-the-mexican-reverse-migration-1.3686534">"Navarrette: The Mexican reverse migration"</a>. <i>Newsday</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428031331/http://www.newsday.com/opinion/oped/navarrette-the-mexican-reverse-migration-1.3686534">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=Navarrette%3A+The+Mexican+reverse+migration&rft.date=2012-04-27&rft.au=Ruben+Navarrette+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fopinion%2Foped%2Fnavarrette-the-mexican-reverse-migration-1.3686534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/26/world/americas/mexico-leaving-us/index.html">"Mexicans feeling persecuted flee U.S."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. November 27, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305190620/http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/26/world/americas/mexico-leaving-us/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Mexicans+feeling+persecuted+flee+U.S.&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2012%2F11%2F26%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fmexico-leaving-us%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/10/la-now-live-a-daily-conversation-with-the-times-newsroom-15.html">"L.A. Now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 23, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023859/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/10/la-now-live-a-daily-conversation-with-the-times-newsroom-15.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=L.A.+Now&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Flanow%2F2012%2F10%2Fla-now-live-a-daily-conversation-with-the-times-newsroom-15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2008" class="citation news cs1">Preston, Julia (July 31, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/31/us/31immig.html?partner=rssnyt">"Decline Seen in Numbers of People Here Illegally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424181029/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/31/us/31immig.html?partner=rssnyt">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Decline+Seen+in+Numbers+of+People+Here+Illegally&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F31%2Fus%2F31immig.html%3Fpartner%3Drssnyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/04/23/net-migration-from-mexico-falls-to-zero-and-perhaps-less/">"Net Migration from Mexico Falls to Zero – and Perhaps Less"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project</i>. April 23, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421222133/http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/04/23/net-migration-from-mexico-falls-to-zero-and-perhaps-less/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Hispanic+Trends+Project&rft.atitle=Net+Migration+from+Mexico+Falls+to+Zero+%E2%80%93+and+Perhaps+Less&rft.date=2012-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewhispanic.org%2F2012%2F04%2F23%2Fnet-migration-from-mexico-falls-to-zero-and-perhaps-less%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfgate13-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfgate13_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/08/04/MN5H1ENBPK.DTL&type=politics">Governor candidates oppose sanctuary cities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110917132412/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2010%2F08%2F04%2FMN5H1ENBPK.DTL&type=politics">Archived</a> September 17, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>. August 4, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanctuary_Cities,_USA-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanctuary_Cities,_USA_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojjpac.org/sanctuary.asp">"Sanctuary Cities, USA"</a>. <i>Ohio Jobs & Justice PAC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070812173514/http://www.ojjpac.org/sanctuary.asp">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Jobs+%26+Justice+PAC&rft.atitle=Sanctuary+Cities%2C+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fojjpac.org%2Fsanctuary.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_147-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaugh2023" class="citation journal cs1">Baugh, Ryan (November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2024-02/2023_0818_plcy_lawful_permanent_residents_fy2022_0.pdf">"U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents: 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annual Flow Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240309131820/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2024-02/2023_0818_plcy_lawful_permanent_residents_fy2022_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Flow+Report&rft.atitle=U.S.+Lawful+Permanent+Residents%3A+2022&rft.date=2023-11&rft.aulast=Baugh&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-02%2F2023_0818_plcy_lawful_permanent_residents_fy2022_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2014-data-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2014-data_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMossaad" class="citation web cs1">Mossaad, Nadwa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522235943/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/LPR%20Flow%20Report%202014_508.pdf">"U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents: 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/LPR%20Flow%20Report%202014_508.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Lawful+Permanent+Residents%3A+2014&rft.aulast=Mossaad&rft.aufirst=Nadwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2FLPR%2520Flow%2520Report%25202014_508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2015data-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2015data_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/profiles-lawful-permanent-residents-2015-country">"Profiles on Lawful Permanent Residents 2015 Country – Homeland Security"</a>. January 31, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316205137/https://www.dhs.gov/profiles-lawful-permanent-residents-2015-country">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profiles+on+Lawful+Permanent+Residents+2015+Country+%E2%80%93+Homeland+Security&rft.date=2017-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fprofiles-lawful-permanent-residents-2015-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-update2016-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-update2016_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/fy16_lawful-permanent-residents.pdf">"U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents: 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030215/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/fy16_lawful-permanent-residents.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Lawful+Permanent+Residents%3A+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Ffy16_lawful-permanent-residents.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-update2017-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-update2017_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Lawful_Permanent_Residents_2017.pdf">"U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents: 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220902144956/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Lawful_Permanent_Residents_2017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Lawful+Permanent+Residents%3A+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2FLawful_Permanent_Residents_2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/lawful-permanent-residents">"Lawful Permanent Residents (LPR)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922091633/https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/lawful-permanent-residents">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lawful+Permanent+Residents+%28LPR%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Flawful-permanent-residents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_153-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/yearbook_immigration_statistics_2019.pdf"><i>United States Department of Homeland Security: Office of Immigration Statistics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2019. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security%3A+Office+of+Immigration+Statistics&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Fyearbook%2F2019%2Fyearbook_immigration_statistics_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_154-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_154-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_154-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_154-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/yearbook_immigration_statistics_2019.pdf"><i>2019 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Homeland Security: Office of Immigration Statistics. 2019. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2019+Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security%3A+Office+of+Immigration+Statistics&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Fyearbook%2F2019%2Fyearbook_immigration_statistics_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nativity of the Population and Place of Birth of the Native Population: 1850 to 2000 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0081/tables/tab01.xls">.xls</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020075708/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0081/tables/tab01.xls">Archived</a> October 20, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0081/tables/tab01.csv">.csv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170723092147/https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0081/tables/tab01.csv">Archived</a> July 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf">Population by Nativity Status and Citizenship: 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209224630/http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf">Archived</a> February 9, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (estimated to nearest thousand)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200214060704/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B05006&prodType=table">"Place of Birth for the Foreign-born in the United States"</a>. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B05006&prodType=table">the original</a> on February 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Place+of+Birth+for+the+Foreign-born+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_15_1YR_B05006%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Place%20of%20Birth&tid=ACSDT1Y2018.B05006&hidePreview=false&vintage=2018.">"Explore Census Data"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217012420/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Place%20of%20Birth&tid=ACSDT1Y2018.B05006&hidePreview=false&vintage=2018.">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Ft%3DPlace%2520of%2520Birth%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2018.B05006%26hidePreview%3Dfalse%26vintage%3D2018.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved September 1, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219.">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230909042445/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219.">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+United+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FUS%2FPST045219.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved September 1, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_160-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary E. Williams, <i>Immigration</i>. (San Diego: GreenHaven Press) 2004. p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-migrationinformation14-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-migrationinformation14_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=649">Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants in the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080317231508/http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=649">Archived</a> March 17, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Aaron Terrazas and Jeanne Batalova, <i>Migration Policy Institute</i>, October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/27/weekinreview/27deparle.html?ref=world">Global Migration: A World Ever More on the Move</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630121517/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/27/weekinreview/27deparle.html?ref=world">Archived</a> June 30, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The New York Times</i>. June 25, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704216804575423641955803732?KEYWORDS=MIRIAM+JORDAN">Illegal Immigrants Estimated to Account for 1 in 12 U.S. Births</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801211931/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704216804575423641955803732?KEYWORDS=MIRIAM%20JORDAN">Archived</a> August 1, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. August 12, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-findarticles-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-findarticles_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050511192326/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n7_v47/ai_16823452">"National Review: Know the flow – economics of immigration"</a>. May 11, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n7_v47/ai_16823452">the original</a> on May 11, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Review%3A+Know+the+flow+%E2%80%93+economics+of+immigration&rft.date=2005-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1282%2Fis_n7_v47%2Fai_16823452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csmonitor-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-csmonitor_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0516/p01s02-ussc.html">"Illegal immigrants in the US: How many are there?"</a>. Csmonitor.com. May 16, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120505124757/http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0516/p01s02-ussc.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illegal+immigrants+in+the+US%3A+How+many+are+there%3F&rft.pub=Csmonitor.com&rft.date=2006-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2006%2F0516%2Fp01s02-ussc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewhispanic-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pewhispanic_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassel" class="citation web cs1">Passel, Jeffrey S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/44.pdf">"Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pewhispanic.org</i>. Pew Hispanic Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150307024926/http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/44.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pewhispanic.org&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+the+Size+and+Characteristics+of+the+Undocumented+Population&rft.aulast=Passel&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewhispanic.org%2Ffiles%2Freports%2F44.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-migrationinformation15-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-migrationinformation15_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?ID=71#2">"Characteristics of the Foreign Born in the United States: Results from Census 2000"</a>. <i>Migrationpolicy.org</i>. Migrationinformation.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410092049/http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?ID=71#2">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Migrationpolicy.org&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+the+Foreign+Born+in+the+United+States%3A+Results+from+Census+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationinformation.org%2FUSfocus%2Fdisplay.cfm%3FID%3D71%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigrationun-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigrationun_168-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.shtml">"United Nations Population Division | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"</a>. <i>www.un.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226192804/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Population+Division+%7C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fmigration%2Fdata%2Festimates2%2Festimates15.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states">"Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></i>. March 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209224529/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Migration+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=Frequently+Requested+Statistics+on+Immigrants+and+Immigration+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2019-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationpolicy.org%2Farticle%2Ffrequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohn_2020-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohn_2020_170-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2020" class="citation web cs1">Cohn, D’Vera (May 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/09/30/how-u-s-immigration-laws-and-rules-have-changed-through-history/">"How U.S. immigration laws and rules have changed through history"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514151944/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/09/30/how-u-s-immigration-laws-and-rules-have-changed-through-history/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=How+U.S.+immigration+laws+and+rules+have+changed+through+history&rft.date=2020-05-30&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=D%E2%80%99Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2015%2F09%2F30%2Fhow-u-s-immigration-laws-and-rules-have-changed-through-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS2015ForeignBorn-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACS2015ForeignBorn_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=010XX00US&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05006">"B05006: Place of Birth for the ... – Census Bureau Table"</a>. <i>B05006 | Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population in the United States</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324200401/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=010XX00US&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05006">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B05006+%26%23124%3B+Place+of+Birth+for+the+Foreign-Born+Population+in+the+United+States&rft.atitle=B05006%3A+Place+of+Birth+for+the+...+%E2%80%93+Census+Bureau+Table&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DB05006%26g%3D010XX00US%26tid%3DACSDT5Y2017.B05006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS2010ForeignBorn-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACS2010ForeignBorn_173-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=010XX00US&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05006">"B05006: Place of Birth for the ... – Census Bureau Table"</a>. <i>B05006 | Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population in the United States</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324200354/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=010XX00US&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05006">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B05006+%26%23124%3B+Place+of+Birth+for+the+Foreign-Born+Population+in+the+United+States&rft.atitle=B05006%3A+Place+of+Birth+for+the+...+%E2%80%93+Census+Bureau+Table&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DB05006%26g%3D010XX00US%26tid%3DACSDT5Y2012.B05006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusForeignBorn-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusForeignBorn_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT019&g=010XX00US&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT019">"PCT019: Place of Birth for the ... – Census Bureau Table"</a>. <i>PCT019 | Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population[126]</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324200402/https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT019&g=010XX00US&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT019">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCT019+%26%23124%3B+Place+of+Birth+for+the+Foreign-Born+Population%5B126%5D&rft.atitle=PCT019%3A+Place+of+Birth+for+the+...+%E2%80%93+Census+Bureau+Table&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DPCT019%26g%3D010XX00US%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF32000.PCT019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_176-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_176-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_176-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_176-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibsonJung2006" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Campbell; Jung, Kay (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/working-papers/2006/demo/POP-twps0081.pdf"><i>Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States : 1850 TO 2000</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109192914/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/working-papers/2006/demo/POP-twps0081.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Census+Statistics+on+the+Foreign-Born+Population+of+the+United+States+%3A+1850+TO+2000&rft.date=2006-02&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Campbell&rft.au=Jung%2C+Kay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fworking-papers%2F2006%2Fdemo%2FPOP-twps0081.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1990Census-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1990Census_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-1.pdf">"1990 Census of Population Social and Economic Characteristics United States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Social and Economic Characteristics: United States</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. October 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119215250/http://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Social+and+Economic+Characteristics%3A+United+States&rft.atitle=1990+Census+of+Population+Social+and+Economic+Characteristics+United+States&rft.date=1993-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1990%2Fcp-2%2Fcp-2-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1980Census-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1980Census_178-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1980Census_178-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1980/volume-1/united-states-summary/1980a_usc-01.pdf">"General Social and Economic Characteristics United States Summary 1980 Census of Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>untitled</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. December 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006193528/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1980/volume-1/united-states-summary/1980a_usc-01.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=untitled&rft.atitle=General+Social+and+Economic+Characteristics+United+States+Summary+1980+Census+of+Population&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1980%2Fvolume-1%2Funited-states-summary%2F1980a_usc-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-2/41927938v2p1a-1ech02.pdf"><i>1960 Census: Subject Reports, Nativity and Parentage: Social and Economic Characteristics of the Foreign Stock by Country of Origin</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Census Bureau. 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512143946/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-2/41927938v2p1a-1ech02.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1960+Census%3A+Subject+Reports%2C+Nativity+and+Parentage%3A+Social+and+Economic+Characteristics+of+the+Foreign+Stock+by+Country+of+Origin&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1960%2Fpopulation-volume-2%2F41927938v2p1a-1ech02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data.census.gov-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_199-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Place%20of%20Birth&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B05006&hidePreview=false">"Place of Birth for The Foreign-Born Population In The United States | 2019: ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126062350/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Place%20of%20Birth&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B05006&hidePreview=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Place+of+Birth+for+The+Foreign-Born+Population+In+The+United+States+%7C+2019%3A+ACS+1-Year+Estimates+Detailed+Tables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Ft%3DPlace%2520of%2520Birth%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2019.B05006%26hidePreview%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2015-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2015_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColbyOrtman2015" class="citation report cs1">Colby, Sandra L.; Ortman, Jennifer M. (March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.pdf">Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. pp. 8–9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322211558/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Projections+of+the+Size+and+Composition+of+the+U.S.+Population%3A+2014+to+2060&rft.pages=8-9&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce+Economics+and+Statistics+Administration+U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2015-03&rft.aulast=Colby&rft.aufirst=Sandra+L.&rft.au=Ortman%2C+Jennifer+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2015%2Fdemo%2Fp25-1143.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew2015-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2015_211-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2015_211-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/09/28/modern-immigration-wave-brings-59-million-to-u-s-driving-population-growth-and-change-through-2065/">Modern Immigration Wave Brings 59 Million to U.S., Driving Population Growth and Change Through 2065</a> (Report). Pew Research Center. September 28, 2015. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511115421/http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/09/28/modern-immigration-wave-brings-59-million-to-u-s-driving-population-growth-and-change-through-2065/">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Modern+Immigration+Wave+Brings+59+Million+to+U.S.%2C+Driving+Population+Growth+and+Change+Through+2065&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewhispanic.org%2F2015%2F09%2F28%2Fmodern-immigration-wave-brings-59-million-to-u-s-driving-population-growth-and-change-through-2065%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usatoday-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usatoday_212-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-02-11-population-study_N.htm">U.S. Hispanic population to triple by 2050</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080616093857/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-02-11-population-study_N.htm">Archived</a> June 16, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>USA Today</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-segregation-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-segregation_213-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutlerGlaeserVigdor2008" class="citation journal cs1">Cutler, David M.; Glaeser, Edward L.; Vigdor, Jacob L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w11295.pdf">"Is the Melting Pot Still Hot? Explaining the Resurgence of Immigrant Segregation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_Economics_and_Statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Review of Economics and Statistics">Review of Economics and Statistics</a></i>. <b>90</b> (3): 478–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Frest.90.3.478">10.1162/rest.90.3.478</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1110772">1110772</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212173341/https://www.nber.org/papers/w11295.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Economics+and+Statistics&rft.atitle=Is+the+Melting+Pot+Still+Hot%3F+Explaining+the+Resurgence+of+Immigrant+Segregation&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=478-97&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Frest.90.3.478&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1110772%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Glaeser%2C+Edward+L.&rft.au=Vigdor%2C+Jacob+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw11295.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhiteFlight-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WhiteFlight_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHookSnyder2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hook, J.; Snyder, J. (2007). "Immigration, ethnicity, and the loss of white students from California public schools, 1990–2000". <i>Population Research and Policy Review</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 259–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11113-007-9035-8">10.1007/s11113-007-9035-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153644027">153644027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Research+and+Policy+Review&rft.atitle=Immigration%2C+ethnicity%2C+and+the+loss+of+white+students+from+California+public+schools%2C+1990%E2%80%932000&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-77&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11113-007-9035-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153644027%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Snyder%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles H. Lippy, <i>Faith in America: Organized religion today</i> (2006) ch 6 pp. 107–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usatoday32-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usatoday32_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPage2007" class="citation news cs1">Page, Susan (June 29, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2007-06-27-hispanics-dems-cover_N.htm">"Hispanics turning back to Democrats for 2008"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419024228/http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2007-06-27-hispanics-dems-cover_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Hispanics+turning+back+to+Democrats+for+2008&rft.date=2007-06-29&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2007-06-27-hispanics-dems-cover_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aaldef-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aaldef_217-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFung2006" class="citation web cs1">Fung, Margaret (November 9, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070807012554/http://www.aaldef.org/article.php?article_id=213">"AALDEF Exit Poll of 4,600 Asian American Voters Reveals Robust Support for Democratic Candidates in Key Congressional and State Races"</a>. <i>aaldef.org</i>. American Legal Defense and Education Fund. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaldef.org/article.php?article_id=213">the original</a> on August 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aaldef.org&rft.atitle=AALDEF+Exit+Poll+of+4%2C600+Asian+American+Voters+Reveals+Robust+Support+for+Democratic+Candidates+in+Key+Congressional+and+State+Races&rft.date=2006-11-09&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaldef.org%2Farticle.php%3Farticle_id%3D213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prachimishra-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prachimishra_218-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFacchiniMaydaMishra2011" class="citation journal cs1">Facchini, Giovanni; Mayda, Anna Maria; Mishra, Prachi (2011). "Do interest groups affect US immigration policy?". <i>Journal of International Economics</i>. <b>85</b> (1): 114–28. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.682.1264">10.1.1.682.1264</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jinteco.2011.05.006">10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.05.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154694541">154694541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Economics&rft.atitle=Do+interest+groups+affect+US+immigration+policy%3F&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=114-28&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.682.1264%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154694541%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jinteco.2011.05.006&rft.aulast=Facchini&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft.au=Mayda%2C+Anna+Maria&rft.au=Mishra%2C+Prachi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FacchiniSteinhardt2011-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FacchiniSteinhardt2011_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFacchiniSteinhardt2011" class="citation journal cs1">Facchini, Giovanni; Steinhardt, Max Friedrich (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagliano.unimi.it/media/WP2010_294.pdf">"What drives U.S. immigration policy? Evidence from congressional roll call votes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Public Economics</i>. <b>95</b> (7–8): 734–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpubeco.2011.02.008">10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.02.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2727">0047-2727</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6940099">6940099</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809084449/http://www.dagliano.unimi.it/media/WP2010_294.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Public+Economics&rft.atitle=What+drives+U.S.+immigration+policy%3F+Evidence+from+congressional+roll+call+votes&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=734-43&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6940099%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0047-2727&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jpubeco.2011.02.008&rft.aulast=Facchini&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft.au=Steinhardt%2C+Max+Friedrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagliano.unimi.it%2Fmedia%2FWP2010_294.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAtod18-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USAtod18_220-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGomez2018" class="citation news cs1">Gomez, Alan (January 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/31/trump-painted-dark-picture-immigrants-despite-facts/1081208001/">"Trump painted a dark picture of immigrants, despite the facts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201005934/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/31/trump-painted-dark-picture-immigrants-despite-facts/1081208001/">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2018</span>. <q>All available national crime statistics show immigrants commit fewer crimes, not more, than those born in the U.S.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Trump+painted+a+dark+picture+of+immigrants%2C+despite+the+facts&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F01%2F31%2Ftrump-painted-dark-picture-immigrants-despite-facts%2F1081208001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wadsworth-2010-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wadsworth-2010_221-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadsworth2010" class="citation journal cs1">Wadsworth, Tim (June 1, 2010). "Is Immigration Responsible for the Crime Drop? An Assessment of the Influence of Immigration on Changes in Violent Crime Between 1990 and 2000". <i>Social Science Quarterly</i>. <b>91</b> (2): 531–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2010.00706.x">10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00706.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1540-6237">1540-6237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Is+Immigration+Responsible+for+the+Crime+Drop%3F+An+Assessment+of+the+Influence+of+Immigration+on+Changes+in+Violent+Crime+Between+1990+and+2000&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=531-53&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2010.00706.x&rft.issn=1540-6237&rft.aulast=Wadsworth&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStowellMessnerMcgeeverRaffalovich2009" class="citation journal cs1">Stowell, Jacob I.; Messner, Steven F.; Mcgeever, Kelly F.; Raffalovich, Lawrence E. (August 1, 2009). "Immigration and the Recent Violent Crime Drop in the United States: A Pooled, Cross-Sectional Time-Series Analysis of Metropolitan Areas". <i>Criminology</i>. <b>47</b> (3): 889–928. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-9125.2009.00162.x">10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00162.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1745-9125">1745-9125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Criminology&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+the+Recent+Violent+Crime+Drop+in+the+United+States%3A+A+Pooled%2C+Cross-Sectional+Time-Series+Analysis+of+Metropolitan+Areas&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=889-928&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-9125.2009.00162.x&rft.issn=1745-9125&rft.aulast=Stowell&rft.aufirst=Jacob+I.&rft.au=Messner%2C+Steven+F.&rft.au=Mcgeever%2C+Kelly+F.&rft.au=Raffalovich%2C+Lawrence+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSampson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Sampson, Robert J. (February 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fctx.2008.7.1.28">"Rethinking Crime and Immigration"</a>. <i>Contexts</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 28–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fctx.2008.7.1.28">10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.28</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1536-5042">1536-5042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contexts&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Crime+and+Immigration&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28-33&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fctx.2008.7.1.28&rft.issn=1536-5042&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Fctx.2008.7.1.28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerraro2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ferraro, Vincent (February 14, 2015). "Immigration and Crime in the New Destinations, 2000–2007: A Test of the Disorganizing Effect of Migration". <i>Journal of Quantitative Criminology</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 23–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10940-015-9252-y">10.1007/s10940-015-9252-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0748-4518">0748-4518</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144058620">144058620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Quantitative+Criminology&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+Crime+in+the+New+Destinations%2C+2000%E2%80%932007%3A+A+Test+of+the+Disorganizing+Effect+of+Migration&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-45&rft.date=2015-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144058620%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0748-4518&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10940-015-9252-y&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStansfield2014" class="citation journal cs1">Stansfield, Richard (August 2014). "Safer Cities: A Macro-level analysis of Recent Immigration, Hispanic-owned Businesses, and Crime Rates in the United States". <i>Journal of Urban Affairs</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 503–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjuaf.12051">10.1111/juaf.12051</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154982825">154982825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+Affairs&rft.atitle=Safer+Cities%3A+A+Macro-level+analysis+of+Recent+Immigration%2C+Hispanic-owned+Businesses%2C+and+Crime+Rates+in+the+United+States&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=503-18&rft.date=2014-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjuaf.12051&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154982825%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Stansfield&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/10/03/sanctuary-cities-do-not-experience-an-increase-in-crime/">"Sanctuary cities do not experience an increase in crime"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161003200516/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/10/03/sanctuary-cities-do-not-experience-an-increase-in-crime/">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Sanctuary+cities+do+not+experience+an+increase+in+crime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2016%2F10%2F03%2Fsanctuary-cities-do-not-experience-an-increase-in-crime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warren_343–69-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_343–69_224-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_343–69_224-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrenTomaskovic-Devey2009" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Patricia Y.; Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald (May 1, 2009). "Racial profiling and searches: Did the politics of racial profiling change police behavior?". <i>Criminology & Public Policy</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 343–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-9133.2009.00556.x">10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00556.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1745-9133">1745-9133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Criminology+%26+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Racial+profiling+and+searches%3A+Did+the+politics+of+racial+profiling+change+police+behavior%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=343-69&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-9133.2009.00556.x&rft.issn=1745-9133&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Y.&rft.au=Tomaskovic-Devey%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoJ_p._82-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MoJ_p._82_225-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoJ_p._82_225-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217822/stats-race-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2008-09c1.pdf">Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2008/09</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022140821/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217822/stats-race-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2008-09c1.pdf">Archived</a> October 22, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, p.p 8, 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West-2016-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West-2016_226-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest" class="citation web cs1">West, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307202800/http://www.mit.edu/~westj/articles/JeremyWest_RacialBiasPolice.pdf">"Racial Bias in Police Investigations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mit.edu/~westj/articles/JeremyWest_RacialBiasPolice.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Racial+Bias+in+Police+Investigations&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mit.edu%2F~westj%2Farticles%2FJeremyWest_RacialBiasPolice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_227-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_227-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonohue_IIILevitt2001" class="citation journal cs1">Donohue III, John J.; Levitt, Steven D. (January 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=fss_papers">"The Impact of Race on Policing and Arrests"</a>. <i>The Journal of Law & Economics</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 367–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F322810">10.1086/322810</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/322810">10.1086/322810</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1547854">1547854</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030075530/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=fss_papers">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Law+%26+Economics&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Race+on+Policing+and+Arrests&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=367-94&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1547854%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F322810%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F322810&rft.aulast=Donohue+III&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Levitt%2C+Steven+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.yale.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1036%26context%3Dfss_papers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_228-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_228-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramsBertrandMullainathan2012" class="citation journal cs1">Abrams, David S.; Bertrand, Marianne; Mullainathan, Sendhil (June 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1354&context=faculty_scholarship">"Do Judges Vary in Their Treatment of Race?"</a>. <i>The Journal of Legal Studies</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 347–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F666006">10.1086/666006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2530">0047-2530</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2338687">2338687</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113123439/http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1354&context=faculty_scholarship">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Legal+Studies&rft.atitle=Do+Judges+Vary+in+Their+Treatment+of+Race%3F&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=347-83&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2338687%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0047-2530&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F666006&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft.au=Bertrand%2C+Marianne&rft.au=Mullainathan%2C+Sendhil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.upenn.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1354%26context%3Dfaculty_scholarship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_229-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_229-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMustard2001" class="citation journal cs1">Mustard, David B. (April 1, 2001). "Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Sentencing: Evidence from the U.S. Federal Courts". <i>The Journal of Law and Economics</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 285–314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F320276">10.1086/320276</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2186">0022-2186</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154533225">154533225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Law+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Racial%2C+Ethnic%2C+and+Gender+Disparities+in+Sentencing%3A+Evidence+from+the+U.S.+Federal+Courts&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=285-314&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154533225%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-2186&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F320276&rft.aulast=Mustard&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anwar-2012-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anwar-2012_230-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anwar-2012_230-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnwarBayerHjalmarsson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Anwar, Shamena; Bayer, Patrick; Hjalmarsson, Randi (May 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjs014">"The Impact of Jury Race in Criminal Trials"</a>. <i>The Quarterly Journal of Economics</i>. <b>127</b> (2): 1017–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjs014">10.1093/qje/qjs014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-5533">0033-5533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Jury+Race+in+Criminal+Trials&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1017-55&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjs014&rft.issn=0033-5533&rft.aulast=Anwar&rft.aufirst=Shamena&rft.au=Bayer%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Hjalmarsson%2C+Randi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fqje%252Fqjs014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_231-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_231-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaudistelHoschHolmesGraves1999" class="citation journal cs1">Daudistel, Howard C.; Hosch, Harmon M.; Holmes, Malcolm D.; Graves, Joseph B. (February 1, 1999). "Effects of Defendant Ethnicity on Juries' Dispositions of Felony Cases1". <i>Journal of Applied Social Psychology</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 317–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1559-1816.1999.tb01389.x">10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb01389.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1559-1816">1559-1816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Social+Psychology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Defendant+Ethnicity+on+Juries%27+Dispositions+of+Felony+Cases1&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=317-36&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1559-1816.1999.tb01389.x&rft.issn=1559-1816&rft.aulast=Daudistel&rft.aufirst=Howard+C.&rft.au=Hosch%2C+Harmon+M.&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Malcolm+D.&rft.au=Graves%2C+Joseph+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Depew-2017-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Depew-2017_232-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Depew-2017_232-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepewErenMocan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Depew, Briggs; Eren, Ozkan; Mocan, Naci (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w22003.pdf">"Judges, Juveniles, and In-Group Bias"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Law_and_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Law and Economics">Journal of Law and Economics</a></i>. <b>60</b> (2): 209–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F693822">10.1086/693822</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147631237">147631237</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212041005/https://www.nber.org/papers/w22003.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Judges%2C+Juveniles%2C+and+In-Group+Bias&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=209-39&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F693822&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147631237%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Depew&rft.aufirst=Briggs&rft.au=Eren%2C+Ozkan&rft.au=Mocan%2C+Naci&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw22003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmenta2016" class="citation journal cs1">Armenta, Amanda (2016). "Radicalizing Crimmigration: Structural Racism, Colorblindness, and the Institutional Production of Immigrant Criminality". <i>Sociology of Race and Ethnicity</i>. <b>3</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociology+of+Race+and+Ethnicity&rft.atitle=Radicalizing+Crimmigration%3A+Structural+Racism%2C+Colorblindness%2C+and+the+Institutional+Production+of+Immigrant+Criminality&rft.volume=3&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Armenta&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West-2018-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West-2018_234-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2018" class="citation journal cs1">West, Jeremy (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.ucsc.edu/~jwest1/articles/West_RacialBiasPolice.pdf">"Racial Bias in Police Investigations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Working Paper</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323090110/https://people.ucsc.edu/~jwest1/articles/West_RacialBiasPolice.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Working+Paper&rft.atitle=Racial+Bias+in+Police+Investigations&rft.date=2018-02&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.ucsc.edu%2F~jwest1%2Farticles%2FWest_RacialBiasPolice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilkmanAkinolaChugh2015" class="citation journal cs1">Milkman, Katherine L.; Akinola, Modupe; Chugh, Dolly (November 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/fnce_papers/61">"What happens before? A field experiment exploring how pay and representation differentially shape bias on the pathway into organizations"</a>. <i>The Journal of Applied Psychology</i>. <b>100</b> (6): 1678–1712. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fapl0000022">10.1037/apl0000022</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-1854">1939-1854</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25867167">25867167</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522054951/https://repository.upenn.edu/fnce_papers/61/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Applied+Psychology&rft.atitle=What+happens+before%3F+A+field+experiment+exploring+how+pay+and+representation+differentially+shape+bias+on+the+pathway+into+organizations&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1678-1712&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.issn=1939-1854&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25867167&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fapl0000022&rft.aulast=Milkman&rft.aufirst=Katherine+L.&rft.au=Akinola%2C+Modupe&rft.au=Chugh%2C+Dolly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Ffnce_papers%2F61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspenshadeRadford2009" class="citation book cs1">Espenshade, Thomas J.; Radford, Alexandria Walton (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9072.html"><i>Espenshade, T.J. and Radford, A.W.: No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691141602" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691141602"><bdi>978-0691141602</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421134953/http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9072.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Espenshade%2C+T.J.+and+Radford%2C+A.W.%3A+No+Longer+Separate%2C+Not+Yet+Equal%3A+Race+and+Class+in+Elite+College+Admission+and+Campus+Life&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0691141602&rft.aulast=Espenshade&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft.au=Radford%2C+Alexandria+Walton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Ftitles%2F9072.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IZA-2016-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IZA-2016_237-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IZA-2016_237-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/papers/viewAbstract?dp_id=8584">"IZA – Institute for the Study of Labor"</a>. <i>www.iza.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917092948/http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/papers/viewAbstract?dp_id=8584">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iza.org&rft.atitle=IZA+%E2%80%93+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Labor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iza.org%2Fen%2Fwebcontent%2Fpublications%2Fpapers%2FviewAbstract%3Fdp_id%3D8584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOndrichRossYinger2003" class="citation journal cs1">Ondrich, Jan; Ross, Stephen; Yinger, John (November 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.economics.uconn.edu/working/2001-01.pdf">"Now You See It, Now You Don't: Why Do Real Estate Agents Withhold Available Houses from Black Customers?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Review of Economics and Statistics</i>. <b>85</b> (4): 854–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2F003465303772815772">10.1162/003465303772815772</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6535">0034-6535</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8524510">8524510</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924160642/https://media.economics.uconn.edu/working/2001-01.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Economics+and+Statistics&rft.atitle=Now+You+See+It%2C+Now+You+Don%27t%3A+Why+Do+Real+Estate+Agents+Withhold+Available+Houses+from+Black+Customers%3F&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=854-73&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8524510%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0034-6535&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2F003465303772815772&rft.aulast=Ondrich&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Ross%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Yinger%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.economics.uconn.edu%2Fworking%2F2001-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urban.org/research/publication/housing-discrimination-against-racial-and-ethnic-minorities-2012-full-report">"Housing Discrimination against Racial and Ethnic Minorities 2012: Full Report"</a>. <i>www.urban.org</i>. June 11, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506072813/http://www.urban.org/research/publication/housing-discrimination-against-racial-and-ethnic-minorities-2012-full-report">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.urban.org&rft.atitle=Housing+Discrimination+against+Racial+and+Ethnic+Minorities+2012%3A+Full+Report&rft.date=2013-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urban.org%2Fresearch%2Fpublication%2Fhousing-discrimination-against-racial-and-ethnic-minorities-2012-full-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riach-2002-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riach-2002_240-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiachRich2002" class="citation journal cs1">Riach, P. A.; Rich, J. (November 1, 2002). "Field Experiments of Discrimination in the Market Place". <i>The Economic Journal</i>. <b>112</b> (483): F480–F518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0297.00080">10.1111/1468-0297.00080</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-0297">1468-0297</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19024888">19024888</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Journal&rft.atitle=Field+Experiments+of+Discrimination+in+the+Market+Place&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=483&rft.pages=F480-F518&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19024888%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1468-0297&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0297.00080&rft.aulast=Riach&rft.aufirst=P.+A.&rft.au=Rich%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zschirnt-2016-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zschirnt-2016_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZschirntRuedin2016" class="citation journal cs1">Zschirnt, Eva; Ruedin, Didier (May 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/3559839">"Ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions: a meta-analysis of correspondence tests 1990–2015"</a>. <i>Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies</i>. <b>42</b> (7): 1115–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1369183X.2015.1133279">10.1080/1369183X.2015.1133279</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1369-183X">1369-183X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10261744">10261744</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317231253/https://zenodo.org/records/3559839">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnic+and+Migration+Studies&rft.atitle=Ethnic+discrimination+in+hiring+decisions%3A+a+meta-analysis+of+correspondence+tests+1990%E2%80%932015&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1115-34&rft.date=2016-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10261744%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1369-183X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369183X.2015.1133279&rft.aulast=Zschirnt&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.au=Ruedin%2C+Didier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F3559839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes_242-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOfari2007" class="citation news cs1">Ofari, Earl (November 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-op-hutchinson25nov25,0,1144425.story?coll=la-news-comment-opinions">"The black-Latino blame game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626072258/http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-op-hutchinson25nov25%2C0%2C1144425.story?coll=la-news-comment-opinions">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+black-Latino+blame+game&rft.date=2007-11-25&rft.aulast=Ofari&rft.aufirst=Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fopinion%2Fcommentary%2Fla-op-hutchinson25nov25%2C0%2C1144425.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-news-comment-opinions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes30-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes30_243-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinones2007" class="citation news cs1">Quinones, Sam (October 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-firestone18oct18,0,6500817.story?coll=la-home-local">"Gang rivalry grows into race war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626072329/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-firestone18oct18%2C0%2C6500817.story?coll=la-home-local">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Gang+rivalry+grows+into+race+war&rft.date=2007-10-18&rft.aulast=Quinones&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fla-me-firestone18oct18%2C0%2C6500817.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-home-local&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villarreal-2018-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Villarreal-2018_244-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillarrealTamborini2018" class="citation journal cs1">Villarreal, Andrés; Tamborini, Christopher R. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6290669">"Immigrants' Economic Assimilation: Evidence from Longitudinal Earnings Records"</a>. <i>American Sociological Review</i>. <b>83</b> (4): 686–715. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0003122418780366">10.1177/0003122418780366</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6290669">6290669</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30555169">30555169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Immigrants%27+Economic+Assimilation%3A+Evidence+from+Longitudinal+Earnings+Records&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=686-715&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6290669%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30555169&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0003122418780366&rft.aulast=Villarreal&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s&rft.au=Tamborini%2C+Christopher+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6290669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunadi-2020-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gunadi-2020_245-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunadi2020" class="citation journal cs1">Gunadi, Christian (2020). "Immigration and the Health of U.S. Natives". <i>Southern Economic Journal</i>. <b>86</b> (4): 1278–1306. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsoej.12425">10.1002/soej.12425</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2325-8012">2325-8012</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214313284">214313284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Economic+Journal&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+the+Health+of+U.S.+Natives&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1278-1306&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214313284%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2325-8012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fsoej.12425&rft.aulast=Gunadi&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-princeton-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-princeton_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211132922/http://paa2006.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=61199">"What Happens to the "Healthy Immigrant Effect"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paa2006.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=61199">the original</a> on February 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Happens+to+the+%22Healthy+Immigrant+Effect%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaa2006.princeton.edu%2Fdownload.aspx%3FsubmissionId%3D61199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nap43-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nap43_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">notably, National Research Council. (1997) "From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families". Washington D.C.: National Academy Press (Available here <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6164">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222044555/http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6164">Archived</a> December 22, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nih-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nih_248-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Institutes of Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001372.htm">Medical Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081001205422/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001372.htm">Archived</a> October 1, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed September 25, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStimpsonWilsonEschbach2010" class="citation journal cs1">Stimpson, Jim P.; Wilson, Fernando A.; Eschbach, Karl (March 2010). "Trends in health care spending for immigrants in the United States". <i>Health Affairs</i>. <b>29</b> (3): 544–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1377%2Fhlthaff.2009.0400">10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0400</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1544-5208">1544-5208</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20150234">20150234</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2757401">2757401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Affairs&rft.atitle=Trends+in+health+care+spending+for+immigrants+in+the+United+States&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=544-50&rft.date=2010-03&rft.issn=1544-5208&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2757401%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20150234&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1377%2Fhlthaff.2009.0400&rft.aulast=Stimpson&rft.aufirst=Jim+P.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Fernando+A.&rft.au=Eschbach%2C+Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osep-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osep_250-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Foreign and Foreign-Born Engineers in the United States: Infusing Talent, Raising Issues', Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=POD292">online text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111111112409/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=POD292">Archived</a> November 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wulf-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wulf_251-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William A. Wulf, President, National Academy of Engineering, Speaking before the 109th US Congress, September 15, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kerr-2011-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kerr-2011_252-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrKerr2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Kerr, William R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taloustieteellinenyhdistys.fi/images/stories/fep/fep12011/fep12011_kerr_and_kerr.pdf">"Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Finnish Economic Papers</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 1–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113083130/https://www.taloustieteellinenyhdistys.fi/images/stories/fep/fep12011/fep12011_kerr_and_kerr.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finnish+Economic+Papers&rft.atitle=Economic+Impacts+of+Immigration%3A+A+Survey&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-32&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Sari+Pekkala&rft.au=Kerr%2C+William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taloustieteellinenyhdistys.fi%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Ffep%2Ffep12011%2Ffep12011_kerr_and_kerr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igmchicago.org/igm-economic-experts-panel/poll-results?SurveyID=SV_0JtSLKwzqNSfrAF">"Poll Results | IGM Forum"</a>. <i>www.igmchicago.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905120022/http://www.igmchicago.org/igm-economic-experts-panel/poll-results?SurveyID=SV_0JtSLKwzqNSfrAF">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.igmchicago.org&rft.atitle=Poll+Results+%7C+IGM+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igmchicago.org%2Figm-economic-experts-panel%2Fpoll-results%3FSurveyID%3DSV_0JtSLKwzqNSfrAF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodvarssonVan_den_Berg2013" class="citation book cs1">Bodvarsson, Örn B; Van den Berg, Hendrik (2013). <i>The economics of immigration: theory and policy</i>. New York; Heidelberg [u.a.]: Springer. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1461421153" title="Special:BookSources/978-1461421153"><bdi>978-1461421153</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/852632755">852632755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+economics+of+immigration%3A+theory+and+policy&rft.place=New+York%3B+Heidelberg+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F852632755&rft.isbn=978-1461421153&rft.aulast=Bodvarsson&rft.aufirst=%C3%96rn+B&rft.au=Van+den+Berg%2C+Hendrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCard1990" class="citation journal cs1">Card, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp016h440s46f">"The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Labor_Relations_Review" title="Industrial and Labor Relations Review">Industrial and Labor Relations Review</a></i>. <b>43</b> (2): 245–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001979399004300205">10.1177/001979399004300205</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15116852">15116852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202091400/https://dataspace.princeton.edu/handle/88435/dsp016h440s46f">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+and+Labor+Relations+Review&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+the+Mariel+Boatlift+on+the+Miami+Labor+Market&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=245-57&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001979399004300205&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15116852%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Card&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farks.princeton.edu%2Fark%3A%2F88435%2Fdsp016h440s46f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFogedPeri2016" class="citation journal cs1">Foged, Mette; Peri, Giovanni (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aeaweb.org/aej/app/app/0802/2015-0114_app.pdf">"Immigrants' Effect on Native Workers: New Analysis on Longitudinal Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Economic Journal: Applied Economics</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 1–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Fapp.20150114">10.1257/app.20150114</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5245205">5245205</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317223742/https://assets.aeaweb.org/asset-server/articles-attachments/aej/app/app/0802/2015-0114_app.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Applied+Economics&rft.atitle=Immigrants%27+Effect+on+Native+Workers%3A+New+Analysis+on+Longitudinal+Data&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-34&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Fapp.20150114&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5245205%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Foged&rft.aufirst=Mette&rft.au=Peri%2C+Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2Faej%2Fapp%2Fapp%2F0802%2F2015-0114_app.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjas2003" class="citation journal cs1">Borjas, George J. (November 1, 2003). "The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market". <i>The Quarterly Journal of Economics</i>. <b>118</b> (4): 1335–74. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.183.1227">10.1.1.183.1227</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2F003355303322552810">10.1162/003355303322552810</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-5533">0033-5533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&rft.atitle=The+Labor+Demand+Curve+is+Downward+Sloping%3A+Reexamining+the+Impact+of+Immigration+on+the+Labor+Market&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1335-74&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.183.1227%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.issn=0033-5533&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2F003355303322552810&rft.aulast=Borjas&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChassamboulliPeri2015" class="citation journal cs1">Chassamboulli, Andri; Peri, Giovanni (October 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/38v6c3b3">"The labor market effects of reducing the number of illegal immigrants"</a>. <i>Review of Economic Dynamics</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 792–821. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.red.2015.07.005">10.1016/j.red.2015.07.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16242107">16242107</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104184210/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38v6c3b3">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Economic+Dynamics&rft.atitle=The+labor+market+effects+of+reducing+the+number+of+illegal+immigrants&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=792-821&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.red.2015.07.005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16242107%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chassamboulli&rft.aufirst=Andri&rft.au=Peri%2C+Giovanni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F38v6c3b3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrKerr2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Kerr, William R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taloustieteellinenyhdistys.fi/images/stories/fep/fep12011/fep12011_kerr_and_kerr.pdf">"Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Finnish Economic Papers</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 1–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113083130/https://www.taloustieteellinenyhdistys.fi/images/stories/fep/fep12011/fep12011_kerr_and_kerr.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finnish+Economic+Papers&rft.atitle=Economic+Impacts+of+Immigration%3A+A+Survey&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-32&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Sari+Pekkala&rft.au=Kerr%2C+William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taloustieteellinenyhdistys.fi%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Ffep%2Ffep12011%2Ffep12011_kerr_and_kerr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonghiNijkampPoot2005" class="citation journal cs1">Longhi, Simonetta; Nijkamp, Peter; Poot, Jacques (July 1, 2005). "A Meta-Analytic Assessment of the Effect of Immigration on Wages". <i>Journal of Economic Surveys</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 451–77. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.594.7035">10.1.1.594.7035</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0950-0804.2005.00255.x">10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00255.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1467-6419">1467-6419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Surveys&rft.atitle=A+Meta-Analytic+Assessment+of+the+Effect+of+Immigration+on+Wages&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=451-77&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.594.7035%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.issn=1467-6419&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0950-0804.2005.00255.x&rft.aulast=Longhi&rft.aufirst=Simonetta&rft.au=Nijkamp%2C+Peter&rft.au=Poot%2C+Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonghiNijkampPoot2010" class="citation journal cs1">Longhi, Simonetta; Nijkamp, Peter; Poot, Jacques (October 1, 2010). "Meta-Analyses of Labour-Market Impacts of Immigration: Key Conclusions and Policy Implications". <i>Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy</i>. <b>28</b> (5): 819–33. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EnPlC..28..819L">2010EnPlC..28..819L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fc09151r">10.1068/c09151r</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-774X">0263-774X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154749568">154749568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+Planning+C%3A+Government+and+Policy&rft.atitle=Meta-Analyses+of+Labour-Market+Impacts+of+Immigration%3A+Key+Conclusions+and+Policy+Implications&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=819-33&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1068%2Fc09151r&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154749568%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0263-774X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010EnPlC..28..819L&rft.aulast=Longhi&rft.aufirst=Simonetta&rft.au=Nijkamp%2C+Peter&rft.au=Poot%2C+Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkkerse2008" class="citation journal cs1">Okkerse, Liesbet (February 1, 2008). "How to Measure Labour Market Effects of Immigration: A Review". <i>Journal of Economic Surveys</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 1–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-6419.2007.00533.x">10.1111/j.1467-6419.2007.00533.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1467-6419">1467-6419</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55145701">55145701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Surveys&rft.atitle=How+to+Measure+Labour+Market+Effects+of+Immigration%3A+A+Review&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-30&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55145701%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1467-6419&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-6419.2007.00533.x&rft.aulast=Okkerse&rft.aufirst=Liesbet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttavianoPeri2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P.; Peri, Giovanni (February 1, 2012). "Rethinking the Effect of Immigration on Wages". <i>Journal of the European Economic Association</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 152–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1542-4774.2011.01052.x">10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01052.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1542-4774">1542-4774</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154634966">154634966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+European+Economic+Association&rft.atitle=Rethinking+the+Effect+of+Immigration+on+Wages&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=152-97&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154634966%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1542-4774&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1542-4774.2011.01052.x&rft.aulast=Ottaviano&rft.aufirst=Gianmarco+I.+P.&rft.au=Peri%2C+Giovanni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattistiFelbermayrPeriPoutvaara2014" class="citation journal cs1">Battisti, Michele; Felbermayr, Gabriel; Peri, Giovanni; Poutvaara, Panu (May 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw20131">"Immigration, Search, and Redistribution: A Quantitative Assessment of Native Welfare"</a>. <i>NBER Working Paper No. 20131</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw20131">10.3386/w20131</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBER+Working+Paper+No.+20131&rft.atitle=Immigration%2C+Search%2C+and+Redistribution%3A+A+Quantitative+Assessment+of+Native+Welfare&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw20131&rft.aulast=Battisti&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.au=Felbermayr%2C+Gabriel&rft.au=Peri%2C+Giovanni&rft.au=Poutvaara%2C+Panu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3386%252Fw20131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCard2005" class="citation journal cs1">Card, David (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w11547.pdf">"Is the New Immigration Really So Bad?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Economic Journal</i>. <b>115</b> (506): F300–F323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0297.2005.01037.x">10.1111/j.1468-0297.2005.01037.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1601285">1601285</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212040820/https://www.nber.org/papers/w11547.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Journal&rft.atitle=Is+the+New+Immigration+Really+So+Bad%3F&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=506&rft.pages=F300-F323&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0297.2005.01037.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1601285%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Card&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw11547.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDustmannGlitzFrattini2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dustmann, Christian; Glitz, Albrecht; Frattini, Tommaso (September 21, 2008). "The labour market impact of immigration". <i>Oxford Review of Economic Policy</i>. <b>24</b> (3): 477–94. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.521.9523">10.1.1.521.9523</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxrep%2Fgrn024">10.1093/oxrep/grn024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0266-903X">0266-903X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Review+of+Economic+Policy&rft.atitle=The+labour+market+impact+of+immigration&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=477-94&rft.date=2008-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.521.9523%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.issn=0266-903X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxrep%2Fgrn024&rft.aulast=Dustmann&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Glitz%2C+Albrecht&rft.au=Frattini%2C+Tommaso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorence_JaumotteKsenia_KoloskovaSweta_Saxena2016" class="citation web cs1">Florence Jaumotte; Ksenia Koloskova; Sweta Saxena (October 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.imf.org/2016/10/24/migrants-bring-economic-benefits-for-advanced-economies/">"Migrants Bring Economic Benefits for Advanced Economies"</a>. <i>iMFdirect – The IMF Blog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429000410/https://blogs.imf.org/2016/10/24/migrants-bring-economic-benefits-for-advanced-economies/">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iMFdirect+%E2%80%93+The+IMF+Blog&rft.atitle=Migrants+Bring+Economic+Benefits+for+Advanced+Economies&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft.au=Florence+Jaumotte&rft.au=Ksenia+Koloskova&rft.au=Sweta+Saxena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.imf.org%2F2016%2F10%2F24%2Fmigrants-bring-economic-benefits-for-advanced-economies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurlanettoRobstad2016" class="citation web cs1">Furlanetto, Francesco; Robstad, Ørjan (December 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voxeu.org/article/immigration-and-macroeconomy">"Immigration and the macroeconomy: Some new empirical evidence"</a>. <i>VoxEU.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211155231/http://voxeu.org/article/immigration-and-macroeconomy">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VoxEU.org&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+the+macroeconomy%3A+Some+new+empirical+evidence&rft.date=2016-12-10&rft.aulast=Furlanetto&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft.au=Robstad%2C+%C3%98rjan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoxeu.org%2Farticle%2Fimmigration-and-macroeconomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstant2014" class="citation journal cs1">Constant, Amelie (May 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wol.iza.org/articles/do-migrants-take-the-jobs-of-native-workers">"Do migrants take the jobs of native workers?"</a>. <i>IZA World of Labor</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15185%2Fizawol.10">10.15185/izawol.10</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202021302/http://wol.iza.org/articles/do-migrants-take-the-jobs-of-native-workers">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IZA+World+of+Labor&rft.atitle=Do+migrants+take+the+jobs+of+native+workers%3F&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15185%2Fizawol.10&rft.aulast=Constant&rft.aufirst=Amelie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwol.iza.org%2Farticles%2Fdo-migrants-take-the-jobs-of-native-workers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImmigrationStatisticsEducationSciences2016" class="citation book cs1">Immigration, Panel on the Economic and Fiscal Consequences of; Statistics, Committee on National; Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and; Sciences, National Academies of; Engineering; Medicine, and (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609211558/https://www.ncsl.org/documents/taskforces/NAS_EconomicImpactsStates_chapter9.pdf"><i>The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F23550">10.17226/23550</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10919%2F83151">10919/83151</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0309444422" title="Special:BookSources/978-0309444422"><bdi>978-0309444422</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/documents/taskforces/NAS_EconomicImpactsStates_chapter9.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economic+and+Fiscal+Consequences+of+Immigration&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10919%2F83151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F23550&rft.isbn=978-0309444422&rft.aulast=Immigration&rft.aufirst=Panel+on+the+Economic+and+Fiscal+Consequences+of&rft.au=Statistics%2C+Committee+on+National&rft.au=Education%2C+Division+of+Behavioral+and+Social+Sciences+and&rft.au=Sciences%2C+National+Academies+of&rft.au=Engineering&rft.au=Medicine%2C+and&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsl.org%2Fdocuments%2Ftaskforces%2FNAS_EconomicImpactsStates_chapter9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttavianoPeri2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P.; Peri, Giovanni (January 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w10904.pdf">"The economic value of cultural diversity: evidence from US cities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Economic Geography</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 9–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjeg%2Flbi002">10.1093/jeg/lbi002</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10.1093%2Fjeg%2Flbi002">10.1093/jeg/lbi002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-2702">1468-2702</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212040849/https://www.nber.org/papers/w10904.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Geography&rft.atitle=The+economic+value+of+cultural+diversity%3A+evidence+from+US+cities&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-44&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10.1093%2Fjeg%2Flbi002&rft.issn=1468-2702&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjeg%2Flbi002&rft.aulast=Ottaviano&rft.aufirst=Gianmarco+I.+P.&rft.au=Peri%2C+Giovanni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw10904.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeri2010" class="citation journal cs1">Peri, Giovanni (October 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w15507.pdf">"The Effect Of Immigration On Productivity: Evidence From U.S. States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Review of Economics and Statistics</i>. <b>94</b> (1): 348–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FREST_a_00137">10.1162/REST_a_00137</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6535">0034-6535</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17957545">17957545</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212040903/https://www.nber.org/papers/w15507.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Economics+and+Statistics&rft.atitle=The+Effect+Of+Immigration+On+Productivity%3A+Evidence+From+U.S.+States&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=348-58&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17957545%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0034-6535&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FREST_a_00137&rft.aulast=Peri&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw15507.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_259-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlesinaHarnossRapoport2016" class="citation journal cs1">Alesina, Alberto; Harnoss, Johann; <a href="/wiki/Hillel_Rapoport" title="Hillel Rapoport">Rapoport, Hillel</a> (February 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w18699.pdf">"Birthplace diversity and economic prosperity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Economic Growth</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 101–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10887-016-9127-6">10.1007/s10887-016-9127-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1381-4338">1381-4338</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34712861">34712861</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212173400/https://www.nber.org/papers/w18699.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Growth&rft.atitle=Birthplace+diversity+and+economic+prosperity&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=101-38&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34712861%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1381-4338&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10887-016-9127-6&rft.aulast=Alesina&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft.au=Harnoss%2C+Johann&rft.au=Rapoport%2C+Hillel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw18699.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.uclouvain.be/econ/DP/IRES/2016028.pdf">"Multiculturalism and Growth: Skill-Specific Evidence from the Post-World War II Period"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220100752/http://sites.uclouvain.be/econ/DP/IRES/2016028.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multiculturalism+and+Growth%3A+Skill-Specific+Evidence+from+the+Post-World+War+II+Period&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.uclouvain.be%2Fecon%2FDP%2FIRES%2F2016028.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoveElia2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bove, Vincenzo; Elia, Leandro (January 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.worlddev.2016.08.012">"Migration, Diversity, and Economic Growth"</a>. <i>World Development</i>. <b>89</b>: 227–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.worlddev.2016.08.012">10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.012</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Development&rft.atitle=Migration%2C+Diversity%2C+and+Economic+Growth&rft.volume=89&rft.pages=227-39&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.worlddev.2016.08.012&rft.aulast=Bove&rft.aufirst=Vincenzo&rft.au=Elia%2C+Leandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.worlddev.2016.08.012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoveElia2016" class="citation web cs1">Bove, Vincenzo; Elia, Leandro (November 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voxeu.org/article/diversity-and-economic-development">"Cultural heterogeneity and economic development"</a>. <i>VoxEU.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161117064627/http://voxeu.org/article/diversity-and-economic-development">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VoxEU.org&rft.atitle=Cultural+heterogeneity+and+economic+development&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft.aulast=Bove&rft.aufirst=Vincenzo&rft.au=Elia%2C+Leandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoxeu.org%2Farticle%2Fdiversity-and-economic-development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qian-2020-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qian-2020_261-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQianNunnSequeira2020" class="citation journal cs1">Qian, Nancy; Nunn, Nathan; Sequeira, Sandra (2020). "Immigrants and the Making of America". <i>The Review of Economic Studies</i>. <b>87</b>: 382–419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Frestud%2Frdz003">10.1093/restud/rdz003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53597318">53597318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Immigrants+and+the+Making+of+America&rft.volume=87&rft.pages=382-419&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Frestud%2Frdz003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53597318%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Nunn%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Sequeira%2C+Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=23550">"New Report Assesses the Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404130354/http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=23550">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Report+Assesses+the+Economic+and+Fiscal+Consequences+of+Immigration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww8.nationalacademies.org%2Fonpinews%2Fnewsitem.aspx%3FRecordID%3D23550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/3/14624918/the-case-for-immigration">"The case for immigration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403155151/http://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/3/14624918/the-case-for-immigration">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+case+for+immigration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2017%2F4%2F3%2F14624918%2Fthe-case-for-immigration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBO-2007-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBO-2007_264-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBO-2007_264-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbo.gov/publication/41645">"The Impact of Unauthorized Immigrants on the Budgets of State and Local Governments"</a>. December 6, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722162216/https://www.cbo.gov/publication/41645">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+Unauthorized+Immigrants+on+the+Budgets+of+State+and+Local+Governments&rft.date=2007-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbo.gov%2Fpublication%2F41645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCard2009" class="citation journal cs1">Card, David (April 1, 2009). "Immigration and Inequality". <i>American Economic Review</i>. <b>99</b> (2): 1–21. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.412.9244">10.1.1.412.9244</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.99.2.1">10.1257/aer.99.2.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8282">0002-8282</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154716407">154716407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+Inequality&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-21&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.412.9244%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154716407%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0002-8282&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Faer.99.2.1&rft.aulast=Card&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenGreen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Alan G.; Green, David A. (June 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/895711">"Immigration and the Canadian Earnings Distribution in the First Half of the Twentieth Century"</a>. <i>The Journal of Economic History</i>. <b>76</b> (2): 387–426. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022050716000541">10.1017/S0022050716000541</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-6372">1471-6372</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:156620314">156620314</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522063444/https://zenodo.org/record/895711">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+History&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+the+Canadian+Earnings+Distribution+in+the+First+Half+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=387-426&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A156620314%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1471-6372&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022050716000541&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Alan+G.&rft.au=Green%2C+David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F895711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuGarandZhu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Xu, Ping; Garand, James C.; Zhu, Ling (September 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/psc_facpubs/5">"Imported Inequality? Immigration and Income Inequality in the American States"</a>. <i>State Politics & Policy Quarterly</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 147–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1532440015603814">10.1177/1532440015603814</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1532-4400">1532-4400</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155197472">155197472</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522054950/https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/psc_facpubs/5/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=State+Politics+%26+Policy+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Imported+Inequality%3F+Immigration+and+Income+Inequality+in+the+American+States&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=147-71&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155197472%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1532-4400&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1532440015603814&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Ping&rft.au=Garand%2C+James+C.&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Ling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.uri.edu%2Fpsc_facpubs%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollomp1988" class="citation journal cs1">Collomp, Catherine (October 1988). "Unions, civics, and National identity: organized Labor's reaction to immigration, 1881–1897". <i><a href="/wiki/Labor_History_(journal)" title="Labor History (journal)">Labor History</a></i>. <b>29</b> (4): 450–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00236568800890311">10.1080/00236568800890311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Labor+History&rft.atitle=Unions%2C+civics%2C+and+National+identity%3A+organized+Labor%27s+reaction+to+immigration%2C+1881%E2%80%931897&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=450-74&rft.date=1988-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00236568800890311&rft.aulast=Collomp&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/papers/viewAbstract?dp_id=10492">"IZA – Institute for the Study of Labor"</a>. <i>legacy.iza.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031610/http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/papers/viewAbstract?dp_id=10492">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legacy.iza.org&rft.atitle=IZA+%E2%80%93+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Labor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.iza.org%2Fen%2Fwebcontent%2Fpublications%2Fpapers%2FviewAbstract%3Fdp_id%3D10492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPia_m._OrreniusZavodny2009" class="citation journal cs1">Pia m. Orrenius, P. M.; Zavodny, M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831347">"Do Immigrants Work in Riskier Jobs?"</a>. <i>Demography</i>. <b>46</b> (3): 535–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fdem.0.0064">10.1353/dem.0.0064</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831347">2831347</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19771943">19771943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Demography&rft.atitle=Do+Immigrants+Work+in+Riskier+Jobs%3F&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=535-51&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2831347%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19771943&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fdem.0.0064&rft.aulast=Pia+m.+Orrenius&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Zavodny%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2831347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevelanderMalmö2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bevelander, Pieter; Malmö, University of (May 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wol.iza.org/articles/integrating-refugees-into-labor-markets/long">"Integrating refugees into labor markets"</a>. <i>IZA World of Labor</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15185%2Fizawol.269">10.15185/izawol.269</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161115141432/http://wol.iza.org/articles/integrating-refugees-into-labor-markets/long">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IZA+World+of+Labor&rft.atitle=Integrating+refugees+into+labor+markets&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15185%2Fizawol.269&rft.aulast=Bevelander&rft.aufirst=Pieter&rft.au=Malm%C3%B6%2C+University+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwol.iza.org%2Farticles%2Fintegrating-refugees-into-labor-markets%2Flong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans-2017-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evans-2017_272-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansFitzgerald2017" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, William N.; Fitzgerald, Daniel (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw23498">"The Economic and Social Outcomes of Refugees in the United States: Evidence from the ACS"</a>. <i>NBER Working Paper No. 23498</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw23498">10.3386/w23498</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBER+Working+Paper+No.+23498&rft.atitle=The+Economic+and+Social+Outcomes+of+Refugees+in+the+United+States%3A+Evidence+from+the+ACS&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw23498&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=William+N.&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3386%252Fw23498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-2017-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis-2017_273-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisSengupta2017" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Sengupta, Somini (September 18, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/politics/refugees-revenue-cost-report-trump.html">"Trump Administration Rejects Study Showing Positive Impact of Refugees"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/politics/refugees-revenue-cost-report-trump.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Administration+Rejects+Study+Showing+Positive+Impact+of+Refugees&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Julie+Hirschfeld&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Somini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frefugees-revenue-cost-report-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairlieLofstrom2013" class="citation journal cs1">Fairlie, Robert W.; Lofstrom, Magnus (January 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp7669.html">"Immigration and Entrepreneurship"</a>. <i>IZA Discussion Papers</i>. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816151426/https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp7669.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IZA+Discussion+Papers&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+Entrepreneurship&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.aulast=Fairlie&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft.au=Lofstrom%2C+Magnus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fideas.repec.org%2Fp%2Fiza%2Fizadps%2Fdp7669.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkcigitGrigsbyNicholas2017" class="citation journal cs1">Akcigit, Ufuk; Grigsby, John; Nicholas, Tom (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w23137.pdf">"Immigration and the Rise of American Ingenuity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Review" title="American Economic Review">American Economic Review</a></i>. <b>107</b> (5): 327–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.p20171021">10.1257/aer.p20171021</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35552861">35552861</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212040917/https://www.nber.org/papers/w23137.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+the+Rise+of+American+Ingenuity&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=327-31&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Faer.p20171021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35552861%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Akcigit&rft.aufirst=Ufuk&rft.au=Grigsby%2C+John&rft.au=Nicholas%2C+Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw23137.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrKerr2017" class="citation book cs1">Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Kerr, William R. (2017). "Immigrant Entrepreneurship". In Haltiwanger; Hurst; Miranda; Schoar (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27864359"><i>Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw22385">10.3386/w22385</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244385964">244385964</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317223744/https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/27864359">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Immigrant+Entrepreneurship&rft.btitle=Measuring+Entrepreneurial+Businesses%3A+Current+Knowledge+and+Challenges&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw22385&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244385964%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Sari+Pekkala&rft.au=Kerr%2C+William+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrs.harvard.edu%2Furn-3%3AHUL.InstRepos%3A27864359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalivos2008" class="citation journal cs1">Palivos, Theodore (June 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212040457/http://aphrodite.uom.gr/econwp/pdf/immigration1.pdf">"Welfare effects of illegal immigration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Population Economics</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 131–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00148-007-0182-3">10.1007/s00148-007-0182-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0933-1433">0933-1433</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154625546">154625546</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aphrodite.uom.gr/econwp/pdf/immigration1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Population+Economics&rft.atitle=Welfare+effects+of+illegal+immigration&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131-44&rft.date=2008-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154625546%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0933-1433&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00148-007-0182-3&rft.aulast=Palivos&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faphrodite.uom.gr%2Feconwp%2Fpdf%2Fimmigration1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2010" class="citation journal cs1">Liu, Xiangbo (December 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15469/1/MPRA_paper_15469.pdf">"On the macroeconomic and welfare effects of illegal immigration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control</i>. <b>34</b> (12): 2547–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jedc.2010.06.030">10.1016/j.jedc.2010.06.030</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212040455/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15469/1/MPRA_paper_15469.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Dynamics+and+Control&rft.atitle=On+the+macroeconomic+and+welfare+effects+of+illegal+immigration&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2547-67&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jedc.2010.06.030&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Xiangbo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2F15469%2F1%2FMPRA_paper_15469.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4703307">Study Details Lives of Illegal Immigrants in U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111226223541/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4703307">Archived</a> December 26, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. June 14, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=889f0b89284a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=889f0b89284a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD">H-2A Temporary Agricultural Workers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117082310/http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=889f0b89284a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=889f0b89284a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD">Archived</a> January 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502025309/http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/sum/hb87.htm">"Georgia General Assembly: HB 87 – Illegal Immigration Reform and Enforcement Act of 2011"</a>. .legis.ga.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/sum/hb87.htm">the original</a> on May 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Georgia+General+Assembly%3A+HB+87+%E2%80%93+Illegal+Immigration+Reform+and+Enforcement+Act+of+2011&rft.pub=.legis.ga.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.legis.ga.gov%2Flegis%2F2011_12%2Fsum%2Fhb87.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/02/kansas-prepares-clash-unauthorised-migrants">Guardian newspaper: Kansas prepares for clash of wills over future of unauthorised immigrants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208035816/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/02/kansas-prepares-clash-unauthorised-migrants">Archived</a> February 8, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Coalition of top [Kansas] businesses launch new legislation that would help undocumented Hispanics gain federal work permission. February 2, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kansascityfed.org/research/economic-bulletin/rising-immigration-has-helped-cool-an-overheated-labor-market/">Rising Immigration Has Helped Cool an Overheated Labor Market</a> Elior Cohen, Economic Bulletin, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, May 22, 2024 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DHS_202311-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DHS_202311_284-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2023-11/2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_immigration_statistics_fy2022.pdf">"2022 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. November 2023. pp. 103–104 (Table 39). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110173616/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2023-11/2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_immigration_statistics_fy2022.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics&rft.pages=103-104+%28Table+39%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft.date=2023-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-11%2F2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_immigration_statistics_fy2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes_20231029-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_20231029_285-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu2023" class="citation news cs1">Wu, Ashley (October 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/10/29/us/illegal-border-crossings-data.html">"Why Illegal Border Crossings Are at Sustained Highs"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222212043/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/10/29/us/illegal-border-crossings-data.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Illegal+Border+Crossings+Are+at+Sustained+Highs&rft.date=2023-10-29&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2023%2F10%2F29%2Fus%2Fillegal-border-crossings-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> The <i>Times</i> quotes data source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and notes: "Only encounters between ports of entry are shown."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigration48-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigration48_286-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary E. Williams, <i>Immigration</i>. (San Diego: GreenHaven Press, 2004). p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-religion_287-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rita James Simon and Mohamed Alaa Abdel-Moneim, <i>Public opinion in the United States: studies of race, religion, gender, and issues that matter</i> (2010) pp. 61–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldviews-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-worldviews_288-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldviews.org/detailreports/usreport/html/ch5s5.html">"Worldviews 2002 Survey of American and European Attitudes and Public Opinion on Foreign Policy: US Report"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140802141333/http://www.worldviews.org/detailreports/usreport/html/ch5s5.html">Archived</a> August 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigration49-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigration49_289-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://128.11.143.113/english/archive/2006-10/2006-10-17-voa56.cfm?CFID=19132808&CFTOKEN=34215369">New Poll Shows Immigration High Among US Voter Concerns</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_290-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_290-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/news/specials/polls/2004/immigration/summary.pdf">"Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128001509/http://www.npr.org/news/specials/polls/2004/immigration/summary.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fnews%2Fspecials%2Fpolls%2F2004%2Fimmigration%2Fsummary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interdisciplinary50-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-interdisciplinary50_291-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Espenshade, Thomas J. and Belanger, Maryanne (1998) "Immigration and Public Opinion." In Marcelo M. Suarez-Orozco, ed. <i>Crossings: Mexican Immigration in Interdisciplinary Perspectives</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: <a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller_Center_for_Latin_American_Studies" title="David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies">David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies</a> and Harvard University Press, pp. 365–403</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-publicagenda51-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-publicagenda51_292-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicagenda.org/red-flags/legal-vs-illegal-immigration/">Legal vs. Illegal Immigration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911000844/http://www.publicagenda.org/red-flags/legal-vs-illegal-immigration">Archived</a> September 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/Public_Agenda" title="Public Agenda">Public Agenda</a>. December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiffkin2015" class="citation web cs1">Riffkin, Rebecca (July 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gallup.com/poll/184193/racism-edges-again-important-problem.aspx">"Racism Edges Up Again as Most Important U.S. Problem"</a>. <i>Gallup.com</i>. Gallup Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105223546/http://news.gallup.com/poll/184193/racism-edges-again-important-problem.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup.com&rft.atitle=Racism+Edges+Up+Again+as+Most+Important+U.S.+Problem&rft.date=2015-07-16&rft.aulast=Riffkin&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F184193%2Fracism-edges-again-important-problem.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2015" class="citation web cs1">McCarthy, Justin (March 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gallup.com/poll/182018/worries-terrorism-race-relations-sharply.aspx">"In U.S., Worries About Terrorism, Race Relations Up Sharply"</a>. <i>Gallup.com</i>. Gallup Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119060838/http://news.gallup.com/poll/182018/worries-terrorism-race-relations-sharply.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup.com&rft.atitle=In+U.S.%2C+Worries+About+Terrorism%2C+Race+Relations+Up+Sharply&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F182018%2Fworries-terrorism-race-relations-sharply.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaad2015" class="citation web cs1">Saad, Lydia (January 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gallup.com/poll/181187/mood-economy-race-relations-sharply-down.aspx">"U.S. Mood on Economy Up, Race Relations Sharply Down"</a>. <i>Gallup.com</i>. Gallup Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171104215843/http://news.gallup.com/poll/181187/mood-economy-race-relations-sharply-down.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup.com&rft.atitle=U.S.+Mood+on+Economy+Up%2C+Race+Relations+Sharply+Down&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.aulast=Saad&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F181187%2Fmood-economy-race-relations-sharply-down.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2014" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Jeffrey M. (February 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gallup.com/poll/167432/border-security-immigrant-status-equally-important.aspx">"In U.S., Border Security, Immigrant Status Equally Important"</a>. <i>Gallup.com</i>. Gallup Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206160916/http://news.gallup.com/poll/167432/border-security-immigrant-status-equally-important.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup.com&rft.atitle=In+U.S.%2C+Border+Security%2C+Immigrant+Status+Equally+Important&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F167432%2Fborder-security-immigrant-status-equally-important.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewportWilke2013" class="citation web cs1">Newport, Frank; Wilke, Joy (June 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gallup.com/poll/163169/immigration-reform-proposals-garner-broad-support.aspx">"Immigration Reform Proposals Garner Broad Support in U.S."</a> <i>Gallup.com</i>. Gallup Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206141656/http://news.gallup.com/poll/163169/immigration-reform-proposals-garner-broad-support.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup.com&rft.atitle=Immigration+Reform+Proposals+Garner+Broad+Support+in+U.S.&rft.date=2013-06-19&rft.aulast=Newport&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Wilke%2C+Joy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F163169%2Fimmigration-reform-proposals-garner-broad-support.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGramlich2016" class="citation web cs1">Gramlich, John (November 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/29/trump-voters-want-to-build-the-wall-but-are-more-divided-on-other-immigration-questions/">"Trump voters want to build the wall, but are more divided on other immigration questions"</a>. <i>PewResearch.org</i>. Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171112065916/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/29/trump-voters-want-to-build-the-wall-but-are-more-divided-on-other-immigration-questions/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PewResearch.org&rft.atitle=Trump+voters+want+to+build+the+wall%2C+but+are+more+divided+on+other+immigration+questions&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft.aulast=Gramlich&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2016%2F11%2F29%2Ftrump-voters-want-to-build-the-wall-but-are-more-divided-on-other-immigration-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeixeira2024" class="citation web cs1">Teixeira, Michelly (October 18, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.com/poll-immigrants-rhetoric-poisoning-blood-3747277">"1 in 3 Americans Believe Immigrants Are 'Poisoning the Blood' Of The Country Like Trump Says"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=1+in+3+Americans+Believe+Immigrants+Are+%27Poisoning+the+Blood%27+Of+The+Country+Like+Trump+Says&rft.date=2024-10-18&rft.aulast=Teixeira&rft.aufirst=Michelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fpoll-immigrants-rhetoric-poisoning-blood-3747277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRainieBrown2016" class="citation web cs1">Rainie, Lee; Brown, Anna (October 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/07/americans-less-concerned-than-a-decade-ago-over-immigrants-impact-on-workforce/">"Americans less concerned than a decade ago over immigrants' impact on workforce"</a>. <i>PewResearch.org</i>. Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119165021/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/07/americans-less-concerned-than-a-decade-ago-over-immigrants-impact-on-workforce/">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PewResearch.org&rft.atitle=Americans+less+concerned+than+a+decade+ago+over+immigrants%27+impact+on+workforce&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft.aulast=Rainie&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.au=Brown%2C+Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2016%2F10%2F07%2Famericans-less-concerned-than-a-decade-ago-over-immigrants-impact-on-workforce%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperCoxLieneschJones2016" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Betsy; Cox, Daniel; Lienesch, Rachel; Jones, Robert P. (March 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prri.org/research/poll-immigration-reform-views-on-immigrants/">"How Americans View Immigrants, and What They ... | PRRI"</a>. <i>PRRI.org</i>. Public Religion Research Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117233138/https://www.prri.org/research/poll-immigration-reform-views-on-immigrants/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRRI.org&rft.atitle=How+Americans+View+Immigrants%2C+and+What+They+...+%7C+PRRI&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft.au=Cox%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Lienesch%2C+Rachel&rft.au=Jones%2C+Robert+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prri.org%2Fresearch%2Fpoll-immigration-reform-views-on-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowmanO'NeilSims" class="citation web cs1">Bowman, Karlyn; O'Neil, Eleanor; Sims, Heather. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Political-Report-February-2017.pdf">"Welcome to America? Public Opinion on Immigration Issues"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AEI Political Report</i>. AEI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915215742/http://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Political-Report-February-2017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AEI+Political+Report&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+America%3F+Public+Opinion+on+Immigration+Issues&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Karlyn&rft.au=O%27Neil%2C+Eleanor&rft.au=Sims%2C+Heather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aei.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F02%2FPolitical-Report-February-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inthesetimes.com/article/immigration-protests-jewish-youth-activism">"Jewish Youth Say "Never Again" As They Protest Trump's Concentration Camps"</a>. <i>In These Times</i>. July 9, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505072509/https://inthesetimes.com/article/immigration-protests-jewish-youth-activism">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+These+Times&rft.atitle=Jewish+Youth+Say+%22Never+Again%22+As+They+Protest+Trump%27s+Concentration+Camps&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finthesetimes.com%2Farticle%2Fimmigration-protests-jewish-youth-activism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levitz_2019-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levitz_2019_304-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitz2019" class="citation web cs1">Levitz, Eric (June 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/aoc-holocaust-why-migrant-detention-centers-are-concentration-camps-explained.html">"With Trump's Migrant Camps, the History We Should Fear Repeating Is Our Own"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York Intelligencer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212440/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/aoc-holocaust-why-migrant-detention-centers-are-concentration-camps-explained.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=With+Trump%27s+Migrant+Camps%2C+the+History+We+Should+Fear+Repeating+Is+Our+Own&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Levitz&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2019%2F06%2Faoc-holocaust-why-migrant-detention-centers-are-concentration-camps-explained.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2019-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2019_305-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/29/opinion/sunday/migrant-kids-concentration-camps.html">"Opinion – Why Detention Centers Remind Us of One of the Worst Periods in History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. June 29, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514153004/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/29/opinion/sunday/migrant-kids-concentration-camps.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%E2%80%93+Why+Detention+Centers+Remind+Us+of+One+of+the+Worst+Periods+in+History&rft.date=2019-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F29%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Fmigrant-kids-concentration-camps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2021-09/Topline%20NPR%20Afghanistan%20Regufees%2009%2008%202021.pdf">"Public Poll Findings and Methodology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909210414/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2021-09/Topline%20NPR%20Afghanistan%20Regufees%2009%2008%202021.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Poll+Findings+and+Methodology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fct%2Fnews%2Fdocuments%2F2021-09%2FTopline%2520NPR%2520Afghanistan%2520Regufees%252009%252008%25202021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoorstein2018" class="citation web cs1">Boorstein, Michelle (June 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/06/13/catholic-bishops-call-trumps-new-asylum-rules-immoral-with-one-suggesting-canonical-penalties-for-those-involved/">"Catholic bishops call Trump's asylum rules "immoral," with one suggesting "canonical penalties" for those involved"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126075401/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/06/13/catholic-bishops-call-trumps-new-asylum-rules-immoral-with-one-suggesting-canonical-penalties-for-those-involved/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span> – via www.washingtonpost.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+bishops+call+Trump%27s+asylum+rules+%22immoral%2C%22+with+one+suggesting+%22canonical+penalties%22+for+those+involved&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.aulast=Boorstein&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Facts-of-faith%2Fwp%2F2018%2F06%2F13%2Fcatholic-bishops-call-trumps-new-asylum-rules-immoral-with-one-suggesting-canonical-penalties-for-those-involved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ou.org/torah/machshava/jewish-ethicist/immigration/">"Immigration – OU Torah"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623141407/https://www.ou.org/torah/machshava/jewish-ethicist/immigration/">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigration+%E2%80%93+OU+Torah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Ftorah%2Fmachshava%2Fjewish-ethicist%2Fimmigration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623141432/https://www.momentmag.com/ask-the-rabbis-what-does-judaism-say-about-immigration/">"Ask the Rabbis – What Does Judaism Say about Immigration?"</a>. January 14, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.momentmag.com/ask-the-rabbis-what-does-judaism-say-about-immigration/">the original</a> on June 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ask+the+Rabbis+%E2%80%93+What+Does+Judaism+Say+about+Immigration%3F&rft.date=2013-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.momentmag.com%2Fask-the-rabbis-what-does-judaism-say-about-immigration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1898474/jewish/A-Torah-Perspective-on-National-Borders-and-Illegal-Immigration.htm">"A Torah Perspective on National Borders and Illegal Immigration"</a>. <i>www.chabad.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623141520/https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1898474/jewish/A-Torah-Perspective-on-National-Borders-and-Illegal-Immigration.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chabad.org&rft.atitle=A+Torah+Perspective+on+National+Borders+and+Illegal+Immigration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F1898474%2Fjewish%2FA-Torah-Perspective-on-National-Borders-and-Illegal-Immigration.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/chinese-exclusion-act-1882">"Chinese Exclusion Act"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. August 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011013711/https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/chinese-exclusion-act-1882">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=Chinese+Exclusion+Act&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fimmigration%2Fchinese-exclusion-act-1882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-act">"The Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116004715/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-act">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Immigration+Act+of+1924+%28The+Johnson-Reed+Act%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1921-1936%2Fimmigration-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150622201314/http://www.rcusa.org/uploads/pdfs/members/Asylum%20Levels%20and%20Trends%20in%20Industrialized%20Countries%2C%202014%2C%20UNHCR%2C%202015.pdf">"Asylum Trends 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNHCR</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcusa.org/uploads/pdfs/members/Asylum%20Levels%20and%20Trends%20in%20Industrialized%20Countries,%202014,%20UNHCR,%202015.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNHCR&rft.atitle=Asylum+Trends+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcusa.org%2Fuploads%2Fpdfs%2Fmembers%2FAsylum%2520Levels%2520and%2520Trends%2520in%2520Industrialized%2520Countries%2C%25202014%2C%2520UNHCR%2C%25202015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRupp2018" class="citation news cs1">Rupp, Kelsey (February 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/opinion/immigration/372577-new-immigration-policy-leaves-asylum-seekers-in-the-lurch/">"New immigration policy leaves asylum seekers in the lurch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505071913/http://thehill.com/opinion/immigration/372577-new-immigration-policy-leaves-asylum-seekers-in-the-lurch">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=New+immigration+policy+leaves+asylum+seekers+in+the+lurch&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft.aulast=Rupp&rft.aufirst=Kelsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fopinion%2Fimmigration%2F372577-new-immigration-policy-leaves-asylum-seekers-in-the-lurch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnnGrievance-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnnGrievance_315-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnnGrievance_315-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/08/politics/immigration-judges-justice-department-grievance/index.html">"Immigration judge removed from cases after perceived criticism of Sessions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. August 8, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925065110/https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/08/politics/immigration-judges-justice-department-grievance/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Immigration+judge+removed+from+cases+after+perceived+criticism+of+Sessions&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F08%2F08%2Fpolitics%2Fimmigration-judges-justice-department-grievance%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGania2004" class="citation book cs1">Gania, Edwin T. (2004). <i>U.S. Immigration Step by Step</i>. Sphinx. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57248-387-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57248-387-3"><bdi>978-1-57248-387-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Immigration+Step+by+Step&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Sphinx&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57248-387-3&rft.aulast=Gania&rft.aufirst=Edwin+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Immigration and Nationality Act, Section 240A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-6337.html">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131124114233/http://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-6337.html">Archived</a> November 24, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivan Vasic, <i>The Immigration Handbook</i> (2008) p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cordes_2011_i181-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cordes_2011_i181_319-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordes2011" class="citation web cs1">Cordes, Nancy (September 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/little-known-bills-can-grant-residency-for-one/">"Little-known bills can grant residency"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126192417/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/little-known-bills-can-grant-residency-for-one/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Little-known+bills+can+grant+residency&rft.date=2011-09-29&rft.aulast=Cordes&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Flittle-known-bills-can-grant-residency-for-one%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/2013/2013-1115_Parole_in_Place_Memo_.pdf">"Policy Memorandum"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. November 15, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219060835/http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/2013/2013-1115_Parole_in_Place_Memo_.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Policy+Memorandum&rft.date=2013-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscis.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FUSCIS%2FLaws%2FMemoranda%2F2013%2F2013-1115_Parole_in_Place_Memo_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YorkParoleInPlace-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YorkParoleInPlace_321-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYork2013" class="citation web cs1">York, Harlan (November 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://immigrationlawnj.com/new-rule-legalize-immigrant-relatives-military/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Parole in Place' for Immigrant Relatives of Military – What To Know"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150614105236/https://immigrationlawnj.com/new-rule-legalize-immigrant-relatives-military/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Parole+in+Place%27+for+Immigrant+Relatives+of+Military+%E2%80%93+What+To+Know&rft.date=2013-11-15&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Harlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimmigrationlawnj.com%2Fnew-rule-legalize-immigrant-relatives-military%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherman-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sherman_322-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman2015" class="citation news cs1">Sherman, Amy (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/jul/28/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-number-illegal-immigrants-30-mil/">"Donald Trump wrongly says the number of illegal immigrants is 30 million or higher"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161117020559/http://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/jul/28/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-number-illegal-immigrants-30-mil/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+wrongly+says+the+number+of+illegal+immigrants+is+30+million+or+higher&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Fflorida%2Fstatements%2F2015%2Fjul%2F28%2Fdonald-trump%2Fdonald-trump-says-number-illegal-immigrants-30-mil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KrogstafFiveFacts2017-323"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KrogstafFiveFacts2017_323-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jens Manuel Krogstaf, Jeffrey S. PAssel & D'Vera Cohn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/27/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/">5 facts about illegal immigration in the U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428135213/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/27/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/">Archived</a> April 28, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Pew Research Center (April 27, 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hipsman2016-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hipsman2016_324-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faye Hipsman, Bárbara Gómez-Aguiñaga, & Randy Capps, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/DACAatFour-FINAL.pdf">Policy Brief: DACA at Four: Participation in the Deferred Action Program and Impacts on Recipients</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525112538/http://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/DACAatFour-FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> May 25, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Migration Policy Institute (August 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKate_M._Manuel2016" class="citation web cs1">Kate M. Manuel (March 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/library/P11612.pdf">"Aliens' Right to Counsel in Removal Proceedings: In Brief"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional Research Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412050952/https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/library/P11612.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aliens%27+Right+to+Counsel+in+Removal+Proceedings%3A+In+Brief&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft.au=Kate+M.+Manuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrac.syr.edu%2Fimmigration%2Flibrary%2FP11612.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/01/20/fact-sheet-president-biden-sends-immigration-bill-to-congress-as-part-of-his-commitment-to-modernize-our-immigration-system/">"Fact Sheet: President Biden Sends Immigration Bill to Congress as Part of His Commitment to Modernize our ImmigrationSystem"</a>. <i>The White House</i>. January 20, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520222338/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/01/20/fact-sheet-president-biden-sends-immigration-bill-to-congress-as-part-of-his-commitment-to-modernize-our-immigration-system/">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+President+Biden+Sends+Immigration+Bill+to+Congress+as+Part+of+His+Commitment+to+Modernize+our+ImmigrationSystem&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fstatements-releases%2F2021%2F01%2F20%2Ffact-sheet-president-biden-sends-immigration-bill-to-congress-as-part-of-his-commitment-to-modernize-our-immigration-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/spouses-of-us-citizens-lose-supreme-court-visa-denial-dispute">"Spouses of US Citizens Lose Supreme Court Visa Denial Case (1)"</a>. <i>news.bloomberglaw.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.bloomberglaw.com&rft.atitle=Spouses+of+US+Citizens+Lose+Supreme+Court+Visa+Denial+Case+%281%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bloomberglaw.com%2Fus-law-week%2Fspouses-of-us-citizens-lose-supreme-court-visa-denial-dispute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amerikastudien-328"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amerikastudien_328-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James H. Dormon, "Ethnic Stereotyping in American Popular Culture: The Depiction of American Ethnics in the Cartoon Periodicals of the Gilded Age," <i>Amerikastudien,</i> 1985, Vol. 30 Issue 4, pp. 489–507</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-introduction-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-introduction_329-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel Rupin and Jeffrey Melnick, <i>Immigration and American Popular Culture: An Introduction</i> (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amerikastudien54-330"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amerikastudien54_330-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James H. Dorman, "American Popular Culture and the New Immigration Ethnics: The Vaudeville Stage and the Process of Ethnic Ascription," <i>Amerikastudien,</i> 1991, Vol. 36#2 pp. 179–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interdisciplinary55-331"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-interdisciplinary55_331-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yasmeen Abu-Laban and Victoria Lamont, "Crossing borders: Interdisciplinary, immigration and the melting pot in the American cultural imaginary," <i>Canadian Review of American Studies,</i> 1997, Vol. 27#2, pp. 23–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigrants-332"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigrants_332-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Rogin, <i>Blackface White Noise: Jewish Immigrants in the Hollywood Melting Pot</i> (1996)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frontani-333"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frontani_333-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Frontani, "'From the Bottom to the Top': Frank Sinatra, the American Myth of Success, and the Italian-American Image," <i>Journal of American Culture,</i> June 2005, Vol. 28 Issue 2, pp. 216–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-williams-334"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-williams_334-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William H. A. Williams, "Green Again: Irish-American Lace-Curtain Satire," <i>New Hibernia Review,</i> Winter 2002, Vol. 6 Issue 2, pp. 9–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-assimilation56-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-assimilation56_335-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerry Soper, "Performing 'Jiggs': Irish Caricature and Comedic Ambivalence Toward Assimilation and the American Dream in George Mcmanus's 'Bringing Up Father'", Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, April 2005, Vol. 4#2, pp. 173–213,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigration57-336"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigration57_336-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David R. Maciel and María Herrera-Sobek, <i>Culture across Borders: Mexican Immigration and Popular Culture</i> (1998)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas J. Ferraro, <i>Ethnic Passages: Literary Immigrants in Twentieth-Century America</i> (1993)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Roa White, "Emigration as Emancipation: Portrayals of the Immigrant Irish Girl in Nineteenth-Century Fiction," <i>New Hibernia Review,</i> Spring 2005, Vol. 9 Issue 1, pp. 95–108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miran Hladnik, "Slovene Popular Novels about Emigration in the Nineteenth Century", <i>Slovene Studies,</i> 1985, Vol. 7 Issue 1/2, pp. 57–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aiyar_2012-340"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aiyar_2012_340-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiyar2012" class="citation web cs1">Aiyar, Swaminathan S Anklesaria (May 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/swaminathan-s-a-aiyar/brain-drain-or-not-the-right-to-emigrate-is-fundamental/articleshow/13016129.cms">"Brain drain or not, the right to emigrate is fundamental"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514155031/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/swaminathan-s-a-aiyar/brain-drain-or-not-the-right-to-emigrate-is-fundamental/articleshow/13016129.cms">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Brain+drain+or+not%2C+the+right+to+emigrate+is+fundamental&rft.date=2012-05-06&rft.aulast=Aiyar&rft.aufirst=Swaminathan+S+Anklesaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fswaminathan-s-a-aiyar%2Fbrain-drain-or-not-the-right-to-emigrate-is-fundamental%2Farticleshow%2F13016129.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas J. Ferraro, "'Working ourselves up' in America: Anzia Yezierska's <i>Bread Givers</i>", <i>South Atlantic Quarterly,</i> Summer 19 90, Vol. 89 Issue 3, pp. 547–91. reprinted in Ferraro, <i>Ethnic Passages,</i> pp. 53–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmer Lång, and Michael Brook, "Moberg, the Emigrant Saga and Reality," <i>Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly,</i> 1972, Vol. 23 Issue 1, pp. 3–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-introduction58-343"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-introduction58_343-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip J. Anderson, "Introduction to Vilhelm Moberg's 'Why I Wrote the Novel about Swedish Emigrants'", <i>Swedish-American Historical Quarterly,</i> July 2008, Vol. 59#3 pp. 137–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historical-344"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-historical_344-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger McKnight, "Vilhelm Moberg, the Emigrant Novels, and their Changing Readers," <i>Swedish-American Historical Quarterly,</i> July 1998, Vol. 49 Issue 3, pp. 245–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-colonytheatre-345"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-colonytheatre_345-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonytheatre.org/shows/theImmigrant.html">"A Note From the Bookwriter"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716170946/http://www.colonytheatre.org/shows/theImmigrant.html">Archived</a> July 16, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Immigrant</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-typepad-346"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-typepad_346-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFin_Current_Affairs,_Film2010" class="citation web cs1">in Current Affairs, Film (May 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2010/05/acclaimed-political-documentary-series-how-democracy-works-now-announces-washington-dc-screenings.html">"Immigrationprof Blog: Acclaimed Political Documentary Series "How Democracy Works Now" Announces Washington D.C. Screenings"</a>. Lawprofessors.typepad.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929023013/http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2010/05/acclaimed-political-documentary-series-how-democracy-works-now-announces-washington-dc-screenings.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigrationprof+Blog%3A+Acclaimed+Political+Documentary+Series+%22How+Democracy+Works+Now%22+Announces+Washington+D.C.+Screenings&rft.pub=Lawprofessors.typepad.com&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.au=in+Current+Affairs%2C+Film&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawprofessors.typepad.com%2Fimmigration%2F2010%2F05%2Facclaimed-political-documentary-series-how-democracy-works-now-announces-washington-dc-screenings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natgeotv.com/za/shows/natgeo/trafficked-with-mariana-van-zeller">"Trafficked with Mariana van Zeller (episode:guns)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411071752/https://www.natgeotv.com/za/shows/natgeo/trafficked-with-mariana-van-zeller">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trafficked+with+Mariana+van+Zeller+%28episode%3Aguns%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natgeotv.com%2Fza%2Fshows%2Fnatgeo%2Ftrafficked-with-mariana-van-zeller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Archives_2016-348"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Archives_2016_348-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/homestead-act">"The Homestead Act of 1862"</a>. <i>National Archives</i>. August 15, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191012084634/https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/homestead-act">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=The+Homestead+Act+of+1862&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Feducation%2Flessons%2Fhomestead-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigration59-349"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigration59_349-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotomura2007" class="citation book cs1">Motomura, H. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9Qhmr9fGt0C&pg=PT102"><i>Americans in Waiting: The Lost Story of Immigration and Citizenship in the United States</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988743-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988743-9"><bdi>978-0-19-988743-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514160954/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9Qhmr9fGt0C&pg=PT102">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Americans+in+Waiting%3A+The+Lost+Story+of+Immigration+and+Citizenship+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-988743-9&rft.aulast=Motomura&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ9Qhmr9fGt0C%26pg%3DPT102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economics-350"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economics_350-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabor S. Boritt, <i>Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream</i> (1994) p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pennsylvania-351"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pennsylvania_351-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Baigent, "Swedish immigrants in McKeesport, Pennsylvania: Did the Great American Dream come true?" <i>Journal of Historical Geography,</i> April 2000, Vol. 26 Issue 2, pp. 239–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-american-352"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-american_352-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Cullen, <i>The American Dream : A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation</i>. 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517325-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-517325-2">0-19-517325-2</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey2021" class="citation journal cs1">Massey, Douglas Steven (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/publication/bipartisan-origins-white-nationalism">"The Bipartisan Origins of White Nationalism"</a>. <i>Daedalus</i>. <b>150</b> (2): 5–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fdaed_a_01843">10.1162/daed_a_01843</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425181609/https://www.amacad.org/publication/bipartisan-origins-white-nationalism">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daedalus&rft.atitle=The+Bipartisan+Origins+of+White+Nationalism&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=5-22&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fdaed_a_01843&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublication%2Fbipartisan-origins-white-nationalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surveys">Surveys</h3></div> <ul><li>Anbinder, Tyler. <i>City of Dreams: The 400-Year Epic History of Immigrant New York</i> (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016). 766 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0544104655" title="Special:BookSources/978-0544104655">978-0544104655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Archdeacon" title="Thomas J. Archdeacon">Archdeacon, Thomas J.</a> <i>Becoming American: An Ethnic History</i> (1984)</li> <li>Bankston, Carl L. III and Danielle Antoinette Hidalgo, eds. <i>Immigration in U.S. History</i> Salem Press, (2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1587652684" title="Special:BookSources/1587652684">1587652684</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkan,_Elliott_Robert2001" class="citation book cs1">Barkan, Elliott Robert, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WwwY_eJnodgC&pg=PR35"><i>Making it in America: A Sourcebook on Eminent Ethnic Americans</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1576070987" title="Special:BookSources/978-1576070987"><bdi>978-1576070987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+it+in+America%3A+A+Sourcebook+on+Eminent+Ethnic+Americans&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1576070987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWwwY_eJnodgC%26pg%3DPR35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> short scholarly biographies With bibliographies; 448 pp.</li> <li>Bodnar, John. <i>The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America</i> Indiana University Press, (1985) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253313473" title="Special:BookSources/0253313473">0253313473</a></li> <li>Daniels, Roger. <i>Asian America: Chinese and Japanese in the United States since 1850</i> University of Washington Press, (1988) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0295970189" title="Special:BookSources/0295970189">0295970189</a></li> <li>Daniels, Roger. <i>Coming to America</i> 2nd ed. (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/006050577X" title="Special:BookSources/006050577X">006050577X</a></li> <li>Daniels, Roger. <i>Guarding the Golden Door : American Immigration Policy and Immigrants since 1882</i> (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0809053446" title="Special:BookSources/0809053446">0809053446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasia_Diner" title="Hasia Diner">Diner, Hasia</a>. <i>The Jews of the United States, 1654 to 2000</i> (2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520939921" title="Special:BookSources/0520939921">0520939921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Dinnerstein" title="Leonard Dinnerstein">Dinnerstein, Leonard</a>, and David M. Reimers. <i>Ethnic Americans: a history of immigration</i> (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnicamericansh00dinn">online</a></li> <li>Gerber, David A. <i>American Immigration: A Very Short Introduction</i> (2011). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195331788" title="Special:BookSources/0195331788">0195331788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Gjerde" title="Jon Gjerde">Gjerde, Jon</a>, ed. <i>Major Problems in American Immigration and Ethnic History</i> (1998).</li> <li>Glazier, Michael, ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of the Irish in America</i> (1999). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0268027552" title="Special:BookSources/0268027552">0268027552</a></li> <li>Jones, Maldwyn A. <i>American immigration</i> (1960) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanimmigrat00jone">online</a></li> <li>Joselit, Jenna Weissman. <i>Immigration and American religion</i> (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/immigrationameri00jenn_0">online</a></li> <li>Parker, Kunal M. <i>Making Foreigners: Immigration and Citizenship Law in America, 1600–2000.</i> New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1107698510" title="Special:BookSources/1107698510">1107698510</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeller1984" class="citation book cs1">Seller, Maxine (1984). <i>Immigrant Women</i> (2nd ed.). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791419038" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791419038"><bdi>978-0791419038</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigrant+Women&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0791419038&rft.aulast=Seller&rft.aufirst=Maxine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sowell, Thomas. <i>Ethnic America: A History</i> (1981). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0465020755" title="Special:BookSources/0465020755">0465020755</a></li> <li>Thernstrom, Stephan, ed. <i>Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups</i> (1980). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674375122" title="Special:BookSources/0674375122">0674375122</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_1920">Before 1920</h3></div> <ul><li>Alexander, June Granatir. <i>Daily Life in Immigrant America, 1870–1920: How the Second Great Wave of Immigrants Made Their Way in America</i> (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2007. xvi, 332 pp.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Berthoff" title="Rowland Berthoff">Berthoff, Rowland Tappan</a>. <i>British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790–1950</i> (1953). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0846210444" title="Special:BookSources/0846210444">0846210444</a></li> <li>Briggs, John. <i>An Italian Passage: Immigrants to Three American Cities, 1890–1930</i> Yale University Press, (1978). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300020953" title="Special:BookSources/0300020953">0300020953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasia_Diner" title="Hasia Diner">Diner, Hasia</a>. <i>Hungering for America: Italian, Irish, and Jewish Foodways in the Age of Migration</i> (2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674034252" title="Special:BookSources/0674034252">0674034252</a></li> <li>Dudley, William, ed. <i>Illegal immigration: opposing viewpoints</i> (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illegalimmigrati00dudl">online</a></li> <li>Eltis, David; <i>Coerced and Free Migration: Global Perspectives</i> (2002) emphasis on migration to Americas before 1800. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804770360" title="Special:BookSources/0804770360">0804770360</a></li> <li>Greene, Victor R. <i>A Singing Ambivalence: American Immigrants Between Old World and New, 1830–1930</i> (2004), covering musical traditions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0873387945" title="Special:BookSources/0873387945">0873387945</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/immigrationandl01hourgoog">Isaac Aaronovich Hourwich. <i>Immigration and Labor: The Economic Aspects of European Immigration to the United States</i> (1912)</a> (full text online)</li> <li>Joseph, Samuel; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35415/35415-h/35415-h.htm">Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230515225739/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35415/35415-h/35415-h.htm">Archived</a> May 15, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> Columbia University Press, (1914).</li> <li>Kulikoff, Allan; <i>From British Peasants to Colonial American Farmers</i> (2000), details on colonial immigration. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0807848824" title="Special:BookSources/0807848824">0807848824</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieberson2020" class="citation book cs1">Lieberson, Stanley (2020) [1980]. <i>A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520352865" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520352865"><bdi>978-0520352865</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Piece+of+the+Pie%3A+Blacks+and+White+Immigrants+Since+1880&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0520352865&rft.aulast=Lieberson&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Meagher, Timothy J. <i>The Columbia Guide to Irish American History</i>. (2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231510705" title="Special:BookSources/0231510705">0231510705</a></li> <li>Miller, Kerby M. <i>Emigrants and Exiles</i> (1985), influential scholarly interpretation of Irish immigration</li> <li>Motomura, Hiroshi. <i>Americans in Waiting: The Lost Story of Immigration and Citizenship in the United States</i> (2006), legal history. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199887438" title="Special:BookSources/0199887438">0199887438</a></li> <li>Pochmann, Henry A. and Arthur R. Schultz; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germancultureina00poch">German culture in America; philosophical and literary influences, 1600–1900</a> (1957)</li> <li>Waters, Tony. <i>Crime and Immigrant Youth</i> Sage Publications (1999), a sociological analysis. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/145226337X" title="Special:BookSources/145226337X">145226337X</a></li> <li>U.S. Immigration Commission, <i>Abstracts of Reports,</i> 2 vols. (1911); the full 42-volume report is summarized (with additional information) in <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_W._Jenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah W. Jenks">Jeremiah W. Jenks</a> and W. Jett Lauck, <i>The Immigrant Problem</i> (1912; 6th ed. 1926)</li> <li>Wittke, Carl. <i>We Who Built America: The Saga of the Immigrant</i> (1939), covers all major groups</li> <li>Yans-McLaughlin, Virginia ed. <i>Immigration Reconsidered: History, Sociology, and Politics</i> Oxford University Press. (1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/019536368X" title="Special:BookSources/019536368X">019536368X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent:_post_1965">Recent: post 1965</h3></div> <ul><li>Beasley, Vanessa B. ed. <i>Who Belongs in America?: Presidents, Rhetoric, And Immigration</i> (2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1585445053" title="Special:BookSources/1585445053">1585445053</a></li> <li>Bogen, Elizabeth. <i>Immigration in New York</i> (1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275921999" title="Special:BookSources/0275921999">0275921999</a></li> <li>Bommes, Michael and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Geddes_(political_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Geddes (political scientist) (page does not exist)">Andrew Geddes</a>. <i>Immigration and Welfare: Challenging the Borders of the Welfare State</i> (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415223725" title="Special:BookSources/0415223725">0415223725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjas,_George_J." class="mw-redirect" title="Borjas, George J.">Borjas, George J.</a> ed. <i>Issues in the Economics of Immigration</i> (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report) (2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-06631-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-06631-2">0-226-06631-2</a></li> <li>Borjas, George. <i>Friends or Strangers</i> (1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0465025676" title="Special:BookSources/0465025676">0465025676</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjas2002" class="citation journal cs1">Borjas, George J (2002). "Welfare Reform and Immigrant Participation in Welfare Programs". <i>International Migration Review</i>. <b>36</b> (4): 1093–1123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1747-7379.2002.tb00119.x">10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00119.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153858736">153858736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=Welfare+Reform+and+Immigrant+Participation+in+Welfare+Programs&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1093-1123&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1747-7379.2002.tb00119.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153858736%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Borjas&rft.aufirst=George+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briggs,_Vernon_M.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Briggs, Vernon M. (page does not exist)">Briggs, Vernon M.</a> Jr. <i>Immigration Policy and the America Labor Force.</i> Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801831687" title="Special:BookSources/0801831687">0801831687</a></li> <li>Briggs, Vernon M. Jr. <i>Mass Immigration and the National Interest</i> (1992) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1563241714" title="Special:BookSources/1563241714">1563241714</a></li> <li>Cafaro, Philip. <i>How Many Is Too Many? The Progressive Argument for Reducing Immigration into the United States</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226190655" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226190655">978-0226190655</a></li> <li>Cooper, Mark A. <i>Moving to the United States of America and Immigration.</i> 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0741446251" title="Special:BookSources/0741446251">0741446251</a></li> <li>Egendorf, Laura K., ed. <i>Illegal immigration : an opposing viewpoints guide</i> (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illegalimmigrati00laur">online</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fawcett,_James_T.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fawcett, James T. (page does not exist)">Fawcett, James T.</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_V._Carino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin V. Carino (page does not exist)">Benjamin V. Carino</a>. <i>Pacific Bridges: The New Immigration from Asia and the Pacific Islands</i>. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0934733104" title="Special:BookSources/0934733104">0934733104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foner,_Nancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Foner, Nancy">Foner, Nancy</a>. <i>In A New Land: A Comparative View Of Immigration</i> (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814727468" title="Special:BookSources/0814727468">0814727468</a></li> <li>Garland, Libby. <i>After They Closed the Gate: Jewish Illegal Immigration to the United States, 1921–1965.</i> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/022612259X" title="Special:BookSources/022612259X">022612259X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHidalgo2018" class="citation book cs1">Hidalgo, Javier (2018). "26. The Libertarian Case for Open Borders". In <a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan, Jason</a>; van der Vossen, Bas; <a href="/wiki/David_Schmidtz" title="David Schmidtz">Scmidtz, David</a> (eds.). <i>The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianism</i>. New York: Routledge. pp. 377–389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0367870591" title="Special:BookSources/978-0367870591"><bdi>978-0367870591</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/978902248">978902248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=26.+The+Libertarian+Case+for+Open+Borders&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=377-389&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F978902248&rft.isbn=978-0367870591&rft.aulast=Hidalgo&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Levinson_(anthropologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Levinson (anthropologist) (page does not exist)">Levinson, David</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Ember" title="Melvin Ember">Melvin Ember</a>, eds. <i>American Immigrant Cultures</i> 2 vol (1997). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0028972082" title="Special:BookSources/0028972082">0028972082</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowe,_Lisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowe, Lisa">Lowe, Lisa</a>. <i>Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics</i> (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822318644" title="Special:BookSources/0822318644">0822318644</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meier,_Matt_S.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meier, Matt S. (page does not exist)">Meier, Matt S.</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gutierrez,_Margo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gutierrez, Margo (page does not exist)">Gutierrez, Margo</a>, eds. <i>The Mexican American Experience : An Encyclopedia</i> (2003) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31643-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31643-0">0-313-31643-0</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohl,_Raymond_A.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohl, Raymond A. (page does not exist)">Mohl, Raymond A.</a> "Latinization in the Heart of Dixie: Hispanics in Late-twentieth-century Alabama" <i><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama Review">Alabama Review</a></i> 2002 55(4): 243–74. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0002-4341">0002-4341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portes,_Alejandro" class="mw-redirect" title="Portes, Alejandro">Portes, Alejandro</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Bach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert L. Bach (page does not exist)">Robert L. Bach</a>. <i>Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States.</i> Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520050044" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520050044">978-0520050044</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortesBöröcz1989" class="citation journal cs1">Portes, Alejandro; <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_B%C3%B6r%C3%B6cz" title="József Böröcz">Böröcz, József</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jborocz/apbjimr.pdf">"Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Migration Review</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 606–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2546431">10.2307/2546431</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2546431">2546431</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12282796">12282796</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216013343/http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jborocz/apbjimr.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=Contemporary+Immigration%3A+Theoretical+Perspectives+on+Its+Determinants+and+Modes+of+Incorporation&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=606-30&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12282796&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2546431%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2546431&rft.aulast=Portes&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft.au=B%C3%B6r%C3%B6cz%2C+J%C3%B3zsef&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rci.rutgers.edu%2F~jborocz%2Fapbjimr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Portes, Alejandro, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rub%C3%A9n_Rumbaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubén Rumbaut (page does not exist)">Rubén Rumbaut</a>. <i>Immigrant America.</i> Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520070380" title="Special:BookSources/0520070380">0520070380</a></li> <li>Reimers, David. <i>Still the Golden Door: The Third World Comes to America.</i> New York: Columbia University Press, (1985). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231057709" title="Special:BookSources/0231057709">0231057709</a></li> <li>Smith, James P., and Barry Edmonston, eds. <i>The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration</i> (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu">online version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320202045/https://www.nap.edu/">Archived</a> March 20, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Waters, Tony. <i>Crime and Immigrant Youth</i> Thousand Oaks: Sage 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0761916857" title="Special:BookSources/0761916857">0761916857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou,_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou, Min">Zhou, Min</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_L._Bankston_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl L. Bankston III">Carl L. Bankston III</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Growing_Up_American:_How_Vietnamese_Children_Adapt_to_Life_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States">Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States</a></i> Russell Sage Foundation. (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjas,_George_J." class="mw-redirect" title="Borjas, George J.">Borjas, George J.</a> <i>Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy</i>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999. xvii, 263 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-05966-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-05966-7">0-691-05966-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavez2013" class="citation book cs1">Chavez, Leo (April 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CTlKu6In3cC"><i>The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and the Nation</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8351-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8351-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-8351-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/846994039">846994039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latino+Threat%3A+Constructing+Immigrants%2C+Citizens%2C+and+the+Nation&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F846994039&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-8351-4&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CTlKu6In3cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lamm, Richard D., and Gary Imhoff. <i>The Immigration Time Bomb: the Fragmenting of America</i>, in series, <i>Truman Talley Books</i>. 1st ed. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1985. xiii, 271 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-525-24337-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-525-24337-2">0-525-24337-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Immigration to the United States</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Immigration+to+the+United+States">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Immigration+to+the+United+States&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Immigration_to_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikisource has several original texts related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Immigration_to_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Immigration_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Immigration in the United States">Immigration in the United States</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620035713/http://www.immigrantservants.com/">Immigrant Servants Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asian-nation.org/first.shtml">Asian-Nation: Early Asian Immigration to the U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050712080734/http://www.asian-nation.org/first.shtml">Archived</a> July 12, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/irish2.html">Irish Catholic Immigration to America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818003108/http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/immig/irish2.html">Archived</a> August 18, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/irish.html">Scotch-Irish Immigration to Colonial America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060208171250/http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/irish.html">Archived</a> February 8, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ggarchives.com/Immigration/">GG Archives Immigration Historical Documents, Articles, and Immigrants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227201331/https://www.ggarchives.com/Immigration/">Archived</a> December 27, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Maurer, Elizabeth. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423045554/http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/new-beginnings">New Beginnings: Immigrant Women and the American Experience</a>". National Women's History Museum. 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration_policy">Immigration policy</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/topic/immigration/">Immigration policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051621/https://www.brookings.edu/topic/immigration/">Archived</a> December 31, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> reports from the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urban.org/toolkit/issues/immigration.cfm/">Immigration policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403125420/http://urban.org/toolkit/issues/immigration.cfm">Archived</a> April 3, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> reports from the <a href="/wiki/Urban_Institute" title="Urban Institute">Urban Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R42866.pdf">Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180605215819/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R42866.pdf">Archived</a> June 5, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> (May 2018)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R45020.pdf">A Primer on U.S. Immigration Policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205194612/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R45020.pdf">Archived</a> December 5, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> (November 2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_immigration">Current immigration</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917122213/http://www.uscis.gov/">Archived</a> September 17, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ICE.gov">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110063037/http://www.ice.gov/">Archived</a> November 10, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/immigration.html">Cornell University's Legal Information Institute: Immigration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051102030052/http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/immigration.html">Archived</a> November 2, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/graphics/shared/statistics/yearbook/">Yearbook of Immigration Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060323011748/http://uscis.gov/graphics/shared/statistics/yearbook/">Archived</a> March 23, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Immigration_Statistics" title="Office of Immigration Statistics">Office of Immigration Statistics</a> 2004, 2005 editions available.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ILL_PE_2005.pdf">"Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2005"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611165430/https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ILL_PE_2005.pdf">Archived</a> June 11, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> M. Hoefer, N. Rytina, C. Campbell (2006) "Population Estimates (August). U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_impact_2">Economic impact</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramitzkyBoustan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Abramitzky, Ran; Boustan, Leah (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5794227">"Immigration in American Economic History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Literature" title="Journal of Economic Literature">Journal of Economic Literature</a></i>. <b>55</b> (4): 1311–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Fjel.20151189">10.1257/jel.20151189</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5794227">5794227</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29398723">29398723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&rft.atitle=Immigration+in+American+Economic+History&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1311-45&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5794227%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29398723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Fjel.20151189&rft.aulast=Abramitzky&rft.aufirst=Ran&rft.au=Boustan%2C+Leah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5794227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmigration+to+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Immigration to the United States</a> and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Relevant colonial era,<br />United States and<br />international laws</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_in_the_American_Colonies" title="Nationality law in the American Colonies">Nationality law in the American Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Act_1740" title="Plantation Act 1740">Plantation Act 1740</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act 1790</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795" title="Naturalization Act of 1795">1795</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1798" title="Naturalization Act of 1798">1798</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Law_of_1802" title="Naturalization Law of 1802">Naturalization Law 1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_Encourage_Immigration" title="An Act to Encourage Immigration">Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866" title="Civil Rights Act of 1866">Civil Rights Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment (1868)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1870" title="Naturalization Act of 1870">Naturalization Act 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Act_of_1875" title="Page Act of 1875">Page Act (1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1882" title="Immigration Act of 1882">Immigration Act of 1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion (1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Act_(1888)" title="Scott Act (1888)">Scott Act (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1891" title="Immigration Act of 1891">Immigration Act of 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_Act" title="Geary Act">Geary Act (1892)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1900–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1903" title="Immigration Act of 1903">Immigration Act 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1906" title="Naturalization Act of 1906">Naturalization Act 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Agreement_of_1907" title="Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907">Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1907" title="Immigration Act of 1907">Immigration Act 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Quota_Act" title="Emergency Quota Act">Emergency Quota Act (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Act" title="Cable Act">Cable Act (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie_Act" title="Tydings–McDuffie Act">Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Repatriation_Act" title="Filipino Repatriation Act">Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act of 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program (1942–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson_Act" title="Magnuson Act">Magnuson Act (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Brides_Act" title="War Brides Act">War Brides Act (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Fianc%C3%A9es_and_Fianc%C3%A9s_Act" title="Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act">Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act" title="Luce–Celler Act">Luce–Celler Act (1946)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1950–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">UN Refugee Convention (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act 1952</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_212(f)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 212(f)">Section 212(f)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_287(g)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g)">Section 287(g)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Act" title="Refugee Act">Refugee Act (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Fairness" title="Family Fairness">Family Fairness (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Homecoming_Act" title="American Homecoming Act">American Homecoming Act (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Technical_Corrections_Act_of_1994" title="Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994">Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_Immigration_Reform_and_Immigrant_Responsibility_Act_of_1996" title="Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Adjustment_and_Central_American_Relief_Act" title="Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act">Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_and_Workforce_Improvement_Act" title="American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act">American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act">American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Immigration_Family_Equity_Act" title="Legal Immigration Family Equity Act">Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-1B_Visa_Reform_Act_of_2004" title="H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004">H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ID_Act" title="Real ID Act">Real ID Act (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Fence_Act_of_2006" title="Secure Fence Act of 2006">Secure Fence Act (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">DACA (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans" title="Deferred Action for Parents of Americans">DAPA (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_The_United_States" title="Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States">Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeping_Families_Together_(United_States_immigration_policy)" title="Keeping Families Together (United States immigration policy)">Keeping Families Together (KFT) (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visas and policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">Permanent residence (Green card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Waiver_Program" title="Visa Waiver Program">Visa Waiver Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_protected_status" title="Temporary protected status">Temporary protected status (TPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_Immigrant_Visa" title="Diversity Immigrant Visa">Green Card Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Minors_Program" title="Central American Minors Program">Central American Minors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_authorization_document" title="Employment authorization document">Employment authorization document (EAD card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_action" title="Deferred action">Deferred action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parole_(United_States_immigration)" title="Parole (United States immigration)">Parole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjustment_of_status" title="Adjustment of status">Adjustment of status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-VISIT" class="mw-redirect" title="US-VISIT">US-VISIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Advisory_Opinion" title="Security Advisory Opinion">Security Advisory Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Verify" title="E-Verify">E-Verify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedited_removal" title="Expedited removal">Expedited removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration detention in the United States">Detention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Family immigration detention in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unaccompanied_Alien_Children" title="Unaccompanied Alien Children">Unaccompanied children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/BORTAC" title="BORTAC">BORTAC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_for_Immigration_Review" title="Executive Office for Immigration Review">Executive Office for Immigration Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Immigration_Appeals" title="Board of Immigration Appeals">Board of Immigration Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_immigration_and_naturalization_case_law" title="Category:United States immigration and naturalization case law">Supreme Court cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wong_Kim_Ark" title="United States v. Wong Kim Ark"><i>US v. Wong Kim Ark</i> (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozawa_v._United_States" title="Ozawa v. United States"><i>Ozawa v. US</i> (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind"><i>US v. Bhagat Singh Thind</i> (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce"><i>US v. Brignoni-Ponce</i> (1975)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zadvydas_v._Davis" title="Zadvydas v. Davis">Zadvydas v. Davis</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce_v._Whiting" title="Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting"><i>Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_v._Barr" title="Barton v. Barr"><i>Barton v. Barr</i> (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California"><i>DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.</i></a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Wolf_v._Vidal" title="Wolf v. Vidal">Wolf v. Vidal</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niz-Chavez_v._Garland" title="Niz-Chavez v. Garland"><i>Niz-Chavez v. Garland</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchez_v._Mayorkas" title="Sanchez v. Mayorkas"><i>Sanchez v. Mayorkas</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_v._Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Department of State v. Muñoz"><i>Department of State v. Muñoz</i> (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related issues<br />and events</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_immigration_reform_protests" title="2006 United States immigration reform protests">2006 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Texas" title="Brooks County, Texas">Brooks County, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_migrant_caravans" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Effects of immigration to the United States">Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">Eugenics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_worker_program" title="Guest worker program">Guest worker program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_smuggling" title="People smuggling">Human smuggling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coyotaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyotaje">Coyotaje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_deported_or_removed_from_the_United_States" title="List of people deported or removed from the United States">List of people deported from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">Mexico–United States border wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage#add_Labor_shortage" title="Shortage">Labor shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_America" title="March for America">March for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">Illegal immigrant population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_immigration_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse immigration in the United States">Reverse immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">Unaccompanied minors from Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol_interior_checkpoints" title="United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints">United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act (2001–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Protection,_Anti-terrorism_and_Illegal_Immigration_Control_Act_of_2005" title="Border Protection, Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005">H.R. 4437 (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_America_and_Orderly_Immigration_Act" title="Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act">McCain–Kennedy (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2006" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Through_Regularized_Immigration_and_a_Vibrant_Economy_Act_of_2007" title="Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007">STRIVE Act (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2007" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_American_Families_Act" title="Uniting American Families Act">Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013" title="Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013">Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_SAFE_Act_of_2015" title="American SAFE Act of 2015">SAFE Act (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE_Act" title="RAISE Act">RAISE Act (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Citizenship_Act_of_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="US Citizenship Act of 2021">US Citizenship Act of 2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigration stations<br />and points of entry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_Immigration_Station" title="Angel Island Immigration Station">Angel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Boston_Immigration_Station" title="East Boston Immigration Station">East Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa Port of Entry">Otay Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Sullivan's Island, South Carolina">Sullivan's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Avenue_Immigration_Station" title="Washington Avenue Immigration Station">Washington Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">"Wetback" (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Babylift" title="Operation Babylift">"Babylift" (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gatekeeper" title="Operation Gatekeeper">"Gatekeeper" (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Endgame" title="Operation Endgame">"Endgame" (2003–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Front_Line" title="Operation Front Line">"Front Line" (2004–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Streamline" title="Operation Streamline">"Streamline" (2005–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Return_to_Sender" title="Operation Return to Sender">"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start">"Jump Start" (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)">"Phalanx" (2010–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_DREAM_Act" title="California DREAM Act">California DREAM Act (2006–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona SB 1070 (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_HB_56" title="Alabama HB 56">Alabama HB 56 (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-governmental<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Border_Recon" title="Arizona Border Recon">Arizona Border Recon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coalition_for_Immigration_Reform" title="California Coalition for Immigration Reform">California Coalition for Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="CASA of Maryland">CASA of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">Center for Immigration Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Migration_Studies_of_New_York" title="Center for Migration Studies of New York">Center for Migration Studies of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Humane_Immigrant_Rights_of_Los_Angeles" title="Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles">Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform" title="Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform">Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Change" title="Community Change">Community Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">Federation for American Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improve_The_Dream" title="Improve The Dream">Improve The Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexica_Movement" title="Mexica Movement">Mexica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_Without_Borders" title="Mexicans Without Borders">Mexicans Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Civil_Defense_Corps" title="Minuteman Civil Defense Corps">Minuteman Civil Defense Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Project" title="Minuteman Project">Minuteman Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Forum" title="National Immigration Forum">National Immigration Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Korean_American_Service_%26_Education_Consortium" title="National Korean American Service & Education Consortium">National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_Population_Growth" title="Negative Population Growth">Negative Population Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_More_Deaths" title="No More Deaths">No More Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_State" title="Save Our State">Save Our State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Compact" title="Utah Compact">Utah Compact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borderland_(TV_series)" title="Borderland (TV series)">Borderland (TV series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missing_in_Brooks_County" title="Missing in Brooks County">Missing in Brooks County</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic history</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By economic<br />and social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Gender inequality in the United States">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Home-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Housing segregation in the United States">Housing segregation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Spoken_at_Home_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Spoken at Home in the United States of America">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States" title="LGBT demographics of the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">Racial inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_achievement_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial achievement gap in the United States">Racial achievement gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_pay_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial pay gap in the United States">Racial wage gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">Unemployment by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocultural_politics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocultural politics in the United States">Ethnocultural politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_the_United_States" title="Baháʼí Faith in the United States">Baha'is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_States" title="Ahmadiyya in the United States">Ahmadiyyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five Percenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nation_of_Islam" title="United Nation of Islam">Value Creators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in the United States">Neopagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Non-religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Rastafari movement in the United States">Rastafaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_United_States" title="Scientology in the United States">Scientologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">Zoroastrians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">By continent and<br />ethnic ancestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_in_the_Americas" title="African diaspora in the Americas">African diaspora in the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Afro-Caribbean/West Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Americans" title="Antiguan and Barbudan Americans">Antiguan and Barbudan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_Americans" title="Bahamian Americans">Bahamian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Americans" title="Barbadian Americans">Barbadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_Americans" title="Bermudian Americans">Bermudian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominica)" title="Dominican Americans (Dominica)">Dominican Americans (Dominica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indian_Americans" title="Dutch West Indian Americans">Dutch West Indian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Americans" title="Grenadian Americans">Grenadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittian_and_Nevisian_Americans" title="Kittian and Nevisian Americans">Kittian and Nevisian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Americans" title="Saint Lucian Americans">Saint Lucian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Virgin_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateside Virgin Islands Americans">Stateside Virgin Islands Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Americans" title="Vincentian Americans">Vincentian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">African immigrants to the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Central Africans in the United States">Central Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Americans" title="Cameroonian Americans">Cameroonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Americans" title="Congolese Americans">Congolese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Americans" title="Equatoguinean Americans">Equatoguinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Americans" title="Gabonese Americans">Gabonese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="East Africans in the United States">East Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Americans" title="Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Americans" title="Somali Americans">Somali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Americans" title="South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Americans" title="Sudanese Americans">Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Americans" title="Tanzanian Americans">Tanzanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Americans" title="Ugandan Americans">Ugandan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Southern Africans in the United States">Southern Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Americans" title="Angolan Americans">Angolan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_Americans" title="Malawian Americans">Malawian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Americans" title="South African Americans">South African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Americans" title="Zimbabwean Americans">Zimbabwean Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="West Africans in the United States">West Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_Americans" title="Beninese Americans">Beninese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Americans" title="Bissau-Guinean Americans">Bissau-Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Americans" title="Cape Verdean Americans">Cape Verdean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Americans" title="Gambian Americans">Gambian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Americans" title="Guinean Americans">Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_Americans" title="Ivorian Americans">Ivorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Americans" title="Liberian Americans">Liberian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Americans" title="Malian Americans">Malian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Americans" title="Senegalese Americans">Senegalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_Americans" title="Sierra Leonean Americans">Sierra Leonean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Americans" title="Togolese Americans">Togolese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Americans" title="Berber Americans">Berber Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Americans" title="Algerian Americans">Algerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Americans" title="Libyan Americans">Libyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan American">Moroccan American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Americans" title="Tunisian Americans">Tunisian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtun Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Americans" title="Kyrgyz Americans">Kyrgyz Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Americans">Turkmen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Americans" title="Hakka Americans">Hakka Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans" title="Hong Kong Americans">Hong Kong Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_Americans" title="Ryukyuan Americans">Ryukyuan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Americans" title="Burmese Americans">Burmese Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Americans" title="Karen Americans">Karen Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Americans" title="Indonesian Americans">Indonesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Americans" title="Singaporean Americans">Singaporean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Romani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Slovak_Gypsies_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States">Hungarian Slovak Gypsies</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">West Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Americans">Bahraini Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Americans" title="Emirati Americans">Emirati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Americans" title="Jordanian Americans">Jordanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Americans" title="Kuwaiti Americans">Kuwaiti Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Omani Americans">Omani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatari Americans">Qatari Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Americans" title="Saudi Americans">Saudi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Americans" title="Syrian Americans">Syrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Americans" title="Yemeni Americans">Yemeni Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Americans" title="Israeli Americans">Israeli Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_Americans" title="Lezgin Americans">Lezgin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">Kurdish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Americans" title="Luxembourgish Americans">Luxembourgish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Americans">Nordic and Scandinavian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Americans">Slovenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet" title="Piegan Blackfeet">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colville_people" title="Colville people">Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_people" title="Crow people">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma_people" title="Houma people">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_people" title="Cayuga people">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_people" title="Onondaga people">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Diegueño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esselen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Esselen people">Esselen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk" title="Kitanemuk">Kitanemuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Luiseño people">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwin" title="Patwin">Patwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomo people">Pomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinan people">Salinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisun_people" title="Suisun people">Suisunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohlone people">Ohlone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaswas" title="Awaswas">Awaswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalon_people" title="Chalon people">Chalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochenyo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chochenyo people">Chochenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkin_people" title="Karkin people">Karkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyen people">Tamyen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataviam" title="Tataviam">Tataviam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongva people">Tongva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappo" title="Wappo">Wappo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintun" title="Wintun">Wintun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokuts" title="Yokuts">Yokuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiute" title="Paiute">Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zia_people_(New_Mexico)" title="Zia people (New Mexico)">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_peoples" title="Salish peoples">Salish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakama_Indian_Reservation" title="Yakama Indian Reservation">Yakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Athabaskans" title="Alaskan Athabaskans">Alaskan Athabaskans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq" title="Alutiiq">Alutiiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwich'in">Gwich'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiat" title="Iñupiat">Iñupiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit" title="Tlingit">Tlingit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Americans" title="Canadian Americans">Canadian Americans</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> <ul><li>Central America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Americans" title="Belizean Americans">Belizean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Americans" title="Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Americans">Puerto Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Mexican_Americans" title="Indigenous Mexican Americans">Indigenous Mexican Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_Americans" title="Oceanian Americans">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_Americans" title="Fijian Americans">Fijian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesian_Americans" title="French Polynesian Americans">French Polynesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_Americans" title="Marshallese Americans">Marshallese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_Americans" title="Micronesian Americans">Micronesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_Americans" title="Palauan Americans">Palauan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans">Samoan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Americans of Euro Oceanic origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Americans" title="Australian Americans">Australian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Americans" title="New Zealand Americans">New Zealand Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Americans" title="Argentine Americans">Argentine Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazilian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Americans" title="Chilean Americans">Chilean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Americans" title="Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Americans" title="Surinamese Americans">Surinamese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Americans" title="Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians#United_States" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerasian" title="Amerasian">Amerasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapa" title="Hapa">Hapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto#United_States" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People of the United States / Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American ancestry">Native American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_American_ancestries" class="mw-redirect" title="Maps of American ancestries">Maps of American ancestries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Race and ethnicity in the census</a></li></ul></li> <li>Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_(EEO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity (EEO)">Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_policy_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_policy" title="Template:United States policy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_policy" title="Template talk:United States policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States policy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_policy_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Arctic policy of the United States">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Cultural policy of the United States">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_drug_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Federal drug policy of the United States">Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Education policy of the United States">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Fireworks policy of the United States">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Fiscal policy of the United States">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Telecommunications policy of the United States">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Vaccination policy of the United States">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_domestic_policy" title="Category:United States domestic policy">Domestic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_Deal" title="Square Deal">Square Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom">New Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Deal" title="Fair Deal">Fair Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontier" title="New Frontier">New Frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a>/<a href="/wiki/War_on_poverty" title="War on poverty">War on Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump##Energy" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_economic_policy" title="Category:United States economic policy">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">Monetary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monetary_policy_in_the_United_States" title="History of monetary policy in the United States">history</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_Presidency" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixonomics" title="Nixonomics">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Economic policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Trump</a> (1st)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Hydropower policy of the United States">Hydropower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear energy policy of the United States">Nuclear energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_radioactive_waste_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Low-level radioactive waste policy of the United States">Low-level radioactive waste</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Smart grid policy of the United States">Smart grid</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_Presidency" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Energy" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy of the United States">Environmental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solid_waste_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Solid waste policy of the United States">Solid waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Climate change policy of the United States">Climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Climate change policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_Presidency" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Trump</a> (1st)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">Foreign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_States_foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of United States foreign policy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_United_States_foreign_policy" title="Criticism of United States foreign policy">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_Presidency" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Theodore Roosevelt administration">T. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Foreign policy of Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">F. D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Harry S. Truman administration">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_administration" title="Foreign policy of the John F. Kennedy administration">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">L. B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Gerald_Ford_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Gerald Ford administration">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration">G. H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Trump</a> (1st)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Gun control policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Clinton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Immigration policy of the United States">Immigration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_immigration_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Same-sex immigration policy of the United States">Same-sex immigration</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_Presidency" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Infrastructure policy of the United States">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrastructure policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Indian_Policy" title="Federal Indian Policy">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_policy_of_the_Ulysses_S._Grant_administration" title="Native American policy of the Ulysses S. Grant administration">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Native American policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Native American policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Science policy of the United States">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Genetic policy of the United States">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_laws_and_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Stem cell laws and policy in the United States">Stem cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social policy of the United States">Social</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Space</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to North America">Immigration to North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Barbados" title="Immigration to Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Costa_Rica" title="Immigration to Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Guatemala" title="Immigration to Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Haiti (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Jamaica" title="Immigration to Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Mexico" title="Immigration to Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Nicaragua" title="Immigration to Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Immigration to the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Argentina" title="Immigration to Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Barbados" title="Immigration to Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Bolivia" title="Immigration to Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil" title="Immigration to Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Colombia" title="Immigration to Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Costa_Rica" title="Immigration to Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Guatemala" title="Immigration to Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Haiti (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Jamaica" title="Immigration to Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Mexico" title="Immigration to Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Nicaragua" title="Immigration to Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Immigration to Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Peru" title="Immigration to Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Suriname (page does not exist)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Uruguay" title="Immigration to Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Venezuela" title="Immigration to Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to North America">North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_Caribbean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to the Caribbean (page does not exist)">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to South America (page does not exist)">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309633#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85140040">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12005829k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12005829k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563467505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6df7948d6c‐djsn5 Cached time: 20241127151649 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 4.665 seconds Real time usage: 5.249 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 58577/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1397399/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 145575/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 56/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1406736/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 2.283/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14002178/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 420 ms 17.2% dataWrapper <mw.lua:672> 320 ms 13.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 200 ms 8.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub 180 ms 7.4% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 120 ms 4.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode 80 ms 3.3% <mw.lua:694> 80 ms 3.3% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 80 ms 3.3% (for generator) 80 ms 3.3% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments 60 ms 2.5% [others] 820 ms 33.6% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 4109.382 1 -total 40.46% 1662.747 5 Template:Reflist 13.45% 552.840 119 Template:Cite_web 11.30% 464.331 85 Template:Cite_journal 9.01% 370.112 417 Template:Nts 5.28% 216.797 371 Template:Efn 5.00% 205.437 4 Template:Sfn 4.78% 196.274 53 Template:ISBN 3.86% 158.545 38 Template:Cite_news 3.31% 136.132 4 Template:Multiref2 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:15051-0!canonical and timestamp 20241127151649 and revision id 1256042969. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&oldid=1256042969">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&oldid=1256042969</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Category:Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Culture of the United States">Culture of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Demographics of the United States">Demographics of the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Graph_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Graph extension">Pages using the Graph extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_disabled_graphs" title="Category:Pages with disabled graphs">Pages with disabled graphs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2017">Articles with dead external links from July 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2015" title="Category:Use American English from March 2015">Use American English from March 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2021">Use mdy dates from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_April_2010" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2010">Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from July 2021">Articles that may contain original research from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2018" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_lists_with_data_missing" title="Category:All articles with lists with data missing">All articles with lists with data missing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Data_missing_from_November_2023" title="Category:Data missing from November 2023">Data missing from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_July_2021" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from July 2021">Vague or ambiguous time from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2010" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2023">Articles to be expanded from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 22:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_the_United_States&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-zgxp8","wgBackendResponseTime":160,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.665","walltime":"5.249","ppvisitednodes":{"value":58577,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1397399,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":145575,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":56,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1406736,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4109.382 1 -total"," 40.46% 1662.747 5 Template:Reflist"," 13.45% 552.840 119 Template:Cite_web"," 11.30% 464.331 85 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.01% 370.112 417 Template:Nts"," 5.28% 216.797 371 Template:Efn"," 5.00% 205.437 4 Template:Sfn"," 4.78% 196.274 53 Template:ISBN"," 3.86% 158.545 38 Template:Cite_news"," 3.31% 136.132 4 Template:Multiref2"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.283","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14002178,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbramitzkyBoustan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbramsBertrandMullainathan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdelmanReidMarkleWeiss2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAiyar2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkcigitGrigsbyNicholas2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlesinaHarnossRapoport2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Council_of_Learned_Societies._Committee_on_Linguistic_and_National_Stocks_in_the_Population_of_the_United_States1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnwarBayerHjalmarsson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArchibold,_Randal_C.2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArmenta2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarkan,_Elliott_Robert2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBattistiFelbermayrPeriPoutvaara2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaugh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaman1924\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBersani2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBetts2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBevelanderMalmö2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBodvarssonVan_den_Berg2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoorstein2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorjas2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorjas2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoveElia2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoveElia2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowmanO\u0026#039;NeilSims\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButcherPiehl1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButcherPiehl2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCard1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCard2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCard2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChalfin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChassamboulliPeri2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChavez2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohn2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColbyOrtman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollomp1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConstant2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooperCoxLieneschJones2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordes2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCutlerGlaeserVigdor2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaudistelHoschHolmesGraves1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaviesFagan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisSengupta2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDepewErenMocan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoleac2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonohue_IIILevitt2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDustmannGlitzFrattini2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEspenshadeRadford2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvansFitzgerald2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFacchiniMaydaMishra2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFacchiniSteinhardt2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFairlieLofstrom2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerraro2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlorence_JaumotteKsenia_KoloskovaSweta_Saxena2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFogedPeri2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFonerFredrickson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFung2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFurlanettoRobstad2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGania2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibsonJung2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGomez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGonzales2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraifSampson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGramlich2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenGreen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunadi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrisFeldmeyer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartmann2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHele2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHidalgo2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHookSnyder2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImmigrationStatisticsEducationSciences2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJens_Manuel_Krogstad2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJynnah_RadfordAbby_Budiman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKandelWilsonDonovan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKate_M._Manuel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerrKerr2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKerrKerr2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristin_F._ButcherAnne_Morrison_Piehl1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazonick2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeMartinezRosenfeld2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonhardt2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitz2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieberson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLightUlmer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLonghiNijkampPoot2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLonghiNijkampPoot2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonaldHippGill2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinezLeeNielsen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinezStowellIwama2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassey2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilkmanAkinolaChugh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMossaad\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMotomura2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMustard2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNavarro2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewportWilke2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOfari2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOkkerse2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOndrichRossYinger2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOttavianoPeri2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOttavianoPeri2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOuseyKubrin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOuseyKubrin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPage2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalivos2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParedes2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPassel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeri2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_S._Canellos2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPia_m._OrreniusZavodny2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPortesBöröcz1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreston2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQianNunnSequeira2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQiu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinones2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRainieBrown2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRansomWinters2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReidWeissAdelmanJaret2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiachRich2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiemer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiffkin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRossiter1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuben_Navarrette_Jr.2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRupp2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaad2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSampson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchultz2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeller1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShah2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearDavis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpenkuch2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStansfield2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStimpsonWilsonEschbach2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStowellMessnerMcgeeverRaffalovich2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeixeira2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompsonWhelpton1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVillarrealTamborini2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWadsworth2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarrenTomaskovic-Devey2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWedin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWill2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolffBaglivioIntraviaPiquero2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWu2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXuGarandZhu2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYork2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZschirntRuedin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFin_Current_Affairs,_Film2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 2,\n [\"Americas topic\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 85,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 119,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Data missing\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 161,\n [\"Demographics of the United States\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 371,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 18,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 17,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"GraphChart\"] = 1,\n [\"Growth\"] = 8,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 53,\n [\"ISSN\"] = 1,\n [\"Immigration to the United States\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 384,\n [\"Legend\"] = 14,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiref2\"] = 4,\n [\"Mw-datatable\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"North America topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 3,\n [\"Nts\"] = 417,\n [\"Original research inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Quantify\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 2,\n [\"Section link\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 4,\n [\"Sort\"] = 3,\n [\"Srn\"] = 1,\n [\"US citizenship and immigration\"] = 1,\n [\"United States policy\"] = 1,\n [\"United States topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 67,\n [\"When\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource category\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","420","17.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","320","13.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","200","8.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","7.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","80","3.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","3.3"],["(for generator)","80","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","2.5"],["[others]","820","33.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-djsn5","timestamp":"20241127151649","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Immigration to the United States","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immigration_to_the_United_States","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1309633","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1309633","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-25T08:48:14Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T22:52:41Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2a\/USANewImmigrantGuide.jpg","headline":"overview of immigration to the United States"}</script> </body> </html>