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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-使用人群" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使用人群"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>使用人群</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使用人群-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-使用地域与方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使用地域与方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>使用地域与方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使用地域与方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>音系</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-音系-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关音系子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-音系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-辅音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#辅音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>辅音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-辅音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-声调" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#声调"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>声调</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-声调-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词汇来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词汇来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>词汇来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词汇来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>语法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字与现状" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字与现状"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>文字与现状</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字与现状-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考资料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">拉珈语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。11种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakkia_language" title="Lakkia language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lakkia language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakkja" title="Lakkja – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lakkja" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lakkia" title="Lingua lakkia – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua lakkia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakkia_jezik" title="Lakkia jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lakkia jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Lakkia" title="Bahasa Lakkia – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Lakkia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="ラギャ語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラギャ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BD%EA%B0%B8%EC%96%B4" title="락갸어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="락갸어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_lakkja" title="Lenga lakkja – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga lakkja" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8F_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Лаккья (язык) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаккья (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilakkia" title="Kilakkia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kilakkia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakkia%E8%A9%B1" title="Lakkia話 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Lakkia話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3027879#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" 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class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lavender;">拉珈语</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lak<sup>12</sup> kja<sup>24</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="广西壮族自治区">广西壮族自治区</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%A7%80%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="金秀瑶族自治县">金秀瑶族自治县</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">族群</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6" title="茶山瑶">茶山瑶</a>（拉珈人）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7000 （2011年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="壮侗语系">壮侗语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="壮侗语系">壮侗语系</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="拉珈语支">拉珈语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>拉珈语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lavender;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lbc" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lbc">lbc</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lakk1238">lakk1238</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE" title="瀕危語言項目">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1434">Lakkia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lavender;;">瀕危程度</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">联合国教科文组织</a>认定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="color:gold;"><b>危险</b></span>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO</a>）<div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png/288px-UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png" decoding="async" width="288" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png/432px-UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png/576px-UNESCO_AWLD_DE_CHS.png 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right" style="width:22em;font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/IPA_134.svg/50px-IPA_134.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/IPA_134.svg/75px-IPA_134.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/IPA_134.svg/100px-IPA_134.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>本页面有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a>符号</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>須<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99#國際音標字體" title="國際音標">支持特殊字母与符号</a>才能正確显示为正确的IPA符号，否则可能變成<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</div></div> </div> <p><b>拉珈语（拉珈語：lakja）</b>是使用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="广西壮族自治区">广西壮族自治区</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%A7%80%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="金秀瑶族自治县">金秀瑶族自治县</a>大瑶山地区的一种<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%97%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="侗台語">侗台语族</a>语言，为大部分<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6" title="茶山瑶">茶山瑶</a>的母语。该语言为一门<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a>，2000年仅有数千名使用者。 </p><p>拉珈语的系属存在争议，有人认为其属于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%97%E6%B0%B4%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侗水语支">侗水语支</a>；有人则认为拉珈语应属于一个独立语支“拉珈语支”，这个语支下仅有拉珈语一门语言<sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="使用人群"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E4.BA.BA.E7.BE.A4"></span>使用人群</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：使用人群"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6" title="茶山瑶">茶山瑶</a></div> <p>拉珈语是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6" title="茶山瑶">茶山瑶</a>的母语<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，“拉珈”（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lak<sup>12</sup> kja<sup>24</sup></span>）是茶山瑶的自称，即“山人”的意思<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据《拉珈语研究》统计，2000年，茶山瑶人口为8600人，其中能够不同程度的掌握拉珈语的茶山瑶共有7000人，占茶山瑶总人口80%左右。 </p><p>茶山瑶是瑶族中较为特殊的一支。其他瑶族族群的母语往往为苗瑶语系的语言如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="勉语">勉语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="布努语">布努语</a>等，只有茶山瑶的母语为侗台语族的拉珈语，而这种语言与侗语更为接近。茶山瑶更可能起源于<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A" title="百越">百越</a>，与其他瑶族拥有不同的族源，但在风俗、服饰、文化上则与同样居住在大瑶山的其他瑶族差异不大<sup id="cite_ref-族源_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-族源-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>茶山瑶长期与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a>、其他瑶族支系等民族混居，因而现代大多数茶山瑶能够掌握当地通行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9F%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="桂柳话">桂柳话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平南白话（页面不存在）">平南白话</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙山土话（页面不存在）">蒙山土话</a>等汉语方言<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，也有少数人能掌握<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="壮语">北部壮语</a>等其他少数民族语言。由于语言差异极大，茶山瑶与其他瑶族支系往往使用桂柳话沟通。在金秀镇，拉珈语为家庭语言，在一些村庄，拉珈语也用作本族、本村内的交际语言<sup id="cite_ref-研究3-5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-研究3-5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="使用地域与方言"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E5.9C.B0.E5.9F.9F.E4.B8.8E.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>使用地域与方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：使用地域与方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拉珈语使用于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县大瑶山地区的29个村落<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这些村落均为茶山瑶聚居村<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%A7%80%E9%95%87" title="金秀镇">金秀镇</a>：金秀村，白沙村，六拉村，昔地村，长滩村，长二村，寨保村，杨柳村，六段村，将军村，三片村，田村，刘村，社村，孟村，美村，金村，金田村，罗梦村； </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9E%8C%E4%B9%A1" title="长垌乡">长垌乡</a>：长洞村，古放村，平道村，道江村，滴水村，容洞； </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E4%B9%A1_(%E9%87%91%E7%A7%80%E5%8E%BF)" title="三角乡 (金秀县)">三角乡</a>：六定村； </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E8%89%AF%E4%B9%A1" title="忠良乡">忠良乡</a>：岭祖村，巴勒村； </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A6%99%E4%B9%A1" title="罗香乡">罗香乡</a>：平竹村。 </p><p>拉珈语有金田、六拉、金秀、岭祖、长峒五个方言区，其中金田话为最不保守的方言<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。内部差异较小，各地仅在个别声韵母和声调上略有不同，不同土语间可以自由沟通<sup id="cite_ref-dialect_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialect-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialect2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialect2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音系"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>音系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：音系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拉珈语音节结构与其他侗台语基本相同，音节由声母、韵母和声调三部分组成，组成音节时有一定的声韵配合关系。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="辅音"><span id=".E8.BE.85.E9.9F.B3"></span>辅音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：辅音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拉珈语有四十余个单辅音，塞音、塞擦音有<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%94%E5%AF%B9%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="送气对立">送气对立</a>，鼻音、边音有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清浊对立</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。辅音多作声母，少数亦可作韵尾。 </p><p>拉珈语不同方言点声母数不同，其中金秀话共有43个声母。拉珈语也是侗水语支唯一一门仍有复辅音声母的语言<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>拉珈语各方言中出现的单辅音如下表<sup id="cite_ref-研究6-9页_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-研究6-9页-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="双唇音">双唇音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="唇齿音">唇齿音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%96%E9%9F%B3" title="舌尖音">舌尖音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E5%86%A0%E9%9F%B3" title="舌冠音">舌冠音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E9%A1%8E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="硬顎音">硬顎音</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E6%A0%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="舌根音">舌根音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門音">聲門音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small>颚化</small> </th> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small>唇化</small> </th> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small>唇化</small> </th> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8E%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="顎音化">颚化</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇化</a></small> </th> <th><small>颚化唇化</small> </th> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small>唇化</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <th><small>清不送气</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FAFAD2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞音">t</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="pink"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʷ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭塞音">k</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FAFAD2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʷ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʲʷ</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門塞音">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>清送气</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰ</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FAFAD2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰ</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FAFAD2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰʷ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>浊音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>ʔ</sup>b</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FAFAD2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>ʔ</sup>bʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a> </th> <th><small>清不送气</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音">ʦ</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="pink"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦʷ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>清送气</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦʰ</span> </td> <td bgcolor="pink"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦʰʷ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻音 (語言)"><b>鼻音</b></a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音"><b>浊音</b></a></small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FAFAD2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭鼻音">ȵ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="軟腭鼻音">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʷ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>清音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="清双唇鼻音">m̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="清齿龈鼻音">n̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ȵ̥</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="清软腭鼻音">ŋ̥</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ̥ʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ̥ʷ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">边音</a> </th> <th><small>浊音</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈边近音">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>清音</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="清齿龈边近音">l̥</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="近音">近音</a> </th> <th><small>浊音</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭近音">j</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">jʷ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="濁圓唇軟腭近音">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <th><small>清音</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#FAFAD2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音">f</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="pink"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">sʷ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清声门擦音">h</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hʷ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>浊音</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁聲門擦音">ɦ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>图中粉红色背景的唇化舌尖音声母<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʷ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦʷ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦʰʷ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">sʷ</span>仅仅出现于汉语借词中。</li> <li>图中黄色背景（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʔbʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">f</span>）为仅出现于部分方言中的声母。多数拉珈语方言如金秀话中有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>ʔ</sup>bl</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pl</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰl</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ml</span>四个<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="复辅音">复辅音</a>，而部分地区这一组复辅音中的一个或多个消失转化为相应的腭化音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʔbʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mʲ</span>。岭祖土语区还有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kl</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰl</span>等复辅音，而其他方言区则为相对应的颚化音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰʲ</span>。<sup id="cite_ref-dialect_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialect-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。金田话无声母<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">f</span>，金秀话中的声母<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">f</span>在金田话中均读<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">s</span><sup id="cite_ref-研究6-9页_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-研究6-9页-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>p、t、k、m、n、g六个辅音既可以做声母，也可以做韵尾。-p、-t、-k三个塞音韵尾在单念时都不是唯闭音，甚至还带有轻微送气成分，在语流中则为<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E9%96%89%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="唯閉音">唯闭音</a>。</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音">ʦ</a></span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦʰ</span>近似于舌叶音，而s则近似于<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒擦音">θ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁聲門擦音">ɦ</a></span>应为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清声门擦音">h</a></span>的同位异音，只存在于双数调中，如<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɦan<sup>˨˧˩</sup></span>（那）<sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </th> <th colspan="6">舌面元音 </th> <th>舌尖元音 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><small>前不圆</small> </th> <th><small>前圆</small> </th> <th><small>央不圆</small> </th> <th colspan="2"><small>后圆</small> </th> <th rowspan="2"><small>前不圆</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="鼻化元音">鼻化</a> </small></th> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small>本位</small> </th> <th><small>鼻化</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉元音">高元音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="短元音"><small>短音</small></a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ĩ</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccdd"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前圓唇元音">y</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉後圓唇元音">u</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ũ</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccdd"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%C9%BF" title="ɿ">ɿ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>长音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">iː</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ĩː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">uː</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ũː</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉元音">半高元音</a> </th> <th><small>短音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ẽ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉後圓唇元音">o</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">õ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>长音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">eː</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ẽː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">oː</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">õː</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中元音">中元音</a> </th> <th><small>短音</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccdd"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中央元音">ə</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-ə_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ə-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開元音">半低元音</a> </th> <th><small>短音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開前不圓唇元音">ɛ</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɛ̃</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開後圓唇元音">ɔ</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɔ̃</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>长音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɛː</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɛ̃ː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɔː</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɔ̃ː</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開元音">低元音</a> </th> <th><small>短音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ã</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>长音</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">aː</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ãː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>拉珈语元音系统复杂，大部分元音都有长短音之分<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和其鼻化形式。此外，拉珈语中还有音节化的辅音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ̩</span>，可视为元音<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>拉珈语的韵母更为复杂，有单元音韵、多元音韵，有元音韵尾<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-i</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-u</span>，鼻音韵尾<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-m</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-n</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-ŋ</span>和塞音韵尾<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-p</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-t</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-k</span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，韵母共计140个左右。除借词专韵外，单元音韵皆为长音。而[y]、[ə]、[ɿ]三个单韵母以及[ən]、[øn]两个鼻韵母为从现代汉语中引入的、仅出现在汉语借词中的借词专韵<sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ə_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ə-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这些借词专韵的读音还不太稳定<sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="声调"><span id=".E5.A3.B0.E8.B0.83"></span>声调</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：声调"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拉珈语具有复杂的声调系统。和其他的苗瑶语一样，拉珈语有共8个调类，其中入声又分成四个调值。不考虑变调共有11个声调。其中7个<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" title="舒声韵">舒声调</a>、4个<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入聲">入声</a>调，第5'调是新演化出的，专仅用于汉语借词中的声调<sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>拉珈语金秀话的声调如下<sup id="cite_ref-韵母_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韵母-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>调类 </th> <th><big>1</big> </th> <th><big>2</big> </th> <th><big>3</big> </th> <th><big>4</big> </th> <th><big>5</big> </th> <th><big>5'</big> </th> <th><big>6</big> </th> <th><big>7</big> </th> <th><big>8</big> </th> <th><big>9</big> </th> <th><big>10</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>调值<br />调型</b></small> </td> <td>52 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˨</span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>高降舒</small> </td> <td>231 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˧˩</span><br /><small>升降舒</small> </td> <td>24 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˦</span><br /><small>中升舒</small> </td> <td>21 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˩</span><sup id="cite_ref-比较_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>低降舒</small> </td> <td>55 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˥</span><br /><small>高平舒</small> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccCB">33 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˧˧</span><br /><small>中平舒</small> </td> <td>214 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˩˦</span><br /><small>降升舒</small> </td> <td>55 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˥</span><br /><small>高平入</small> </td> <td>24 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˦</span><br /><small>中升入</small> </td> <td>12 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˩˨</span><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>低升入</small> </td> <td>21 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˩</span><sup id="cite_ref-比较_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>低降入</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><small><b>例词</b></small> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʷan</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˨</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʷa</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˧˩</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋĩ</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˦</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋo</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˩</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʷan</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˥</span></sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccCB"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰɔ<sup>˧</sup>la<sup>˧</sup>kʲi<sup>˧</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʷaŋ</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˩˦</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">sɛk</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˥</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">paːt</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˦</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʷak</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˩˨</span></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ȵɛːk</span><sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˨˩</span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>瘟疫，虱子</small> </td> <td><small>舌头</small> </td> <td><small>擤</small> </td> <td><small>五</small> </td> <td><small>熏蚊子</small> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccCB"><small>拖拉机</small> </td> <td><small>困</small> </td> <td><small>室</small> </td> <td><small>八</small> </td> <td><small>软</small> </td> <td><small>虚弱</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>官话方言<br />借词调类</b></small><sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><small>上声</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>阴平<br />去声</small> </td> <td><small>阳平<br />入声</small> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccCB"><small>阴平</small> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>第5调同普通话阴平调调值一致。第6调类似于普通话上声。但在单念时往往会在声调转折中喉头紧缩从而使一个音节听起来像两个音节<sup id="cite_ref-韵母_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韵母-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>各方言中调值略有区别，如金田村和长垌村的第2调调值则为51<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词汇来源"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>词汇来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：词汇来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拉珈语的词汇构成十分复杂。拉珈语有一部分固有词以及大量的借词。拉珈语与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="壯泰語支">壮泰语支</a>、侗水语支都有大量的同源词，与<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="黎语支">黎语支</a>则较少。拉珈语还有很多不见于其他语言的特有词汇。<sup id="cite_ref-比较_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-比较-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>拉珈语的借词来源更为复杂。拉珈语有一部分来自壮语的借词，以及更多的来自汉语的借词。拉珈语中有不同时代不同汉语的借词。现代的拉珈语借词多来自西南官话桂柳片的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E7%A7%80%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金秀话（页面不存在）">金秀话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%9D" title="桂林话">桂林话</a>甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="普通话">普通话</a>；近代借词来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>广府片和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BE%E6%BC%8F%E7%89%87%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="勾漏片粤语">勾漏片</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%8C%97%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="桂北平话">桂北平话</a>；古代借词来自某种未知的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a>南方方言，这一批次的借词已经成为拉珈语的基本词汇<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。拉珈语还从上古汉语借入了一些词汇，如<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kjak<sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">55</span></sup></span>（上古汉语：<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%AB" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:斫">斫</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟云</a>拟音：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">*kljag</span>）等，但这一层次的借词有争议。有些主张<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%97%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="侗台語">侗台语族</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a>同源的学者认为，这些词汇中有一些很可能是拉珈语等侗台语言与汉藏语言的同源词汇而非借词<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>Norquest (2021)提供的部分标-拉珈语词汇：<sup id="cite_ref-WOL-MSEA-13_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOL-MSEA-13-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:225–246</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>词义</th> <th>原始标-拉珈语</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BE%97%E6%B0%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="原始侗水语">原始侗水语</a></th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始侗语（页面不存在）">原始侗语</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="原始黎语">原始黎语</a></th> <th>原始<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E9%AB%98%E8%AA%9E" title="臨高語">临高语</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E" title="原始台語">原始台语</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>屋</td> <td>*ljaːk</td> <td>*r̥aːn</td> <td>*qran</td> <td>*hrɯːn</td> <td>*raːn</td> <td>*rɤːn </td></tr> <tr> <td>路</td> <td>*tsaːŋ</td> <td>*qʰwən</td> <td>*qron</td> <td>*kuːn</td> <td>*ʃwən</td> <td>*r̥wɤn </td></tr> <tr> <td>重</td> <td>*N-tsak</td> <td>*C-dʑan</td> <td>*qχəl</td> <td>*kʰɯn</td> <td>*xən</td> <td>*n̥ak </td></tr> <tr> <td>腿</td> <td>*puk</td> <td>*p-qaː</td> <td>*C-qaː</td> <td>*kʰok</td> <td>*kok</td> <td>*f-qaː </td></tr> <tr> <td>脖</td> <td>*ʔən</td> <td>*ʔdənʔ</td> <td>*C-joː</td> <td>*hljoŋʔ</td> <td>*liəŋX</td> <td>*ɣoː </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语法"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"></span>语法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：语法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>和其他侗台语以及汉语一样，拉珈语是一种典型的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语">分析语</a>。拉珈语有13个词类，9个<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%8D" title="实词">实词</a>词类，4个<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D" title="虚词">虚词</a>词类。其偏正式词语往往中心词在前而修饰语在后，这点与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="壮语">壮语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>类似。如拉珈语说水牛为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nau<sup>˨˩</sup> suːi<sup>˨˦</sup></span>（牛水）；指示代词被放置在后面，如拉珈语说这本书为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pon<sup>˨˦</sup> sɛu<sup>˥˨</sup> ni<sup>˨˧˩</sup></span>（本书这）。其余汉语中所拥有的语法现象，拉珈语中大都也有，且与汉语差异不大<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>例句：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81921555">.mw-parser-output ruby>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby>rtc{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger{font-size:300%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rtc{font-size:.3em}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rtc{font-size:.25em}</style><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">jin<sup>˥˨</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>因</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">wei<sup>˧˧</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>为</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦaːŋ<sup>˥˨</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>路</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">jɛːp<sup>˨˩</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>窄</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb>,</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>，</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">sɔ<sup>˥˨</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>所</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʔi<sup>˥˨</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>以</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʦʰe<sup>˥˨</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>车</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ̩<sup>˨˦</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>不</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">te<sup>˧˧</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>过</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">li<sup>˨˦</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>得</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pai<sup>˥˨</sup></span></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>去</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb>.</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>。</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>（因为路窄，所以车子过不去。）<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字与现状"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E4.B8.8E.E7.8E.B0.E7.8A.B6"></span>文字与现状</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：文字与现状"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拉珈语至今没有文字，拉珈人使用汉语<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>作为书面交际语言。“石牌”等文献上偶尔以表音的方式记录了个别拉珈语词汇，如“俄料”（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋo<sup>21</sup> lieːu<sup>214</sup></span>，法规）、“三多”（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">faːm<sup>52</sup> to<sup>52</sup></span>，法律）<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；在道教宗教仪式中则会用拉珈语发音来学习和朗读汉字<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>如今拉珈语使用人口正在减少且年龄正在增大，许多年轻人不再掌握拉珈语，当地学校亦未开设拉珈语言课程。据《拉珈语研究》统计，2000年的7000个拉珈语使用者中，多数为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="多语制">双语、多语者</a>，其中仅3000余人仍在一定范围内将拉珈语作为族内交际语言，其余使用者使用拉珈语多仅限于家庭内部。另一方面，拉珈语本身正逐渐受到汉语影响或侵蚀，有些地区的基本词汇都已被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>词汇所替代，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">语序</a>也逐渐向汉语靠近<sup id="cite_ref-研究3-5_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-研究3-5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">联合国教科文组织</a>认定拉珈语为一门濒临危险的语言<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">同属侗水语支的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%AF%E5%83%99%E8%AF%AD" title="佯僙语">佯僙语</a>卡蒲话曾有复辅音声母pr-，作为残存音素存在，该声母仅有一个词“prin<sup>2</sup>”（钱），目前已经多读作“pin<sup>2</sup>”（《侗台语概论》108页）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《瑶族拉伽语与壮侗语族语言的比较》认为这一组应为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">c</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">cʰ</span>等。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《侗台语研究》认为此音应为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%82%8A%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦邊擦音">ɬ</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ə-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ə_19-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ə_19-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《侗台语概论》认为拉珈语中原本就有[ə]且其有长短音形式，但单独的[ə]做借词专韵（《侗台语研究》147页）。《拉珈语研究》认为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ə]</span>在拉珈语中仅能做单韵母且只有短音，仅做借词专韵。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《侗台语研究》认为此调值应为51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-比较-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-比较_24-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_24-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《侗台语研究》认为此调值应该为11。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《侗台语研究》认为此调值应为24。</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lakk1238">Lakkia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Lakkia&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Flakk1238&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">UNESCO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-比较-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-4"><sup><b>3.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-5"><sup><b>3.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-6"><sup><b>3.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-比较_3-7"><sup><b>3.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">张均如. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=mzyw199006006&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">瑶族拉珈语与壮侗语族语言的比较</a>. 民族语文,. 1990, (6): 38-49 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726201809/http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=mzyw199006006&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">存档</a>于2018-07-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%8E%E5%A3%AE%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E5%9D%87%E5%A6%82&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%2C&rft.pages=38-49&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Dmzyw199006006%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lbc">Lakkia（拉珈语）</a>. Ethnologue（民族语）. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084657/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lbc">存档</a>于2018-03-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Lakkia%EF%BC%88%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Flbc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theraphan_Luangthongkum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theraphan Luangthongkum（页面不存在）">Theraphan L.-Thongkum</a>. 1992. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/theraphan1992preliminary.pdf">A Preliminary Reconstruction of Proto-Lakkja (Cha Shan Yao)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110928195712/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/theraphan1992preliminary.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）." In The Mon–Khmer Studies Journal, 20: 57-90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-族源-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-族源_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">刁光全. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=mzya201303019&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">茶山瑶族源、迁徙与继承</a>. 广西民族研究. 2013, (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180728015006/http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=mzya201303019&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">存档</a>于2018-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%BA%90%E3%80%81%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF&rft.au=%E5%88%81%E5%85%89%E5%85%A8&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Dmzya201303019%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">金秀瑶族自治县志编纂委员会. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.gxdqw.com/view-c41-57.html">第五节语言文字-金秀瑶族自治县志</a>. lib.gxdqw.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180728222508/http://lib.gxdqw.com/view-c41-57.html">存档</a>于2018-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%82+%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80+%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97-%E9%87%91%E7%A7%80%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF%E5%BF%97&rft.au=%E9%87%91%E7%A7%80%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF%E5%BF%97%E7%BC%96%E7%BA%82%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lib.gxdqw.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.gxdqw.com%2Fview-c41-57.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-研究3-5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-研究3-5_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-研究3-5_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，3-5页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">广西壮族自治区少数民族语言文字工作委员会，《广西民族语言方音词汇》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，1-2页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">刘保元、莫义明，《茶山瑶文化》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialect-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dialect_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialect_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，15-16页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialect2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dialect2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">倪大白，《侗台语概论》，145页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">倪大白，《侗台语概论》，152页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-研究6-9页-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-研究6-9页_16-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-研究6-9页_16-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，6-9页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，9-14页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">倪大白，《侗台语概论》，142页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-韵母-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-韵母_22-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韵母_22-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，14-15页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">蓝庆元. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=mzyw200506001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">拉珈语汉借词层次分析</a>. 民族语文. 2005, (6): 1-9 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725124411/http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=mzyw200506001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">存档</a>于2018-07-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E5%80%9F%E8%AF%8D%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.au=%E8%93%9D%E5%BA%86%E5%85%83&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&rft.pages=1-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Dmzyw200506001%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，113-131页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WOL-MSEA-13-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WOL-MSEA-13_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Norquest, Peter. Classification of (Tai-)Kadai/Kra-Dai languages. The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110558142-013"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1515/9783110558142-013</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Classification+of+%28Tai-%29Kadai%2FKra-Dai+languages&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Norquest&rft.btitle=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+Mainland+Southeast+Asia&rft.date=2021&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110558142-013&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，22-52页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，5<sup>˨˦</sup>页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">兰庆元，《拉珈语研究》，135-143页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">刘玉莲. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DAJA198902016.htm">试论道教文化与茶山瑶民间文化之关系</a>. 中国道教. 1989, (2): 34-39 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729105111/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DAJA198902016.htm">存档</a>于2018-07-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E8%AF%95%E8%AE%BA%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E7%8E%89%E8%8E%B2&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.pages=34-39&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle%2FCJFDTotal-DAJA198902016.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger（世界濒危语言地图）</a>. www.unesco.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><cite class="citation book">蓝庆元. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/765811571">拉珈语研究</a> 第1版. 贵林: 广西师范大学出版社. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787549509218" title="Special:网络书源/9787549509218"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787549509218</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/765811571"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 765811571</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E8%93%9D%E5%BA%86%E5%85%83.&rft.btitle=%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.date=2011&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC1%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787549509218&rft.place=%E8%B4%B5%E6%9E%97&rft.pub=%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F765811571&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F765811571&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><cite class="citation book">广西壮族自治区少数民族语言文字工作委员会. 广西民族语言方音词汇. 北京: 民族出版社. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787105095391" title="Special:网络书源/9787105095391"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787105095391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%B9%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787105095391&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><cite class="citation book">倪大白. 侗台语概论第1版. 北京: 中央民族学院出版社. 1990-11. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7810011995" title="Special:网络书源/7810011995"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7810011995</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/27854105"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 27854105</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E5%80%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BD&rft.btitle=%E4%BE%97%E5%8F%B0%E8%AF%AD%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA&rft.date=1990-11&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC1%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7810011995&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27854105&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：日期与年 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4" title="Category:引文格式1维护：日期与年">link</a>)</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><cite class="citation book">刘保元、莫义明. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/431658145">茶山瑶文化</a> 第1版. 南宁: 广西人民出版社. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7219046715" title="Special:网络书源/7219046715"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7219046715</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/431658145"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 431658145</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%88%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E4%BF%9D%E5%85%83%E3%80%81%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%89%E6%98%8E&rft.btitle=%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC1%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7219046715&rft.place=%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%81&rft.pub=%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F431658145&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F431658145&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：日期与年 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4" title="Category:引文格式1维护：日期与年">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%B1%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="周屯话">周屯话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%99%E8%AF%9D" title="站话">站话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="军家话">军家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="嘉米话">嘉米话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%8F%AD%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%9D" title="喇叭苗话">喇叭苗话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B1%9F%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%A9%B1" title="東江本地話">東江本地話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="钟山县">鐘山話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%AE%E8%AF%9D" title="蛮话">蛮话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="占米话">占米话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%9D" title="孔夫话">孔夫话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E8%AF%9D" title="迈话">迈话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%9D" title="畲话">畲话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%A9%B1" title="六甲話">六甲話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%B3%92%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="八峒瑶语">八峒瑶语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="平地瑶话">平地瑶话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B9%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夹侗话（页面不存在）">夹侗话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B9%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夹壮话（页面不存在）">夹壮话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%97%E8%AF%AD" title="徽宗语">徽宗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%91%E5%A1%98%E8%AF%9D" title="苑塘话">苑塘话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="香蕉白話">香蕉白話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E6%95%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="果敢語">果敢語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="东干语">东干語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E5%A0%82%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经堂语（页面不存在）">经堂语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%92%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="漢兒言語">漢兒言語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙式汉语（页面不存在）">蒙式汉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="塔兹语">塔兹语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%92%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="协和语">协和语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="军队中国语">军队中国语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古汉语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始汉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">近代汉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%AD_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" title="齐语 (语言)">齐语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="楚語">楚語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E8%AA%9E" title="蜀語">蜀語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="原始閩語">原始閩語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古吳語">古吳語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="粵語歷史">古粵語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="贛語的歷史">古贛語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">參見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="模板"><img alt="模板" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:漢語">漢語模板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">汉语方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="汉语方言列表">列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉语族</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="白語支">白語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E" title="白語">白語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白語中部方言（页面不存在）">中白语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%AD)" title="大理方言 (白语)">南白语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白語北部方言（页面不存在）">北白语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%91%AA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="拉瑪方言">拉瑪语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%B9%A1%E8%AF%9D" title="瓦乡话">瓦乡话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E9%9D%92%E4%BA%BA#语言" title="穿青人">老辈子话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="蔡龙语支">蔡龙语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="蔡家話">蔡家話</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="龙家语">龙家语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="卢人语">卢人语</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%BC%85%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="藏缅语族">藏缅语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F-%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏-喜马拉雅语群">藏-喜语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏语群">藏语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a></li> <li><a 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title="糯美语">糯美语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%AF%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="糯比语">糯比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8A%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD" title="腊米语">腊米语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BC%85%E8%AF%AD" title="罗缅语">罗缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%82%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="昂罗语">昂罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="郭合语">郭合语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="果作语">果作语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="格活语">格活语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%95%E8%BD%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="奕车语">奕车语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%BC%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="期弟语">期弟语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD" title="卡别语">卡别语</a></li></ul></li> <li>雅尼语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿卡语">阿卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="切皮亚语">切皮亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%90%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="木吞语">木吞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="木达语">木达语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猛語（页面不存在）">猛語</a></li></ul></li> <li>豪白语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="豪尼语">豪尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%9D%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="窝尼语">窝尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%AE%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="白宏语">白宏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="布孔语">布孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="布都语">布都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AD%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="梭比语">梭比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="多尼语">多尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD" title="多塔语">多塔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="阿梭语">阿梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="阿木语">阿母语</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>碧卡方言 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="碧约语">碧约语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="西摩洛语">峨努语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卡多语">卡多语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="西拉语群">西拉语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%93%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="搓梭语">搓梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="帕那语">帕那语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="阿克语">阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BE%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="勾克语">勾克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="西拉语">西拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="基尔语">基尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="帕札语">帕札语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD" title="木奇语">木奇语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E7%8E%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁玛语（页面不存在）">鲁玛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="普拉语">帕拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西达语（页面不存在）">西达语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">毕苏语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="毕苏语组">毕苏语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">毕苏语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%AE%E5%B8%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淮帕语（页面不存在）">淮帕语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%80%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达考语（页面不存在）">达考语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">老缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%93%81%E8%AF%AD" title="老品语">老品语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4)" title="片语 (毕苏语群)">片语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%AD" title="老潘语">老潘语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">兴萨里语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%86%85%E8%AF%AD" title="普内语">普内语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="兴萨里语">兴萨里语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="尖坦语">尖坦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%9B%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="老盛语">老盛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬库语">蓬库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬塞语">蓬塞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%B0%A7%E8%AF%AD" title="彭尧语">彭尧语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">贡语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="贡语 (越南)">贡语</a> <ul><li>金贡语</li> <li>银贡语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="桑孔语">桑孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="楚孔语">楚孔语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E9%9C%8D%E8%AF%AD" title="焦霍语">焦霍语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%A1%98%E8%AF%AD" title="班塘语">班塘语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%92%92%E8%AF%AD" title="孔撒语">孔撒语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A4%87%E8%AF%AD" title="哈备语">哈备语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E6%AF%95%E8%AF%AD" title="姆毕语">姆毕语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%AB%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="基諾語">基諾語</a> <ul><li>攸乐基諾語</li> <li>补远基諾語</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他彝语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%BE%BE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三达語（页面不存在）">三达語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达头语（页面不存在）">达头语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%AC%A1%E5%98%8E%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿次嘎语（页面不存在）">阿次嘎语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E4%BE%9D%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎依颇语（页面不存在）">扎依颇语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="曼子语支">曼子语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8E%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%9D" title="嘎苏话">嘎苏话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透语（页面不存在）">透语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD" title="曼子语">曼子语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD" title="模耆语">模耆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫期语（页面不存在）">莫期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="末昂语">末昂语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E5%B3%A8)" title="估涡语 (麻峨)">估涡语 (麻峨)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E9%98%BF)" title="估涡语 (麻阿)">估涡语 (麻阿)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%99%97%E8%AF%AD" title="孟噗语">孟噗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%A0%87%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="普标彝语">普标彝语</a>（麻榭）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%8F%B5%E4%BF%96%E8%AF%AD" title="䏵俖语">䏵俖语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B%E9%83%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="矛部语">矛部语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="老本语">老本语</a>（莫当）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="緬語支">緬語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="载瓦语">载瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="阿昌语">阿昌语</a> <ul><li>陇川话</li> <li>梁河话</li> <li>潞西话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E9%80%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="浪速语">浪速语</a> <ul><li>干诺话</li> <li>塔咯话</li> <li>拉钦话</li> <li>浪苏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%AA%E5%AE%8B%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浪宋话（页面不存在）">浪宋话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="勒期语">勒期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="茶山语">茶山语</a>（峨昌）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="波拉语">波拉语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="仙岛语">仙岛语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他语群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="萨尔语群" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="萨尔语群">萨尔语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD" title="景颇语">景颇语</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侬语支">侬语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD" title="独龙语">独龙语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿侬语">阿侬语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%97%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="日旺语">日旺语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="达尼语支">达尼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="阿迪语">阿迪语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%98%8E%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="博嘎尔方言">博嘎尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉莫语（页面不存在）">拉莫语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BE%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="派里波语（页面不存在）">派里波语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博日語（页面不存在）">博日語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希蒙语（页面不存在）">希蒙语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡可语（页面不存在）">卡可语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E9%BB%98%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯默卡语（页面不存在）">柯默卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦多语（页面不存在）">邦多语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">巴哼语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="巴哼语">巴哼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%94%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="唔奈语">唔奈语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="湘西苗语">湘西苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>西</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">畲语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>畲-炯奈语 <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="畲语">畲语</a></span>（活聂语）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AF%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="炯奈语">炯奈语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="优诺语">优诺语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="巴那语">巴那语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BB%94%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语黔东方言">黔东苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>北</li> <li>西 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%95%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="绕家语">绕家语</a></li></ul></li> <li>南</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="布努语">布努语</a> <ul><li>布努语</li> <li>包瑙语</li> <li>努茂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语川黔滇方言">川黔滇苗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">川黔滇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">第一土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%B1%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%9D" title="小花苗话">第二土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%80%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="西秀苗语">第三土语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%BB%87%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语滇东北次方言">滇东北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E9%98%B3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="贵阳苗语">贵阳</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD" title="麻标语">麻标语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%B0%B4%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="惠水苗语">惠水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BA%BB%E5%B1%B1%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语麻山次方言">麻山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E6%B3%8A%E6%B2%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语罗泊河次方言">罗泊河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%F0%B1%8E%BC%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="𱎼家话">重安江</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C4%9B-chinese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/14px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/21px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/28px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>家话</li> <li>东家话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A1%98%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="平塘苗语">平塘</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="瑶语支">瑶语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="藻敏话">藻敏话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="标敏话">标敏话</a> <ul><li>东山标敏话</li> <li>灌阳标敏话</li> <li>石口标敏话</li> <li>牛尾寨标敏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%9D" title="标曼话">标曼话</a> <ul><li>长坪标曼话</li> <li>罗香标曼话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%9D" title="金门话">金门话</a> <ul><li>滇桂金门话</li> <li>防海金门话 <ul><li>海南门语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="勉方言">勉方言</a> <ul><li>广滇勉语</li> <li>湘南勉语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E6%98%A5%E6%8E%92%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="阳春排瑶语">阳春排瑶语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苗瑶平话（页面不存在）">苗瑶平话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="猫家话">猫家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="伶话">伶话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="优念话">优念话</a>（红瑶平话）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%98%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="优家话（页面不存在）">优家话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%93%9F%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木哟话（页面不存在）">木哟话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民瑶话（页面不存在）">民瑶话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="平地瑶话">平地瑶话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E6%B1%A4%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="酸汤话">酸汤话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%94%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="三锹话">三锹话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤德昂语支">佤德昂语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>德昂语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="德昂语">德昂语</a>（巴朗语） <ul><li>普乐语</li> <li>若買语</li> <li>达让语</li> <li>纳盎语</li> <li>布雷語</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="日昂语">日昂语</a> <ul><li>郎日昂语</li> <li>籁日昂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%84%91%E8%AF%AD" title="达脑语">达脑语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="户语支">户语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦语">瓦语</a> <ul><li>北瓦语</li> <li>南瓦语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="乌语">乌语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="户语">户语</a>（昆格）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%82%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昂库语（页面不存在）">昂库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%94%91%E8%AF%AD" title="克蔑语">克蔑语</a>（曼咪）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莫克语">莫克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="木阿克语">木阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达贡语（页面不存在）">达贡语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤语支">佤语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="佤語">佤語</a> <ul><li>巴饒克</li> <li>阿佤</li> <li>佤</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维瓦语（页面不存在）">拉维瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉威语">拉威语</a> <ul><li>东拉威语</li> <li>西拉威语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="布朗语">布朗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔佤语（页面不存在）">阿尔佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彭语（页面不存在）">彭语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肯德涅语（页面不存在）">肯德涅语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E9%99%B6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑陶语（页面不存在）">桑陶语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡瓦语（页面不存在）">卡瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔图语（页面不存在）">孔图语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%81%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旁彭语（页面不存在）">旁彭语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙雷语">蒙雷语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都语（页面不存在）">都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%80%80%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="萨怀克语">萨怀克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%97%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嗯语（页面不存在）">嗯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨姆语（页面不存在）">萨姆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%82%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颂语（页面不存在）">颂语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%8A%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腊佤语（页面不存在）">腊佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉语（页面不存在）">克拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A5%E8%BF%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="补过语（页面不存在）">补过语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%81%E5%88%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叁刀语（页面不存在）">叁刀语</a></li></ul></li> <li>拉墨语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A2%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="拉墨语">拉墨语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁阿语（页面不存在）">鲁阿语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="焦尔语">焦尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="控语（页面不存在）">控语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E2%80%94%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="布兴—抗语支">布兴语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="布兴语">布兴语</a>（佧米）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="布芒语">布芒语</a>（曼丈）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="广林语">广林语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD" title="抗语">抗语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="克木语支">克木语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="克木语">克木语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%B8%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克温语（页面不存在）">克温语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E8%AF%9D" title="宽话">宽话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="莽语支">莽语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="莽语">莽语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%89%E8%AF%AD" title="巴琉语">俫语</a>（珀琉）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%93%E8%AF%AD" title="布赓语">布赓语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="越語支">越語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="中國京語">京语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣南島語言">台灣南島語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿美语">阿美语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%9B%85%E8%AA%9E" title="泰雅語">泰雅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%B9%BE%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="排湾语">排湾语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%B2%E8%AA%9E" title="布農語">布农语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" title="卑南語">卑南语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%87%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="魯凱語">鲁凯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B9%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="邹语">邹语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E5%A4%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="賽夏語">赛夏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%93%88%E5%B7%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="噶哈巫語">噶哈巫语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="邵语">邵语</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="海西女真">扈倫語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" title="巴拉語">巴拉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%A5%9A%E5%96%80%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒楚喀语">阿勒楚喀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="恰喀拉语">恰喀拉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="东海女真">庫爾喀語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="东海女真">瓦爾喀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="女真語">女真語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古通古斯语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%83%E6%85%8E" title="肃慎">肃慎语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%B9%E5%A8%84" title="挹娄">挹娄语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%BA%E9%9E%A8" title="靺鞨">靺鞨语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%BA%E9%9E%A8" title="靺鞨">勿吉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="渤海語">渤海語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="扶餘語系">扶余語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97%E8%AA%9E" title="高句麗語">高句麗語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%8A%E8%B2%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="濊貊語">濊貊语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E4%BD%99%E8%AF%AD" title="扶余语">扶余语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%B2%AE" title="沃沮">沃沮语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BF%8A" title="東濊">東濊语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%90%89%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="日琉語系">日琉语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%BA%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="寒溪語">寒溪語</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣日語">台灣日語</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">朝鲜语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="中國朝鮮語">中國朝鮮語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="亚非语系">亚非语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="敘利亞語">叙利亚语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉姆語">阿拉姆語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="色勒库尔语">色勒库尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西徐亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scythian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西徐亞語（页面不存在）">西徐亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Scythian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scythian languages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">塞語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">于阗语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">扜弥语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">图木舒克语</a>（据史德语）</span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">坎杰克语</a>（康居语）</span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="粟特语">粟特语</a></span> <ul><li>老粟特语</li> <li>新粟特语 <ul><li>景教粟特语</li> <li>摩尼教粟特语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="中古波斯语">钵罗婆语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="安息语">安息语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="大夏语">大夏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B-%E8%B4%B5%E9%9C%9C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊塞克-贵霜语（页面不存在）">伊塞克-贵霜语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿维斯陀语">阿维斯陀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="花剌子模语">花剌子模语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">猶太-波斯語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">蓝帽回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新波斯语">新波斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="伊朗波斯語">伊朗波斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%9B%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="回回语">回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="普什图语">普什图语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语">俾路支语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="尼泊尔语">尼泊尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达曼语（页面不存在）">达曼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="科瓦語">科瓦語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克什米爾語">克什米爾語</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" title="佛教混合梵文">佛教混合梵语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E9%A9%AE%E9%80%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="健驮逻语">健驮逻语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="巴利语">巴利语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄罗斯语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%AF%A7%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊寧俄语（页面不存在）">伊寧俄语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="满洲里俄语（页面不存在）">满洲里俄语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄語在中國" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Русский язык в Китае"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄語在中國（页面不存在）">外语俄語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Русский язык в Китае"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Русский язык в Китае</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="乌克兰语">乌克兰语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="吐火罗语">吐火罗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="吐火罗语">吐火罗语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="龟兹语">龟兹语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%89%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="焉耆语（页面不存在）">焉耆语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%8B%E7%A6%84%E8%BF%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跋禄迦语（页面不存在）">跋禄迦语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="楼兰语（页面不存在）">楼兰语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="月氏语（页面不存在）">月氏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E5%B8%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车师语（页面不存在）">车师语</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD#香港" title="英语">英语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中式英语">中式英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="港式英語">港式英語</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁语族">拉丁語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%BC%8F%E8%91%A1%E6%96%87" title="澳式葡文">澳式葡文</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E" title="澳門土生葡語">澳門土生葡語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E8%91%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳门葡语（页面不存在）">澳门葡语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="广州英语（页面不存在）">广州英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="洋泾浜英语">上海洋泾浜英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海上洋泾浜英语（页面不存在）">海上洋泾浜英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本寄语（页面不存在）">日本寄语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E" title="中俄混合語">恰克图语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈尔滨洋泾浜俄语（页面不存在）">哈尔滨洋泾浜俄语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%B7%9E%E6%B9%BE%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="胶州湾洋泾浜德语">胶州湾洋泾浜德语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語系不明</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="东夷语">东夷语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="匈奴语">匈奴语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%AF#語言" title="羯">羯語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="匈人语">匈人语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92" title="敕勒">敕勒语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="辅助语言">辅助语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中國手語">中國手語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国北方手语（页面不存在）">北方手语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国南方手语（页面不存在）">南方手语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="香港手語">香港手語</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣手語">台灣手語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="藏语手语">藏语手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="手語拼寫法">手语字母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉语手指字母（页面不存在）">汉语手指字母</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维吾尔语手指语（页面不存在）">维吾尔语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜语手指语（页面不存在）">朝鲜语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏文手指字母（页面不存在）">藏文手指字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD#外语教学与能力" title="外语">外語教學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95#外语" title="普通高等学校招生全国统一考试">作爲中国大陸高考科目的外語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2#中国大陆的英語教育" title="語言教育">英語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄語在中國" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Русский язык в Китае"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄語在中國（页面不存在）">俄語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Русский язык в Китае"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Русский язык в Китае</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语作为外语教学">對外華語文教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap">註：<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E8%B7%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="絕跡語言">絕跡語言</a></span>（<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内绝迹语言</span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">极危语言</span>（<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内极危语言</span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid blue; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">可能存在于中国境内的语言</span></span><br /><span class="nowrap">參見：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="Template:中华民族">中國境內的民族和族群一覽（按語言系屬分類）</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="中國漢語方言保護">中國漢語方言保護</a></span><br />关于港澳地区的语言，参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="香港語文">香港語文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80#語言文字" title="澳門">澳门语言</a><br />关于台澎金马的语言，参见：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template:臺灣語言">台湾语言</a><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="壯侗語系" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A3%AE%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="Template:壮侗语系"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A3%AE%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="Template talk:壮侗语系"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A3%AE%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:壮侗语系"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="壯侗語系" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E4%BE%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="壯侗語系">壯侗語系</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:slategray">北支</span></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E5%A4%AE%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="仡央语群">仡央语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BB%A1%E5%A4%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="原始仡央語">原始仡央語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%93%88%E8%AA%9E" title="拉哈語">拉哈語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="仡佬语">仡佬语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E4%BD%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="木佬語">木佬语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="拉基語">拉基語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E8%AF%AD" title="巴哈语">巴哈语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="布央語">布央語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="恩語">恩語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD" title="普标语">普标语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%97%E6%B0%B4%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侗水语支">侗水语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BE%97%E6%B0%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="原始侗水语">原始侗水语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AB%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="仫佬语">仫佬语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD" title="侗语">侗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%AF%E5%83%99%E8%AF%AD" title="佯僙语">佯僙语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="毛南语">毛南语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E6%B4%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="茶洞語">茶洞語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%AA%9E" title="水語">水語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%AF%AD" title="莫语">莫語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="錦語">錦語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%9D" title="标话">标话</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">拉珈語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:slategray">南支</span></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="黎语支">黎语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="原始黎语">原始黎语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="黎语">黎语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A3%E6%96%97%E5%BE%95%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="那斗徕话（页面不存在）">那斗徕话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E" title="仡隆語">仡隆語</a>(昌化村话)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%9F%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谟话（页面不存在）">谟话</a>(昌感村话)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%8C%82%E8%AA%9E" title="加茂語">加茂語</a>（黎语層）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">臨高話</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E9%AB%98%E8%AA%9E" title="臨高語">臨高話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%85%86%E8%AF%9D" title="吉兆话">吉兆話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E5%82%A3%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="壯傣語支">壯傣語支</a><br /><small><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E" title="原始台語">祖語</a>）</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="北部台語支">北部</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="标准壮语">标准壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="布依语">布依语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="邱北壮语">邱北壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%92%E8%A9%B1" title="誒話">誒話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="石語">石語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A7%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="尧依语">尧依语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%B0%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="中部台语支">中部</a><br /><small><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="多系群">多系群</a>）</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B1%9F%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="左江壯語">土/岱壯語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宁明壮语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ningming Zhuang language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宁明壮语（页面不存在）">宁明壮语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningming_Zhuang_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ningming Zhuang language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ningming Zhuang language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AF%E5%BB%A3%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="硯廣壯語">儂壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%BA%BB%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="文麻壯語">岱壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%B2" title="民讲">民講</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%9D%96%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="德靖壯語">央壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%82%E8%AA%9E" title="儂語">儂語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="岱依语">岱依语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E8%80%81%E8%AA%9E" title="卜老語">卜老語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西南部台語支">西南部</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">西北</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%B8%E8%AF%AD" title="掸语">掸語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E4%BB%82%E8%AA%9E" title="傣仂語">傣仂語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%89%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="傣艮语">傣艮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%AD" title="傣雅语">傣雅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="傣那语">傣那语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%BA%95%E8%AA%9E" title="坎底語">坎底語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="傣来语">傣来语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B%E5%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="帕克傣语">帕克傣语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%80%9A%E5%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="艾通傣语">艾通傣语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E4%BD%AF%E8%AF%AD" 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