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aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-母親的稱呼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#母親的稱呼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>母親的稱呼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-母親的稱呼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-母親角色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#母親角色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>母親角色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-母親角色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-著名的母親" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著名的母親"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>著名的母親</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著名的母親-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衍生用法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衍生用法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>衍生用法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衍生用法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影視或音樂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影視或音樂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>影視或音樂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影視或音樂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">母親</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。150种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeder" title="Moeder – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moeder" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ina" title="Ina – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ina" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai" title="Mai – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%8Ddor" title="Mōdor – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mōdor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85" title="أم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A1%DC%90_(%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܡܐ (ܒܝܬܝܘܬܐ) – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܡܐ (ܒܝܬܝܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%83" title="মাতৃ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাতৃ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre" title="Madre – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayka" title="Tayka – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Tayka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana" title="Ana – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7" title="آنا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muada" title="Muada – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Muada" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muot%C4%ABna" title="Muotīna – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muotīna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ina" title="Ina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyang" title="Eyang – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Eyang" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Маці – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Маці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Майка – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="महतारी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="महतारी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma" title="Uma – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Uma" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="মা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་མ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamm" title="Mamm – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mamm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majka" title="Majka – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Majka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare" title="Mare – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2ng-n%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Nòng-nā̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nòng-nā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нана – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нана" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%A5" title="ᎤᏂᏥ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏂᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="دایک – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دایک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neniy" title="Neniy – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Neniy" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matka" title="Matka – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Matka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мати – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Мати" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Анне – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Анне" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam" title="Mam – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor" title="Mor – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma" title="Ma – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ma" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutter" title="Mutter – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mutter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maye" title="Maye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Maye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μητέρα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μητέρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8der" title="Mèder – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mèder" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother" title="Mother – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mother" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrino" title="Patrino – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patrino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre" title="Madre – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ema" title="Ema – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ema" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama" title="Ama – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="مادر – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مادر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84iti" title="Äiti – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Äiti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8re" title="Mère – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem" title="Mem – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mem" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%98" title="娘 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="娘" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0thair" title="Màthair – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Màthair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nai" title="Nai – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%E1%BB%8D%CC%80" title="Onọ̀ – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Onọ̀" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82-m%C3%AA" title="Â-mê – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Â-mê" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אימהות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אימהות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="माता – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majka" title="Majka – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Majka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anya" title="Anya – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80" title="Մայր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nne" title="Nne – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nne" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matro" title="Matro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Matro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0ir" title="Móðir – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Móðir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre" title="Madre – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="母親 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="母親" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ibu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1yang" title="A̱yang – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱yang" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ана – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ತಾಯಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88" title="어머니 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어머니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayik" title="Dayik – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dayik" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mater" title="Mater – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mater" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamm" title="Mamm – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mamm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A6" title="Moæ – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Moæ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mader" title="Mader – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mader" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%A1" title="Mamá – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mamá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motina" title="Motina – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Motina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81te" title="Māte – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Māte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="माँ – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="माँ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reny" title="Reny – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Reny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ава – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ава" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandeh" title="Mandeh – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mandeh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мајка – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мајка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE" title="അമ്മ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമ്മ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯃꯄꯤ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯄꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88" title="आई – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%92%D0%B2%D3%93" title="Ӓвӓ – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ӓвӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%81%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="မိခင် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိခင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مار – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moor_(meens)" title="Moor (meens) – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Moor (meens)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आमा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आमा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="माँ – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeder" title="Moeder – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moeder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor" title="Mor – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor" title="Mor – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8re" title="Mère – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mère" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maire" title="Maire – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਮਾਂ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memm" title="Memm – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Memm" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matka" title="Matka – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Matka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ماں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مور – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A3e" title="Mãe – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mãe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamay" title="Mamay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C4%83" title="Mamă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mamă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Мать – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мать" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="माता – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Ийэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱟᱭᱳ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱭᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matri" title="Matri – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Matri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%8C" title="ماءٌ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماءٌ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadni" title="Eadni – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eadni" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majka" title="Majka – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Majka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="අම්මා – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අම්මා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother" title="Mother – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mother" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matka_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Matka (biológia) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Matka (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati" title="Mati – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mati" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amai" title="Amai – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Amai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooyo" title="Hooyo – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hooyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ABna" title="Nëna – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nëna" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мајка – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мајка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moder" title="Moder – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama" title="Mama – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/wina" title="wina – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="wina" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="தாய் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86" title="ಅಪ್ಪೆ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಪ್ಪೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE" title="అమ్మ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమ్మ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Модар – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Модар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="แม่ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ene" title="Ene – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ene" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ina" title="Ina – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne" title="Anne – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Әни – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әни" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maame" title="Maame – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Maame" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ава – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ава" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мати – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ماں – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ona" title="Ona – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ona" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9" title="Mẹ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mẹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mame" title="Mame – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mame" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%B3y" title="Iróy – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iróy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E5%A6%88" title="姆妈 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="姆妈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="מוטער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cy%C3%A1" title="Ìyá – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìyá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poete" title="Poete – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Poete" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%81u-b%C3%BA" title="Lāu-bú – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lāu-bú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%AA%BD" title="亞媽 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞媽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&oldid=84536606" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&id=84536606&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25AF%258D%25E8%25A6%25AA"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25AF%258D%25E8%25A6%25AA"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mothers" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7560" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%BD%E5%92%AA&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="媽咪">媽咪</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此条目页的主題是雙親中女性的一方。关于此名稱的其他用法，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="母親 (消歧義)">母親 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>老母</b>」重定向至此。关于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a>中最主要的神，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A5%B5%E8%80%81%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="無極老母">無極老母</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox 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.mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="Talk:母親">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">編修</a>，以確保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字詞">用詞、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">標點</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年3月31日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">校對指引</a>，幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit">编辑</a>這個條目。（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">幫助</a>、<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="Talk:母親">討論</a>）</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年8月15日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA%22">"母親"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>內容<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%86%E7%A1%AE%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="Wikipedia:准确性争议">疑欠准确</a>，有待查證。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年8月15日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="Talk:母親">讨论页</a>討論問題所在及加以改善，若此條目仍有爭議及<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%86%E7%A1%AE%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="Wikipedia:准确性争议">准确度</a>欠佳，會被提出<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%98%E5%BB%A2%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96" title="Wikipedia:頁面存廢討論">存廢討論</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" 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.sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;background:#ccf;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People_together.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="人間関係"><img alt="人間関係" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/People_together.svg/50px-People_together.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/People_together.svg/75px-People_together.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/People_together.svg/100px-People_together.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="119" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="人際關係">人際關係</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;">類型</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;font-style:font-weight:normal;;display:block;margin-top:0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%A6%AA" title="血親">血親</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E9%A4%8A" title="收養">擬制血親</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD" title="大家庭">家族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD" title="家庭">家庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC" title="親屬">親屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E6%9C%AC" title="親本">親本</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">母親</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">祖父母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%83%9E" title="同胞">兄弟姊妹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="堂表親">堂表親</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表親</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;font-style:font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="婚姻">婚姻</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6" title="配偶">配偶</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%A6%BB" title="夫妻">夫妻</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">妻子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB" title="丈夫">丈夫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">夫夫/妻妻</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6%E5%88%B6" title="多配偶制">多配偶制</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A6%BB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%B6" title="一妻多夫制">一妻多夫制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A6%BB%E5%88%B6" title="一夫多妻制">一夫多妻制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E5%A9%9A" title="群婚">群婚</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;font-style:font-weight:normal;"> 伙伴 <b>·</b> 伴侶</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8B%E6%83%85" title="友情">友情</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A8%E5%AF%86" class="mw-disambig" title="閨密">闺密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E6%83%85" title="兄弟情">兄弟情</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E5%8F%8B%E6%83%85" title="浪漫友情">浪漫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%8B%E7%88%B1" title="异性友爱">異性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B%E5%8C%BA" title="朋友区">朋友区</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E4%BB%96%E4%BA%BA" title="重要他人">重要他人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BA%BA" title="爱人">爱人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B" title="女朋友">女朋友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B" title="男朋友">男朋友</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88" title="同性結合">同性結合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%B1%85" title="同居">同居</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82%E4%BC%B4%E4%BE%A3" title="灵魂伴侣">灵魂伴侣</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:none;font-style:font-weight:normal;;display:block;margin-left:1.0em;margin-right:1.0em;border-bottom:1px solid #bbb;"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E5%AF%86%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="亲密关系">亲密关系</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E4%BC%B4%E4%BE%B6" title="性伴侶">性關係</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em; padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%97%B2%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA" title="休闲性行为">無負擔性行為</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B1%E5%A9%9A" title="乱婚">乱婚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6%E5%88%B6" title="單配偶制">單配偶制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%96%AE%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6%E5%88%B6" title="非單配偶制">非單配偶制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="开放式关系">开放式关系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%82%8A%E6%88%80" title="多邊戀">多邊戀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4" title="性伙伴">性伙伴</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85_(%E6%84%9B%E6%83%85)" title="第三者 (愛情)">第三者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A9%A6" title="情婦">情婦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A4%AB" title="情夫">情夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%9A%9B%E8%8A%B1" title="交際花">交際花</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;">活動</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%83%85%E7%BA%BD%E5%B8%A6" title="感情纽带">感情纽带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%BA%AB%E7%AF%80" title="單身節">單身節</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%93%87%E5%81%B6%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="人類擇偶策略">擇偶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%B2" title="相亲">相亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%9C%83" title="約會">約會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%99%BD" title="表白">表白</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="浪漫關係">浪漫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%83%85" title="愛情">戀愛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%82%E5%81%B6" title="求偶">求偶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%82%E5%A9%9A" title="求婚">求婚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%82%E5%A9%9A" title="訂婚">訂婚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E7%A4%BC" title="婚礼">婚礼</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;">終止</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%89%8B" title="分手">分手</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B1%85" title="分居">分居</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E5%B1%85" title="合法分居">合法分居</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%A9%9A" title="离婚">离婚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A7%E5%81%B6" title="丧偶">丧偶</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA" title="情绪">情绪</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%92%8C" title="親和">親和</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E9%99%84%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="依附理論">依附</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E5%AF%86%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="亲密关系">親密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%92%E5%BF%8C" title="妒忌">妒忌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E6%88%80_(%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92)" title="迷戀 (情緒)">迷戀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B" title="愛">愛</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%81%8B%E7%88%B1" title="柏拉图式恋爱">柏拉圖式戀愛</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無條件之愛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unconditional love"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%84%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無條件之愛（页面不存在）">無條件之愛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconditional_love" class="extiw" title="en:Unconditional love"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unconditional love</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E6%83%85" title="激情">激情</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%AC%B2" title="性欲">性欲</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;">實踐</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%98%E7%A4%BC" title="聘礼">聘礼</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%81%E5%A6%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="嫁妝">嫁妝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="娶妻贈禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dower"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%B6%E5%A6%BB%E8%B4%88%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="娶妻贈禮（页面不存在）">娶妻贈禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dower" class="extiw" title="en:Dower"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dower</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%B6%E5%A6%BB%E5%BD%B9" title="娶妻役">娶妻役</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%AB%81" title="高嫁">高嫁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2%E6%88%80%E6%84%9B" title="遠距離戀愛">遠距離戀愛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA" title="人类性行为">性行為</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%A3%93%E6%8A%91" title="性壓抑">性壓抑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85%E5%88%A5%E6%88%80" class="mw-disambig" title="移情別戀">移情別戀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%81%87" title="外遇">外遇</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="親倫違俗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Relational transgression"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%AA%E5%80%AB%E9%81%95%E4%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="親倫違俗（页面不存在）">親倫違俗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_transgression" class="extiw" title="en:Relational transgression"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Relational transgression</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85" title="虐待">虐待</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="家庭暴力">家庭暴力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E5%86%85%E5%BC%BA%E5%A5%B8" title="婚内强奸">婚内强奸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" title="虐待兒童">虐待兒童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E8%BA%AB%E9%9A%9C" title="虐待身障">虐待身障</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA" title="虐待老人">虐待長者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85" title="精神虐待">精神虐待</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E8%88%87%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="虐待關係中的權力與控制">強制控制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="約會暴力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dating abuse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E6%9C%83%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約會暴力（页面不存在）">約會暴力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dating_abuse" class="extiw" title="en:Dating abuse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dating abuse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8F%E6%93%BE" title="纏擾">纏擾</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A6%AA%E8%BF%91%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Template:親近關係"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%A6%AA%E8%BF%91%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Template talk:親近關係"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%A6%AA%E8%BF%91%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:親近關係"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>母親</b>簡稱<b>母</b>，或稱<b>媽媽</b>，是一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="親屬關係">親屬關係</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82" class="mw-redirect" title="稱謂">稱謂</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="子女">子女</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%A6%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="雙親">雙親</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7" title="女性">女性</a>的稱呼。母親和子女是重要的直系親屬關係之一，通常具有<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AF%86%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="親密關係">親密關係</a>。 </p><p>一般指生育小孩的女性（即生母）；但在有些狀況下，僅<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="養母">養育小孩</a>（養母），或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="繼母">再婚配偶</a>（繼母）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="義母">結誼長輩</a>（義母），或是僅提供<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="卵子">卵子</a>讓<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%AD%90" title="精子">精子</a>與之結合（代孕母），例如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%90%E5%8D%B5" title="捐卵">捐卵</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="辅助生殖技术">辅助生殖技术</a>，但並未親自生育小孩的女人也可如此稱呼。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物學">生物學</a>上，子女體細胞中成對的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="染色體">染色體</a>，有一半是由母親的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="卵子">卵子</a>提供，因此可藉由<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="脱氧核糖核酸">DNA</a>分析來辨別親屬關係，且<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%AD%90" title="精子">精子</a>與卵子結合時，只有提供細胞核的遺傳物質，因此子女細胞中<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>的DNA皆來自母親，可由此來判別母系祖譜。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="社會學">社會學</a>上，母親可能代表了養育與教養子女成長的女性。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>上，女性也可以經由合法的管道，領養子女，或與有子女的男性結婚，進而成為該子女的法定母親。經領養而成為母親的稱為養母，與有子女男性結婚而成為母親的則稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="繼母">繼母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="後母">後母</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E5%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="晚娘">晚娘</a>。而部分法律主體由于<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E5%B9%B3%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="性別平權">性别平权</a>的缘故会使用<b>分娩者</b>代指母親。<sup id="cite_ref-Signs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Signs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-分娩者_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-分娩者-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="母親的稱呼"><span id=".E6.AF.8D.E8.A6.AA.E7.9A.84.E7.A8.B1.E5.91.BC"></span>母親的稱呼</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：母親的稱呼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在日常口語中，小孩對母親有許多不同的稱呼，包括<b>媽</b>、<b>媽媽</b>、<b>妈咪。</b>有些地區子女（特別是古代）對母親的稱呼是<b>娘</b>、<b>阿娘</b>、<b>娘親</b>，又有<b>阿母</b>、<b>老媽</b>、<b>老媽子</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>，北方話「老媽子」是指中年或老年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%83%95" class="mw-redirect" title="女僕">女僕</a>）、等稱呼，滿語稱<b>額娘</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="满语">满语</a>：<span lang="mnc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r76324713">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian"}</style><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; writing-mode: vertical-lr; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="满文转写方案">转写</a>：<i><span class="Unicode" lang="mnc-Latn" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" title="满文转写">eniye</span></i>）。 </p><p>對別人稱自己的母親有<b>家母</b>、<b>家慈</b>；稱已死去的母親為<b>先慈</b>、<b>先妣</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；對別人母親的尊稱是<b>令堂</b>或<b>令壽堂</b>（粵語口語中另稱<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="伯母">伯母</a></b>）。要特別注意，有時候父親或母親的丈夫（繼父）也會用兒女對母親的稱呼——“媽媽”或“孩子他（她）媽”——代表他的妻子。 </p><p>子女在不同的年龄阶段对其母亲的称呼也有所不同。幼儿及少儿时期，子女通常用一些较亲切的称呼，如<b>妈妈</b>等。青年之后，称呼通常为<b>妈</b>等。 </p><p>在古代中國的漢族皇族中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="皇后">皇后</a>所出的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AD%90" title="皇子">皇子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" title="公主">公主</a>稱母親為<b>母后</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%AA%E5%BE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="嬪御">嬪御</a>所出的子女須認皇后為嫡母，稱皇后為母后，稱生母為<b>母妃</b>或与其他庶母一样称为<b>（阿）姨</b>（有的庶出皇子成为皇帝后，尊在世生母为<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="皇太后">皇太后</a>，即给予生母父亲正妻的名分，或将已故的生母追尊为皇后，即追认为父皇的正妻），皇子、親王的子女亦稱母親為母妃。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="清">清</a>代的皇子和公主則稱皇后作<b>皇額娘</b>、生母稱<b>額娘</b>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>「母后」（Queen Mother）一詞是指現任<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="國王">國王</a>或女王的母親，即<b>王太后</b>，但王太后包括並非現任君主母親的前任王后，且若国王的父亲生前不是国王，国王的母亲也只能按丈夫生前的封爵称某夫人而不得称母后或王太后。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%80%E5%A6%BB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="一夫一妻多妾">一夫一妻多妾</a>家庭中，父親的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="正室">正室</a>相對於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%87%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="庶出">庶出</a>子女而言是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="嫡母">嫡母</a>，庶出子女稱嫡母為「大媽」、「大娘」。父親的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a>相對於正室或其他妾所生的子女而言是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="庶母">庶母</a>，子女會把庶母稱為「小媽」、「○媽」（○為在妻妾中的排行）、「阿姨」、「姨娘」等，「阿姨」、「姨娘」的稱呼是源於一些地區對母親姊妹的稱呼。 </p><p>在臺灣<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%92%E6%97%8F" title="鄒族">鄒族</a>稱母親為<b>伊娜</b>（Ina）<sup id="cite_ref-番族慣習調查報告書_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-番族慣習調查報告書-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="母親角色"><span id=".E6.AF.8D.E8.A6.AA.E8.A7.92.E8.89.B2"></span>母親角色</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：母親角色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:On_Mangyong_Hill_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/On_Mangyong_Hill_05.JPG/220px-On_Mangyong_Hill_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/On_Mangyong_Hill_05.JPG/330px-On_Mangyong_Hill_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/On_Mangyong_Hill_05.JPG/440px-On_Mangyong_Hill_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="北韓">北韓</a>一個母親</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grandmother_and_granddaughter%EF%BC%BFtaiwan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grandmother_and_granddaughter%EF%BC%BFtaiwan.jpg/220px-Grandmother_and_granddaughter%EF%BC%BFtaiwan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grandmother_and_granddaughter%EF%BC%BFtaiwan.jpg/330px-Grandmother_and_granddaughter%EF%BC%BFtaiwan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grandmother_and_granddaughter%EF%BC%BFtaiwan.jpg/440px-Grandmother_and_granddaughter%EF%BC%BFtaiwan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption>母親和其孫女</figcaption></figure> <p>在任何一個社會文化中，都有對於母親應扮演角色職責的期望和規範，此即母親角色（Motherhood），例如在傳統中國，母親被期望扮演為一個盡心照顧公婆、操持家務、輔助丈夫、教育子女的重要角色。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>1960年代的第二波婦女運動中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義">女性主義</a>者開始對於西方傳統價值觀中對於母親角色的假設有所反省，認為許多對於母親角色的期望（照顧小孩、負責家務），其實是父權制度的產物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="著名的母親"><span id=".E8.91.97.E5.90.8D.E7.9A.84.E6.AF.8D.E8.A6.AA"></span>著名的母親</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：著名的母親"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>中國古代<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E6%AF%8D%E4%B8%89%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="孟母三迁">孟母三遷</a>的故事，是描述儒家學者<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90" title="孟子">孟子</a>幼時，母親為了讓他習得良好的品行，將住家從墳墓、市場、再搬到學堂旁，並激勵他努力向學，終於成為一位著名的學者。</li> <li>中國古代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%B3%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%BA%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岳母刺字（页面不存在）">岳母刺字</a>的故事：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E9%A3%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="岳飛">岳飛</a>的忠勇事蹟廣布民間，其中岳母刺字的故事也是家喻戶曉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="衍生用法"><span id=".E8.A1.8D.E7.94.9F.E7.94.A8.E6.B3.95"></span>衍生用法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：衍生用法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在許多語言中都會將自己所屬的事物以「母」稱之，例如將自己的祖國稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="母國">母國</a>，畢業的學校稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="母校">母校</a>，出生成長所學的第一種語言為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="母親節">母親節</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%84%9B" title="母愛">母愛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%93%E5%A7%86" title="褓姆">褓姆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代母（页面不存在）">代母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">妻子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%B6" title="夫家">婆媳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AE%B6" title="妻家">娘家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="母系社會">母系社會</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mothers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mothers"><span style="font-weight:bold;">母親</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="维基数据">维基数据</a>上的相关属性： <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:p25" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:p25">母亲（P25）</a></b>（<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3Ap25%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20p25%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20Chinese%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22zh%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22zh%22%20is%20Chinese.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">使用情况</a></span>）</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影視或音樂"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E8.A6.96.E6.88.96.E9.9F.B3.E6.A8.82"></span>影視或音樂</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：影視或音樂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E5%AA%BD%E5%A5%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="媽媽好">媽媽好</a>，一首家喻戶曉的兒歌，歌頌母愛的偉大。</li> <li>電影《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E5%AA%BD%E5%86%8D%E6%84%9B%E6%88%91%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="媽媽再愛我一次">媽媽再愛我一次</a>》讓<a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E5%AA%BD%E5%A5%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="媽媽好">媽媽好</a>再次紅遍地區。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Signs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Signs_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mass.gov/news/governor-healey-signs-parentage-act-ensuring-equality-for-all-families-in-massachusetts">Governor Healey Signs Parentage Act, Ensuring Equality for All Families in Massachusetts</a>. 马萨诸塞州政府. 2024年8月9日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2024年8月15日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240916013031/https://www.mass.gov/news/governor-healey-signs-parentage-act-ensuring-equality-for-all-families-in-massachusetts">存档</a>于2024年9月16日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&rft.atitle=Governor+Healey+Signs+Parentage+Act%2C+Ensuring+Equality+for+All+Families+in+Massachusetts&rft.date=2024-08-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Fnews%2Fgovernor-healey-signs-parentage-act-ensuring-equality-for-all-families-in-massachusetts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-分娩者-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-分娩者_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sinchew.com.my/news/20240801/international/5808570">美国麻州将通过新法取消父亲母亲称谓</a>. 星洲日报. 2024年8月1日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2024年8月15日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240815022353/https://www.sinchew.com.my/news/20240801/international/5808570">存档</a>于2024年8月15日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&rft.atitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%BA%BB%E5%B7%9E%E5%B0%86%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%95+%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E7%88%B6%E4%BA%B2%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93&rft.date=2024-08-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%98%9F%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinchew.com.my%2Fnews%2F20240801%2Finternational%2F5808570&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《禮記·曲禮下》:「生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-番族慣習調查報告書-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-番族慣習調查報告書_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">臺灣總督府臨時臺灣舊慣調查會. 《番族慣習調查報告書》第四卷‧鄒族. 臺灣: 中央研究院民族學研究所. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9576717981" title="Special:网络书源/9576717981"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9576717981</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA&rft.au=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%8A%E6%85%A3%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E6%9C%83&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%95%AA%E6%97%8F%E6%85%A3%E7%BF%92%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%B7%E2%80%A7%E9%84%92%E6%97%8F&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9576717981&rft.place=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E5%8F%8A%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:婴儿及护理（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E5%8F%8A%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:婴儿及护理"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="嬰兒及护理" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92" title="嬰兒">嬰兒</a>及护理</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92" title="嬰兒">嬰兒</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Breastfeeding-icon-med.svg/100px-Breastfeeding-icon-med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Breastfeeding-icon-med.svg/150px-Breastfeeding-icon-med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Breastfeeding-icon-med.svg/200px-Breastfeeding-icon-med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">健康</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81" title="嬰兒食品">婴儿食品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E4%BD%93%E9%87%8D" title="出生体重">出生体重</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E4%B9%B3%E5%99%A8" title="吸乳器">吸乳器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%B9%B3%E5%93%BA%E8%82%B2" title="母乳哺育">母乳哺育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E5%A5%B6%E7%93%B6" title="嬰兒奶瓶">婴儿奶瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E5%93%AD%E9%AC%A7" title="嬰兒哭鬧">婴儿哭闹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB" title="免疫">免疫接种</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E7%97%82" title="乳痂">乳痂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴幼儿内斜视" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infantile esotropia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%B9%BC%E5%84%BF%E5%86%85%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴幼儿内斜视（页面不存在）">婴幼儿内斜视</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantile_esotropia" class="extiw" title="en:Infantile esotropia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infantile esotropia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发育停滞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Failure to thrive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E5%81%9C%E6%BB%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发育停滞（页面不存在）">发育停滞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_to_thrive" class="extiw" title="en:Failure to thrive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Failure to thrive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴幼儿安全" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant and toddler safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%B9%BC%E5%84%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴幼儿安全（页面不存在）">婴幼儿安全</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_and_toddler_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Infant and toddler safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant and toddler safety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%B4%97%E6%BE%A1" title="婴儿洗澡">婴儿洗澡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿食物安全" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant food safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿食物安全（页面不存在）">婴儿食物安全</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_food_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Infant food safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant food safety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%A5%B6%E7%B2%89" title="配方奶粉">婴儿配方奶粉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%8C%89%E6%91%A9" title="婴儿按摩">婴儿按摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB" title="婴儿营养">婴儿营养</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E5%84%BF%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%AA%98%E8%BF%AB%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81" title="新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征">新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿睡眠训练" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="infant sleep training"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E8%AE%AD%E7%BB%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿睡眠训练（页面不存在）">婴儿睡眠训练</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/infant_sleep_training" class="extiw" title="en:infant sleep training"><span lang="en" dir="auto">infant sleep training</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E6%B7%B1%E5%88%87%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E9%83%A8" title="初生嬰兒深切治療部">初生嬰兒深切治療部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E8%A1%A5%E6%B6%B2" title="口服补液">口服补液</a>/<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电解质水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pedialyte"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电解质水（页面不存在）">电解质水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedialyte" class="extiw" title="en:Pedialyte"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pedialyte</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新生儿护理及安全" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newborn care and safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E5%84%BF%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新生儿护理及安全（页面不存在）">新生儿护理及安全</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newborn_care_and_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Newborn care and safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newborn care and safety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%85%92%E7%A7%91" title="小兒科">小兒科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E7%94%A2" title="早產">早产</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E6%80%A7%E9%A0%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%89%B5%E5%82%B7" title="虐待性頭部創傷">虐待性頭部創傷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86%E9%85%8D%E6%96%B9" title="大豆配方">大豆配方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E7%8C%9D%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%87" title="嬰兒猝死症">嬰兒猝死症</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">发展</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亲密育儿法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Attachment parenting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%B2%E5%AF%86%E8%82%B2%E5%84%BF%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亲密育儿法（页面不存在）">亲密育儿法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attachment_parenting" class="extiw" title="en:Attachment parenting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Attachment parenting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿自动断奶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby-led weaning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%AD%E5%A5%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿自动断奶（页面不存在）">婴儿自动断奶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby-led_weaning" class="extiw" title="en:Baby-led weaning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby-led weaning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="提倡母乳哺育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Breastfeeding promotion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%90%E5%80%A1%E6%AF%8D%E4%B9%B3%E5%93%BA%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="提倡母乳哺育（页面不存在）">提倡母乳哺育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding_promotion" class="extiw" title="en:Breastfeeding promotion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Breastfeeding promotion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="儿语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby talk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儿语（页面不存在）">儿语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_talk" class="extiw" title="en:Baby talk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby talk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E7%89%99%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="牙牙學語">咿呀语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%A8%A9" title="分娩">分娩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D" title="先天性障碍">先天性障礙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿爬行" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crawling (human)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E7%88%AC%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿爬行（页面不存在）">婴儿爬行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawling_(human)" class="extiw" title="en:Crawling (human)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crawling (human)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿视觉发展" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant visual development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿视觉发展（页面不存在）">婴儿视觉发展</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_visual_development" class="extiw" title="en:Infant visual development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant visual development</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E5%B8%83%E7%96%B9" title="尿布疹">尿布疹</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="妊娠年龄" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gestational age"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="妊娠年龄（页面不存在）">妊娠年龄</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_age" class="extiw" title="en:Gestational age"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gestational age</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿认知发育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant cognitive development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿认知发育（页面不存在）">婴儿认知发育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_cognitive_development" class="extiw" title="en:Infant cognitive development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant cognitive development</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="袋鼠护理法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kangaroo care"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A2%8B%E9%BC%A0%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="袋鼠护理法（页面不存在）">袋鼠护理法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_care" class="extiw" title="en:Kangaroo care"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kangaroo care</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">妈妈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E6%AD%8C" title="兒歌">兒歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94%E6%81%86%E5%AD%98" title="物體恆存">物體恆存</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E6%9C%AC" title="親本">父母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%81%B7%E6%95%99%E9%A4%8A" title="親職教養">親職教養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%B2%E7%8C%AB%E7%8C%AB" title="躲猫猫">躲猫猫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E8%80%8D" title="玩耍">玩耍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A7%E5%89%8D%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2" title="产前发育">产前发育</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="出牙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Teething"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BA%E7%89%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="出牙（页面不存在）">出牙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teething" class="extiw" title="en:Teething"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Teething</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AD" title="哭">哭泣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%A5%B6" title="斷奶">断奶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">社会化与文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E9%99%84%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="依附理論">依附</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="临时保姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Babysitting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E4%BF%9D%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="临时保姆（页面不存在）">临时保姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babysitting" class="extiw" title="en:Babysitting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Babysitting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" title="虐待兒童">虐待儿童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3%E6%92%AB%E9%A4%8A%E6%AC%8A" title="子女撫養權">子女撫養權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="兒童人權">儿童人权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="兒童權利公約">兒童權利公約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B2%E7%A6%AE" title="割禮">割禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E7%85%A7%E9%A1%A7" title="兒童照顧">兒童照顧</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E7%A8%9A%E5%9C%92" title="幼稚園">托儿所</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E9%A4%8A" title="寄養">寄养</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祖父母探视" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grandparent visitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%8E%A2%E8%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖父母探视（页面不存在）">祖父母探视</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandparent_visitation" class="extiw" title="en:Grandparent visitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grandparent visitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿游泳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant swimming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿游泳（页面不存在）">婴儿游泳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_swimming" class="extiw" title="en:Infant swimming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant swimming</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%B3%E6%8D%90%E7%8D%BB" title="人乳捐獻">母乳银行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%93%E5%A7%86" title="褓姆">保姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%AF%8D" title="乳母">奶妈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E6%9C%88%E5%AD%90" title="坐月子">坐月子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E7%AF%80" title="跳嬰兒節">跳婴儿节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E5%85%92%E7%A6%AE" title="洗兒禮">洗儿礼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">婴儿护理和设备</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跳跳椅" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby jumper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%B3%E8%B7%B3%E6%A4%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跳跳椅（页面不存在）">跳跳椅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_jumper" class="extiw" title="en:Baby jumper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby jumper</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿安全门" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby gate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E9%97%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿安全门（页面不存在）">婴儿安全门</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_gate" class="extiw" title="en:Baby gate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby gate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿监视器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby monitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E7%9B%91%E8%A7%86%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿监视器（页面不存在）">婴儿监视器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_monitor" class="extiw" title="en:Baby monitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby monitor</span></a></span>）</span></span>/<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="隐藏摄像机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hidden camera"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%90%E8%97%8F%E6%91%84%E5%83%8F%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隐藏摄像机（页面不存在）">隐藏摄像机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_camera" class="extiw" title="en:Hidden camera"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hidden camera</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%B1%E5%AD%90%E7%B2%89" title="痱子粉">婴儿爽身粉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿香波" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby shampoo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E9%A6%99%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿香波（页面不存在）">婴儿香波</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_shampoo" class="extiw" title="en:Baby shampoo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby shampoo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E7%8E%A9%E5%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿玩具（页面不存在）">婴儿玩具</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A5%E8%BB%8A" title="學步車">學步車</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="围嘴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bib (garment)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%B4%E5%98%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="围嘴（页面不存在）">围嘴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bib_(garment)" class="extiw" title="en:Bib (garment)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bib (garment)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%8D%83" title="秋千">婴儿秋千</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="載運嬰兒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby transport"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%89%E9%81%8B%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="載運嬰兒（页面不存在）">載運嬰兒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_transport" class="extiw" title="en:Baby transport"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby transport</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摇篮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bassinet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%96%E7%B1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="搖籃">摇篮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassinet" class="extiw" title="en:Bassinet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bassinet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%BA%A7%E6%A4%85" title="兒童安全座椅">儿童安全座椅</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布尿布" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cloth diaper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BF%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布尿布（页面不存在）">布尿布</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloth_diaper" class="extiw" title="en:Cloth diaper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cloth diaper</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摇篮板" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cradle board"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%87%E7%AF%AE%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摇篮板（页面不存在）">摇篮板</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_board" class="extiw" title="en:Cradle board"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cradle board</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%89%87" title="尿片">尿布</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尿布袋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diaper bag"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E5%B8%83%E8%A2%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尿布袋（页面不存在）">尿布袋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaper_bag" class="extiw" title="en:Diaper bag"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diaper bag</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿湿巾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby wipes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%B9%BF%E5%B7%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿湿巾（页面不存在）">婴儿湿巾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_wipes" class="extiw" title="en:Baby wipes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby wipes</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈伯曼奶瓶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haberman Feeder"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%A5%B6%E7%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈伯曼奶瓶（页面不存在）">哈伯曼奶瓶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haberman_Feeder" class="extiw" title="en:Haberman Feeder"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haberman Feeder</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高脚椅" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Highchair"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%84%9A%E6%A4%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高脚椅（页面不存在）">高脚椅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highchair" class="extiw" title="en:Highchair"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Highchair</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E5%BA%8A" title="嬰兒床">婴儿床</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿提篮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant carrier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%8F%90%E7%AF%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿提篮（页面不存在）">婴儿提篮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_carrier" class="extiw" title="en:Infant carrier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant carrier</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿装" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant clothing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E8%A3%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿装（页面不存在）">婴儿装</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_clothing" class="extiw" title="en:Infant clothing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant clothing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E5%98%B4" title="奶嘴">奶嘴</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="游戏围栏" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Playpen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E5%9B%B4%E6%A0%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="游戏围栏（页面不存在）">游戏围栏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playpen" class="extiw" title="en:Playpen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Playpen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E8%BB%8A" title="嬰兒車">嬰兒車</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="辅助喂奶器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Supplemental nursing system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E5%96%82%E5%A5%B6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="辅助喂奶器（页面不存在）">辅助喂奶器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplemental_nursing_system" class="extiw" title="en:Supplemental nursing system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Supplemental nursing system</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="襁褓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Swaddling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%81%E8%A4%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="襁褓（页面不存在）">襁褓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaddling" class="extiw" title="en:Swaddling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Swaddling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="游泳尿裤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Swim diaper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3%E5%B0%BF%E8%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="游泳尿裤（页面不存在）">游泳尿裤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swim_diaper" class="extiw" title="en:Swim diaper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Swim diaper</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E7%89%99%E8%86%A0" title="嬰兒牙膠">嬰兒牙膠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旅行床" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Travel cot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E5%BA%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旅行床（页面不存在）">旅行床</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_cot" class="extiw" title="en:Travel cot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Travel cot</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迎婴聚会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baby shower"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%8E%E5%A9%B4%E8%81%9A%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迎婴聚会（页面不存在）">迎婴聚会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_shower" class="extiw" title="en:Baby shower"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baby shower</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿更衣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Babywearing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%9B%B4%E8%A1%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿更衣（页面不存在）">婴儿更衣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babywearing" class="extiw" title="en:Babywearing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Babywearing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E5%BF%BD%E7%85%A7%E9%A1%A7%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏忽照顧兒童（页面不存在）">疏忽照顧兒童</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="秘密收养" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Closed adoption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%94%B6%E5%85%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秘密收养（页面不存在）">秘密收养</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_adoption" class="extiw" title="en:Closed adoption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Closed adoption</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哭泣室" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cry room"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%AD%E6%B3%A3%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哭泣室（页面不存在）">哭泣室</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry_room" class="extiw" title="en:Cry room"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cry room</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婴儿耳穿孔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infant ear piercing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E8%80%B3%E7%A9%BF%E5%AD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婴儿耳穿孔（页面不存在）">婴儿耳穿孔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_ear_piercing" class="extiw" title="en:Infant ear piercing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infant ear piercing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="合法领养" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Open adoption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E6%B3%95%E9%A2%86%E5%85%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合法领养（页面不存在）">合法领养</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_adoption" class="extiw" title="en:Open adoption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Open adoption</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="产前可卡因摄入" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prenatal cocaine exposure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A7%E5%89%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%A0%E6%91%84%E5%85%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="产前可卡因摄入（页面不存在）">产前可卡因摄入</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_cocaine_exposure" class="extiw" title="en:Prenatal cocaine exposure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prenatal cocaine exposure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新生儿虚脱综合征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neonatal withdrawal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E5%84%BF%E8%99%9A%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新生儿虚脱综合征（页面不存在）">新生儿虚脱综合征</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_withdrawal" class="extiw" title="en:Neonatal withdrawal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neonatal withdrawal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="父母对儿童绑架" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parental child abduction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E5%AF%B9%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E7%BB%91%E6%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="父母对儿童绑架（页面不存在）">父母对儿童绑架</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_child_abduction" class="extiw" title="en:Parental child abduction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parental child abduction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="父母的权责" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parental responsibility (access and custody)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%83%E8%B4%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="父母的权责（页面不存在）">父母的权责</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_responsibility_(access_and_custody)" class="extiw" title="en:Parental responsibility (access and custody)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parental responsibility (access and custody)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="养育计划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parenting plan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%BB%E8%82%B2%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="养育计划（页面不存在）">养育计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenting_plan" class="extiw" title="en:Parenting plan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parenting plan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亲子诈骗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paternity fraud"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%B2%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%88%E9%AA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亲子诈骗（页面不存在）">亲子诈骗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternity_fraud" class="extiw" title="en:Paternity fraud"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paternity fraud</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E5%AD%90%E9%89%B4%E5%AE%9A" title="亲子鉴定">亲子鉴定</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界促进母乳喂养行动联盟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BF%83%E8%BF%9B%E6%AF%8D%E4%B9%B3%E5%96%82%E5%85%BB%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界促进母乳喂养行动联盟（页面不存在）">世界促进母乳喂养行动联盟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Alliance_for_Breastfeeding_Action" class="extiw" title="en:World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=母親&oldid=84536606">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=母親&oldid=84536606</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a 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