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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types and locations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_and_locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farm_wineries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farm_wineries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Farm wineries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farm_wineries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micro-winery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micro-winery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Micro-winery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micro-winery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_winery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_winery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Urban winery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_winery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winery_wastewater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winery_wastewater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Winery wastewater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winery_wastewater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Winery</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%A9" title="منبذة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منبذة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Винарна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Винарна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celler_(vi)" title="Celler (vi) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Celler (vi)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weingut" title="Weingut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weingut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veinikoda" title="Veinikoda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Veinikoda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodega_(vitivinicultura)" title="Bodega (vitivinicultura) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bodega (vitivinicultura)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinbieno" title="Vinbieno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vinbieno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upategi" title="Upategi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Upategi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="شراب‌خانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شراب‌خانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domaine_viticole" title="Domaine viticole – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Domaine viticole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EB%A6%AC" title="와이너리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="와이너리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinarija" title="Vinarija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vinarija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_vinicola" title="Casa vinicola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Casa vinicola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%91" title="יקב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יקב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მარანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B0%D9%87" title="منبذه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منبذه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijngoed" title="Wijngoed – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wijngoed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ワイナリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワイナリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ving%C3%A5rd" title="Vingård – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vingård" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagar" title="Lagar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lagar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C4%83rie" title="Vinărie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vinărie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Винодельческое хозяйство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Винодельческое хозяйство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veraria" title="Veraria – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Veraria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winery" title="Winery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Winery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinarija" title="Vinarija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vinarija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineri" title="Vineri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vineri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earaphane" title="Şaraphane – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şaraphane" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קעלטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קעלטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92%E8%8E%8A" title="葡萄酒莊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄酒莊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%92%E8%8E%8A" title="酒莊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酒莊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NorCal2018_-020_Sterling_Vineyards_-_Wine_Barrels_-_Napa_Valley_-S0240208.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/NorCal2018_-020_Sterling_Vineyards_-_Wine_Barrels_-_Napa_Valley_-S0240208.jpg/220px-NorCal2018_-020_Sterling_Vineyards_-_Wine_Barrels_-_Napa_Valley_-S0240208.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/NorCal2018_-020_Sterling_Vineyards_-_Wine_Barrels_-_Napa_Valley_-S0240208.jpg/330px-NorCal2018_-020_Sterling_Vineyards_-_Wine_Barrels_-_Napa_Valley_-S0240208.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/NorCal2018_-020_Sterling_Vineyards_-_Wine_Barrels_-_Napa_Valley_-S0240208.jpg/440px-NorCal2018_-020_Sterling_Vineyards_-_Wine_Barrels_-_Napa_Valley_-S0240208.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Wine barrels</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>winery</b> is a building or property that produces <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a <a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_companies" title="Category:Wine companies">wine company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">warehouses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">bottling lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laboratory" title="Laboratory">laboratories</a>, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest known evidence of winemaking at a relatively large scale, if not evidence of actual wineries, has been found in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. In 2011 a team of archaeologists discovered a 6000 year old wine press in a cave in the <a href="/wiki/Areni" title="Areni">Areni</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and identified the site as a small winery.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, in the northern <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, jars over 7000 years old were discovered to contain tartaric acid crystals (a chemical marker of wine), providing evidence of winemaking in that region. Archaeological excavations in the southern <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Kvemo_Kartli" title="Kvemo Kartli">Kvemo Kartli</a> uncovered evidence of wine-making equipment (containers called <i><a href="/wiki/Qvevri" class="mw-redirect" title="Qvevri">qvevri</a></i>) dating back 8000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 the remnants of an 8000-year-old facility for large-scale production was found 20 miles south of <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Winery" title="Special:EditPage/Winery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lustau_003An2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lustau_003An2019.jpg/220px-Lustau_003An2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lustau_003An2019.jpg/330px-Lustau_003An2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lustau_003An2019.jpg/440px-Lustau_003An2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a> winery at <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Wineries typically employ <a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">winemakers</a> to produce various wines from <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> by following the <a href="/wiki/Wine_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine making">winemaking</a> process. This process involves the <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_food_processing" title="Fermentation in food processing">fermentation</a> of fruit, as well as blending and aging of the juice. The grapes may be from <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a> owned by the winery or may be brought in from other locations. Many wineries also give <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tours</a> and have <a href="/wiki/Cellar_door_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellar door (wine)">cellar doors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tasting_room" title="Tasting room">tasting rooms</a> where customers can <a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">taste wines</a> before they make a purchase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_and_locations">Types and locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types and locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lepaan_viinitila.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lepaan_viinitila.jpg/220px-Lepaan_viinitila.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lepaan_viinitila.jpg/330px-Lepaan_viinitila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lepaan_viinitila.jpg/440px-Lepaan_viinitila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The winery of the Lepaa campus in <a href="/wiki/Hattula" title="Hattula">Hattula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>While some associate wineries with large winemaking regions such as <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa Valley</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Valley" title="Sonoma Valley">Sonoma Valley</a> in California, the <a href="/wiki/Barossa_Valley_(wine)" title="Barossa Valley (wine)">Barossa Valley</a> in Australia or the legendary wine regions of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine_regions" title="Bordeaux wine regions">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Burgundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(wine_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne (wine region)">Champagne</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, wineries can be found nearly everywhere. The east coast of the United States also has winemaking regions like New York's Finger Lakes region, <a href="/wiki/Aquidneck_Island" title="Aquidneck Island">Aquidneck Island</a>, RI and Long Island, NY and Cape May, NJ. Wineries do not have to be located adjacent to vineyards; grapes can be shipped anywhere. In addition, people make wine out of <a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">other fruits and plants</a> (dandelion wine, apple wine, strawberry wine, honey wine, passion fruit wine), so these specialty wineries tend to pop up where the other substances are grown. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_wine" title="Hawaii wine">winery in Hawaii</a> produces pineapple wine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Farm_wineries">Farm wineries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Farm wineries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napa_Vineyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Napa_Vineyard.jpg/220px-Napa_Vineyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Napa_Vineyard.jpg/330px-Napa_Vineyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Napa_Vineyard.jpg/440px-Napa_Vineyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Farm winery vineyard in <a href="/wiki/Napa,_California" title="Napa, California">Napa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A class of winery license known as the farm winery allows farms to produce and sell wines on site. Farm wineries differ from commercial wineries in that the fruit which is the source of the wine is usually produced on the farm, and the final product is also sold on the farm. States such as <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> have given a special permit to open a satellite store in a tourist area. New York's passing of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Farm_Winery_Act_of_1976" title="New York Farm Winery Act of 1976">Farm Winery Act of 1976</a> set an example for other states to pass similar laws. </p><p>Farm wineries usually operate at a smaller scale than commercial wineries. Farm wineries are a form of value added marketing, known as agritourism, for farmers who may otherwise struggle to show a profit.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Micro-winery">Micro-winery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Micro-winery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>micro-winery</b> can either be at a small farm vineyard is a small <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> producer or may not have its own <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyard</a>, and instead sources its <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> product from outside suppliers. The concept is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Microbrewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbrewery">microbrewery</a>, in that small batches of product are made primarily for local consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept of the micro-winery is not as easily accepted as that of the microbrewery, however, as the general public has been conditioned to associate a winery as having a vineyard. A winery uses similar wine-making equipment as a major commercial winery, just on a smaller scale. Glass <a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">carboys</a> and sanitary <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> pails are often seen in the facilities of a micro-winery. Typically, each batch of wine yields 23 Liters (6 US gallons). One of the primary differences of a micro-winery as compared to a typical winery is that a micro-winery is typically able to offer a wider range of wines; as it is not tied to the grapes it grows. New York State provides a specific micro-winery license<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that requires the microwinery to purchase local ingredients. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_winery">Urban winery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Urban winery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Winery" title="Special:EditPage/Winery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>urban winery</b> is a recent phenomenon whereby a <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> producer chooses to locate their <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> facility in an urban setting within a city rather than in the traditional rural setting near the <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With advances in technology and transportation, it is not a problem for an urban winery to grow their grapes in a remote location and then transport them to the urban facility for crushing, <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (wine)">fermentation</a> and aging. Urban wineries have been opened in cities across the United States including San Francisco; Sacramento; Portland, Oregon; Seattle;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frederick, Maryland; New York; Cincinnati; San Diego; and Los Angeles to name a few. Wilridge Winery was the first urban winery in Seattle.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Winery_wastewater">Winery wastewater</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Winery wastewater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Winery" title="Special:EditPage/Winery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Winery wastewater is primarily generated during the cleaning of winemaking equipment and facilities. The quantity and quality of wastewater shows seasonal variations. Wastewater handling involves collection, possible treatment, then disposal and/or reuse. </p><p>Peak wastewater generation occurs during the "crush", in other words, when grapes are actively being processed into juice for fermentation. This process requires large amounts of clean water and results in a high wastewater output. To a lesser degree, wastewater is produced if boilers or water conditioning equipment is used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/15px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/22px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Hall; Eliso Kvavadze; David Maghradze; Nana Rusishvili; Laurent Bouby; Osvaldo Failla; Gabriele Cola; Luigi Mariani; Elisabetta Boaretto; Roberto Bacilieri; Patrice This; Nathan Wales; David Lordkipanidze (13 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5715782">"Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. <b>114</b> (48): E10309–E10318. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PNAS..11410309M">2017PNAS..11410309M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1714728114">10.1073/pnas.1714728114</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5715782">5715782</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29133421">29133421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=Early+Neolithic+wine+of+Georgia+in+the+South+Caucasus&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=E10309-E10318&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5715782%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29133421&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1714728114&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PNAS..11410309M&rft.au=Patrick+McGovern&rft.au=Mindia+Jalabadze&rft.au=Stephen+Batiuk&rft.au=Michael+P.+Callahan&rft.au=Karen+E.+Smith&rft.au=Gretchen+R.+Hall&rft.au=Eliso+Kvavadze&rft.au=David+Maghradze&rft.au=Nana+Rusishvili&rft.au=Laurent+Bouby&rft.au=Osvaldo+Failla&rft.au=Gabriele+Cola&rft.au=Luigi+Mariani&rft.au=Elisabetta+Boaretto&rft.au=Roberto+Bacilieri&rft.au=Patrice+This&rft.au=Nathan+Wales&rft.au=David+Lordkipanidze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5715782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeron2010" class="citation news cs1">Heron, Katrina (16 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/17/dining/17napa.html">"Napa Wineries Seek Direct-to-Buyer Sales"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> – via www.nytimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Napa+Wineries+Seek+Direct-to-Buyer+Sales&rft.date=2010-02-16&rft.aulast=Heron&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F02%2F17%2Fdining%2F17napa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/finger-lakes-wines">"Finger Lakes Wines"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> – via www.nytimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Finger+Lakes+Wines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Ftopic%2Fsubject%2Ffinger-lakes-wines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suntimes.com/lifestyles/food/4548750-423/new-york-micro-winery-makes-its-home-in-the-loop.html">Chicago Sun-Times</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.onecle.com/new-york/alcoholic-beverage-control/ABC076-F_76-F.html">"New York Alcoholic Beverage Control Section 76-f - Roadside Farm Market License. - New York Attorney Resources - New York Laws"</a>. <i>law.onecle.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=law.onecle.com&rft.atitle=New+York+Alcoholic+Beverage+Control+Section+76-f+-+Roadside+Farm+Market+License.+-+New+York+Attorney+Resources+-+New+York+Laws&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.onecle.com%2Fnew-york%2Falcoholic-beverage-control%2FABC076-F_76-F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cntraveler.com/story/urban-wine-trails-are-popping-up-across-the-us-from-seattle-to-brooklyn">"Urban Wine Trails Are Popping Up Across the U.S., from Seattle to Brooklyn"</a>. <i>Condé Nast Traveler</i>. 2021-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cond%C3%A9+Nast+Traveler&rft.atitle=Urban+Wine+Trails+Are+Popping+Up+Across+the+U.S.%2C+from+Seattle+to+Brooklyn&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cntraveler.com%2Fstory%2Furban-wine-trails-are-popping-up-across-the-us-from-seattle-to-brooklyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattlemet.com/eat-and-drink/best-seattle-wineries-in-washington-state">"A Guide to Seattle's Best Urban Wineries"</a>. <i>Seattle Met</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Met&rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+Seattle%27s+Best+Urban+Wineries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattlemet.com%2Feat-and-drink%2Fbest-seattle-wineries-in-washington-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madisonparktimes.com/Content/On-the-Town/Out-About/Article/Seattle-s-oldest-winery-turns-25/42/314/28943">"Seattle's oldest winery turns 25"</a>. <i>madisonparktimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=madisonparktimes.com&rft.atitle=Seattle%27s+oldest+winery+turns+25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadisonparktimes.com%2FContent%2FOn-the-Town%2FOut-About%2FArticle%2FSeattle-s-oldest-winery-turns-25%2F42%2F314%2F28943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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