CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917cd9470bf93dad',cH: 'wmW4QuYb7RZxJ8wMOvtyZrBMtvMgWflyUyiPC_q2Tng-1740540545-1.2.1.1-XN3seHHRlmVBhMVmpDcxEuKbSn_UZwMivKfyxticYBshwwQICYcf0pVf2D4zvNQX',cUPMDTk: "\/7182\/json?__cf_chl_tk=kWH3vyvgFHGj7RioMkUZsJPY1V92kNfP6.6AiThFbXA-1740540545-1.0.1.1-zft0DnUbjcfrtKVzoQX8MbiydxrGMZlBVz_.VIbuesc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740540545',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/7182\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=kWH3vyvgFHGj7RioMkUZsJPY1V92kNfP6.6AiThFbXA-1740540545-1.0.1.1-zft0DnUbjcfrtKVzoQX8MbiydxrGMZlBVz_.VIbuesc",md: "YbuLO0OSDsXTK6g6l94R7tvKo42sPzsheSMauLt.R4w-1740540545-1.2.1.1-ZxDsDokxf0ZUjufsgdZV4gvTDi963tivHCE5HMoXrVYEPAkNeA9aeEJ.cuCbijksrrQaQiEBeusbBDGR.o85wiqqHYR__CvqpKdZFzrzVwDvu22fGHtkXRmVEFoWCpWwS.jJe3I0nzF2so.OCiPz1AvHB7dc1ZfiK9qXw7q.3Nh_x3HEWmHcUguBj9fH5r7f3AF7IQF5i643ds1PeWJWP1sAlGSWepQXQMLg4TktqdtyELt4MsH0NAcdmC6QuUUhDLu_4unLnvY4v7RAwQLS59t3OpPd9FNN598XDfLN2.PmgYKvRh6W9fI28arHAt.6Pm6oOmdt.db.eyzLREMGNgKvNVgpTTRtxLVX8gb6R_xfk36OQplUlfg5iz08tOLVox8nWxDqCv_74QIOhwBlmRWV.xjqucIGW4H3tUsN.vYko14G80JpDoaXYMOvglMg1dJesuJmD8J7pzfCNqaecgbPzpyWqBKZqaC8wCPUgeYPIySYC_9TvpSBa8qmLyIP2vUoxDu7FRfv4B9hB7KC_VR951ij9hwvFISquSQr3tFI9o7sNR_UKLDExwNHPr1vIiWBWy5pRxV2A2VO3hihLKmsmTC1k23.ZE3nt4l.OPNPPRMvvBM763ApWMBu3T15.IX3EEYEtRCO.jxK02jGdIL18mjSK.M_jhGgmpj16m9Jc5rHazD3y7rvaYlxMObfedNfhhXkzW7ZqsqK4Tcm0wwwTtFjHY0Ik44OG374DUbyVJBXhpcuvJ7ly9LgGBpeGFp_.3RiD9mOYAumKT7qvRoNK4Bk6cIaJl8OWIu5TRt69aBzzQaRmDzuHm7MRg3w_pSXjrzdwmC.tyakXjLwgAtwVTlKEyHgSxnlAu8xkVXXfdtGlird4f4dDo63Jlyb2WfitvSKtSY2yFRlR_JBZLT.4XaQD0_dKBScYrFNhyoB8PBRwMAJ2rkvWbp95DQfbHRbtrunTvB1JtRCz3uUCyGiNKnmKrqNHF7LHImDaUlSUjfkg4Ln1iTiaIo4L77nyuTj5gEBQLyfIBzuf0UczVaSkP08mIpB4H2zXuhMcWqgIJlV4FRpUp8RT0s9zDdyawM8qPVM6jH7NL3HfJlrcdVMhJfwFUSE5tj_g4jiLvVsQBJycM58lDG72tE4h2nABRIoadVRcF1RS_akXCtbiB8iXITEVjVK7m6EipTC0eeEg33wk139l8YLEzE5E6aQ6WKH2p.NzPPXj.Y35RrbFWWgWJPwKwpju20giNZyKI.hDG0qWLnnuGNCLSzGldz21TBUFKFkb4cVhYvVem1fsYG8c0gP5.T3JVmNMrZePwkjyqXPldG.NYn8DPEcx7jlZ10UuLWu91nb4pkDJx1RKZvoOu.8dNxpxQQUUh8lv5hfXmFUYmHqYfjyb8NgKSaLPzea_yGqiCn.sfH31z1bqlZFQBtIkE76B.JdcKvaJwxrtg1RMTiTDl4L2d5WKNJsdbM__AjVG1sHeM13OldXcWAYA7aGMArjy2ECBKv9LvmniWdtVm6kFcGFfQ4mR1sZwPPYAAb6vRlwExZLQqh.26BdiNeXO22_LslJtLgsHqNhXCw6sE1mCFURPj5YoGNhCsKCHrbvdAKkvU02NmdHE.OGFqVOgqnOpYRlOtaC6Bvo8N8P01DHAFGTVyMnv5pzgAU3CP1IiMjdREfKLO1rFdjEmOvyE8A3vXgiSn_eQc3.xSpdABkg4ty.Y8kqfis4Ih._KXpOwbpqH0a_FWBOVlZACvTMWMJtayU9qCXHmOR0xXmdYZUGlYul20RBhSLbtfltXD2cgX9F3imu3UQs.bEDa1Y3rrRzjobb3lmzFnZRGwNv2VtP2xrVCLDP1S3vXw.XV5.aNu4iMRNKhNh1ueDrddppAnNv1oGE.BXTG8E",mdrd: ".ADBWGXJ9mw6BUYkFncYH_1bIAmHi8aeWw_sI.EcF2M-1740540545-1.2.1.1-4UKPCDdLzGputGR1Bnu0JGNRFdInCjuH0umZyEJy._9b6jn8leI60NuEtPbkDane0CCrjVtOY1N7V47QgBSttmbyyAhxytJYjE1f8HLlBFEa.wR_RqaoAxF9frOjC3UIyI9PkCiSf7T1e6M6GpPJqidJf.89y5tKbFTH8ClY7p3vq6tAkETjZP8q6C2i_44idsjzQSheRxv9Ju5Rdg_7eKlrlq6pW1CisxdSKN8tdDdTWZ2ZAZ0KZP2xy86YyU9_e7Olpz1GlzZB_kbxM7VnjGStdNUiLAlMnSgMVxIbkneR48WeUmIdqF3x_V1qgubesRUIzIAlFAvC60WkdLm7GPkN5VdkFMlgR_NVf2jmIR9wvv_PqYW1qcPUC0LMJ1PTgS7HP5vf5U7pCrsfnsbyY.0A7URTxft7JkeQIVtonJ9j6ZxwqQwQQ2V7pPe60iofxBbBJNBbaW2OgtLxjAXNzCMlzUVK8bRgZtNlhSP44eG1xUdqYeoEvp5wF0cx9OyWgVqdZJcNCVAPcTIbi8LtcCCszTyT.kbJBV2Cu9s3Ra7n1nutTg2q5bTCCPerXXGQtH8sRBIrgkneEXxR17PwI1u.Dp_AIOjQXvj_sg7EtYnli2q8DgzHSttAuCLVp1kAOlBNVIQRxS8HbjIfLjhOCAk61Ns1D3fS6KVYmT0Cw2wFQ5x6ifypVqP6liscv.MblJic_ZJb9vKy5IsFkubGKDeDJ.H6z_UWEUQtis.B31TzDtv0J5o6B14MThtfhUk7PKfNOeAbzzPo0pwTdKYqfh7dbM0Eqeu3ECB6lRzM7Ru_TfbBhv01Tuq8DyB6Ve0fw8VfJGklXgNkDDZ1j1uxu4Ah5cy7Tm1j8zBtEWJ7vwHvKxV4qjhRv2K6iFtECvb01z8Osf2FSnMz5VMKbQcvFchrliukp5potc4qWV6v4KrVbGb_OmDns39YivT7BVk8MToYxTqZzcg9OsiTHtt0C.UxPAKVGOXwUltJ93cK0pS79dgyORldUhk2lsicMnBOdfctukk3eqnRfiF1F5FO_wxh0roeeukCLv5Tq0Bj0yShVXmTJ40JE7lvgg6xcvOiE1_qBh8OLjQprtkkzcRDPBAqKNSGGQDxv.uAeArz.fdnuAVBKyyVVJyvISWh8MXCyDuxHf3gQxNx16F3QQkCOvQZzPpk2mVt5ob7PiXg7um3KduYL8TY1NWnLZDzu9XuZMlbkPHSi.RciQTCp81q4fNosq0JkOW3o5toPM_OnePLLTyE7SJvvf7q0qN0JaiCZdhSe8F4O6pZZkLsxjZUiDtTAab2fVqE.LId3u6HUpdntbYNoolNRBnYSMPczZkYfEQZn9DcCqYQgRTjb2JqPOz69pa1TYJJfvbjfr9U0RCKexdNgpqbSnqzLeENEOYsvMvj2cbAVQJaetsF_rgq2l6YOp5IbmUyk0d.ECdGqOWzH3tfWHFhPYWrorxR.X2.OISpTSiQ.VEQGyx3oVx3VyaHqrYA7SOvXb.OcIM7Xrr0VD.YREbMq76Cw4mIC9okqJSLYX0YdVcuSGNngIbMRgegIH1pXOWilE_moGbN83qq39k4I5zu0KjRGFxKbRgT6_qBHQTRSJtILar0esIyif8iYbJPHq05Kan4dNTNDYVq.bLXMFC_SxlvakUSJrz88IgACWqQPH7bQBLjmBhGKeL7oyQLZ6wSAnw8K84WF1ah0cH2vmDJO3ZS8q8KFaupqkBwXMo4vEcEbUGOshCHxYmvmaYwaL0Gt0wkbHr.4u_IRp84XV9rwJyPB9BRoToqsYkh06Up7baq_gs0BucUyXv9afnSPlYAbO7m9IcSR7g4HVKHLo.lhnZfXUqvPYntG7ruR0CYpH8t54A3einZuvztgctckd1r4dBkH_BzKakd7EbkSTmORkBx8r9.RcJrWe.aJ4lNAO5cKyRJdKqE6m5FMZetxIGj0HRRLOnp6NxpYQnYly5y06XA7zzCieblaEcLF8f1v_uF5HggR_6zRA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917cd9470bf93dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/7182\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=kWH3vyvgFHGj7RioMkUZsJPY1V92kNfP6.6AiThFbXA-1740540545-1.0.1.1-zft0DnUbjcfrtKVzoQX8MbiydxrGMZlBVz_.VIbuesc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>