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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shell_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shell_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Shell command</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Shell_command-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Shell command subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Shell_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Displaying_the_current_mask" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Displaying_the_current_mask"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Displaying the current mask</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Displaying_the_current_mask-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting_the_mask_using_octal_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_the_mask_using_octal_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Setting the mask using octal notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_the_mask_using_octal_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Octal_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Octal_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Octal codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Octal_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting_the_mask_using_symbolic_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_the_mask_using_symbolic_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Setting the mask using symbolic notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_the_mask_using_symbolic_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_line_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_line_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Command line examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_line_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mask_effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mask_effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mask effect</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mask_effect-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mask effect subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mask_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-How_the_mask_is_applied" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_the_mask_is_applied"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>How the mask is applied</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_the_mask_is_applied-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Exceptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Processes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mount_option" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mount_option"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mount option</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mount_option-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Umask" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask" title="Umask – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Umask" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask" title="Umask – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Umask" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask" title="Umask – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Umask" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask" title="Umask – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Umask" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask" title="Umask – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Umask" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask" title="Umask – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Umask" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Umask%22">"Umask"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Umask%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Umask%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Umask%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Umask%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Umask%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">umask</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">AT&T Bell Laboratories</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Various <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">commercial</a> developers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1978<span class="noprint">; 47 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1978</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">Command</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In computing, <b><code>umask</code></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">command</a> that determines the settings of a <a href="/wiki/Mask_(computing)" title="Mask (computing)">mask</a> that controls how <a href="/wiki/File_permissions" class="mw-redirect" title="File permissions">file permissions</a> are set for newly created files. It may also affect how the file permissions are changed explicitly. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> is also a <a href="/wiki/Function_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Function (computing)">function</a> that sets the mask, or it may refer to the mask itself, which is formally known as the <i><b>file mode creation mask</b></i>. The mask is a grouping of <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a>, each of which restricts how its corresponding permission is set for newly created files. The bits in the mask may be changed by invoking the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems, each file has a set of attributes that control who can read, write or execute it. When a program creates a file, the file permissions are restricted by the mask. If the mask has a bit set to "1", then the corresponding initial file permission will be <i>disabled</i>. A bit set to "0" in the mask means that the corresponding permission will be <i>determined by the program</i> and the <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a>. In other words, the mask acts as a last-stage filter that strips away permissions as a file is created; each bit that is set to a "1" strips away its corresponding permission. Permissions may be changed later by users and programs using <code><a href="/wiki/Chmod" title="Chmod">chmod</a></code>. </p><p>Each program (technically called a <a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a>) has its own mask and is able to change its settings using a function call. When the process is a <a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">shell</a>, the mask is set with the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command. When a shell or process launches a new process, the child process inherits the mask from its parent process. Generally, the mask only affects file permissions during the creation of new files and has no effect when file permissions are changed in existing files; however, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">chmod</code> command will check the mask when the mode options are specified using symbolic mode and a reference to a class of users is not specified. </p><p>The mask is stored as a group of bits. It may be represented as <a href="/wiki/Binary_code" title="Binary code">binary</a>, <a href="/wiki/File_permissions#Numeric_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="File permissions">octal</a> or <a href="/wiki/File_permissions#Symbolic_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="File permissions">symbolic</a> notation. The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command allows the mask to be set as octal (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0754</code>) or symbolic (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">u=,g=w,o=wx</code>) notation. </p><p>The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command is used with <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems, and the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> function is defined in the <a href="/wiki/POSIX.1" class="mw-redirect" title="POSIX.1">POSIX.1</a> specification. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mask, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command and the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> function were not part of the original implementation of <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>. The operating system evolved in a relatively small computer-center environment, where security was not an issue. It eventually grew to serve hundreds of users from different organizations. At first, developers made creation modes for key files more restrictive, especially for cases of actual security breaches, but this was not a general solution. The mask and the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command were introduced around 1978, in the seventh edition of the operating system,<sup id="cite_ref-UNIXseventh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNIXseventh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so it could allow sites, groups and individuals to choose their own defaults. The mask has since been implemented in most, if not all, of the contemporary implementations of Unix-like operating systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shell_command">Shell command</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shell command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a shell, the mask is set by using the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command. The syntax of the command is:<sup id="cite_ref-ATTumask_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATTumask-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span>-S<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span>maskExpression<span class="o">]</span> </pre></div> <p>(The items within the brackets are optional.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Displaying_the_current_mask">Displaying the current mask</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Displaying the current mask"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command is invoked without any arguments, it will display the current mask. The output will be in either <a href="/wiki/File_permissions#Numeric_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="File permissions">octal</a> or <a href="/wiki/File_permissions#Symbolic_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="File permissions">symbolic</a> notation, depending on the OS.<sup id="cite_ref-SUSumask_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUSumask-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most <a href="/wiki/Unix_shells" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix shells">shells</a>, but not the <a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a>, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-S</code> argument (i.e. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask -S</code>) will instruct <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> to display using symbolic notation. For example: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># display current value (as octal)</span> <span class="m">0022</span> $<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>-S<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># display current value symbolically</span> <span class="nv">u</span><span class="o">=</span>rwx,g<span class="o">=</span>rx,o<span class="o">=</span>rx </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting_the_mask_using_octal_notation">Setting the mask using octal notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Setting the mask using octal notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command is invoked with an octal argument, it will directly set the bits of the mask to that argument: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">007</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># set the mask to 007</span> $<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># display the mask (in octal)</span> <span class="m">0007</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 0 - special permissions (setuid | setgid | sticky )</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 0 - (u)ser/owner part of mask</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 0 - (g)roup part of mask</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 7 - (o)thers/not-in-group part of mask</span> $<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>-S<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># display the mask symbolically</span> <span class="nv">u</span><span class="o">=</span>rwx,g<span class="o">=</span>rwx,o<span class="o">=</span> </pre></div> <p>If fewer than 4 digits are entered, leading zeros are assumed. An error will result if the argument is not a valid octal number or if it has more than 4 digits.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three rightmost octal digits address the "owner", "group" and "other" user classes respectively. If a fourth digit is present, the leftmost (high-order) digit addresses three additional attributes, the <i><a href="/wiki/Setuid" title="Setuid">setuid bit</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Setgid" class="mw-redirect" title="Setgid">setgid bit</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Sticky_bit" title="Sticky bit">sticky bit</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Octal_codes">Octal codes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Octal codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Octal digit in<br /><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command</th> <th>Permissions the mask will<br />prohibit from being set during file creation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>0</code></td> <td>any permission may be set (read, write, execute) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>1</code></td> <td>setting of execute permission is prohibited (read and write) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>2</code></td> <td>setting of write permission is prohibited (read and execute) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>3</code></td> <td>setting of write and execute permission is prohibited (read only) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>4</code></td> <td>setting of read permission is prohibited (write and execute) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>5</code></td> <td>setting of read and execute permission is prohibited (write only) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>6</code></td> <td>setting of read and write permission is prohibited (execute only) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>7</code></td> <td>all permissions are prohibited from being set (no permissions) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting_the_mask_using_symbolic_notation">Setting the mask using symbolic notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Setting the mask using symbolic notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> is invoked using symbolic notation, it will modify or set the flags as specified by the <i>maskExpression</i> with the syntax: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent"> [<i>user-class-letters</i>] <i>operator</i> <i>permission-symbols</i></div> <p>Note that this syntax does not work when using the <a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a> due to the different behaviour of its built-in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command. </p><p>Multiple <i>maskExpressions</i> are separated by commas. </p><p>A space terminates the <i>maskExpression</i>(s). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/File_permissions" class="mw-redirect" title="File permissions">permissions</a> are applied to different user classes: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Letter</th> <th>Class</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>u</code></td> <td>user</td> <td>the owner </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>g</code></td> <td>group</td> <td>users who are members of the file's group </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>o</code></td> <td>others</td> <td>users who are not the owner of the file or members of the group </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>a</code></td> <td>all</td> <td>all three of the above, the same as <code>ugo</code>. (The default if no <i>user-class-letters</i> are specified in the <i>maskExpression</i>.) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>operator</i> specifies how the permission modes of the mask should be adjusted. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Operator</th> <th>Effect on the mask </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>+</code></td> <td>permissions specified are enabled, permissions that are not specified are unchanged. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>-</code></td> <td>permissions specified are prohibited from being enabled, permissions that are not specified are unchanged. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>=</code></td> <td>permissions specified are enabled, permissions that are not specified are prohibited from being enabled. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>permission-symbols</i> indicate which file permission settings are to be allowed or prohibited by the mask. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>r</code></td> <td>read</td> <td><b>r</b>ead a file or list a directory's contents </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>w</code></td> <td>write</td> <td><b>w</b>rite to a file or directory </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>x</code></td> <td>execute</td> <td>e<b>x</b>ecute a file or recurse a directory tree </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>X</code></td> <td>special execute</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Chmod#Symbolic_modes" title="Chmod">Symbolic modes</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>s</code></td> <td>setuid/gid</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/File_permissions" class="mw-redirect" title="File permissions">File permissions</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>t</code></td> <td>sticky</td> <td>See File permissions. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For example: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>u-w </pre></div> <p>Prohibit <b>w</b>rite permission from being set for the <b>u</b>ser. The rest of the flags in the mask are unchanged. </p><p>Example of multiple changes: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>u-w,g<span class="o">=</span>r,o+r </pre></div> <p>This would set the mask so that it would: </p> <ol><li>prohibit the <b>w</b>rite permission from being set for the <b>u</b>ser, while leaving the rest of the flags unchanged;</li> <li>allow the <b>r</b>ead permission to be enabled for the <b>g</b>roup, while prohibiting <b>w</b>rite and e<b>x</b>ecute permission for the <b>g</b>roup;</li> <li>allow the <b>r</b>ead permission to be enabled for <b>o</b>thers, while leaving the rest of the <b>o</b>ther flags unchanged.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_line_examples">Command line examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Command line examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here are more examples of using the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command to change the mask: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command issued</th> <th>How the mask will affect permissions of <i>subsequently</i> created files/directories </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask a+r</code></td> <td>allows read permission to be enabled for all user classes; the rest of the mask bits are unchanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask a-x</code></td> <td>prohibits enabling execute permission for all user classes; the rest of the mask bits are unchanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask a+rw</code></td> <td>allows read or write permission to be enabled for all user classes; the rest of the mask bits are unchanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask +rwx</code></td> <td>allows read, write or execute permission to be enabled for all user classes. (Note: On some UNIX platforms, this will restore the mask to a default.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask u=rw,go=</code></td> <td>allow read and write permission to be enabled for the owner, while prohibiting execute permission from being enabled for the owner; prohibit enabling any permissions for the group and others </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask u+w,go-w</code></td> <td>allow write permission to be enabled for the owner; prohibit write permission from being enabled for the group and others; </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask -S</code></td> <td>display the current mask in symbolic notation </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask 777</code></td> <td>disallow read, write, and execute permission for all (probably not useful because even owner cannot read files created with this mask!) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask 000</code></td> <td>allow read, write, and execute permission for all (potential security risk) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask 077</code></td> <td>allow read, write, and execute permission for the file's owner, but prohibit read, write, and execute permission for everyone else </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask 113</code></td> <td>allow read or write permission to be enabled for the owner and the group, but not execute permission; allow read permission to be enabled for others, but not write or execute permission </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>umask 0755</code></td> <td>equivalent to <code>u-rwx,go=w</code>. (The <code>0</code> specifies that the <i>special modes</i> (setuid, setgid, sticky) may be enabled.) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Example showing effect of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>-S<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Show the (frequently initial) setting </span> <span class="go">u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>gcc<span class="w"> </span>hello.c<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># compile and create executable file a.out</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>a.out<span class="w"> </span> <span class="go">-rwxr-xr-x 1 me developer 6010 Jul 10 17:10 a.out </span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="c1"># the umask prohibited Write permission for Group and Others</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>listOfMyFiles<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># output file created by redirection does not attempt to set eXecute</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>listOfMyFiles <span class="go">-rw-r--r-- 1 me developer 6010 Jul 10 17:14 listOfMyFiles </span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="c1"># the umask prohibited Write permission for Group and Others</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="c1">############################################################</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>u-w<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># remove user write permission from umask</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>-S <span class="go">u=rx,g=rx,o=rx</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>protectedListOfFiles <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>protectedListOfFiles <span class="go">-r--r--r-- 1 me developer 6010 Jul 10 17:15 protectedListOfFiles </span> <span class="gp">$ </span>rm<span class="w"> </span>protectedListOfFiles <span class="go">override r--r--r-- me/developer for protectedListOfFiles? </span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="c1"># warning that protectedListOfFiles is not writable, answering Y will remove the file</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="c1">#####################################################################################</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>g-r,o-r<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># removed group read and other read from mask</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span>-S <span class="go">u=rx,g=x,o=x</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>secretListOfFiles <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>secretListOfFiles <span class="go">-r-------- 1 me developer 6010 Jul 10 17:16 secretListOfFiles</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mask_effect">Mask effect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mask effect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mask is applied whenever a file is created. If the mask has a bit set to "1", that means the corresponding file permission will always be <i>disabled</i> when files are subsequently created. A bit set to "0" in the mask means that the corresponding permission will be <i>determined by the requesting process</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Operating_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating System">OS</a> when files are subsequently created. In other words, the mask acts as a last-stage filter that strips away permissions as a file is created; each bit that is set to a "1" strips away that corresponding permission for the file. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="How_the_mask_is_applied">How the mask is applied</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: How the mask is applied"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <caption>How digits in the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command appears in the mask and eventually affects a program's request for creating a file with e.g. full (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">rwx</code>) permissions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>digit in<br /> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command </th> <th> Binary in <br />the mask</th> <th> Negation <br />of mask</th> <th>Logical AND<br /> with "rwx" request<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>0</td> <td>000</td> <td>111</td> <td>rwx </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>1</td> <td>001</td> <td>110</td> <td>rw- </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>2</td> <td>010</td> <td>101</td> <td>r-x </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>3</td> <td>011</td> <td>100</td> <td>r-- </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>4</td> <td>100</td> <td>011</td> <td>-wx </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>5</td> <td>101</td> <td>010</td> <td>-w- </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>6</td> <td>110</td> <td>001</td> <td>--x </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-family:monospace;"> <td>7</td> <td>111</td> <td>000</td> <td>--- </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Programmatically, the mask is applied by the OS by first negating (complementing) the mask, and then performing a logical AND with the requested file mode. In the [probably] first UNIX manual to describe its function,<sup id="cite_ref-UNIXeighth_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNIXeighth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the manual says, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the actual mode... of the newly-created file is the logical and of the given mode and the complement of the argument. Only the low-order 9 bits of the mask (the protection bits) participate. In other words, the mask shows [indicates] the bits to be turned off when files are created.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>UNIX Eighth Edition Manual, Bell Labs UNIX (manual), AT&T Laboratories</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exceptions">Exceptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Exceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many operating systems do not allow a file to be created with execute permissions. In these environments, newly created files will always have execute permission disabled for all users. </p><p>The mask is generally only applied to functions that create a new file; however, there are exceptions. For example, when using <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> and <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> versions of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">chmod</code> to set the permissions of a file, and symbolic notation is used, and no user is specified, then the mask is applied to the requested permissions before they are applied to the file. For example: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0000</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>chmod<span class="w"> </span>+rwx<span class="w"> </span>filename <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>filename <span class="go">-rwxrwxrwx filename</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">umask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0022</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>chmod<span class="w"> </span>+rwx<span class="w"> </span>filename <span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>filename <span class="go">-rwxr-xr-x filename</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processes">Processes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Processes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each <a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a> has its own mask, which is applied whenever the process creates a new file. When a shell, or any other process, spawns a new process, the child process inherits the mask from its parent process.<sup id="cite_ref-manpages_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manpages-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the process is a <a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">shell</a>, the mask is changed by the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command. As with other processes, any process launched from the shell inherits that shell's mask. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mount_option">Mount option</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mount option"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, the <code>fat</code>, <code>hfs</code>, <code>hpfs</code>, <code>ntfs</code>, and <code>udf</code> <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> drivers support a <code>umask</code> <a href="/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab">mount option</a>, which controls how the disk information is mapped to permissions. This is not the same as the per-process mask described above, although the permissions are calculated in a similar way. Some of these file system drivers also support separate masks for files and directories, using mount options such as <code><a href="/wiki/Fmask" class="mw-redirect" title="Fmask">fmask</a></code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Unix" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Guide to Unix">Guide to Unix</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Unix/Commands" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Guide to Unix/Commands">Commands</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_system_permissions" class="mw-redirect" title="File system permissions">File system permissions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umask&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UNIXseventh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNIXseventh_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://man.cat-v.org/unix_7th/2/umask">"UNIX 7th Edition Manual, Bell Labs UNIX"</a>. <i>Manual</i>. AT&T Laboratories<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manual&rft.atitle=UNIX+7th+Edition+Manual%2C+Bell+Labs+UNIX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fman.cat-v.org%2Funix_7th%2F2%2Fumask&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmask" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ATTumask-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ATTumask_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlczak2019" class="citation web cs1">Olczak, Anatole (2019-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/korn-shell-unix/0201675234/0201675234_ch09lev1sec13.html">"Korn Shell: Unix and Linux Programming Manual"</a>. <i>Oreilly</i>. Addison-Wesley Professional<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oreilly&rft.atitle=Korn+Shell%3A+Unix+and+Linux+Programming+Manual&rft.date=2019-06-09&rft.aulast=Olczak&rft.aufirst=Anatole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreilly.com%2Flibrary%2Fview%2Fkorn-shell-unix%2F0201675234%2F0201675234_ch09lev1sec13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmask" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SUSumask-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUSumask_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xcu/umask.html">"umask"</a>, <i>The Single UNIX Specification, Version 2</i> (manual), The Open Group, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=umask&rft.btitle=The+Single+UNIX+Specification%2C+Version+2&rft.pub=The+Open+Group&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F007908799%2Fxcu%2Fumask.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmask" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Note:</b> Some programming languages require a prefix symbol in front of octal notation such as the digit 0, or the letters o or q. The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">umask</code> command does not use this type of prefix notation – only the octal digits are used.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Note:</b> Operating systems usually will also strip off execute permissions on newly created files.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNIXeighth-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNIXeighth_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://man.cat-v.org/unix_8th/2/umask">"UNIX 8th Edition Manual, Bell Labs UNIX"</a>. <i>Manual</i>. AT&T Laboratories<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manual&rft.atitle=UNIX+8th+Edition+Manual%2C+Bell+Labs+UNIX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fman.cat-v.org%2Funix_8th%2F2%2Fumask&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmask" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manpages-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manpages_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man2/umask.2.html">"umask(2)"</a>, <i>Linux Programmer's Manual release 3.32</i> (manual), Linux man-pages project, 9 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=umask%282%29&rft.btitle=Linux+Programmer%27s+Manual+release+3.32&rft.pub=Linux+man-pages+project&rft.date=2008-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kernel.org%2Fdoc%2Fman-pages%2Fonline%2Fpages%2Fman2%2Fumask.2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmask" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unix_commands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unix commands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unix_command-line_interface_programs_and_shell_builtins541" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> programs and <a href="/wiki/Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_(Unix)" title="Cat (Unix)">cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattr" title="Chattr">chattr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chmod" title="Chmod">chmod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chown" title="Chown">chown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chgrp" title="Chgrp">chgrp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmp_(Unix)" title="Cmp (Unix)">cmp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cp_(Unix)" title="Cp (Unix)">cp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dd_(Unix)" title="Dd (Unix)">dd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_(Unix)" title="Du (Unix)">du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Df_(Unix)" title="Df (Unix)">df</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(command)" title="File (command)">file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuser_(Unix)" title="Fuser (Unix)">fuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix)">ln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ls" title="Ls">ls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mv_(Unix)" title="Mv (Unix)">mv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(command)" title="Pax (command)">pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwd" title="Pwd">pwd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rm_(Unix)" title="Rm (Unix)">rm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(Unix)" title="Split (Unix)">split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tee_(command)" title="Tee (command)">tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(command)" title="Touch (command)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_(Unix)" title="Type (Unix)">type</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">umask</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_(command)" title="At (command)">at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_control_(Unix)#Commands" title="Job control (Unix)">bg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cron" title="Cron">crontab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_control_(Unix)#Commands" title="Job control (Unix)">fg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_(Unix)" title="Nice (Unix)">nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ps_(Unix)" title="Ps (Unix)">ps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_(Unix)" title="Time (Unix)">time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Env" title="Env">env</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesg" title="Mesg">mesg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_(software)" title="Talk (software)">talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tput" title="Tput">tput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_(Unix)" title="Who (Unix)">who</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_(Unix)" title="Write (Unix)">write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">awk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comm" title="Comm">comm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Csplit" title="Csplit">csplit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(Unix)" title="Cut (Unix)">cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_(text_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed (text editor)">ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_(text_editor)" title="Ex (text editor)">ex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fold_(Unix)" title="Fold (Unix)">fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(Unix)" title="Head (Unix)">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconv" title="Iconv">iconv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Join_(Unix)" title="Join (Unix)">join</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_(computer_language)" title="M4 (computer language)">m4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nl_(Unix)" title="Nl (Unix)">nl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix)">patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf_(Unix)" title="Printf (Unix)">printf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_(Unix)" title="Read (Unix)">read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(Unix)" title="Sort (Unix)">sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strings_(Unix)" title="Strings (Unix)">strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_(Unix)" title="Tail (Unix)">tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr_(Unix)" title="Tr (Unix)">tr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniq" title="Uniq">uniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_(text_editor)" title="Vi (text editor)">vi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wc_(Unix)" title="Wc (Unix)">wc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xargs" title="Xargs">xargs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">Shell builtins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_(command)" title="Alias (command)">alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_(Unix)" title="Test (Unix)">test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#unset_command" title="Environment variable">unset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait_(command)" title="Wait (command)">wait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Searching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Unix)" title="Find (Unix)">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar_(Unix)" title="Ar (Unix)">ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctags" title="Ctags">ctags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_(software)" title="Lex (software)">lex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_(software)" title="Make (software)">make</a></li> <li><a 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