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非洲 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-hans" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-35008513-1"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-35008513-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_path":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});gtag("config", "G-3Y7LHFS80F", {"groups":"default","page_location":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <meta name="description" content="说明 《2015年千年发展目标报告》指出，“非洲在实现8个千年发展目标方面实现了长足进步。在许多领域，特别是在与医疗卫生和教育有关的领域，撒哈拉以南非洲取得的进展在所有发展中区域中是最快的。与此同时，非洲大陆北部实现了许多具体目标，包括减少贫困和饥饿、普及初等教育、儿童和母亲健康以及卫生设施方面的具体目标。” 然而，仍有许多目标和具体目标尚未实现： ∙ 尽管2005-2013年撒哈拉以南非洲的儿童死亡率下降速度是1990-1995年的五倍，但该地区的儿童死亡率仍然是最高的。 ∙ 此外，撒哈拉以南非洲70%的人口仍未使用上得到改善的卫生设施，2015年41%的居民每天生活费仍不到1.25美元，2015年全球5 700万小学适龄失学儿童中，3 300万人生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区。 ∙ 在过去的二十年里，北非在妇女有偿就业方面没有任何改善，在非农业部门的有偿工作岗位中，妇女占比仍不到五分之一。 因此，《变革我们的世界：2030年可持续发展议程》承认“过去15年取得的进展参差不齐，非洲尤其如此，一些千年发展目标仍未实现”，并重申需要把重点放在非洲大陆，“承诺全面实现所有千年发展目标，包括尚未实现的目标，特别是根据相关支助方案，重点为最不发达国家和其他特殊处境国家提供更多援助。新议程巩固发展了千年发展目标，力求完成没有完成的目标，特别是帮助最弱势群体”。 《2030年议程》在具体目标4.b中强调，有必要“在全球范围内大幅增加为发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和非洲国家提供的高等教育奖学金数量，包括职业培训和信息通信技术、技术、工程、科学课程的奖学金”。 《2030年议程》还在具体目标9.a中承诺“向非洲国家、最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家提供更多的财政、技术和技能支持，以促进其开发有抵御灾害能力的可持续基础设施”。而其具体目标10.b呼吁“鼓励根据最需要帮助的国家，特别是最不发达国家、非洲国家、小岛屿发展中国家和内陆发展中国家的国家计划和方案，向其提供官方发展援助和资金，包括外国直接投资”。 背景信息 自里约热内卢联合国环境与发展会议(1992年)以来，可持续发展对许多非洲国家来说仍然遥不可及，贫困是一大挑战，荒漠化、毁林和气候变化是其主要威胁。 此外，2012年撒哈拉以南非洲只有15%的农村人口用上了电，非洲大陆严重缺乏重要的基础设施投资。秘书长的人人享有可持续能源倡议和可持续发展目标7确认，无法获得现代能源服务是可持续发展的严重障碍，并极大地加剧了非洲的贫困陷阱。 由非洲国家元首于2001年发起的非洲发展新伙伴关系(新伙伴关系)是非洲国家对这些威胁和挑战做作出的回应。新伙伴关系确实旨在提供一个所有非洲人共享的可持续发展框架，强调非洲国家之间以及非洲国家与国际社会之间伙伴关系的作用，并提出通过持续经济增长和可持续发展消除贫困的共同愿景。 非洲各国政府还通过使现有区域经济共同体合理化和加强非洲联盟的权力，加快了区域一体化的步伐，特别是在安全与和平管理领域。 国际社会支持这些努力，为各区域共同体提供了资金和技术援助，并提出了促进非洲发展的具体倡议。因此，国际货币基金组织和世界银行于1996年发起了重债穷国计划，提供债务减免和低息贷款，以将外债偿还减少到可持续的水平。根据重债穷国计划对已达到决策点的29个国家的名义偿债减免估计约为620亿美元，其中很大一部分使撒哈拉以南非洲国家受益。 特别对联合国而言，非洲一直是一个优先领域。秘书长2003年设立非洲问题特别顾问办公室(非洲顾问办)，2002年可持续发展问题世界首脑会议提出的《约翰内斯堡执行计划》(见第八章)将非洲可持续发展作为一个贯穿各领域的问题，均表明了这一点。 可持续发展的关联方法越来越受到重视，以寻求通过能源、医疗卫生、教育、水、食品、性别平等和经济增长等发展因素之间的联系实现协同增效。在这方面，作为2012年可持续发展大会(里约+20)后续行动的一部分，联合国经济和社会事务部(经社部)会同秘书长的人人享有可持续能源倡议、联合国能源机制和非洲经济委员会(非洲经委会)，于2013年12月4日至6日在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴举办了“农村能源获取：可持续发展和消除贫困的关联方法”全球会议。 有关这一主题的更多信息和文件，请访问此链接。 " /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sdgs.un.org/zh/topics/africa" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/porto/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> 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class="hidden"></div> </div> <section class="main-content col col-sm-12" id="content" role="main"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div id="block-porto-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-taxonomy-term view-id-taxonomy_term view-display-id-page_1 js-view-dom-id-0caf4abf860f69d62275fe473ab1944ebdc63cbeab431915e315f387c1c35a70"> <div class="view-header"> <article class="topics full clearfix"> <div class="jumbotron-event jumbotron-event-01" style="background: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)) center center / cover no-repeat, url(/sites/default/files/styles/topic_banner/public/2020-07/topics_1-africa-original.jpg.jpg?itok=ls5YiKIZ); background-size: cover;"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12"> <a class="event-link" href="/topics" role="button">专题</a> <h1 class="separator-bottom"> <div class="field field--name-name field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">非洲</div> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container goals-related-block"> <div class="heading-related row"> <div class="col-12"> <h3>相关可持续发展目标</h3> </div> </div> <div class="mb-5 row row-spacing"> <div class="card goal-related goal-10 col-12 col-sm-6 col-lg-4"> <a href="/zh/goals/goal10"> <div class="card-body"><span class="goal-number">10</span> <h4 class="goal-title">减少国家内部和国家之间的不平等 ...</h4> <img class="goal-logo" src="/sites/default/files/goals/image_logo_clean10008_36.jpg" /> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="tabs tabs-dark"> <div class="nav-tabs-un"> <div class="container"> <ul id="myTab" role="tablist" class="nav nav-tabs flex-column flex-lg-row"> <li class="nav-item"> <a id="说明-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#说明" role="tab" aria-controls="说明" aria-selected="true" class="nav-link active">说明</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div id="myTabContent" class="tab-content"> <div id="说明" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="说明-tab" class="tab-pane fade show active"> <div> <strong> </strong> </div> <div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p style="line-height:3; margin-right:84px; text-indent:-63.2pt; text-align:justify; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63.2pt"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">说明</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.4000000000000001; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px"><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/?page=view&type=400&nr=2036&menu=35" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">《2015年千年发展目标报告》</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">指出，“非洲在实现8个</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">千年发展目标</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">方面实现了长足进步。在许多领域，特别是在与医疗卫生和教育有关的领域，撒哈拉以南非洲取得的进展在所有发展中区域中是最快的。与此同时，非洲大陆北部实现了许多具体目标，包括减少贫困和饥饿、普及初等教育、儿童和母亲健康以及卫生设施方面的具体目标。”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">然而，仍有许多目标和具体目标尚未实现：</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.4000000000000001; text-indent:-21.55pt; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21.55pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">∙</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">尽管2005-2013年撒哈拉以南非洲的儿童死亡率下降速度是1990-1995年的五倍，但该地区的儿童死亡率仍然是最高的。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.4000000000000001; text-indent:-21.55pt; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21.55pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">∙</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">此外，撒哈拉以南非洲70%的人口仍未使用上得到改善的卫生设施，2015年41%的居民每天生活费仍不到1.25美元，2015年全球5 700万小学适龄失学儿童中，3 300万人生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.4000000000000001; text-indent:-21.55pt; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:24px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21.55pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">∙</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">在过去的二十年里，北非在妇女有偿就业方面没有任何改善，在非农业部门的有偿工作岗位中，妇女占比仍不到五分之一。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:16px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">因此，</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld." style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">《变革我们的世界：2030年可持续发展议程》</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">承认“过去15年取得的进展参差不齐，非洲尤其如此，一些千年发展目标仍未实现”，并重申需要把重点放在非洲大陆，“承诺全面实现所有千年发展目标，包括尚未实现的目标，特别是根据相关支助方案，重点为最不发达国家和其他特殊处境国家提供更多援助。新议程巩固发展了千年发展目标，力求完成没有完成的目标，特别是帮助最弱势群体”。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">《2030年议程》在具体目标4.b中强调，有必要“在全球范围内大幅增加为发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和非洲国家提供的高等教育奖学金数量，包括职业培训和信息通信技术、技术、工程、科学课程的奖学金”。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.2; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:16px"> </p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">《2030年议程》还在具体目标9.a中承诺“向非洲国家、最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家提供更多的财政、技术和技能支持，以促进其开发有抵御灾害能力的可持续基础设施”。而其具体目标10.b呼吁“鼓励根据最需要帮助的国家，特别是最不发达国家、非洲国家、小岛屿发展中国家和内陆发展中国家的国家计划和方案，向其提供官方发展援助和资金，包括外国直接投资”。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; margin-right:84px; text-indent:-63.35pt; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:8px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63.35pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">背景信息</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:21px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">自</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/milestones/unced%E3%80%82" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">里约热内卢联合国环境与发展会议(1992年)</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">以来，可持续发展对许多非洲国家来说仍然遥不可及，贫困是一大挑战，荒漠化、毁林和气候变化是其主要威胁。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:16px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">此外，2012年撒哈拉以南非洲只有15%的农村人口用上了电，非洲大陆严重缺乏重要的基础设施投资。</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/sdinaction/se4all%E3%80%82" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">秘书长的人人享有可持续能源倡议</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">和可持续发展目标7确认，无法获得现代能源服务是可持续发展的严重障碍，并极大地加剧了非洲的贫困陷阱。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:16px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">由非洲国家元首于2001年发起的</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.nepad.org/" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">非洲发展新伙伴关系(新伙伴关系)</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">是非洲国家对这些威胁和挑战做作出的回应。新伙伴关系确实旨在提供一个所有非洲人共享的可持续发展框架，强调非洲国家之间以及非洲国家与国际社会之间伙伴关系的作用，并提出通过持续经济增长和可持续发展消除贫困的共同愿景。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:32px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">非洲各国政府还通过使现有区域经济共同体合理化和加强非洲联盟的权力，加快了区域一体化的步伐，特别是在安全与和平管理领域。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">国际社会支持这些努力，为各区域共同体提供了资金和技术援助，并提出了促进非洲发展的具体倡议。因此，</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.imf.org/external/index.htm" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">国际货币基金组织</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">和</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/home" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">世界银行</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">于1996年发起了</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2013/121913.pdf" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">重债穷国计划</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">，提供债务减免和低息贷款，以将外债偿还减少到可持续的水平。根据重债穷国计划对已达到决策点的29个国家的名义偿债减免估计约为620亿美元，其中很大一部分使撒哈拉以南非洲国家受益。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.295; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"> </p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">特别对联合国而言，非洲一直是一个优先领域。秘书长2003年设立</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.un.org/en/africa/osaa/%E3%80%82" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">非洲问题特别顾问办公室(非洲顾问办)</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">，2002年</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/milesstones/wssd%E3%80%82" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">可持续发展问题世界首脑会议</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">提出的</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/WSSD_POI_PD/English/WSSD_PlanImpl.pdf" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">《约翰内斯堡执行计划》(见第八章)</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">将非洲可持续发展作为一个贯穿各领域的问题，均表明了这一点。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">可持续发展的关联方法越来越受到重视，以寻求通过能源、医疗卫生、教育、水、食品、性别平等和经济增长等发展因素之间的联系实现协同增效。在这方面，作为2012年</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/rio20%E3%80%82" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">可持续发展大会(里约+20)</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">后续行动的一部分，联合国经济和社会事务部(经社部)会同秘书长的人人享有可持续能源倡议、</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="http://un-energy.org/about/" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">联合国能源机制</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">和</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.uneca.org/" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">非洲经济委员会(非洲经委会)</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">，于2013年12月4日至6日在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴举办了</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/topics/energy/index.php?page=view&type=13&nr=489&menu=89%E3%80%82" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">“农村能源获取：可持续发展和消除贫困的关联方法”全球会议。</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></p> <p style="line-height:1.5999999999999999; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:16px"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">有关这一主题的更多信息和文件，</span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/africa" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">请访问此链接</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p 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