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Non-métal — Wikipédia
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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Propriétés_physiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriétés_physiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Propriétés physiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriétés_physiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typologie_des_non-métaux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typologie_des_non-métaux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Typologie des non-métaux</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Typologie_des_non-métaux-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Typologie des non-métaux</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Typologie_des_non-métaux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-métaux_polyatomiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-métaux_polyatomiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Non-métaux polyatomiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-métaux_polyatomiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-métaux_diatomiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-métaux_diatomiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Non-métaux diatomiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-métaux_diatomiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-métaux_monoatomiques_:_gaz_nobles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-métaux_monoatomiques_:_gaz_nobles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Non-métaux monoatomiques : gaz nobles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-métaux_monoatomiques_:_gaz_nobles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allotropie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allotropie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Allotropie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allotropie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaz_nobles,_halogènes_et_«_CHNOPS_»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaz_nobles,_halogènes_et_«_CHNOPS_»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gaz nobles, halogènes et « CHNOPS »</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaz_nobles,_halogènes_et_«_CHNOPS_»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Non-métal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 97 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemetaal" title="Niemetaal – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Niemetaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_metal" title="No metal – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="No metal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="अधातु – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अधातु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="لا فلز – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لا فلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="لافيليز – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لافيليز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non_metal" title="Non metal – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Non metal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeyri-metallar" title="Qeyri-metallar – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qeyri-metallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Неметалы – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неметалы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Немэтал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Немэтал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Неметал – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неметал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal_(%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="Nonmetal (ဓာတုဗေဒ) – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="Nonmetal (ဓာတုဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="অধাতু – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nemetal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-metall" title="No-metall – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="No-metall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AD-g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekovy" title="Nekovy – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nekovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Металмарри – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Металмарри" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfetel" title="Anfetel – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anfetel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikkemetal" title="Ikkemetal – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ikkemetal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nichtmetalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Αμέταλλα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμέταλλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nonmetal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemetalo" title="Nemetalo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nemetalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_metal" title="No metal – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="No metal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittemetallid" title="Mittemetallid – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mittemetallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ez-metal" title="Ez-metal – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ez-metal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7" title="نافلزها – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نافلزها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%A4metalli" title="Epämetalli – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Epämetalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nianmetal" title="Nianmetal – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nianmetal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non_metal" title="Non metal – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Non metal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepoti%27%E1%BB%B9" title="Kuarepoti'ỹ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepoti'ỹ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AE-k%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Fî-kîm-su̍k – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fî-kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA" title="אל-מתכת – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אל-מתכת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="अधातु – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अधातु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemetali" title="Nemetali – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nemetali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemf%C3%A9mek" title="Nemfémek – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemfémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B9_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ոչ մետաղներ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոչ մետաղներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetallo" title="Nonmetallo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nonmetallo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlogam" title="Nonlogam – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nonlogam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lmleysingi" title="Málmleysingi – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málmleysingi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non_metallo" title="Non metallo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Non metallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="非金属元素 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="非金属元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlogam" title="Nonlogam – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nonlogam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="არალითონები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არალითონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arasin" title="Arasin – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Arasin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бейметалдар – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бейметалдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಲೋಹಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲೋಹಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="비금속 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-metallum" title="Non-metallum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Non-metallum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minga_met%C3%A0j" title="Minga metàj – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Minga metàj" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemetalai" title="Nemetalai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nemetalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemet%C4%81li" title="Nemetāli – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nemetāli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Неметал – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неметал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="അലോഹം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലോഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Металл биш элемент – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Металл биш элемент" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="अधातु – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अधातु" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukan_logam" title="Bukan logam – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bukan logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Nonmetal" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichmetall" title="Nichmetall – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nichmetall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niet-metaal" title="Niet-metaal – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Niet-metaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikkje-metall" title="Ikkje-metall – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ikkje-metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikke-metall" title="Ikke-metall – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ikke-metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiilala(keemistirii)" title="Sibiilala(keemistirii) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiilala(keemistirii)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਅਧਾਤ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਧਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemetale" title="Niemetale – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niemetale" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A3o-metal" title="Não-metal – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Não-metal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mana_q%27illay" title="Mana q'illay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mana q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nemetal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Неметаллы – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неметаллы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Неметалы – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Неметалы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_mitallu" title="Nun mitallu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nun mitallu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemetali" title="Nemetali – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nemetali" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84" title="අලෝහ – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අලෝහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nonmetal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekov" title="Nekov – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nekov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekovina" title="Nekovina – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nekovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Ma_Ahe" title="Bir Ma Ahe – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bir Ma Ahe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jometali" title="Jometali – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jometali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Неметал – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неметал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icke-metall" title="Icke-metall – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Icke-metall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simetali" title="Simetali – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Simetali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அலோகம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82" title="అలోహం – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అలోహం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ғайрифилиззот – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ғайрифилиззот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" title="อโลหะ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อโลหะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ametal" title="Ametal – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ametal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Неметали – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неметали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallmaslar" title="Metallmaslar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metallmaslar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_kim" title="Phi kim – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phi kim" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="非金属元素 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="非金属元素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-nonmetal" title="I-nonmetal – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-nonmetal" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%98-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="נישט-מעטאל – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נישט-מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1%C3%ACj%E1%BA%B9%CC%81-m%E1%BA%B9%CC%81t%C3%A0l%C3%AC" title="Aláìjẹ́-mẹ́tàlì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Aláìjẹ́-mẹ́tàlì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="非金属元素 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非金属元素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="非金屬 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="非金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui-kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Hui-kim-sio̍k – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hui-kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="非金屬元素 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="非金屬元素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19600#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> 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connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" align="right" style="font-size:87%;line-height:1.6;margin:2px .5em;float:right;margin-right:0;background:none;padding:0;border:none;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="13">  </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_10_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 10 du tableau périodique">10</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique">11</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_12_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 12 du tableau périodique">12</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_13_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 13 du tableau périodique">13</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique">14</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène">15</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Chalcog%C3%A8ne" title="Chalcogène">16</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_17_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 17 du tableau périodique">17</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_18_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 18 du tableau périodique">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a> </td> <td colspan="16">  </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="10">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore">B</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">N</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="10">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">P</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">S</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore">Cl</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Ti</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome">Cr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">Mn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer">Fe</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Se</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome">Br</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène">Mo</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Ag</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">Sn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine">Sb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure">Te</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">I</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum">Ba</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF">* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)">Ta</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">W</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium">Re</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Pt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Au</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)">Hg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">Pb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate">At</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C">** </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse">Ts</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Ubn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE">⁂ </td> <td colspan="15">  </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>↓</td> <td colspan="15">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">La</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium">Ce</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme">Pr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme">Nd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:0;line-height:0"> <td colspan="17">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>** </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium">Am</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium">Md</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium">No</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:0;line-height:0"> <td colspan="17">  </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="2">⁂ </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium">Ubu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium">Ubb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium">Ubt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium">Ubq</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium">Ubp</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium">Ubh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium">Ubs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium">Ubo</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium">Ube</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium">Utn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium">Utu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium">Utb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium">Utt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium">Utq</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium">Utp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium">Uth</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium">Uts</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium">Uto</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium">Ute</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium">Uqn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium">Uqu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium">Uqb</a> </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" style="line-height:1">  </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left">Éléments hypothétiques </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium">Mt</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left">Nature chimique inconnue </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin">Métaux alcalins</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pauvre" title="Métal pauvre">Métaux pauvres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métaux alcalino-terreux</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore">B</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallo%C3%AFde" title="Métalloïde">Métalloïdes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métaux de transition</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Non-métaux</a> :</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">La</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a> (*) </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left">« <a href="/wiki/CHNOPS" title="CHNOPS">CHNOPS</a> » et <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a> (**) </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène">Halogènes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium">Ubu</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Superactinide" title="Superactinide">Superactinides</a> (⁂) </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">Gaz nobles</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Un <b>non-métal</b> est un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément chimique</a> dont les <a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">atomes</a> du <a href="/wiki/Corps_simple" title="Corps simple">corps simple</a> sont unis par des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_covalente" title="Liaison covalente">liaisons covalentes</a> ou des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_intermol%C3%A9culaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison intermoléculaire">liaisons intermoléculaires</a>, et non par des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_m%C3%A9tallique" title="Liaison métallique">liaisons métalliques</a>. Ce sont de bons <a href="/wiki/Isolant_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Isolant électrique">isolants électriques</a> et <a href="/wiki/Isolation_thermique" title="Isolation thermique">thermiques</a>, pour la plupart très <a href="/wiki/Volatilit%C3%A9_(chimie)" title="Volatilité (chimie)">volatils</a>, caractérisés par une <a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">masse volumique</a> plus faible et des températures de <a href="/wiki/Changement_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Changement d'état">changement d'état</a> généralement bien plus basses que celles des <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal">métaux</a>, à l'exception notable du <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>. Leur <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">énergie d'ionisation</a> et leur <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité">électronégativité</a> sont élevées, leurs <a href="/wiki/Oxyde" title="Oxyde">oxydes</a> sont <a href="/wiki/Acide" title="Acide">acides</a>, et ils forment des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_ionique" title="Liaison ionique">liaisons ioniques</a> avec les métaux, acquérant ou mettant en commun des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron" title="Électron">électrons</a> lorsqu'ils réagissent avec d'autres éléments ou d'autres <a href="/wiki/Compos%C3%A9_chimique" title="Composé chimique">composés</a>. À l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">état solide</a>, ils présentent des surfaces ternes ou faiblement brillantes (bien que celles de l'<a href="/wiki/Diiode" title="Diiode">iode</a> aient des reflets métalliques), sont plutôt fragiles et cassants (à l'exception notable du carbone <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>) et sont dépourvus de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lasticit%C3%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="Élasticité">élasticité</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Mall%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9" title="Malléabilité">malléabilité</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/Ductilit%C3%A9" title="Ductilité">ductilité</a> caractéristiques des métaux. </p><p>Dans le <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">tableau périodique</a>, les non-métaux sont confinés dans l'angle supérieur droit, bordés sur leur gauche par les <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallo%C3%AFde" title="Métalloïde">métalloïdes</a>. Dix-sept éléments sont généralement considérés comme non métalliques, parmi lesquels 11 sont gazeux (<a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">hydrogène</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">hélium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">azote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">oxygène</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">néon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore">chlore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a>, <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">xénon</a> et <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a>) à <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">température et pression ambiantes</a>, 5 sont solides (<a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">phosphore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a> et <a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">iode</a>) et 1 est liquide (<a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome">brome</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propriétés_physiques"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s_physiques"></span>Propriétés physiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés physiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés physiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le tableau ci-dessous présente quelques propriétés des non-métaux. </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">Élément</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Masse_atomique" title="Masse atomique">Masse<br />atomique</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Point_de_fusion" title="Point de fusion">Température<br />de fusion</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Point_d%27%C3%A9bullition" title="Point d'ébullition">Température<br />d'ébullition</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">Masse<br />volumique</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rayon_de_covalence" title="Rayon de covalence">Rayon de<br />covalence</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Configuration_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Configuration électronique">Configuration<br />électronique</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">Énergie<br />d'ionisation</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité">Électronégativité</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Pauling" title="Échelle de Pauling">Pauling</a>) </th></tr> <tr style="border-top:solid 2px #aaa;text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">Hydrogène</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">1,007 975</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−434,5 °F ou 14 K">−259,16 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−423,2 °F ou 20,3 K">−252,879 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">0,089 88</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,31 Å">31</span> ± 5 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">1s<sup>1</sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="13,597 925 329 708 eV ou 313 575,53 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 312,0</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,20 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">Hélium</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">4,002 602</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">—<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="−452,1 °F ou 4,2 K">−268,928 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">0,178 6</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,28 Å">28</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">1s<sup>2</sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="24,587 163 307 673 eV ou 566 993,31 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">2 372,3</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">— </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:solid 2px #aaa;text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">Carbone</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">12,010 6</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span title="6 587,6 °F ou 3 915,2 K">3 642 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="2 267 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 81,04 °Baumé">2,267</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,69 Å">69</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a>] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>2</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="11,260 781 913 665 eV ou 259 679,73 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 086,5</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,55 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">Azote</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">14,006 855</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−346 °F ou 63,2 K">−210,00 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−320,4 °F ou 77,4 K">−195,795 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">1,251</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,71 Å">71</span> ± 1 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a>] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="14,533 819 123 361 eV ou 335 157,74 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 402,3</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">3,04 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">Oxygène</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">15,999 40</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−361,8 °F ou 54,4 K">−218,79 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−297,3 °F ou 90,2 K">−182,962 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">1,429</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,66 Å">66</span> ± 2 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a>] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>4</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="13,617 617 447 183 eV ou 314 029,64 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 313,9</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">3,44 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">18,998 403 16</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−363,4 °F ou 53,5 K">−219,67 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−306,6 °F ou 85 K">−188,11 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">1,696</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,64 Å">64</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a>] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>5</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="17,422 341 828 689 eV ou 401 768,64 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 681</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">3,98 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Néon</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span>20,179 7(6)</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−415,5 °F ou 24,6 K">−248,59 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−410,9 °F ou 27,1 K">−246,046 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">0,900 2</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,58 Å">58</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a>] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="21,564 941 488 967 eV ou 497 299,24 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">2 080,7</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">— </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:solid 2px #aaa;text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">Phosphore</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">30,973 762 00</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="111,5 °F ou 317,3 K">44,15 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="536,9 °F ou 553,7 K">280,5 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1 823 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 65,46 °Baumé">1,823</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,07 Å">107</span> ± 3 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="10,486 570 768 749 eV ou 241 826 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 011,8</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,19 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">Soufre</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">32,067 5</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="239,4 °F ou 388,4 K">115,21 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="832,3 °F ou 717,8 K">444,6 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="2 070 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 74,95 °Baumé">2,07</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,05 Å">105</span> ± 3 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>4</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="10,360 126 646 019 eV ou 238 910,13 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">999,6</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,58 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore">Chlore</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">35,451 5</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−150,7 °F ou 171,7 K">−101,5 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−29,3 °F ou 239,1 K">−34,04 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">3,2</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,02 Å">102</span> ± 4 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>5</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="12,967 777 570 527 eV ou 299 043,98 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 251,2</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">3,16 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span>39,948(1)</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−308,8 °F ou 83,8 K">−189,34 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−302,5 °F ou 87,3 K">−185,848 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">1,784</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,06 Å">106</span> ± 10 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="15,759 912 542 953 eV ou 363 432,12 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 520,6</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">— </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:solid 2px #aaa;text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Sélénium</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span>78,971(8)</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="429,8 °F ou 494,2 K">221 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="1 265 °F ou 958,2 K">685 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="4 810 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 114,85 °Baumé">4,81</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,2 Å">120</span> ± 4 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>4</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="9,752 780 286 018 1 eV ou 224 904,4 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">941,0</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,55 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome">Brome</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span>79,904(3)</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="19 °F ou 266 K">−7,2 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="137,8 °F ou 332 K">58,8 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="3 102,8 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 98,27 °Baumé">3,102 8</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,2 Å">120</span> ± 3 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>5</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="11,814 234 057 42 eV ou 272 442,64 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 139,9</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,96 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span>83,798(2)</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−251,3 °F ou 115,8 K">−157,37 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−244,1 °F ou 119,7 K">−153,415 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">3,749</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,16 Å">116</span> ± 4 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="14,000 059 097 081 eV ou 322 848,95 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 350,8</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">3,00 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:solid 2px #aaa;text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">Iode</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">126,904 47</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="236,7 °F ou 386,9 K">113,7 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="363,7 °F ou 457,5 K">184,3 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="4 933 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 115,61 °Baumé">4,933</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,39 Å">139</span> ± 3 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>5</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="10,451 332 242 742 eV ou 241 013,38 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 008,4</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,66 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xénon</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span>131,293(6)</span> <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> <td><span title="−169,2 °F ou 161,4 K">−111,75 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−162,6 °F ou 165,1 K">−108,099 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">5,894</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,4 Å">140</span> ± 9 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="12,130 344 364 246 eV ou 279 732,31 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 170,4</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,6 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:solid 2px #aaa;text-align:right"> <th><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center">[222] </td> <td><span title="−95,8 °F ou 202,2 K">−71 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span title="−79,1 °F ou 211,5 K">−61,7 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">9,73</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="Litre">L</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,5 Å">150</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">[<a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a>] 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="10,747 750 432 094 eV ou 247 848,95 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">1 037</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2,2 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>Bien que les métaux soient cinq fois plus nombreux que les non-métaux, ces derniers constituent la presque totalité des êtres vivants : l'hydrogène, le carbone, l'azote, l'oxygène et le phosphore sont les constituants majeurs des molécules biologiques, tandis que le soufre et, dans une moindre mesure, le sélénium entrent dans la composition de nombreuses <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine" title="Protéine">protéines</a>. L'oxygène constitue à lui seul près de la moitié de la masse de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89corce_terrestre" class="mw-redirect" title="Écorce terrestre">écorce terrestre</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an" title="Océan">océans</a> et de l'<a href="/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A8re_terrestre" title="Atmosphère terrestre">atmosphère</a>. Enfin, l'hydrogène et l'hélium constituent à eux deux plus de 99 % de la <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_baryonique" title="Matière baryonique">matière baryonique</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Univers_observable" title="Univers observable">Univers observable</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerycaption">Non-métaux solides à pression et températures ambiantes</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carbone graphite et diamant."><img alt="Carbone graphite et diamant." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/120px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/180px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/240px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">Carbone</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> et <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:White_phosphorus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phosphore blanc."><img alt="Phosphore blanc." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/White_phosphorus.jpg/120px-White_phosphorus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/White_phosphorus.jpg/180px-White_phosphorus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/White_phosphorus.jpg/240px-White_phosphorus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_blanc" title="Phosphore blanc">Phosphore blanc</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Black_Phosphorus_Ampoule.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phosphore noir."><img alt="Phosphore noir." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Black_Phosphorus_Ampoule.jpg/120px-Black_Phosphorus_Ampoule.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Black_Phosphorus_Ampoule.jpg/180px-Black_Phosphorus_Ampoule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Black_Phosphorus_Ampoule.jpg/240px-Black_Phosphorus_Ampoule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="1850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphore noir">Phosphore noir</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sulfur_(16_S).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soufre."><img alt="Soufre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sulfur_%2816_S%29.jpg/120px-Sulfur_%2816_S%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sulfur_%2816_S%29.jpg/180px-Sulfur_%2816_S%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sulfur_%2816_S%29.jpg/240px-Sulfur_%2816_S%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">Soufre</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:SeBlackRed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sélénium gris et rouge."><img alt="Sélénium gris et rouge." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SeBlackRed.jpg/120px-SeBlackRed.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SeBlackRed.jpg/180px-SeBlackRed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SeBlackRed.jpg/240px-SeBlackRed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Sélénium</a> gris et rouge.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Iodinecrystals.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Iode."><img alt="Iode." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/120px-Iodinecrystals.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/180px-Iodinecrystals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/240px-Iodinecrystals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">Iode</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typologie_des_non-métaux"><span id="Typologie_des_non-m.C3.A9taux"></span>Typologie des non-métaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Typologie des non-métaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Typologie des non-métaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background:none; padding:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; font-size:85%" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td width="13">  </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td width="8">  </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_10_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 10 du tableau périodique">10</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique">11</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_12_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 12 du tableau périodique">12</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_13_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 13 du tableau périodique">13</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique">14</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène">15</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Chalcog%C3%A8ne" title="Chalcogène">16</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_17_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 17 du tableau périodique">17</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_18_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 18 du tableau périodique">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top:2px solid black; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="11">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid dimgrey;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore">B</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#EAE086"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">N</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="11">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid dimgrey; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid dimgrey;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#EAE086"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">P</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#EAE086"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">S</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore">Cl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Ti</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome">Cr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">Mn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer">Fe</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid dimgrey; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid dimgrey;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#EAE086"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Se</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome">Br</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène">Mo</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Ag</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">Sn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine">Sb</a> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid dimgrey; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid dimgrey;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure">Te</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">I</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F66"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum">Ba</a> </td> <td style="line-height:0.4;vertical-align:center;background-color:#FBF"><br />* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium">Lu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)">Ta</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">W</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium">Re</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Pt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Au</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)">Hg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">Pb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid dimgrey; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px dotted dimgrey;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate">At</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="line-height:0.4;vertical-align:center;background-color:#F9C"><br />*<br />* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse">Ts</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td>↓ </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td style="line-height:0.4;vertical-align:center"><br />* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">La</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium">Ce</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme">Pr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme">Nd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td style="line-height:0.4;vertical-align:center"><br />*<br />* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium">Am</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium">Md</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium">No</a> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin">Métaux alcalins</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">Be</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métaux alcalino-terreux</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">La</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métaux de transition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pauvre" title="Métal pauvre">Métaux pauvres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore">B</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallo%C3%AFde" title="Métalloïde">Métalloïdes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#EAE086"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Non-m%C3%A9tal_polyatomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-métal polyatomique">Non-métaux polyatomiques</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#E7FF8F"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Non-m%C3%A9tal_diatomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-métal diatomique">Non-métaux diatomiques</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">Non-métaux monoatomiques</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:110%;" align="left">Nature chimique inconnue </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Contrairement aux métaux, les non-métaux forment des <a href="/wiki/Corps_simple" title="Corps simple">corps simples</a> dans lesquels les <a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">atomes</a> sont unis par des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_covalente" title="Liaison covalente">liaisons covalentes</a> ou des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_intermol%C3%A9culaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison intermoléculaire">liaisons intermoléculaires</a>, et non par des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_m%C3%A9tallique" title="Liaison métallique">liaisons métalliques</a>. En parcourant le tableau périodique vers la droite à partir des métalloïdes, les atomes des corps simples ont tendance à former un nombre décroissant de liaisons covalentes avec les atomes voisins. </p> <ul><li>Les atomes du carbone <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, par exemple, établissent des liaisons covalentes avec <i>quatre</i> atomes voisins disposés au sommet d'un <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9tra%C3%A8dre_r%C3%A9gulier" title="Tétraèdre régulier">tétraèdre régulier</a>, ce qui confère une dureté exceptionnelle à la <a href="/wiki/Structure_cristalline" title="Structure cristalline">structure cristalline</a> résultante. Les atomes du carbone <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>, quant à eux, établissent des liaisons avec <i>trois</i> atomes voisins pour former une structure hexagonale plane. Ceux du <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_blanc" title="Phosphore blanc">phosphore blanc</a> établissent également trois liaisons, pour former une molécule P<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9tra%C3%A8dre" title="Tétraèdre">tétraédrique</a>, tandis que le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphore noir">phosphore noir</a> est caractérisé par une structure rappelant celle du graphite, dans laquelle chaque atome est lié à trois autres.</li> <li>Les atomes de <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a> établissent, quant à eux, des liaisons avec <i>deux</i> atomes voisins pour former une structure cyclique de <a href="/wiki/Cyclooctasoufre" title="Cyclooctasoufre">cyclooctasoufre</a> S<sub>8</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. Le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a> rouge présente également de tels cycles Se<sub>8</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, mais le sélénium gris, qui est un <a href="/wiki/Semiconducteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconducteur">semiconducteur</a>, présente une structure formée de chaînes linéaires dans laquelle chaque atome est lié à deux autres.</li> <li>L'<a href="/wiki/Dihydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Dihydrogène">hydrogène</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Diazote" title="Diazote">azote</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">oxygène</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène">halogènes</a> forment des <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule_diatomique" title="Molécule diatomique">molécules diatomiques</a>, dans lesquelles chaque atome est lié par covalence à <i>un seul</i> autre atome.</li> <li>Enfin, les <a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">gaz nobles</a> sont <a href="/wiki/Gaz_monoatomique" title="Gaz monoatomique">monoatomiques</a> : chaque atome reste seul et n'a aucun autre atome lié par covalence.</li></ul> <p>Cette tendance progressive à la réduction du nombre de liaisons covalentes par atome va de pair avec l'affirmation croissante du caractère non métallique du corps simple. Elle permet ainsi de classer les non-métaux en trois <a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Famille d'éléments chimiques">familles</a> : </p> <ul><li>les <b>non-métaux polyatomiques</b>, formant quatre, trois ou deux liaisons covalentes par atome, et qui sont tous solides à température et pression ambiantes, pouvant présenter des propriétés les rapprochant des métalloïdes (carbone graphite, sélénium gris et phosphore noir par exemple) ;</li> <li>les <b>non-métaux diatomiques</b>, formant une liaison covalente par atome, et donc des <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule_diatomique" title="Molécule diatomique">molécules diatomiques</a>, qui peuvent présenter des phases métalliques à haute pression (<a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne_m%C3%A9tallique" title="Hydrogène métallique">hydrogène métallique</a> et <a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne_solide" title="Oxygène solide">phase ζ de l'oxygène</a> par exemple) ;</li> <li>les <b><a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">gaz nobles</a></b>, monoatomiques, qui sont chimiquement très peu réactifs et totalement inertes pour les deux premiers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-métaux_polyatomiques"><span id="Non-m.C3.A9taux_polyatomiques"></span>Non-métaux polyatomiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Non-métaux polyatomiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Non-métaux polyatomiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png/150px-Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png/225px-Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png/300px-Cyclooctasulfur-above-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Structure du cyclo-octasoufre S<sub>8</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, <a href="/wiki/Allotrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotrope">allotrope</a> le plus abondant du <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il existe quatre non-métaux polyatomiques à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_standard" title="État standard">état standard</a> : le <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">phosphore</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a> et le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a>. Leur <a href="/wiki/Coordinence" title="Coordinence">coordinence</a> va de 4 pour le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> à 2 pour le soufre et le sélénium en passant par 3 pour le <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> et le phosphore. Ils sont tous solides à l'état standard, et présentent un caractère <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal">métallique</a> plus marqués que les autres non-métaux. Ils possèdent ainsi généralement un <a href="/wiki/Allotrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotrope">allotrope</a> <a href="/wiki/Semiconducteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconducteur">semiconducteur</a>, comme le carbone graphite et le sélénium gris. </p><p>Le soufre est le moins métallique des quatre, ses allotropes étant plutôt cassants et vitreux, avec une faible <a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">conductivité électrique</a>. Il peut néanmoins présenter des aspects métalliques, par exemple à travers la malléabilité du soufre amorphe et l'apparence métallique du <a href="/wiki/Polythiazyle" title="Polythiazyle">polythiazyle</a> (SN)<sub>x</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, qui évoque le <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>. </p><p>Les non-métaux polyatomiques se distinguent parmi les non-métaux par leur coordinence élevée ainsi que par la <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Température de fusion">température de fusion</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_d%27%C3%A9bullition" class="mw-redirect" title="Température d'ébullition">température d'ébullition</a> élevées de leur forme <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamique" title="Thermodynamique">thermodynamiquement</a> la plus stable. Ils possèdent également l'amplitude liquide la plus large (c'est-à-dire l'intervalle de températures auxquelles ils sont liquides à <a href="/wiki/Pression_atmosph%C3%A9rique" title="Pression atmosphérique">pression atmosphérique</a>) ainsi que la plus faible volatilité à température ambiante. </p><p>Ils présentent par ailleurs une <a href="/wiki/Allotropie" title="Allotropie">allotropie</a> développée ainsi qu'une tendance marquée à la <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9nation" title="Caténation">caténation</a>, mais une faible affinité avec les <a href="/wiki/Liaison_hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Liaison hydrogène">liaisons hydrogène</a>. L'aptitude du carbone à la caténation est fondamentale à la fois en <a href="/wiki/Chimie_organique" title="Chimie organique">chimie organique</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Biochimie" title="Biochimie">biochimie</a>, dans la mesure où elle est à la base de toute la chimie des <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbure" title="Hydrocarbure">hydrocarbures</a> et assure l'existence des chaînes carbonées constituant l'ossature d'innombrables molécules biologiques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-métaux_diatomiques"><span id="Non-m.C3.A9taux_diatomiques"></span>Non-métaux diatomiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Non-métaux diatomiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Non-métaux diatomiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il existe sept non-métaux diatomiques à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_standard" title="État standard">état standard</a> : l'<a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">hydrogène</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dihydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Dihydrogène">H<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>), l'<a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">azote</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diazote" title="Diazote">N<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>), l'<a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">oxygène</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">O<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>), le <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Difluor" title="Difluor">F<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>), le <a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore">chlore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dichlore" title="Dichlore">Cl<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>), le <a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome">brome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dibrome" title="Dibrome">Br<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>) et l'<a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">iode</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diiode" title="Diiode">I<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>). Cinq d'entre eux sont gazeux à température et pression ambiantes, les deux autres étant volatils à température ambiante. Ce sont généralement de très bons <a href="/wiki/Isolant_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Isolant électrique">isolants électriques</a>, et sont très <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité">électronégatifs</a>. Les exceptions à ces règles générales résident aux extrémités de la <a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Famille d'éléments chimiques">famille</a> : l'hydrogène est faiblement électronégatif en raison de sa <a href="/wiki/Configuration_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Configuration électronique">configuration électronique</a> particulière, tandis que l'iode sous forme cristallisée est <a href="/wiki/Semiconducteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconducteur">semiconducteur</a> dans le plan de ses couches atomiques, mais isolant dans la direction orthogonale<sup id="cite_ref-10.1021/ed071p24_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1021/ed071p24-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les non-métaux diatomiques sont caractérisés par leur <a href="/wiki/Coordinence" title="Coordinence">coordinence</a> égale à 1 ainsi que par leur <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Température de fusion">température de fusion</a> et leur <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_d%27%C3%A9bullition" class="mw-redirect" title="Température d'ébullition">température d'ébullition</a> plus basses que celle des non-métaux polyatomiques. Leur amplitude liquide est également plus étroite, et ceux qui ne sont pas condensés sont plus volatils à température ambiante. Ils présentent une <a href="/wiki/Allotropie" title="Allotropie">allotropie</a> moins développée que celles des non-métaux polyatomiques, ainsi qu'une tendance moins marquée à la <a href="/wiki/Concat%C3%A9nation" title="Concaténation">concaténation</a>. Ils présentent en revanche une aptitude plus marquée à établir des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Liaison hydrogène">liaisons hydrogène</a>. Enfin, leur <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">énergie d'ionisation</a> est également plus élevée. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-métaux_monoatomiques_:_gaz_nobles"><span id="Non-m.C3.A9taux_monoatomiques_:_gaz_nobles"></span>Non-métaux monoatomiques : gaz nobles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Non-métaux monoatomiques : gaz nobles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Non-métaux monoatomiques : gaz nobles"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">gaz nobles</a> sont au nombre de six : <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">hélium</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">néon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a>, <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">xénon</a> et <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a>. Ils forment une <a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Famille d'éléments chimiques">famille d'éléments</a> particulièrement homogène. Aux conditions normales de température et de pression, ce sont tous des gaz incolores chimiquement inertes ou très peu réactifs. Ils présentent chacun l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">énergie d'ionisation</a> la plus élevée de leur <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période du tableau périodique">période</a> et n'établissent que des liaisons interatomiques très faibles, d'où une <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Température de fusion">température de fusion</a> et une <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_d%27%C3%A9bullition" class="mw-redirect" title="Température d'ébullition">température d'ébullition</a> très basses (ils sont tous <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gazeux</a> à pression et température ambiantes, y compris le radon dont la <a href="/wiki/Masse_atomique" title="Masse atomique">masse atomique</a> est pourtant supérieure à celle du <a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">plomb</a>). </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <caption>Propriétés comparées des non-métaux polyatomiques, diatomiques et monoatomiques (gaz nobles) </caption> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Propriétés physiques </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20em;">Non-métaux polyatomiques </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20em;">Non-métaux diatomiques </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20em;">Gaz nobles </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Coordinence" title="Coordinence">Coordinence</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, voire <b>4</b> (<a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>0</b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_standard" title="État standard">État standard</a> </td> <td>Solide </td> <td>Majoritairement gazeux </td> <td>Gazeux </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row">Apparence </td> <td>Couleurs variables, surfaces d'apparence vitreuse </td> <td>Couleurs variables, surfaces ternes à l'état solide, hormis pour l'<a href="/wiki/Diiode" title="Diiode">iode</a>, à l'éclat partiellement métallique </td> <td>Incolores </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Allotropie" title="Allotropie">Allotropie</a> </td> <td>Nombreux allotropes </td> <td>Peu d'allotropes </td> <td>Pas d'allotropes </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lasticit%C3%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="Élasticité">Élasticité</a> </td> <td>Corps simples le plus souvent cassants, avec également des formes <a href="/wiki/Mall%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9" title="Malléabilité">malléables</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a>), souples (<a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">P</a>) ou <a href="/wiki/Ductilit%C3%A9" title="Ductilité">ductiles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Se</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>b<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Cassants à l'état solide </td> <td>Mous et sans grande résistance mécanique à l'état solide (ils sont facilement écrasés) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité électrique</a> (S·cm<sup>−1</sup>) </td> <td>Mauvaise à bonne (de 5,2 × 10<sup>−18</sup> pour le <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a> à 3 × 10<sup>4</sup> pour le <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>) </td> <td>Mauvaise à faible (d'environ 10<sup>−18</sup> pour les <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a> <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule_diatomique" title="Molécule diatomique">diatomiques</a> à 1,7 × 10<sup>−8</sup> pour l'<a href="/wiki/Diiode" title="Diiode">iode</a>) </td> <td>Mauvaise (~10<sup>−18</sup>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_de_fusion" title="Point de fusion">Point de fusion</a> (K) </td> <td>Plutôt élevé (<span class="nowrap"><span title="115,9 °C ou 240,5 °F">389</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="3 526,9 °C ou 6 380,3 °F">3 800</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span>) </td> <td>Plutôt bas (<span class="nowrap"><span title="−258,2 °C ou −432,7 °F">15</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="113,9 °C ou 236,9 °F">387</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span>) </td> <td>Bas à très bas (<span class="nowrap"><span title="−272,2 °C ou −457,9 °F">1</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="−71,2 °C ou −96,1 °F">202</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_d%27%C3%A9bullition" title="Point d'ébullition">Point d'ébullition</a> (K) </td> <td>Élevé à très élevé (<span class="nowrap"><span title="444,9 °C ou 832,7 °F">718</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="4 026,9 °C ou 7 280,3 °F">4 300</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span>) </td> <td>Bas à assez élevé (<span class="nowrap"><span title="−252,2 °C ou −421,9 °F">21</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="184,9 °C ou 364,7 °F">458</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span>) </td> <td>Bas à très bas (<span class="nowrap"><span title="−268,2 °C ou −450,7 °F">5</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="−61,2 °C ou −78,1 °F">212</span> <span title="Kelvin">K</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row">Intervalle liquide (K) </td> <td>Assez étendu (<span class="nowrap">232 à 505 K</span>) </td> <td>Plus étroit (<span class="nowrap">6 à 70 K</span>) </td> <td>Très étroit (<span class="nowrap">2 à 9 K</span>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row">Volatilité (température ambiante) </td> <td>Peu volatils </td> <td>Plus volatils </td> <td>Globalement les plus volatils </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Propriétés chimiques </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20em;">Non-métaux polyatomiques </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20em;">Non-métaux diatomiques </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20em;">Gaz nobles </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Nature chimique </td> <td>Non métallique à partiellement métallique </td> <td>Non métallique, l'<a href="/wiki/Diiode" title="Diiode">iode</a> étant partiellement métallique </td> <td>Inerte à non métallique, le <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a> étant partiellement <a href="/wiki/Cation" title="Cation">cationique</a><sup id="cite_ref-10.1039/C3975000760B_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1039/C3975000760B-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">Énergie d'ionisation</a> (kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>) </td> <td>Plutôt basse (9,75 à 11,26) </td> <td>Plus élevée (10,45 à 17,42) </td> <td>Parmi les plus élevées (10,75 à 24,59) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité">Électronégativité</a> (échelle d'Allen) </td> <td>Plutôt basse (2,253 à 2,589) </td> <td>Plus élevée (2,300 à 4,193) </td> <td>Parmi les plus élevées (2,582 à 4,789) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_d%27oxydation" class="mw-redirect" title="État d'oxydation">États d'oxydation</a> </td> <td><b>•</b> États d'oxydation positifs et négatifs pour tous ces éléments<br /><b>•</b> De ‒4 pour <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a> jusqu'à +6 pour <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">S</a> et <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Se</a> </td> <td><b>•</b> États d'oxydation négatifs pour tous ces éléments, mais instable pour <a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a><br /><b>•</b> États d'oxydation positifs pour tous ces éléments sauf le <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a>, exceptionnellement pour <a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a><br /><b>•</b> De ‒3 pour <a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">N</a> à +7 pour <a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore">Cl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome">Br</a> et <a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">I</a> </td> <td><b>•</b> Seuls les états d'oxydation positifs ont été observés, et seulement pour les gaz nobles les plus lourds<br /><b>•</b> de +2 pour <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>, <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a> et <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> à +8 pour <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9nation" title="Caténation">Caténation</a> </td> <td>Tendance marquée </td> <td>Tendance moindre </td> <td>Peu d'affinité </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liaison_hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Liaison hydrogène">Liaisons hydrogène</a> </td> <td>Faible aptitude </td> <td>Forte aptitude </td> <td>Connu pour <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>, <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Oxyde" title="Oxyde">Oxydes</a> </td> <td><b>•</b> Au moins une forme polymérique pour tous ces éléments<br /><b>•</b> La plupart de ces éléments (<a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Se</a>) forment des <a href="/wiki/Verre" title="Verre">verres</a> ; le <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_carbone" title="Dioxyde de carbone">dioxyde de carbone</a> CO<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> forme un verre à <span class="nowrap"><span title="">40</span> <span title="gigapascal">GPa</span></span> </td> <td><b>•</b> Les oxydes d'iode existent sous forme polymérique<br /><b>•</b> Ces éléments ne forment pas de verres </td> <td><b>•</b> Le <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_x%C3%A9non" title="Dioxyde de xénon">XeO<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a> est polymérique ; les oxydes des autres gaz nobles sont moléculaires<br /><b>•</b> Ces éléments ne forment pas de verres </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allotropie">Allotropie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Allotropie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Allotropie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De nombreux non-métaux possèdent plusieurs <a href="/wiki/Allotropie" title="Allotropie">formes allotropiques</a> présentant des propriétés plus ou moins <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal">métalliques</a> selon les cas. Le <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_standard" title="État standard">état standard</a> du <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>, présente ainsi une apparence luisante et est un assez bon <a href="/wiki/Conducteur_(%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9)" title="Conducteur (électricité)">conducteur</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9" title="Électricité">électricité</a>. Le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, en revanche, présente une apparence transparente et est un mauvais conducteur de l'électricité, de sorte qu'il n'est clairement pas métallique. Il existe d'autre allotropes du carbone, comme le <a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfuller%C3%A8ne" title="Buckminsterfullerène">buckminsterfullerène</a> C<sub>60</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. L'<a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">azote</a> peut former, outre le <a href="/wiki/Diazote" title="Diazote">diazote</a> N<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> standard, du <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9trazote" title="Tétrazote">tétrazote</a> N<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, allotrope gazeux instable dont la durée de vie est de l'ordre de la <a href="/wiki/Microseconde" class="mw-redirect" title="Microseconde">microseconde</a><sup id="cite_ref-10.1126/science.1067681_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1126/science.1067681-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'<a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">oxygène</a> standard est <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule_diatomique" title="Molécule diatomique">diatomique</a> sous forme de <a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">dioxygène</a> O<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> mais existe également comme <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule_triatomique" title="Molécule triatomique">molécule triatomique</a> sous forme d'<a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a> O<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> instable ayant une durée de vie de l'ordre de la demi-heure. Le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">phosphore</a> présente la particularité d'avoir des allotropes plus stables que son état standard, le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_blanc" title="Phosphore blanc">phosphore blanc</a> P<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. Ainsi, le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_rouge" title="Phosphore rouge">phosphore rouge</a> dérive du phosphore blanc par chauffage au-dessus de <span title="572 °F ou 573,2 K">300 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. Il est d'abord <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_amorphe" title="Matière amorphe">amorphe</a>, puis cristallise dans le système cubique si l'on poursuit le chauffage. Le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphore noir">phosphore noir</a> est la forme <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamique" title="Thermodynamique">thermodynamiquement</a> stable du phosphore, de structure semblable au graphite, avec un éclat brillant et de semblables qualités électriques. Le phosphore existe également sous forme de <a href="/wiki/Diphosphore" title="Diphosphore">diphosphore</a> P<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> instable<sup id="cite_ref-10.1126/science.1129630_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1126/science.1129630-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a> possède davantage d'allotropes que n'importe quel autre élément. Hormis le soufre dit plastique, tous sont non métalliques. Le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a> possède plusieurs isotopes non métalliques et une forme conductrice de l'électricité, le sélénium gris. L'<a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">iode</a> existe également sous forme amorphe semiconductrice<sup id="cite_ref-10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.130_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.130-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaz_nobles,_halogènes_et_«_CHNOPS_»"><span id="Gaz_nobles.2C_halog.C3.A8nes_et_.C2.AB_CHNOPS_.C2.BB"></span>Gaz nobles, halogènes et « CHNOPS »</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Gaz nobles, halogènes et « CHNOPS »" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gaz nobles, halogènes et « CHNOPS »"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" align="right" style="font-size:87%;line-height:1.6;margin:2px .5em;float:right;margin-right:0;background:none;padding:0;border:none;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="13">  </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_10_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 10 du tableau périodique">10</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique">11</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_12_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 12 du tableau périodique">12</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_13_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 13 du tableau périodique">13</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique">14</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène">15</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Chalcog%C3%A8ne" title="Chalcogène">16</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_17_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 17 du tableau périodique">17</a> </td> <td width="20"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_18_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 18 du tableau périodique">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a> </td> <td colspan="16">  </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="10">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore">B</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">N</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="10">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">P</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">S</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore">Cl</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Ti</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome">Cr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">Mn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer">Fe</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Se</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome">Br</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène">Mo</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Ag</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">Sn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine">Sb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure">Te</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">I</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum">Ba</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF">* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)">Ta</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">W</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium">Re</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Pt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Au</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)">Hg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">Pb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate">At</a> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C">** </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse">Ts</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Ubn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE">⁂ </td> <td colspan="15">  </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>↓</td> <td colspan="15">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">La</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium">Ce</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme">Pr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme">Nd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:0;line-height:0"> <td colspan="17">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>** </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium">Am</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium">Md</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium">No</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:0;line-height:0"> <td colspan="17">  </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="2">⁂ </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium">Ubu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium">Ubb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium">Ubt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium">Ubq</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium">Ubp</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium">Ubh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium">Ubs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium">Ubo</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium">Ube</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium">Utn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium">Utu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium">Utb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium">Utt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium">Utq</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium">Utp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium">Uth</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium">Uts</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium">Uto</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium">Ute</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium">Uqn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium">Uqu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium">Uqb</a> </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" style="line-height:1">  </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left">Éléments hypothétiques </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F7F8FF"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium">Mt</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left">Nature chimique inconnue </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin">Métaux alcalins</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pauvre" title="Métal pauvre">Métaux pauvres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métaux alcalino-terreux</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore">B</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallo%C3%AFde" title="Métalloïde">Métalloïdes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métaux de transition</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Non-métaux</a> :</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">La</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a> (*) </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left">« <a href="/wiki/CHNOPS" title="CHNOPS">CHNOPS</a> » et <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a> (**) </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène">Halogènes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:1px dashed #AAA;font-family:serif;background:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium">Ubu</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Superactinide" title="Superactinide">Superactinides</a> (⁂) </td> <td style="border:2px solid #000;font-family:serif;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:110%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">Gaz nobles</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Parmi les non-métaux, il est assez courant de considérer à part les <a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Famille d'éléments chimiques">familles</a> des <a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène">halogènes</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Gaz_nobles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaz nobles">gaz nobles</a>, qui présentent des propriétés chimiques très caractéristiques, laissant comme « autres non-métaux » l'<a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">hydrogène</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">azote</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">oxygène</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">phosphore</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a> et le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a>, collectivement représentés par l'acronyme « <a href="/wiki/CHNOPS" title="CHNOPS">CHNOPS</a> ». </p> <ul><li>Les <b>gaz nobles</b> forment en effet une famille nettement individualisée parmi les non-métaux en raison de leur inertie chimique remarquable, totale pour les deux plus légers — <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">hélium</a> et <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">néon</a> — et laissant place à une réactivité chimique très faible à mesure qu'on descend le long de la <abbr class="abbr" title="Dix-huitième">18<sup>e</sup></abbr> colonne, de sorte que le <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">xénon</a> est le plus réactif de la famille — la chimie du <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a> est mal connue en raison de la <a href="/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9" title="Radioactivité">radioactivité</a> de cet élément.</li> <li>À l'inverse des gaz nobles, les <b>halogènes</b> sont particulièrement réactifs, mais leur réactivité chimique décroît à mesure qu'on descend le long de la <abbr class="abbr" title="Dix-septième">17<sup>e</sup></abbr> colonne. Le <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a> est ainsi le plus réactif des quatre, formant des <a href="/wiki/Compos%C3%A9_chimique" title="Composé chimique">composés</a> avec pratiquement tous les autres éléments chimiques, hormis l'hélium et le néon.</li> <li>Les sept non-métaux qui n'appartiennent pas à ces deux familles chimiques se trouvent être les sept constituants principaux de la matière vivante, ce qui leur a valu d'être regroupés sous l'acronyme CHNOPS — qui n'inclut cependant pas le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a> — notamment dans le domaine de l'<a href="/wiki/Exobiologie" title="Exobiologie">exobiologie</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Sciences_de_l%27environnement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences de l'environnement">sciences de l'environnement</a><sup id="cite_ref-10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.194_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.194-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le tableau ci-dessous résume quelques-unes de leurs propriétés :</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Quelques propriétés des « <a href="/wiki/CHNOPS" title="CHNOPS">CHNOPS</a> » </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top"> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">Élément</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_standard" title="État standard">État standard</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Conductivité thermique">Conductivité<br />thermique</a> (W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité<br />électrique</a> (S·m<sup>-1</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Oxyde" title="Oxyde">Oxyde</a> </th> <th>Importance<br />physiologique </th> <th>Fonctions biochimiques </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">Hydrogène</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_gazeux" class="mw-redirect" title="État gazeux">Gaz</a> </td> <td>1,8 × 10<sup>-1</sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ampholyte" title="Ampholyte">Ampholyte</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macro%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" title="Macroélément">Macroélément</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left">Ubiquitaire (<a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine" title="Protéine">protéines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide">lipides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucide" title="Glucide">glucides</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">Carbone</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">Solide</a> <a href="/wiki/Diamagn%C3%A9tique" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnétique">diamagnétique</a> </td> <td>1,3 × 10<sup>2</sup> </td> <td>6,1 × 10<sup>4</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acide_faible" title="Acide faible">Acide faible</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macro%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" title="Macroélément">Macroélément</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left">Ubiquitaire (<a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine" title="Protéine">protéines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide">lipides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucide" title="Glucide">glucides</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">Azote</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_gazeux" class="mw-redirect" title="État gazeux">Gaz</a> </td> <td>2,6 × 10<sup>-2</sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acide_fort" title="Acide fort">Acide fort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macro%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" title="Macroélément">Macroélément</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left">Ubiquitaire (<a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine" title="Protéine">protéines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cofacteur_(biochimie)" title="Cofacteur (biochimie)">cofacteurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Base_nucl%C3%A9ique" class="mw-redirect" title="Base nucléique">bases nucléiques</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">Oxygène</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_gazeux" class="mw-redirect" title="État gazeux">Gaz</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramagn%C3%A9tique" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramagnétique">paramagnétique</a> </td> <td>2,7 × 10<sup>-2</sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Neutre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macro%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" title="Macroélément">Macroélément</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left">Ubiquitaire </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">Phosphore</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">Solide</a> </td> <td>2,4 × 10<sup>-1</sup> </td> <td>1,0 × 10<sup>-9</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acide_faible" title="Acide faible">Acide faible</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macro%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" title="Macroélément">Macroélément</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Acide_nucl%C3%A9ique" title="Acide nucléique">Acides nucléiques</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acide_d%C3%A9soxyribonucl%C3%A9ique" title="Acide désoxyribonucléique">ADN</a> et <a href="/wiki/Acide_ribonucl%C3%A9ique" title="Acide ribonucléique">ARN</a>)<br />Énergie métabolique (<a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9nosine_triphosphate" title="Adénosine triphosphate">ATP</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Membrane_(biologie)" title="Membrane (biologie)">Membranes biologiques</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phospholipide" title="Phospholipide">phospholipides</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9ralisation_osseuse" title="Minéralisation osseuse">Minéralisation</a> des <a href="/wiki/Dent" title="Dent">dents</a> et <a href="/wiki/Os" title="Os">os</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hydroxyapatite" title="Hydroxyapatite">hydroxyapatite</a> Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">Soufre</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">Solide</a> </td> <td>2,7 × 10<sup>-1</sup> </td> <td>0,5 × 10<sup>-15</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acide_fort" title="Acide fort">Acide fort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macro%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" title="Macroélément">Macroélément</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ines" class="mw-redirect" title="Protéines">Protéines</a>, <i>via</i> la <a href="/wiki/Cyst%C3%A9ine" title="Cystéine">cystéine</a> et la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9thionine" title="Méthionine">méthionine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ticulation" title="Réticulation">Réticulation</a> des <a href="/wiki/Polypeptide" title="Polypeptide">chaînes peptidiques</a> par <a href="/wiki/Pont_disulfure" title="Pont disulfure">ponts disulfure</a><br />Abondant dans la <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9ratine" title="Kératine">kératine</a> des <a href="/wiki/Phan%C3%A8re" title="Phanère">phanères</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">Sélénium</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">Solide</a> </td> <td>2,0 × 10<sup>0</sup> </td> <td>1,0 × 10<sup>-4</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acide_fort" title="Acide fort">Acide fort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oligo%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligoélément">Oligoélément</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9noprot%C3%A9ine" title="Sélénoprotéine">Sélénoprotéines</a>, <i>via</i> la <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nocyst%C3%A9ine" title="Sélénocystéine">sélénocystéine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9duction" class="mw-disambig" title="Réduction">Réduction</a> des <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9riv%C3%A9_r%C3%A9actif_de_l%27oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dérivé réactif de l'oxygène">dérivés réactifs de l'oxygène</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glutathion_peroxydase" title="Glutathion peroxydase">glutathion peroxydase</a>)<br />Fonctionnement de la <a href="/wiki/Thyro%C3%AFde" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroïde">thyroïde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iodothyronine_d%C3%A9siodase" title="Iodothyronine désiodase">iodothyronine désiodase</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small lower-alpha" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">L'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">hélium</a> à pression atmosphérique n'existe pas à l'état solide ; il se solidifie à <span title="−458 °F ou 0,95 K ou 1,967 426 82E−23 J">−272,2 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> sous une pression d'au moins <span class="nowrap"><span title="25 bar ou 24,673 081 667 9 atm ou 18 751,5 Torr ou 362,594 25 psi">2,5</span> <span title="mégapascal">MPa</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a> existe ainsi sous forme de <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> étendu<sup id="cite_ref-10.1016/S0079-6417(06)80018-1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1016/S0079-6417(06)80018-1-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou de <a href="/wiki/Nanotube_de_carbone" title="Nanotube de carbone">nanotubes</a> de longueur métrique, le <a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">phosphore</a> existe comme <a href="/wiki/Phosphore_blanc" title="Phosphore blanc">phosphore blanc</a> souple et aussi mou que de la <a href="/wiki/Cire" title="Cire">cire</a>, pouvant être coupé au couteau à température ambiante, le <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a> existe sous forme plastique, et le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium">sélénium</a> sous forme fil.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Handbook-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbcponline.com/faces/contents/ContentsSearch.xhtml">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>, section 1 : <i>Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors</i>, sous-section : <i>Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Quatre-vingt-quatrième (huitante-quatrième / octante-quatrième)">84<sup>e</sup></abbr> édition en ligne, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Floride, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1021/ed071p24-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1021/ed071p24_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="P._G._Nelson1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">P. G. Nelson</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Classifying Substances by Electrical Character: An Alternative to Classifying by Bond Type</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of Chemical Education</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 71, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1994-01" data-sort-value="1994-01">janvier 1994</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 24 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed071p24">10.1021/ed071p24</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JChEd..71...24N">1994JChEd..71...24N</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed071p24">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Classifying+Substances+by+Electrical+Character%3A+An+Alternative+to+Classifying+by+Bond+Type&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=P.+G.+Nelson&rft.date=1994-01&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed071p24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANon-m%C3%A9tal"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1016/S0079-6417(06)80018-1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1016/S0079-6417(06)80018-1_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="H._Godfrin1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">H. Godfrin</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Chapter 4 Experimental properties of <sup>3</sup>he adsorbed on graphite</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Progress in Low Temperature Physics</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 14,‎ <time>1995</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">213-320</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6417%2806%2980018-1">10.1016/S0079-6417(06)80018-1</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079641706800181">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chapter+4+Experimental+properties+of+3he+adsorbed+on+graphite&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Low+Temperature+Physics&rft.aulast=H.+Godfrin&rft.date=1995&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=213-320&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0079-6417%2806%2980018-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANon-m%C3%A9tal"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1039/C3975000760B-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1039/C3975000760B_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="Kenneth_S._Pitzer1975"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Kenneth S. Pitzer</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Fluorides of radon and element 118</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 18,‎ <time>1975</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">760-761</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3975000760B">10.1039/C3975000760B</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/1975/C3/c3975000760b#!divAbstract">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fluorides+of+radon+and+element+118&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society%2C+Chemical+Communications&rft.issue=18&rft.aulast=Kenneth+S.+Pitzer&rft.date=1975&rft.pages=760-761&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FC3975000760B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANon-m%C3%A9tal"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1126/science.1067681-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1126/science.1067681_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="F._Cacace,_G._de_Petris_et_A._Troiani2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">F. Cacace, G. de Petris et A. Troiani</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Experimental Detection of Tetranitrogen</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Science</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 295, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 5554,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-01-18" data-sort-value="2002-01-18">18 janvier 2002</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">480-481</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799238">11799238</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1067681">10.1126/science.1067681</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...295..480C">2002Sci...295..480C</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/295/5554/480">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Experimental+Detection+of+Tetranitrogen&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.issue=5554&rft.aulast=F.+Cacace%2C+G.+de+Petris+et+A.+Troiani&rft.date=2002-01-18&rft.volume=295&rft.pages=480-481&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1067681&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11799238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANon-m%C3%A9tal"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1126/science.1129630-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1126/science.1129630_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="Nicholas_A._Piro,_Joshua_S._Figueroa,_Jessica_T._McKellar_et_Christopher_C._Cummins2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Nicholas A. Piro, Joshua S. Figueroa, Jessica T. McKellar et Christopher C. Cummins</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Triple-Bond Reactivity of Diphosphorus Molecules</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Science</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 313, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 5791,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-09-01" data-sort-value="2006-09-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> septembre 2006</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1276-1279</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946068">16946068</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1129630">10.1126/science.1129630</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006sci...313.1276p">2006sci...313.1276p</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/313/5791/1276">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Triple-Bond+Reactivity+of+Diphosphorus+Molecules&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.issue=5791&rft.aulast=Nicholas+A.+Piro%2C+Joshua+S.+Figueroa%2C+Jessica+T.+McKellar+et+Christopher+C.+Cummins&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.volume=313&rft.pages=1276-1279&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1129630&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16946068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANon-m%C3%A9tal"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.130-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.130_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="B._V._Shanabrook,_J._S._Lannin_et_I._C._Hisatsune1981"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">B. V. Shanabrook, J. S. Lannin et I. C. Hisatsune</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Inelastic Light Scattering in a Onefold-Coordinated Amorphous Semiconductor</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Physical Review Letters</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 46, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1981-01-12" data-sort-value="1981-01-12">12 janvier 1981</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">130-133</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.130">10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.130</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981PhRvL..46..130S">1981PhRvL..46..130S</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.130">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inelastic+Light+Scattering+in+a+Onefold-Coordinated+Amorphous+Semiconductor&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=B.+V.+Shanabrook%2C+J.+S.+Lannin+et+I.+C.+Hisatsune&rft.date=1981-01-12&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=130-133&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.46.130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANon-m%C3%A9tal"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.194-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.194_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="Lou_Laux2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Lou Laux</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Global Climate Change: Another Perspective</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Bulletin Ecological Society of America</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 90, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-04" data-sort-value="2009-04">avril 2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">194-197</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.194">10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.194</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.194/full">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+Climate+Change%3A+Another+Perspective&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+Ecological+Society+of+America&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=Lou+Laux&rft.date=2009-04&rft.volume=90&rft.pages=194-197&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1890%2F0012-9623-90.2.194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANon-m%C3%A9tal"></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-m%C3%A9tal&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/non-m%C3%A9tal" class="extiw" title="wikt:non-métal">non-métal</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/reports/periodic_table">UICPA</a> : Page de liens vers le <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" class="mw-redirect" title="Tableau périodique">tableau périodique</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/reports/periodic_table/IUPAC_Periodic_Table-22Jun07b.pdf">UICPA</a> : Tableau périodique officiel du 22/06/2007</li></ul> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><p><br /> </p><table style="background:none; padding:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td width="10">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_10_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 10 du tableau périodique">10</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique">11</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_12_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 12 du tableau périodique">12</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_13_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 13 du tableau périodique">13</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique">14</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène">15</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Chalcog%C3%A8ne" title="Chalcogène">16</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_17_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 17 du tableau périodique">17</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_18_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 18 du tableau périodique">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 1 du tableau périodique">1</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"> H </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="30">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"> He </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 2 du tableau périodique">2</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"> Li </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium"> Be </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore"> B </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone"> C </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote"> N </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène"> O </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"> F </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"> Ne </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"> Na </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium"> Mg </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"> Al </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"> Si </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore"> P </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre"> S </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore"> Cl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"> Ar </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 4 du tableau périodique">4</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"> K </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"> Ca </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"> Sc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane"> Ti </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"> V </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome"> Cr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse"> Mn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer"> Fe </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"> Co </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"> Ni </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre"> Cu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"> Zn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"> Ga </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"> Ge </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"> As </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium"> Se </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome"> Br </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"> Kr </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"> Rb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"> Sr </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"> Y </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"> Zr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"> Nb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène"> Mo </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium"> Tc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium"> Ru </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"> Rh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"> Pd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent"> Ag </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"> Cd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"> In </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain"> Sn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine"> Sb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure"> Te </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode"> I </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon"> Xe </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium"> Cs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum"> Ba </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane"> La </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium"> Ce </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme"> Pr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme"> Nd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium"> Pm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"> Sm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"> Eu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"> Gd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"> Tb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"> Dy </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"> Ho </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"> Er </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"> Tm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"> Yb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium"> Lu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"> Hf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)"> Ta </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène"> W </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium"> Re </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"> Os </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"> Ir </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine"> Pt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or"> Au </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)"> Hg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"> Tl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb"> Pb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"> Bi </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"> Po </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate"> At </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"> Rn </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 7 du tableau périodique">7</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"> Fr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"> Ra </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"> Ac </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"> Th </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"> Pa </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"> U </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"> Np </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"> Pu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium"> Am </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"> Cm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium"> Bk </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"> Cf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"> Es </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"> Fm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium"> Md </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium"> No </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"> Lr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"> Rf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"> Db </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"> Sg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"> Bh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"> Hs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium"> Mt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"> Ds </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"> Rg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"> Cn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"> Nh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium"> Fl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"> Mc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"> Lv </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse"> Ts </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"> Og </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 8 du tableau périodique">8</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium"> 119 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium"> 120 </a> </td> <td>* </td> <td colspan="22">  </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td>* </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium"> 121 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium"> 122 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium"> 123 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium"> 124 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium"> 125 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium"> 126 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium"> 127 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium"> 128 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium"> 129 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium"> 130 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium"> 131 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium"> 132 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium"> 133 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium"> 134 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium"> 135 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium"> 136 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium"> 137 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium"> 138 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium"> 139 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium"> 140 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium"> 141 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium"> 142 </a> </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table border="0" cellpadding="1" style="margin:2px auto;font-size:85%;line-heignt:normal;background:none;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin">Métaux alcalins</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métaux alcalino-terreux</a> </td> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:72px;text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métaux de transition</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pauvre" title="Métal pauvre">Métaux pauvres</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallo%C3%AFde" title="Métalloïde">Métalloïdes</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#A0FFA0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Non-métaux</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène">Halogènes</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">Gaz nobles</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F7F8FF">Éléments non classés </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px dashed #AAA;background-color:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Superactinide" title="Superactinide">Superactinides</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail de la chimie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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