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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Establishment and transfer to USAF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_and_transfer_to_USAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Run-up_to_Korea_and_start_of_the_Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Run-up_to_Korea_and_start_of_the_Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Run-up to Korea and start of the Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Run-up_to_Korea_and_start_of_the_Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Korean War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War_and_massive_retaliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War_and_massive_retaliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cold War and massive retaliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War_and_massive_retaliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_Bunkers,_SAC_Ground_Alert,_and_transfer_of_SAC's_Fighter-Escort_Wings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_Bunkers,_SAC_Ground_Alert,_and_transfer_of_SAC's_Fighter-Escort_Wings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nuclear Bunkers, SAC Ground Alert, and transfer of SAC's Fighter-Escort Wings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_Bunkers,_SAC_Ground_Alert,_and_transfer_of_SAC's_Fighter-Escort_Wings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_missiles,_aircrew_readiness,_airborne_alert,_and_strategic_reconnaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_missiles,_aircrew_readiness,_airborne_alert,_and_strategic_reconnaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nuclear missiles, aircrew readiness, airborne alert, and strategic reconnaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_missiles,_aircrew_readiness,_airborne_alert,_and_strategic_reconnaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam_War_and_latter_half_of_the_Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_War_and_latter_half_of_the_Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vietnam War and latter half of the Cold War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vietnam_War_and_latter_half_of_the_Cold_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vietnam War and latter half of the Cold War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_War_and_latter_half_of_the_Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SAC's_air_war_in_Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAC's_air_war_in_Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>SAC's air war in Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAC's_air_war_in_Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Vietnam,_1970s_budget_cuts,_1980s_renewal,_and_the_Cold_War_redux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Vietnam,_1970s_budget_cuts,_1980s_renewal,_and_the_Cold_War_redux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Post-Vietnam, 1970s budget cuts, 1980s renewal, and the Cold War redux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Vietnam,_1970s_budget_cuts,_1980s_renewal,_and_the_Cold_War_redux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_Cold_War_and_Operation_Desert_Storm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_Cold_War_and_Operation_Desert_Storm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>End of the Cold War and Operation Desert Storm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_Cold_War_and_Operation_Desert_Storm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration_and_new_commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration_and_new_commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Commemoration and new commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemoration_and_new_commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lineage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lineage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Lineage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lineage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comando_A%C3%A9reo_Estrat%C3%A9gico" title="Comando Aéreo Estratégico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comando Aéreo Estratégico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%9E%B5%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC%EB%A0%B9%EB%B6%80" title="전략공군사령부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전략공군사령부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99" title="פיקוד האוויר האסטרטגי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיקוד האוויר האסטרטגי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E7%95%A5%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%9B%A3" title="戦略航空軍団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="戦略航空軍団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Стратегическое командование ВВС США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стратегическое командование ВВС США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Strategic Air Command" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Стратегічне командування Повітряних сил США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стратегічне командування Повітряних сил США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="战略空军司令部 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="战略空军司令部" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1946–1992 US Air Force major command</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_(film)" title="Strategic Air Command (film)">Strategic Air Command (film)</a>. For the command from 2009, see <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">Air Force Global Strike Command</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strategic Air Command</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAC_Shield.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/SAC_Shield.svg/200px-SAC_Shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/SAC_Shield.svg/300px-SAC_Shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/SAC_Shield.svg/400px-SAC_Shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="488" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Shield of Strategic Air Command</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1947–1992: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a><br /><span class="nowrap">1946–1947: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">US Army Air Forces</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Major Command / Specified Command</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data">9 November 1948: <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a><br /><span class="nowrap"> 21 October 1946: <a href="/wiki/Andrews_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews Field">Andrews Field</a>, Maryland</span><br />21 March 1946: <a href="/wiki/Bolling_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolling Field">Bolling Field</a>, District of Columbia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Peace is Our Profession"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data">"Strategic Air Command March"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data">Gen <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Shield (subdued)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAC_Shield_OD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SAC_Shield_OD.svg/200px-SAC_Shield_OD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SAC_Shield_OD.svg/300px-SAC_Shield_OD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SAC_Shield_OD.svg/400px-SAC_Shield_OD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>Strategic Air Command</b> (<b>SAC</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> Specified Command and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF) Major Command responsible for command and control of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bomber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missile</a> components of the United States military's <a href="/wiki/Strategic_nuclear_weapon" title="Strategic nuclear weapon"> strategic nuclear forces</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1946 to 1992. SAC was also responsible for strategic <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a>; airborne command posts; and most of the USAF's <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">aerial refueling</a> aircraft. </p><p>SAC primarily consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second Air Force</a> (2AF), <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> (8AF) and the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a> (15AF), while SAC headquarters (HQ SAC) included Directorates for Operations & Plans, Intelligence, Command & Control, Maintenance, Training, Communications, and Personnel. At a lower echelon, SAC headquarters divisions included Aircraft Engineering, Missile Concept,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Strategic Communications. </p><p>In 1992, as part of an overall post-Cold War reorganization of the U.S. Air Force, SAC was disestablished as both a Specified Command and as a <a href="/wiki/MAJCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="MAJCOM">MAJCOM</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Category:Personnel_of_Strategic_Air_Command" title="Category:Personnel of Strategic Air Command">personnel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Air Command equipment">equipment</a> redistributed among the <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> (ACC), <a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">Air Mobility Command</a> (AMC), <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">Pacific Air Forces</a> (PACAF), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces in Europe">United States Air Forces in Europe</a> (USAFE), and <a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">Air Education and Training Command</a> (AETC), while SAC's central headquarters complex at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Offutt AFB">Offutt AFB</a>, Nebraska was concurrently transferred to the newly created <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">United States Strategic Command</a> (USSTRATCOM), which was established as a joint <a href="/wiki/Unified_Combatant_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Combatant Command">Unified Combatant Command</a> to replace SAC's Specified Command role. </p><p>In 2009, SAC was reactivated and redesignated as the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">Air Force Global Strike Command</a> (AFGSC). AFGSC eventually acquired all USAF bomber aircraft and the <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missile</a> force.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sac194-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sac194-patch.png/175px-Sac194-patch.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sac194-patch.png/263px-Sac194-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sac194-patch.png/350px-Sac194-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>The 1946–1951 SAC patch (above) was replaced by <a href="/wiki/File:SAC_Shield.svg" title="File:SAC Shield.svg">the patch with insignia that won a SAC contest</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Strategic Air Forces of the United States during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> included <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spaatz" title="Carl Spaatz">Carl Spaatz</a>'s European command, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Air_Forces_in_Europe" title="United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe">United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe</a> (USSTAF), consisting of the 8AF and 15AF, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Air_Forces_in_the_Pacific" title="United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific">United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific</a> (USASTAF) and its <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth Air Force</a> (20AF).<sup id="cite_ref-Worden_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a>' first mission in the <a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Strategic Bombing Campaign</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater">European Theater</a> during World War II included the <a href="/wiki/VIII_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="VIII Bomber Command">VIII Bomber Command</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">which conducted the first European "heavy bomber" attack by the USAAF on 17 August 1942</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth Air Force</a>, which conducted the first <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Operation Crossbow</a> "No-Ball" missions on 5 December 1943;<sup id="cite_ref-Zaloga_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaloga-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth Air Force</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wiener_Neustadt_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Wiener Neustadt in World War II">which executed bombing operations on 2 November 1943</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pointblank" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pointblank">Operation Pointblank</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive#Overlord_air_plan" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Operation Overlord air plan</a> for the strategic bombing of both Germany and German military forces in continental Europe prior to the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">1944 invasion of France</a> used several Air Forces, primarily those of the <a href="/wiki/USAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAF">USAAF</a> and those of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (<a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a>), with the command of air operations transferring to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force">Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force</a> on 14 April 1944. </p><p>Planning to reorganize for a separate and independent postwar U.S. Air Force had begun by the fall of 1945, with the <a href="/wiki/William_Hood_Simpson" title="William Hood Simpson">Simpson Board</a> tasked to plan, "...the reorganization of the Army and the Air Force...".<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1946, Generals <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Andrew_Spaatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Andrew Spaatz">Spaatz</a> agreed on an Air Force organization composed of the Strategic Air Command, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defense Command">Air Defense Command</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_Command_(United_States_Air_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Transport Command (United States Air Force)">Air Transport Command</a> and the supporting <a href="/wiki/Air_Technical_Service_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Technical Service Command">Air Technical Service Command</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">Air Training Command</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Air_University_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Air University (United States Air Force)">Air University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces_School_of_Applied_Tactics#Lineage" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics">Air Force Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment_and_transfer_to_USAF">Establishment and transfer to USAF</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment and transfer to USAF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_B-47B_rocket-assisted_take_off_on_April_15,_1954_061024-F-1234S-011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Boeing_B-47B_rocket-assisted_take_off_on_April_15%2C_1954_061024-F-1234S-011.jpg/220px-Boeing_B-47B_rocket-assisted_take_off_on_April_15%2C_1954_061024-F-1234S-011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Boeing_B-47B_rocket-assisted_take_off_on_April_15%2C_1954_061024-F-1234S-011.jpg/330px-Boeing_B-47B_rocket-assisted_take_off_on_April_15%2C_1954_061024-F-1234S-011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Boeing_B-47B_rocket-assisted_take_off_on_April_15%2C_1954_061024-F-1234S-011.jpg/440px-Boeing_B-47B_rocket-assisted_take_off_on_April_15%2C_1954_061024-F-1234S-011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">Boeing B-47B Stratojet</a> executing a <a href="/wiki/Rocket-assisted_take_off" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket-assisted take off">rocket-assisted take off</a> (RATO) on 15 April 1954</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of the 32 "airfields and installations" for which SAC assumed jurisdiction<sup id="cite_ref-HS-61_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS-61-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 21 March 1946, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Strategic_Air_Command_bases" title="List of Strategic Air Command bases">Strategic Air Command bases</a>.</div> <p><b>Strategic Air Command</b> was originally established in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a> on 21 March 1946 upon the redesignation of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Air_Forces" title="Continental Air Forces">Continental Air Forces</a> (CAF), the World War II command tasked with the air defense of the continental United States (CONUS). At the time, CAF headquarters was located at <a href="/wiki/Bolling_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolling Field">Bolling Field</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Bolling_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolling AFB">Bolling AFB</a>) in the District of Columbia and SAC assumed occupancy of its headquarters facilities until relocating SAC headquarters (HQ SAC) to nearby <a href="/wiki/Andrews_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews Field">Andrews Field</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Andrews_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews AFB">Andrews AFB</a>), Maryland as a tenant activity until assuming control of Andrews Field in October 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyne_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyne-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAC initially totaled 37,000 USAAF personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Bolling Field and, seven months later, Andrews Field, SAC also assumed responsibility for: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Air_Force_Base" title="Walker Air Force Base">Roswell AAF</a>, New Mexico (later renamed Roswell AFB, then <a href="/wiki/Walker_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Walker AFB">Walker AFB</a>), then home of the USAAF's sole nuclear-capable bomb wing, and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schilling_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Schilling Air Force Base">Smoky Hill AAF</a>, Kansas (later renamed Smoky Hill AFB, then <a href="/wiki/Schilling_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Schilling AFB">Schilling AFB</a>)</li></ul> <p>SAC also had seven additional CAF bases transferred on 21 March 1946 which remained in SAC through the 1947 establishment of the U.S. Air Force as an independent service. Those installations included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Air_Force_Base" title="Castle Air Force Base">Castle Field</a>, California (later <a href="/wiki/Castle_Air_Force_Base" title="Castle Air Force Base">Castle Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base" title="Cannon Air Force Base">Clovis AAF</a>, New Mexico (later <a href="/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base" title="Cannon Air Force Base">Cannon Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carswell_Air_Force_Base" title="Carswell Air Force Base">Fort Worth AAF</a>, Texas (later <a href="/wiki/Carswell_Air_Force_Base" title="Carswell Air Force Base">Carswell Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis-Monthan_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Davis-Monthan Air Force Base">Davis-Monthan Field</a>, Arizona (later <a href="/wiki/Davis-Monthan_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Davis-Monthan Air Force Base">Davis-Monthan Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Air_Force_Base" title="Ellsworth Air Force Base">Rapid City AAF</a>, South Dakota (later <a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Air_Force_Base" title="Ellsworth Air Force Base">Ellsworth Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill Field</a>, Florida (later <a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Air_Force_Base" title="Mountain Home Air Force Base">Mountain Home AAF</a>, Idaho (later <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Air_Force_Base" title="Mountain Home Air Force Base">Mountain Home Air Force Base</a>)</li></ul> <p>On 31 March 1946, the following additional installation was also assigned to SAC: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base" title="Kirtland Air Force Base">Kirtland Field</a>, New Mexico (later <a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base" title="Kirtland Air Force Base">Kirtland Air Force Base</a>)</li></ul> <p>Under the first SAC <a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Strategic_Air_Command" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command">Commander in Chief</a>, General <a href="/wiki/George_C._Kenney" class="mw-redirect" title="George C. Kenney">George C. Kenney</a>, initial units reporting to the Strategic Air Command headquarters on 21 March 1946 included the <a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second Air Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IX_Troop_Carrier_Command" title="IX Troop Carrier Command">IX Troop Carrier Command</a> and the <a href="/wiki/73d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="73d Air Division">73d Air Division</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a> was assigned to SAC on 31 March (15th AF's <a href="/wiki/263rd_Army_Air_Force_Base_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="263rd Army Air Force Base Unit">263rd Army Air Force Base Unit</a>—with <a href="/wiki/Category:Strategic_Air_Command_radar_stations" title="Category:Strategic Air Command radar stations">SAC's radar detachments</a>—transferred the same date directly under HQ SAC <sup id="cite_ref-Summary_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), while the IX Troop Carrier Command was inactivated the same date and its assets redistributed within SAC. </p><p>With postwar demobilization still underway, eight of the ten assigned bomb groups were inactivated before the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> was assigned to SAC on 7 June 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the pressures of demobilization, SAC continued the training and evaluation of bomber crews and units still on active duty in the postwar Army Air Forces. <a href="/wiki/Radar_Bomb_Scoring" title="Radar Bomb Scoring">Radar Bomb Scoring</a> became the preferred method of evaluating bomber crews, with the last of <a href="/wiki/Radar_Bomb_Scoring" title="Radar Bomb Scoring">888 simulated bomb runs scored</a> against a bombing site near <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, California during 1946, subsequently increasing to 2,449 bomb runs by 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Summary_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of the successful employment of air-dropped nuclear weapons against Hiroshima and Nagasaki to effectively end World War II, SAC became the focus of the nation's nuclear strike capability, to the extent that <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> (JCS) Publication 1259/27 on 12 December 1946 identified that, "...the 'air atomic' strategic air force should only come under the orders of the JCS."<sup id="cite_ref-Worden_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the strategic bombing mission, SAC also devoted significant resources to aerial reconnaissance. In 1946, SAC's reconnaissance aircraft inventory consisted of F-2 photo variants of the <a href="/wiki/C-45_Expeditor" class="mw-redirect" title="C-45 Expeditor">C-45 Expeditor</a> support aircraft, but by 1947 SAC had acquired an F-9C squadron consisting of twelve photo-reconnaissance variants of the <a href="/wiki/B-17G_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17G Flying Fortress">B-17G Flying Fortress</a>. An <a href="/wiki/B-29_Superfortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29 Superfortress">F-13</a> squadron, the F-13 later re-designated as the <a href="/wiki/B-29_Superfortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29 Superfortress">RB-29 Superfortress</a>, was also established. SAC conducted routine aerial reconnaissance missions near the Soviet borders or near the 12-mile international waters limit, although some missions actually penetrated into Soviet airspace. The flight profiles of these missions—above 30,000 feet and in excess of 300 knots—made interception by Soviet air forces difficult until the Soviet's 1948 introduction of the <a href="/wiki/MiG-15" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-15">MiG-15</a> jet fighter.<sup id="cite_ref-Wack_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Project_Nanook" title="Project Nanook">Project Nanook</a>, the Cold War's first Top Secret reconnaissance effort, used the first RB-29 missions for mapping and visual reconnaissance in the Arctic and along the northern Soviet coast. Later missions were Project LEOPARD along the <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Peninsula" title="Chukchi Peninsula">Chukchi Peninsula</a>, followed by Projects RICKRACK, STONEWORK, and COVERALLS.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, the US possessed only nine atomic bombs and twenty-seven <a href="/wiki/B-29" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29">B-29s</a> capable at any one time of delivering them.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, it was later determined that an attack by the <a href="/wiki/509th_Bomb_Wing" title="509th Bomb Wing">509th Composite Bomb Group</a> during the 1947 to 1948 time frame would have required at least five to six days just to transfer custody of the bombs from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">United States Atomic Energy Commission</a> (AEC) sites to SAC and deploy the aircraft and weapons to forward operating bases before launching nuclear strikes.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor2538995_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor2538995-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postwar budget and personnel cuts had an insidious effect on SAC as its Deputy Commander, Major General Clements McMullen, implemented mandated force reductions. This continued to wear down SAC as a command and morale plummeted. As a result, by the end of 1947, only two of SAC's eleven groups were combat ready.<sup id="cite_ref-Worden_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1948 <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a> nuclear tests, the "Half Moon" Joint Emergency War Plan developed in May 1948<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposed dropping 50 atomic bombs on twenty Soviet cities,<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> with President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> approving "Half Moon" during the June 1948 <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68–9">: 68–9 </span></sup> (Truman sent B-29s to Europe in July).<sup id="cite_ref-Weitze_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weitze-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAC also ordered special ELINT RB-29s to detect improved Soviet <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radars</a> and, in cooperation with the 51st Air Force Base Unit, SAC also monitored radioactive fallout from Soviet atomic testing on <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya">Novaya Zemlya</a>. </p><p>In terms of overall Air Force basing and infrastructure, SAC continued to acquire an ever-increasing share of USAF infrastructure and the USAF associated budget. In 1947, before the USAF was established as an independent service, construction commenced on <a href="/wiki/Loring_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Loring AFB">Limestone AAF</a>, Maine (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Loring_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Loring AFB">Loring AFB</a>), a new SAC installation specifically designed to accommodate the <a href="/wiki/B-36_Peacemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="B-36 Peacemaker">B-36 Peacemaker</a>. <a href="/wiki/McGuire_Air_Force_Base" title="McGuire Air Force Base">Fort Dix AAF</a>, New Jersey (later <a href="/wiki/McGuire_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="McGuire AFB">McGuire AFB</a>); <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Air_Force_Base" title="Fairchild Air Force Base">Spokane AAF</a>, Washington (later <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairchild AFB">Fairchild AFB</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Wendover_Air_Force_Base" title="Wendover Air Force Base">Wendover Field</a>, Utah (later <a href="/wiki/Wendover_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendover AFB">Wendover AFB</a>) were also transferred to SAC between 30 April and 1 September 1947. Following the establishment of the USAF as a separate service, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Strategic_Air_Command_bases" title="List of Strategic Air Command bases">SAC bases in the United States</a> consisted of:<sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Air_Force_Base" title="Castle Air Force Base">Castle Air Force Base</a>, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Air Force Base">Patrick Air Force Base</a>, Florida<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base" title="Cannon Air Force Base">Cannon Air Force Base</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carswell_Air_Force_Base" title="Carswell Air Force Base">Carswell Air Force Base</a>, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis-Monthan_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Davis-Monthan Air Force Base">Davis-Monthan Air Force Base</a>, Arizona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Air_Force_Base" title="Ellsworth Air Force Base">Ellsworth Air Force Base</a>, South Dakota</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill Air Force Base</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Air_Force_Base" title="Mountain Home Air Force Base">Mountain Home Air Force Base</a>, Idaho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base" title="Kirtland Air Force Base">Kirtland Air Force Base</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loring_Air_Force_Base" title="Loring Air Force Base">Loring Air Force Base</a>, Maine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGuire_Air_Force_Base" title="McGuire Air Force Base">McGuire Air Force Base</a>, New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Air_Force_Base" title="Fairchild Air Force Base">Fairchild Air Force Base</a>, Washington</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendover_Air_Force_Base" title="Wendover Air Force Base">Wendover Air Force Base</a>, Utah</li></ul> </div> <p>Those <a href="/wiki/List_of_Strategic_Air_Command_bases" title="List of Strategic Air Command bases">bases subsequently added to SAC in the United States</a> included:<sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li>1 July 1948: <a href="/wiki/Topeka_Regional_Airport" title="Topeka Regional Airport">Topeka Air Force Base</a>, Kansas (later <a href="/wiki/Topeka_Regional_Airport" title="Topeka Regional Airport">Forbes Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>1 October 1948: <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a>, Nebraska</li> <li>1 October 1948: <a href="/wiki/Biggs_Army_Airfield" title="Biggs Army Airfield">Biggs Air Force Base</a>, Texas</li> <li>1 July 1947: <a href="/wiki/Castle_Air_Force_Base" title="Castle Air Force Base">Castle Air Force Base</a>, California</li> <li>21 March 1949: <a href="/wiki/Bergstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Bergstrom Air Force Base">Bergstrom Air Force Base</a>, Texas</li> <li>1 May 1949: <a href="/wiki/March_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="March Air Force Base">March Air Force Base</a>, California</li> <li>1 May 1949: <a href="/wiki/Travis_Air_Force_Base" title="Travis Air Force Base">Fairfield-Suisun AFB</a>, California (later <a href="/wiki/Travis_Air_Force_Base" title="Travis Air Force Base">Travis Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>1 November 1949: <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale Air Force Base</a>, Louisiana<sup id="cite_ref-AETChistory_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AETChistory-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 59">: 59 </span></sup></li> <li>29 September 1950: <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Army_Airfield" title="Hunter Army Airfield">Hunter Air Force Base</a>, Georgia</li> <li>1 November 1950: <a href="/wiki/Ramey_Air_Force_Base" title="Ramey Air Force Base">Ramey Air Force Base</a>, Puerto Rico</li> <li>1 February 1951: <a href="/wiki/Chennault_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennault Air Force Base">Lake Charles Air Force Base</a>, Louisiana <br />(later <a href="/wiki/Chennault_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennault Air Force Base">Chennault Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>1 March 1951: <a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base">Lockbourne Air Force Base</a>, Ohio (later <a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickenbacker Air Force Base">Rickenbacker Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>23 July 1951: <a href="/wiki/George_Air_Force_Base" title="George Air Force Base">George Air Force Base</a>, California</li> <li>1 August 1951: <a href="/wiki/Whiteman_Air_Force_Base" title="Whiteman Air Force Base">Sedalia Air Force Base</a>, Missouri (later <a href="/wiki/Whiteman_Air_Force_Base" title="Whiteman Air Force Base">Whiteman Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>1 September 1951: <a href="/wiki/Pinecastle_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinecastle Air Force Base">Pinecastle Air Force Base</a>, Florida (later <a href="/wiki/McCoy_Air_Force_Base" title="McCoy Air Force Base">McCoy Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>20 May 1952: <a href="/wiki/Bangor_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Bangor Air National Guard Base">Dow Air Force Base</a>, Maine</li> <li>5 January 1953: <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Air Force Base">Homestead Air Force Base</a>, Florida</li> <li>15 February 1953: <a href="/wiki/Loring_Air_Force_Base" title="Loring Air Force Base">Loring Air Force Base</a>, Maine</li> <li>18 December 1953: <a href="/wiki/Malmstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Malmstrom Air Force Base">Malmstrom Air Force Base</a>, Montana</li> <li>1 February 1954: <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Air National Guard Base">Lincoln Air Force Base</a>, Nebraska</li> <li>21 June 1954: <a href="/wiki/Altus_Air_Force_Base" title="Altus Air Force Base">Altus Air Force Base</a>, Oklahoma</li> <li>1 February 1955: <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Air_Force_Base" title="Little Rock Air Force Base">Little Rock Air Force Base</a>, Arkansas</li> <li>1 February 1955: <a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_Air_Force_Base" title="Plattsburgh Air Force Base">Plattsburgh Air Force Base</a>, New York</li> <li>1 February 1955: <a href="/wiki/Pease_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pease Air Force Base">Portsmouth Air Force Base</a>, New Hampshire <br />(later <a href="/wiki/Pease_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pease Air Force Base">Pease Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>15 March 1955: <a href="/wiki/Clinton-Sherman_Air_Force_Base" title="Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base">Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base</a>, Oklahoma</li> <li>1 April 1955: <a href="/wiki/Westover_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Westover Air Force Base">Westover Air Force Base</a>, Massachusetts</li> <li>1 April 1955: <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Air_Force_Base" title="Columbus Air Force Base">Columbus Air Force Base</a>, Mississippi</li> <li>15 April 1956: <a href="/wiki/Dyess_Air_Force_Base" title="Dyess Air Force Base">Abilene Air Force Base</a>, Texas (later <a href="/wiki/Dyess_Air_Force_Base" title="Dyess Air Force Base">Dyess Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>1 May 1956: <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Albany" title="Naval Air Station Albany">Turner Air Force Base</a>, Georgia</li> <li>1 July 1956: <a href="/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Base" title="Beale Air Force Base">Beale Air Force Base</a>, California</li> <li>1 April 1957: <a href="/wiki/Laughlin_Air_Force_Base" title="Laughlin Air Force Base">Laughlin Air Force Base</a>, Texas</li> <li>5 June 1957: <a href="/wiki/R.I._Bong_Air_Force_Base" title="R.I. Bong Air Force Base">Richard I. Bong Air Force Base</a>, Wisconsin <br />(base never completed; declared excess 23 August 1960)</li> <li>1 September 1957: <a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunker Hill Air Force Base">Bunker Hill Air Force Base</a>, Indiana (later <a href="/wiki/Grissom_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Grissom Air Force Base">Grissom Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>1 January 1958: <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a>, California</li> <li>1 February 1958: <a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren_Air_Force_Base" title="Francis E. Warren Air Force Base">Francis E. Warren Air Force Base</a>, Wyoming</li> <li>1 April 1958: <a href="/wiki/Blytheville_Air_Force_Base" title="Blytheville Air Force Base">Blytheville Air Force Base</a>, Arkansas (later <a href="/wiki/Eaker_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Eaker Air Force Base">Eaker Air Force Base</a>)</li> <li>1 August 1958: <a href="/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base" title="Wurtsmith Air Force Base">Wurtsmith Air Force Base</a>, Michigan</li> <li>1 January 1960: <a href="/wiki/Larson_Air_Force_Base" title="Larson Air Force Base">Larson Air Force Base</a>, Washington</li> <li>1 April 1960: <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Air_Force_Base" title="Glasgow Air Force Base">Glasgow Air Force Base</a>, Montana</li> <li>1 July 1962: <a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Base" title="Minot Air Force Base">Minot Air Force Base</a>, North Dakota</li> <li>1 July 1963: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Air_Force_Base" title="Grand Forks Air Force Base">Grand Forks Air Force Base</a>, North Dakota</li> <li>1 January 1964: <a href="/wiki/K._I._Sawyer_Air_Force_Base" title="K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base">K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base</a>, Michigan</li> <li>1 October 1968: <a href="/wiki/Kincheloe_Air_Force_Base" title="Kincheloe Air Force Base">Kincheloe Air Force Base</a>, Michigan</li> <li>1 July 1970: <a href="/wiki/Griffiss_Air_Force_Base" title="Griffiss Air Force Base">Griffiss Air Force Base</a>, New York</li> <li>1 July 1972: <a href="/wiki/McConnell_Air_Force_Base" title="McConnell Air Force Base">McConnell Air Force Base</a>, Kansas</li> <li>1 October 1979: <a href="/wiki/Peterson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterson AFB">Peterson AFB</a>, Colorado and various <a href="/wiki/BMEWS" class="mw-redirect" title="BMEWS">BMEWS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_Surveillance_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Surveillance Network">SSN</a> radar stations</li></ul> </div> <p>In addition to bases under its operational control, SAC also maintained tenant wings at several bases under the control of other USAF MAJCOMs. These non-SAC bases with SAC tenants included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Husband_Amarillo_International_Airport#Amarillo_Air_Force_Base_(1951–1968)" title="Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport">Amarillo AFB</a>, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglin_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglin AFB">Eglin AFB</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowry_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowry AFB">Lowry AFB</a>, Colorado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mather_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mather AFB">Mather AFB</a>, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robins_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Robins AFB">Robins AFB</a>, Georgia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymour Johnson AFB">Seymour Johnson AFB</a>, North Carolina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheppard_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheppard AFB">Sheppard AFB</a>, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright-Patterson AFB">Wright-Patterson AFB</a>, Ohio</li></ul> <p>SAC also often maintained a tenant presence at former SAC bases that the command subsequently transferred and relinquished to other MAJCOMs, to include but not limited to: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altus_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Altus AFB">Altus AFB</a>, Oklahoma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughlin_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Laughlin AFB">Laughlin AFB</a>, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDill_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDill AFB">MacDill AFB</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead AFB">Homestead AFB</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Travis AFB">Travis AFB</a>, California</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Run-up_to_Korea_and_start_of_the_Cold_War">Run-up to Korea and start of the Cold War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Run-up to Korea and start of the Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kee_Bird_The_Day_It_Crashed_-_19_Feb_1947.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Kee_Bird_The_Day_It_Crashed_-_19_Feb_1947.png/220px-Kee_Bird_The_Day_It_Crashed_-_19_Feb_1947.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Kee_Bird_The_Day_It_Crashed_-_19_Feb_1947.png/330px-Kee_Bird_The_Day_It_Crashed_-_19_Feb_1947.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Kee_Bird_The_Day_It_Crashed_-_19_Feb_1947.png/440px-Kee_Bird_The_Day_It_Crashed_-_19_Feb_1947.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>The RB-29 "<a href="/wiki/Kee_Bird" title="Kee Bird">Kee Bird</a>" made an emergency landing in Greenland after a secret 1947 mission.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg/220px-11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg/330px-11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg/440px-11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/11th_Wing" title="11th Wing">11th Bombardment Wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Convair_B-36" class="mw-redirect" title="Convair B-36">Convair B-36J-5-CF Peacemaker</a>, AF Ser. No. 52-2225, circa 1955, showing "Six turnin', four burnin'".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-52-castleafb-1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/B-52-castleafb-1957.jpg/220px-B-52-castleafb-1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/B-52-castleafb-1957.jpg/330px-B-52-castleafb-1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/B-52-castleafb-1957.jpg/440px-B-52-castleafb-1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/93d_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="93d Bombardment Wing">93 BW</a> B-52Bs at <a href="/wiki/Castle_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle AFB">Castle AFB</a> after the 1957 fastest round-the-world flight.</figcaption></figure> <p>SAC transferred to the United States Air Force on 26 September 1947, concurrent with the latter's establishment as a separate military service. Units directly under SAC HQ included the 8AF and 15AF, as well as the <a href="/wiki/311th_Air_Division" title="311th Air Division">311th Air Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Wing" title="4th Fighter Wing">4th Fighter Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="82nd Fighter Wing">82nd Fighter Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/307th_Bomb_Wing" title="307th Bomb Wing">307th Bomb Wing</a>, and two reconnaissance units, the <a href="/wiki/311th_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="311th Reconnaissance Wing">311th Reconnaissance Wing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/46th_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="46th Reconnaissance Squadron">46th Reconnaissance Squadron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/56th_Fighter_Wing" title="56th Fighter Wing">56th Fighter Wing</a> was subsequently assigned to SAC on 1 October 1947. </p><p>Following the establishment of the U.S. Air Force, most SAC installations on U.S. territory were renamed as "Air Force Base" during late 1947 and into 1948, while non-U.S. installations were renamed as "Air Base".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1948, in an exercise versus <a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defense Command">Air Defense Command</a>'s "Blue" force, a SAC "Red" strike force simulated attacks on <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Seaboard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Seaboard of the United States">Eastern Seaboard</a> targets as far south as Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaffel_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaffel-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 77">: 77 </span></sup> After a "scathing" 1948 <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Lindbergh" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a> review of SAC operations in the air and at six SAC bases,<sup id="cite_ref-Worden_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Kenney was removed as Commanding General on 15 October 1948<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and replaced on 19 October 1948 by 8AF's commander, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a>. Upon LeMay's assumption of command, SAC had only 60 nuclear-capable aircraft, none of which possessed a realistic long range capability against the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-Tillman_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tillman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>LeMay proposed that SAC should be able to deliver 80% of its weapons in one mission.<sup id="cite_ref-rhodes19950611_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhodes19950611-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The B-29D, which had become the <a href="/wiki/B-50_Superfortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-50 Superfortress">B-50</a> in December 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was first delivered to SAC in June 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Baugher_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baugher-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by SAC's first Convair <a href="/wiki/B-36_Peacemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="B-36 Peacemaker">B-36 Peacemaker</a> bomber arriving at <a href="/wiki/Kirtland_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirtland AFB">Kirtland AFB</a>, New Mexico in September 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1948, LeMay had SAC's headquarters and its command post moved from <a href="/wiki/Andrews_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews AFB">Andrews AFB</a>, Maryland to <a href="/wiki/Offutt_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Offutt AFB">Offutt AFB</a>, Nebraska. At Offutt, the command moved into the "A Building", a three-story facility that had previously been used by the <a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Company" title="Glenn L. Martin Company">Glenn L. Martin Company</a> during World War II. Concurrent with the establishment of this new headquarters facility, Lemay also increased SAC <a href="/wiki/Radar_Bomb_Scoring" title="Radar Bomb Scoring">Radar Bomb Scoring</a> (RBS) runs the same year to 12,084.<sup id="cite_ref-Summary_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAC also enhanced its organic fighter escort capability by initiating replacement of its World War II vintage piston-engine <a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">F-51D Mustang</a> and <a href="/wiki/F-82E_Twin_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="F-82E Twin Mustang">F-82E Twin Mustang</a> fighter aircraft with <a href="/wiki/F-84G_Thunderjet" class="mw-redirect" title="F-84G Thunderjet">F-84G Thunderjets</a>. </p><p>In January 1949, SAC conducted simulated raids on <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright-Patterson AFB">Wright-Patterson AFB</a>, Ohio. Assessments of these simulated raids by "...LeMay's entire command...were appalling",<sup id="cite_ref-rhodes19950611_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhodes19950611-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite the SAC deputy commander, Major General McMullen, having instructed all bomber units to improve their effectiveness. To motivate crews and improve operational effectiveness command-wide, SAC established <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairchild Trophy">a competition, the first so-called "Bomb Comp"</a> in 1948. Winners of this inaugural event were the <a href="/wiki/43rd_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="43rd Bombardment Group">43rd Bombardment Group</a> (unit) and, for aircrew award, a B-29 team from the <a href="/wiki/509th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="509th Bombardment Group">509th Bombardment Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given its global operating environment, SAC also opened its own survival school at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Carson" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Carson">Camp Carson</a>, Colorado in 1949, later moving this school to <a href="/wiki/Reno_Stead_Airport" title="Reno Stead Airport">Stead AFB</a>, Nevada in 1952 before transferring the school to the <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Command" title="Air Training Command">Air Training Command</a> in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-AETChistory_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AETChistory-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAC also created <a href="/wiki/United_States_war_plans_(1945%E2%80%931950)" title="United States war plans (1945–1950)">Emergency War Plan</a> 1–49 (EWP 1–49), which outlined the means for delivering 133 atomic bombs, "...the entire stockpile...in a single massive attack..." on 70 Soviet cities over a 30-day period.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Soviet atomic bomb test occurred on 29 August 1949 and the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> (JCS) subsequently identified SAC's primary objective was to damage or destroy the Soviet Union's ability to deliver nuclear weapons. The JCS further defined SAC's secondary objective was to stop any Soviet advances into Western Europe, and its tertiary objective was the previous EWP 1–49 industrial mission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1950, in response to combat operations on the Korean peninsula, SAC dispatched ten nuclear-capable bombers to <a href="/wiki/Andersen_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andersen AFB">Guam</a> and deployed four B-29 bomber wings in Korea for tactical operations, although this action caused SAC commander LeMay to comment "...too many splinters were being whittled off the [deterrence] stick".<sup id="cite_ref-Tillman_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tillman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initial SAC B-29 successes against North Korea in the summer of 1950 were countered by subsequent Soviet <a href="/wiki/MiG-15" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-15">MiG-15</a> fighter-interceptors, and SAC's <a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="27th Special Operations Wing">27th Fighter Escort Wing</a> began escorting the bombers with F–84 Thunderjets.<sup id="cite_ref-AFD100526_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFD100526-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ground-directed_bombing" title="Ground-directed bombing">Ground-directed bombing</a> (GDB) was subsequently used for <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> (CAS) missions after three SAC radar bomb scoring (RBS) squadron detachments (Dets C, K, & N) arrived at <a href="/wiki/Pusan,_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pusan, South Korea">Pusan</a> in September 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-AFD100526_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFD100526-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, SAC "began to eliminate its combat groups", transferring medium bombardment groups "to <a href="/wiki/Far_East_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Far East Air Forces">Far East Air Forces</a> (FEAF) Bomber Command for combat."<sup id="cite_ref-AFD100526_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFD100526-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, LeMay convinced the Air Staff to allow SAC to approve nuclear targets,<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg1983-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> and he continued refusing to submit war plans for JCS review, which the JCS eventually came to accept<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg1983-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37">: 37 </span></sup> (of 20,000 candidates in 1960, SAC designated 3,560 as bombing targets—mostly Soviet air defense: airfields and suspected missile sites.)<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg1983-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> </p><p>Although experimented with prior to World War II, SAC refined aerial refueling to a fine art. SAC's in-flight refueling mission began in July 1952 when its <a href="/wiki/31st_Fighter-Escort_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Fighter-Escort Wing">31st Fighter-Escort Wing</a> refueled sixty <a href="/wiki/F-84G_Thunderjet" class="mw-redirect" title="F-84G Thunderjet">F-84G Thunderjets</a> from <a href="/wiki/Turner_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Air Force Base">Turner AFB</a>, Georgia to <a href="/wiki/Travis_Air_Force_Base" title="Travis Air Force Base">Travis AFB</a>, California non-stop with fuel from twenty-four <a href="/wiki/KB-29P_Superfortress" class="mw-redirect" title="KB-29P Superfortress">KB-29P Superfortresses</a> modified into aerial tankers. Exercise FOX PETER ONE followed with 31st FEW fighters being refueled <a href="/wiki/Hickam_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickam AFB">Hickam AFB</a> en route to Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-AFREF_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFREF-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 March 1953, a <a href="/wiki/38th_Strategic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron">38th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron</a> RB-50 returned fire on a Soviet MiG-15, while a <a href="/wiki/343d_Strategic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="343d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron">343d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron</a> RB-50 was shot down over the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> 2 days after the Korean Armistice, while on 7 November 1954, an RB-29 was shot down near <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaido Island">Hokkaido Island</a> in northern Japan. By the time of 27 July 1953 Korean War cease-fire, SAC B-29s had flown over 21,000 sorties and dropped nearly 167,000 tons of bombs, with thirty-four B-29s lost in combat<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and forty-eight B-29s were lost to damage or crashes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cold_War_and_massive_retaliation">Cold War and massive retaliation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cold War and massive retaliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titan2_color_silo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Titan2_color_silo.jpg/220px-Titan2_color_silo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Titan2_color_silo.jpg/330px-Titan2_color_silo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Titan2_color_silo.jpg/440px-Titan2_color_silo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II">Titan II</a> missile launching from Site 395-C, a test launch silo at <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB">Vandenberg AFB</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAC_logo_on_B-47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/SAC_logo_on_B-47.jpg/220px-SAC_logo_on_B-47.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/SAC_logo_on_B-47.jpg/330px-SAC_logo_on_B-47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/SAC_logo_on_B-47.jpg/440px-SAC_logo_on_B-47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5558" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>Strategic Air Command logo on a B-47 on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Mighty_Eighth_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air Force">National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pooler,_Georgia" title="Pooler, Georgia">Pooler, Georgia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>SAC's first jet strategic bomber was the <a href="/wiki/B-47_Stratojet" class="mw-redirect" title="B-47 Stratojet">swept-wing B-47</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> medium bomber, which first entered service in 1951 and became operational within SAC in 1953. The B-47 was a component of the October 1953 <i><a href="/wiki/New_Look_(policy)" title="New Look (policy)">New Look</a></i> strategy, which articulated, in part, that: "<i>...to minimize the threat<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>...the major purpose of <a href="/wiki/Permanent_System_radar_stations" title="Permanent System radar stations">air defense</a> was not to shoot down enemy bombers—it was to allow SAC<sup id="cite_ref-Schaffel_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaffel-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>...to get into the air</i>[--and]<i> not be destroyed on the ground</i>[--to allow]<i> <a href="/wiki/Massive_retaliation" title="Massive retaliation">massive retaliation</a></i>."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concern of a <a href="/wiki/Bomber_gap" title="Bomber gap">bomber gap</a> grew after the 1955 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Aviation_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Aviation Day">Soviet Aviation Day</a> and the Soviets rejected the "<a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Open_Skies" title="Treaty on Open Skies">Open Skies</a>" Treaty proposed at the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit</a> on 21 July 1955. US bomber strength peaked with "over 2,500 bombers" after production "of over 2,000 B-47s and almost 750 B-52s" (circa 1956, 50% of SAC aircraft & 80% of SAC bombers were B-47s).<sup id="cite_ref-Boyne_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyne-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104">: 104 </span></sup> </p><p>In an effort to concurrently enhance its reconnaissance capabilities, SAC also received several <a href="/wiki/Martin_RB-57D_Canberra" title="Martin RB-57D Canberra">RB-57D Canberra</a> aircraft <a href="/wiki/4080th_Strategic_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="4080th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing">in April 1956</a>, with the aircraft initially based at <a href="/wiki/Turner_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner AFB">Turner AFB</a>, Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-Mikesh_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mikesh-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957, these aircraft were forward deployed to <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Air_Base" title="Rhein-Main Air Base">Rhein-Main Air Base</a>, West Germany, in order to conduct reconnaissance missions along the borders of the Soviet Union and other <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> nations. However, an unintended consequence of this deployment was that <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunter</a> fighters of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> stationed in the United Kingdom and in continental Europe often intercepted these classified RB-57 missions as they returned to Rhein-Main AB from over the Baltic.<sup id="cite_ref-Mikesh_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mikesh-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since it was designed as a medium bomber, SAC's <a href="/wiki/B-47_Stratojet" class="mw-redirect" title="B-47 Stratojet">B-47 Stratojet</a> traded speed for range. Because of this shorter range, and in order to better enable the B-47 fleet to reach its target sets in the Soviet Union, SAC routinely deployed its US-based B-47 wings to overseas forward operating bases in North Africa, Spain and Turkey. This program, in effect from 1957 to 1966, was known as "Reflex" with <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth Air Force</a> (16AF), a SAC <a href="/wiki/Numbered_air_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Numbered air force">numbered air force</a> permanently stationed in Europe, having tactical and administrative control of the forward-deployed aircraft and units.<sup id="cite_ref-Baugher_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baugher-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1955, SAC also moved a portion of its bomber and aerial refueling aircraft to 24-hour alert status, either on the ground or airborne. By 1960, fully one third of SAC's bombers and aerial refueling aircraft were on 24-hour alert, with those crews and aircraft not already airborne ready to take off from designated alert sites at their respective bases within fifteen minutes. Bomber aircraft on ground alert were armed with nuclear weapons while aerial tanker aircraft were sufficiently fueled to provide maximum combat fuel offload to the bombers.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concurrent with this increased alert posture and in order to better hone strategic bombing skillsets, the 1955 <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairchild Trophy">SAC Bombing and Navigation Competition</a> was characterized by radar bomb scoring (RBS) runs on Amarillo, <a href="/wiki/Lowry_Bombing_and_Gunnery_Range#Denver_Bomb_Plot" title="Lowry Bombing and Gunnery Range">Denver</a>, Salt Lake City, Kansas City, San Antonio<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Phoenix;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1957 competition (nicknamed "Operation Longshot")<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had three targets: <a href="/wiki/Statesboro_Bomb_Scoring_Site" title="Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site">Atlanta</a>, Kansas City, and St. Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This use of RBS with simulated target areas utilizing mobile and fixed bomb scoring sites adjacent to major cities, industrial areas, military installations and dedicated bombing ranges throughout the United States. This format would continue through successive SAC Bombing and Navigation Competitions through the remainder of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Commencing in the late 1950s, in addition to representation from every SAC wing with a bombing and/or air refueling mission, later SAC competitions would also include participating bomber and aerial refueling units from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">Bomber Command</a> and (after 30 April 1968) its successor, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Strike_Command" title="RAF Strike Command">RAF Strike Command</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_Bunkers,_SAC_Ground_Alert,_and_transfer_of_SAC's_Fighter-Escort_Wings"><span id="Nuclear_Bunkers.2C_SAC_Ground_Alert.2C_and_transfer_of_SAC.27s_Fighter-Escort_Wings"></span><span class="anchor" id="Nuclear_bunkers"></span>Nuclear Bunkers, SAC Ground Alert, and transfer of SAC's Fighter-Escort Wings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nuclear Bunkers, SAC Ground Alert, and transfer of SAC's Fighter-Escort Wings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the underground NORAD and aboveground Pentagon command posts, see <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_Complex" title="Cheyenne Mountain Complex">Cheyenne Mountain Complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Military_Command_Center" title="National Military Command Center">National Military Command Center</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Offutt_Air_Force_Base_-_SAC_Headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Offutt_Air_Force_Base_-_SAC_Headquarters.jpg/247px-Offutt_Air_Force_Base_-_SAC_Headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Offutt_Air_Force_Base_-_SAC_Headquarters.jpg/371px-Offutt_Air_Force_Base_-_SAC_Headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Offutt_Air_Force_Base_-_SAC_Headquarters.jpg/494px-Offutt_Air_Force_Base_-_SAC_Headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Strategic Air Command Headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Jimmy_Carter_and_Chairman_of_The_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_while_touring_Strategic_Air_Command%27s_Headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Jimmy_Carter_and_Chairman_of_The_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_while_touring_Strategic_Air_Command%27s_Headquarters.jpg/247px-President_Jimmy_Carter_and_Chairman_of_The_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_while_touring_Strategic_Air_Command%27s_Headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Jimmy_Carter_and_Chairman_of_The_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_while_touring_Strategic_Air_Command%27s_Headquarters.jpg/371px-President_Jimmy_Carter_and_Chairman_of_The_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_while_touring_Strategic_Air_Command%27s_Headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Jimmy_Carter_and_Chairman_of_The_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_while_touring_Strategic_Air_Command%27s_Headquarters.jpg/494px-President_Jimmy_Carter_and_Chairman_of_The_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_while_touring_Strategic_Air_Command%27s_Headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1845" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> visiting Strategic Air Command's Headquarters.</figcaption></figure> <p>It was described as the "Western Pentagon," specifically a, "...four-story, reinforced concrete and masonry office building..." above ground and a "...segregated, adjacent three-story below ground command post." This was the description of what would become Building 500 at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Offutt AFB">Offutt AFB</a> and the new headquarters complex built expressly for SAC, with construction commencing in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Weitze_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weitze-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAC headquarters moved from the A Building at Offutt AFB to Building 500 in 1957. The underground <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_bunker" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear bunker">nuclear bunker</a> had 24-inch thick walls and base floor, 10-inch thick intermediate floors, and 24-to-42-inch thick roof. It also contained a war room with six 16-foot data display screens and the capacity to sustain up to 800 people underground for two weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-Weitze_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weitze-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The below ground bunker portion of the headquarters complex also contained an <a href="/wiki/IBM_704" title="IBM 704">IBM 704</a> computer, which was used to develop monthly weather forecasts at targets, as well as for computing fuel consumption and fallout cloud patterns for planning strike routes and egress routes (e.g., determining the timing as to which targets to bomb first).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1957, SAC also constructed <a href="/wiki/Post-Attack_Command_and_Control_System_Facility,_Hadley" title="Post-Attack Command and Control System Facility, Hadley">The Notch</a>, a facility alternatively known as the <b>8th Air Force Combat Operations Center</b> (COC) and the <b>Westover Communications Annex</b>, since it was a sub-post of nearby <a href="/wiki/Westover_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Westover AFB">Westover AFB</a>. A 3-story nuclear bunker located on <a href="/wiki/Bare_Mountain_(Massachusetts)" title="Bare Mountain (Massachusetts)">Bare Mountain, Massachusetts</a>, The Notch was built with three-foot thick walls, 1.5 foot thick steel blast doors, and 20 feet underground to protect 350 people for 35 days.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Notch was shut down as a SAC facility in 1970 when 8th Air Force was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Barksdale AFB">Barksdale AFB</a>, Louisiana. </p><p>Despite this investment in "hardened" headquarters and command and control facilities, the 1957 <a href="/wiki/Gaither_Report" title="Gaither Report">Gaither Commission</a> identified, "...little likelihood of SAC's bombers surviving [a Soviet first strike] since there was no way <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System" title="Ballistic Missile Early Warning System">to detect an incoming attack</a> until the first [Soviet nuclear weapon] warhead landed."<sup id="cite_ref-Freeman_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freeman-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, SAC's bombers and tankers began sitting armed ground alert at their respective bases on 1 Oct 57.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In another organizational change during this time period, SAC's fighter escort wings were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a> (TAC) during 1957 and 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, during January 1958's <b>Exercise Fir Fly</b>, SAC "faker" aircraft (twelve B-47s) simulated bombing strikes against metropolitan areas and military installations in the United States defended by Air Defense Command's <a href="/wiki/28th_Air_Division" title="28th Air Division">28th Air Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NORAD1959A_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NORAD1959A-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_missiles,_aircrew_readiness,_airborne_alert,_and_strategic_reconnaissance"><span id="Nuclear_missiles.2C_aircrew_readiness.2C_airborne_alert.2C_and_strategic_reconnaissance"></span>Nuclear missiles, aircrew readiness, airborne alert, and strategic reconnaissance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nuclear missiles, aircrew readiness, airborne alert, and strategic reconnaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg/220px-Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg/330px-Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg/440px-Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2054" /></a><figcaption>Minuteman ICBM crew on alert in a <a href="/wiki/Launch_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch complex">launch complex</a> at <a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Base" title="Minot Air Force Base">Minot Air Force Base</a>, North Dakota</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Air_Force_U-2_(2139646280).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/US_Air_Force_U-2_%282139646280%29.jpg/220px-US_Air_Force_U-2_%282139646280%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/US_Air_Force_U-2_%282139646280%29.jpg/330px-US_Air_Force_U-2_%282139646280%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/US_Air_Force_U-2_%282139646280%29.jpg/440px-US_Air_Force_U-2_%282139646280%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>SAC received its first <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a> aircraft in June 1957. </figcaption></figure><p>After SAC's <a href="/wiki/1st_Missile_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Missile Division">1st Missile Division</a> was activated on 18 March 1957, SAC HQ established the Office of Assistant CINCSAC (SAC MIKE) at the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Ballistic_Missile_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Ballistic Missile Division">Air Force Ballistic Missile Division</a> in California on 1 January 1958. SAC MIKE was responsible for missile development liaison,<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the intermediate range <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (missile)">Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/PGM-17A_Thor" class="mw-redirect" title="PGM-17A Thor">Thor</a> missiles having been transferred to SAC for alert in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-Condit_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Condit-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning on 1 February 1958, a SAC Liaison Team was also located at the <a href="/wiki/NORAD" title="NORAD">NORAD</a> Command Post at <a href="/wiki/Ent_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ent AFB">Ent AFB</a>, Colorado, and the two commands agreed that direct land line communications should connect SAC bases with NORAD's <a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Direction_Center" title="Air Defense Direction Center">Air Defense Direction Centers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NORAD1959A_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NORAD1959A-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in the late 1950s, SAC continued to enhance its intelligence collection activities and develop innovative means of improving the survivability of its forces to surprise attack. From 1958 to about 1967, a SAC Detachment (TUSLOG Det 50) operated at <a href="/wiki/Incirlik_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Incirlik AB">Incirlik AB</a>, Turkey, monitoring Soviet missile telemetry from the <a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyuratam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyuratam">Tyuratam</a> launch complexes. In 1959-60, SAC evaluated deploying <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman (missile)">Minuteman I</a> ICBMs via civilian railroad tracks on <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Mobility_Test_Train" title="Minuteman Mobility Test Train">USAF-operated locomotives and trains</a>. </p><p>President Eisenhower approved the first <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas (missile)">Atlas</a> ICBM launch by a SAC crew for 9 September 1959 at Vandenberg AFB.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While missile operations continued to ramp up, robust training for flight crews to ensure survivability for strike missions also continued. In some instances SAC bombers would oppose ADC fighter-interceptors simulating Soviet interceptors. Conversely, SAC assisted ADC readiness by simulating Soviet bomber threats to the continental United States that ADC fighters would respond to. However, following a mid-air collision between an ADC <a href="/wiki/F-102" class="mw-redirect" title="F-102">F-102</a> and a SAC <a href="/wiki/B-47" class="mw-redirect" title="B-47">B-47</a> during a 17 December 1959 Quick Kick exercise, simulated NORAD fighter attacks were prohibited against SAC bombers.<sup id="cite_ref-NORAD1959B_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NORAD1959B-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">: 63 </span></sup> </p><p>On 18 March 1960, SAC intercontinental missiles began alert at Maine's <a href="/wiki/Snark_Missile_Launch_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Snark Missile Launch Complex">Snark Missile Launch Complex</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_Air_Force_Base" title="Presque Isle Air Force Base">Presque Isle AFB</a>. The following month, on 22 April 1960, SAC turned over the last British-based <a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">PGM-17 Thor</a> IRBM to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. This was soon followed by SAC's first <a href="/wiki/HGM-25A_Titan_I" title="HGM-25A Titan I">Titan I</a> ICBMs at <a href="/wiki/Lowry_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowry AFB">Lowry AFB</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Titan_I_Missile_Complex_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan I Missile Complex 1A">Titan I Missile Complex 1A</a> in Colorado being placed on alert that June. </p><p>Beginning in November 1959, in order to counter Soviet <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> threats, SAC began adding low-altitude bombing training for its manned bomber force as an adjunct to its legacy high-altitude training. Use of low level flight route corridors known as "Oil Burner" routes (later renamed "Olive Branch" routes in the 1970s),<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first of three SAC <a href="/wiki/RBS_Express" title="RBS Express">RBS trains</a> were utilized starting in 1960. On 30 June 1960, SAC had 696 aircraft on alert in the Zone of Interior, also known as the ZI (referred to today as the Continental United States, or <a href="/wiki/CONUS" class="mw-redirect" title="CONUS">CONUS</a>) and at overseas bases. These 696 aircraft were 113 B-52s, 346 B-47s, 85 KC-135s, and 152 KC-97s. SAC's <a href="/wiki/Emergency_War_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency War Order">Emergency War Order</a> (EWO) required the first aircraft to be airborne within 8 minutes and all aircraft to be airborne within 15 minutes after notification.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the mid-1950s, having recalled numerous World War II USAAF and Korean War USAF combat veteran pilots, navigators, bombardiers and aircrewmen from inactive reserve status back to various lengths of active duty, SAC took the lead in integrating the Air Force's reserve components into the overall SAC structure. By the beginning of the 1960s, SAC had also engineered the assignment of <a href="/wiki/KC-97_Stratofreighter" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-97 Stratofreighter">KC-97 Stratofreighter</a> aerial refueling aircraft to <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a> groups and wings and having them fall under SAC's operational claimancy. </p><p>On 11 August 1960, President Eisenhower approved the creation of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS), co-located at SAC headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Offutt AFB">Offutt AFB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) JSTPS also included non-SAC agencies tasked with preparing the <a href="/wiki/Single_Integrated_Operation_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Integrated Operation Plan">Single Integrated Operation Plan</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Single_Integrated_Operation_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Integrated Operation Plan">SIOP</a>, and the National Strategic Target List for nuclear war.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg1983-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 62">: 62 </span></sup> </p><p>On 1 July 1960, a SAC RB-47 with a six-man crew was <a href="/wiki/1960_RB-47_shootdown_incident" title="1960 RB-47 shootdown incident">shot down</a> in international airspace over the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a> by a Soviet <a href="/wiki/MiG-19" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-19">MiG-19</a>. Four of the crewmen were killed and two surviving crewmen were captured and held in <a href="/wiki/Lubyanka_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubyanka Prison">Lubyanka Prison</a> in Moscow for seven months.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 February 1961, SAC's <a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">Boeing EC-135</a> <a href="/wiki/Looking_Glass_(airplane)" class="mw-redirect" title="Looking Glass (airplane)">Looking Glass</a>, began operations<sup id="cite_ref-Deaile_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deaile-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the <a href="/wiki/Airborne_Command_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne Command Post">Airborne Command Post</a> for the Nuclear Triad and the <a href="/wiki/Post-Attack_Command_and_Control_System" title="Post-Attack Command and Control System">Post-Attack Command and Control System</a>. From this date and for the next <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">29<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> years, until 24 July 1990, SAC would maintain at least one Looking Glass aircraft continuously aloft 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, with an embarked SAC <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">general officer</a> and battle staff, ready to assume command of all strategic nuclear strike forces in the event that SAC headquarters was destroyed in a Soviet first strike.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalSecurity_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalSecurity-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAC's airborne alerts during this period also included <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chrome_Dome" title="Operation Chrome Dome">Operation Chrome Dome</a> for the bomber and tanker force. Although ostensibly a peacetime mission, Chrome Dome placed heavy demands on flight crews and five B-52 aircraft were lost to airborne mishaps during the operation's eight-year period. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_EC-135_62-3579_Ellsworth.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Boeing_EC-135_62-3579_Ellsworth.JPEG/220px-Boeing_EC-135_62-3579_Ellsworth.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Boeing_EC-135_62-3579_Ellsworth.JPEG/330px-Boeing_EC-135_62-3579_Ellsworth.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Boeing_EC-135_62-3579_Ellsworth.JPEG/440px-Boeing_EC-135_62-3579_Ellsworth.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>EC-135 Looking Glass aircraft</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-58_Hustler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/B-58_Hustler.jpg/220px-B-58_Hustler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/B-58_Hustler.jpg/330px-B-58_Hustler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/B-58_Hustler.jpg/440px-B-58_Hustler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="1578" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">B-58A Hustler</a> supersonic bomber</figcaption></figure><p> On 11 May 1961, SAC took delivery of its first <a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">B-58 Hustler</a> supersonic medium bomber, assigning it to the <a href="/wiki/305th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="305th Bombardment Wing">305th Bombardment Wing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunker Hill AFB">Bunker Hill AFB</a>. Optimized for high-altitude, high-speed penetration into Soviet territory prior to Soviet advancements in high-altitude surface-to-air missiles, the B-58 was expensive to operate and inefficient at lower altitudes. Its service in SAC would be comparatively short, eventually being replaced by the <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">FB-111</a> by 1970.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FB-111_Formation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An air-to-air front overhead view of two FB-111As in formation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FB-111_Formation.jpg/220px-FB-111_Formation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FB-111_Formation.jpg/330px-FB-111_Formation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FB-111_Formation.jpg/440px-FB-111_Formation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2018" /></a><figcaption>An overhead view of two SAC <br />FB-111As in formation</figcaption></figure> <p>After an early 1961 development by SAC of a Radar Bomb Scoring (RBS) field kit for use in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Project_Nike" title="Project Nike">Nike</a> surface-to-air missile systems,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAC aircraft flew several mock penetrations into <a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defense Command">Air Defense Command</a> sectors in the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">SAGE</a>/<a href="/wiki/Missile_Master" title="Missile Master">Missile Master</a> test program,<sup id="cite_ref-ASD1961_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASD1961-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the joint SAC-NORAD <a href="/wiki/Operation_Skyshield" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Skyshield">Sky Shield II exercise followed by Sky Shield III</a> on 2 September 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_B-52D-70-BO_(SN_56-0582)_is_refueled_by_Boeing_KC-135A-BN_(SN_55-3127)_061127-F-1234S-009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Boeing_B-52D-70-BO_%28SN_56-0582%29_is_refueled_by_Boeing_KC-135A-BN_%28SN_55-3127%29_061127-F-1234S-009.jpg/220px-Boeing_B-52D-70-BO_%28SN_56-0582%29_is_refueled_by_Boeing_KC-135A-BN_%28SN_55-3127%29_061127-F-1234S-009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Boeing_B-52D-70-BO_%28SN_56-0582%29_is_refueled_by_Boeing_KC-135A-BN_%28SN_55-3127%29_061127-F-1234S-009.jpg/330px-Boeing_B-52D-70-BO_%28SN_56-0582%29_is_refueled_by_Boeing_KC-135A-BN_%28SN_55-3127%29_061127-F-1234S-009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Boeing_B-52D-70-BO_%28SN_56-0582%29_is_refueled_by_Boeing_KC-135A-BN_%28SN_55-3127%29_061127-F-1234S-009.jpg/440px-Boeing_B-52D-70-BO_%28SN_56-0582%29_is_refueled_by_Boeing_KC-135A-BN_%28SN_55-3127%29_061127-F-1234S-009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption>KC-135 refueling a B-52D in 1965, the year the last KC-135 was delivered to SAC.<sup id="cite_ref-factsheets_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factsheets-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-52D_dropping_bombs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/B-52D_dropping_bombs.jpg/220px-B-52D_dropping_bombs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/B-52D_dropping_bombs.jpg/330px-B-52D_dropping_bombs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/B-52D_dropping_bombs.jpg/440px-B-52D_dropping_bombs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2813" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>B-52D dropping bombs over Vietnam, circa 1970.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1961, following the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis</a>, President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> increased the number of SAC aircraft on alert to 50 percent<sup id="cite_ref-Worden_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during periods of <a href="/wiki/Defense_Condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Condition">increased tensions</a> SAC kept some B-52 airborne in the event of a surprise attack.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, SAC gained full control of the various "Q Areas" developed by <a href="/wiki/Sandia_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandia Laboratories">Sandia Laboratories</a> for nuclear weapon storage adjacent to Loring AFB (<a href="/wiki/Caribou_Air_Force_Station" title="Caribou Air Force Station">Site E (Maine)/Caribou AFS</a>), Ellsworth AFB (<a href="/wiki/Rushmore_Air_Force_Station" title="Rushmore Air Force Station">Site F (South Dakota)/Rushmore AFS</a>), Fairchild AFB (Site G (Washington)/Deep Creek AFS), Travis AFB (Site H (California)/Fairfield AFS), and Westover AFB (Site I (Massachusetts)/Stony Brook AFS). These adjunct sites were subsequently converted to USAF-operated and maintained weapon storage areas (WSAs) in the same manner as WSAs on other SAC bases.<sup id="cite_ref-Weitze_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weitze-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The solid fuel <a href="/wiki/LGM-30A_Minuteman_I" class="mw-redirect" title="LGM-30A Minuteman I">LGM-30A Minuteman I</a> was first deployed in 1962 and the <a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II">LGM-25C Titan II</a> reached operational service in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Project Added Effort phased out all first-generation ICBMs beginning on 1 May 1964 when Atlas-D were taken off alert at Vandenberg AFB's 576th SMS<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/LGM-30F_Minuteman_II" class="mw-redirect" title="LGM-30F Minuteman II">LGM-30F Minuteman II</a> replaced Minuteman I in 1965). </p><p>In October 1962, an SAC BRASS KNOB mission U-2 piloted by Major <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Heyser" title="Richard S. Heyser">Richard S. Heyser</a> detected <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Soviet intermediate range ballistic missiles in Cuba</a>. BRASS KNOB operations involving multiple U-2 aircraft were subsequently commenced at a forward operating location at <a href="/wiki/McCoy_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="McCoy AFB">McCoy AFB</a>, Florida the same month. On the morning of 27 October, a SAC RB-47H of the <a href="/wiki/55th_Wing" title="55th Wing">55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing</a>, forward deployed to <a href="/wiki/Kindley_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindley AFB">Kindley AFB</a>, Bermuda crashed on takeoff, killing all four crewmembers, while later that afternoon, a <a href="/wiki/4028th_Strategic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="4028th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron">4028th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron</a> U-2 forward deployed to McCoy AFB for BRASS KNOB operations was <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">shot down over Cuba</a> by an <a href="/wiki/SA-2_Guideline" class="mw-redirect" title="SA-2 Guideline">SA-2 Guideline</a> missile, killing the pilot, Major <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Anderson" title="Rudolf Anderson">Rudolf Anderson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Deaile_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deaile-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the early 1960s, the Kennedy Administration, under the aegis of Secretary of Defense McNamara, cancelled numerous SAC modernization programs. This included the Mach 3 <a href="/wiki/North_American_B-70_Valkyrie" class="mw-redirect" title="North American B-70 Valkyrie">North American B-70 Valkyrie</a> in 1961, the <a href="/wiki/GAM-87_Skybolt" title="GAM-87 Skybolt">GAM-87 Skybolt</a> missile in 1962, and the Rocky Mountain <a href="/wiki/Deep_Underground_Support_Center" title="Deep Underground Support Center">Deep Underground Support Center</a> in 1963. The B-70's demise came due to its design as a high-altitude bomber with very limited low-altitude performance, making it vulnerable to rapid advances in Soviet high altitude surface-to-air missile defense systems. The following year, Skybolt, an air-launched ballistic missile, was cancelled following numerous test failures and the perceived greater reliability of land-based and submarine-based ballistic missile systems. Although initially entering service in 1957, SAC's 2nd-generation aerial refueling aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/KC-135_Stratotanker" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135 Stratotanker</a>, had reached sufficient inventory numbers to allow SAC to begin divestiture of its <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">KC-97 Stratofreighter</a> tankers, transferring them to SAC-gained Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard units. As the KC-135 became the primary aerial tanker in active service, SAC employed the aircraft for several non-stop B-52 and KC-135 flights around the world, demonstrating that SAC no longer needed to depend on Reflex stations at air bases in Spain and Britain.)<sup id="cite_ref-Tillman_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tillman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108">: 108 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird.jpg/220px-Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird.jpg/330px-Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird.jpg/440px-Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3996" /></a><figcaption>SAC <a href="/wiki/SR-71_Blackbird" class="mw-redirect" title="SR-71 Blackbird">SR-71 Blackbirds</a> & U-2s deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> and conducted "Lucky Dragon" surveillance along North Vietnam and China borders (later named "Trojan Horse", "Olympic Torch", "Senior Book", and "Giant Dragon"). </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vietnam_War_and_latter_half_of_the_Cold_War">Vietnam War and latter half of the Cold War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vietnam War and latter half of the Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SAC's_air_war_in_Vietnam"><span id="SAC.27s_air_war_in_Vietnam"></span>SAC's air war in Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: SAC's air war in Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">the Secretary of Defense</a> rejected LeMay's November 1964 proposal for a "...strategic air campaign against 94 targets in North Vietnam...", thirty SAC B-52Fs were deployed to <a href="/wiki/Andersen_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andersen AFB">Andersen AFB</a>, Guam on 17 February 1965, representing the first increment of SAC aircraft forward deployed for the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worden_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following month, in March 1965, the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_Advanced_Echelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Air Command Advanced Echelon">Strategic Air Command Advanced Echelon</a> (SACADVON)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was established as a "...liaison unit for CINCSAC [was] located at MACV Headquarters to assist with the B-52 effort."<sup id="cite_ref-Menu_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menu-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 May 1965, SAC B-52Fs began unarmed missions for radar mapping "...and later to test bombing with the assistance of ground homing beacons..."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAC began <a href="/wiki/Carpet_bombing" title="Carpet bombing">saturation bombing</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 18 June 1965<sup id="cite_ref-SAC1969_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC1969-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (8000 tons per month in 1966)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conducted <a href="/wiki/Operation_Arc_Light" title="Operation Arc Light">Operation Arc Light</a> missions from 1965 until the end of hostilities involving U.S. forces in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All B-52F missions in 1965 were against targets in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Vietnam">South Vietnam (RVN)</a> except for the December "...Duck Flight mission [that] hit a suspected <a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">VC</a> supply storage area [for which] part of the target box was in Laos."<sup id="cite_ref-SAC1966_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC1966-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 121">: 121 </span></sup> In April 1966, Vietnam operations began with the B-52D model, a 1956 model designed to use the <a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">AGM-28 Hound Dog</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missile</a> and the <a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">ADM-20 Quail</a> aerial decoys for low altitude operations and modified in late 1965 by Project Big Belly<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to increase conventional bomb capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-Baugher_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baugher-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Radar_Bomb_Scoring_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar Bomb Scoring Division">SAC's RBS Squadrons</a> were discontinued when most detachment personnel transferred to Vietnam from 1966 to 1973 for <a href="/wiki/Combat_Skyspot" title="Combat Skyspot">Combat Skyspot</a> <a href="/wiki/Ground-directed_bombing" title="Ground-directed bombing">ground-directed bombing</a> operations. The first "<a href="/wiki/Combat_Skyspot" title="Combat Skyspot">Quick Reaction</a>" bombing was the "Pink Lady" mission on 6 July 1966 using SAC B-52D/Fs to support the U.S. Army's <a href="/wiki/1st_Air_Cavalry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Air Cavalry Division">1st Air Cavalry Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAC1966_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC1966-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 186">: 186 </span></sup> The 1972 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Linebacker_II" title="Operation Linebacker II">Operation Linebacker II</a> also used Skyspot for Hanoi/Haiphong bombings in North Vietnam which resulted in the loss of 25 SAC aircrew members.<sup id="cite_ref-factsheets_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factsheets-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By May 1967,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SACADVON had moved to <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh Air Force</a> headquarters<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhut_Air_Base" title="Tan Son Nhut Air Base">Tan Son Nhut Air Base</a>, South Vietnam to schedule and coordinate "...strikes for the 7th AF and MACV."<sup id="cite_ref-ADA539675_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADA539675-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From a level of 161,921 military and 20,215 civilian assigned to SAC in June 1968, SAC lost 13,698 first term airmen from November 1968 to May 1969 in a three phase drawdown known as Project 693<sup id="cite_ref-SAC1969_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC1969-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to comply with Public Law 90-364.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While conventional bombing, air refueling and strategic air reconnaissance operations in Southeast Asia increasingly occupied SAC's operational commitments, SAC's primary mission of nuclear deterrence continued to remain its primary focus. In 1969, "...SAC's B-52s and B-58s could carry B28, B41, B43, B53, and BA53 nuclear weapons" (SAC had 311 nuclear <a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">AGM-28 Hound Dog</a> missiles at the end of the year.)<sup id="cite_ref-SAC1969_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC1969-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> This also coincided with the <a href="/wiki/B-58_Hustler" class="mw-redirect" title="B-58 Hustler">B-58 Hustler</a>'s in-progress retirement from SAC's active inventory and its replacement with the <a href="/wiki/FB-111" class="mw-redirect" title="FB-111">FB-111</a>. </p><p>On 18 March 1969, along the South Vietnamese border, SAC first bombed Cambodia (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Menu" title="Operation Menu">Operation Menu</a> through 26 May 1970 was controlled by Skyspot).<sup id="cite_ref-Menu_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menu-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 February 1970, SAC conducted the first "GOOD LOOK" bombing of Laos at the <a href="/wiki/Plaine_des_Jarres" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaine des Jarres">Plaine des Jarres</a> after B-52 photorecon missions ("GOOD LOOK ALPHA" in August 1969 and "GOOD LOOK BRAVO" <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 15 January 1970</span>) and the observations of a <a href="/wiki/Ubon_Royal_Thai_Air_Force_Base" title="Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base">Skyspot installation in Thailand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Menu_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menu-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> SAC transferred "...HQ 8th AF...to <a href="/wiki/Andersen_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andersen AFB">Andersen AFB</a>, Guam on 1 April 1970 to oversee B-52D/G operations and to complement SACADVON".<sup id="cite_ref-ADA539675_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADA539675-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8th AF took over from <a href="/wiki/Air_Division_(United_States)" title="Air Division (United States)">Third Air Division</a> the generation of <a href="/wiki/Operations_order" title="Operations order">"frag" orders</a> based on daily strike requests and amendments from <a href="/wiki/COMUSMACV" class="mw-redirect" title="COMUSMACV">COMUSMACV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Menu_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menu-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, SAC deployed the <a href="/wiki/LGM-30G_Minuteman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="LGM-30G Minuteman III">LGM-30G Minuteman III</a> ICBM with <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle</a> or MIRVs, for striking 3 targets, while concurrently retiring the <a href="/wiki/B-58_Hustler" class="mw-redirect" title="B-58 Hustler">B-58 Hustler</a> supersonic bomber. </p><p>1972 saw the commencement of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Linebacker_II" title="Operation Linebacker II">Operation Linebacker II</a>, a combined <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_77_(United_States_Navy)" title="Task Force 77 (United States Navy)">Task Force 77</a> aerial bombing campaign, conducted against targets in North Vietnam during the final period of US involvement in the Vietnam War. Linebacker II was conducted from 18 to 29 December 1972, leading to several informal names such as "The December Raids" and "The Christmas Bombings". Unlike the previous Operation Rolling Thunder and Operation Linebacker interdiction operations, Linebacker II would be a "maximum effort" bombing campaign to destroy major target complexes in the Hanoi and Haiphong areas which could only be accomplished by SAC B-52D/Gs. It saw the largest heavy bomber strikes launched by the U.S. Air Force since the end of World War II. Linebacker II was a modified extension of the Operation Linebacker bombings conducted from May to October 1972, with the emphasis of the new campaign shifted to attacks by B-52 Stratofortress heavy bombers rather than smaller tactical fighter aircraft. During Linebacker II, a total of 741 B-52D/G sorties were dispatched from bases in Thailand and Guam to bomb North Vietnam and 729 actually completed their missions.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall SAC losses during Linebacker II numbered fifteen B-52s. The U.S. government claimed that the operation had succeeded in forcing North Vietnam's Politburo to return to the negotiating table, with the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a> signed shortly after the operation. </p><p>By early 1973, offensive SAC air operations in Southeast Asia ceased and numerous SAC aircrewmen who had been shot down and captured as prisoners of war by North Vietnam were repatriated to the United States. </p><p>SAC aircraft used during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> included <a href="/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52D, B-52F, B-52G</a>, <a href="/wiki/KC-135_Stratotanker" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135A, KC-135Q</a>, various versions of the <a href="/wiki/RC-135" class="mw-redirect" title="RC-135">RC-135</a>, <a href="/wiki/SR-71" class="mw-redirect" title="SR-71">SR-71</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">U-2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">EC-135</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Vietnam,_1970s_budget_cuts,_1980s_renewal,_and_the_Cold_War_redux"><span id="Post-Vietnam.2C_1970s_budget_cuts.2C_1980s_renewal.2C_and_the_Cold_War_redux"></span>Post-Vietnam, 1970s budget cuts, 1980s renewal, and the Cold War redux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-Vietnam, 1970s budget cuts, 1980s renewal, and the Cold War redux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Vietnam War, due to the escalating costs of combat operations in Southeast Asia, SAC was required to close several SAC bases, consolidate other bases, or transfer several bases to other MAJCOMs, other services, or the Air Reserve Component in order to remain within budgetary constraints. This included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altus_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Altus AFB">Altus AFB</a> (transferred to MAC, later to AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Bergstrom Air Force Base">Bergstrom AFB</a> (transferred to TAC, then ACC until <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">BRAC</a> closure in 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus AFB">Columbus AFB</a> (transferred to ATC, now AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton-Sherman_Air_Force_Base" title="Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base">Clinton-Sherman AFB</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Bangor Air National Guard Base">Dow AFB</a> (closed; portion transferred to ANG as Bangor ANGB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Army_Airfield" title="Hunter Army Airfield">Hunter AFB</a> (transferred to US Army as Hunter AAF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larson_Air_Force_Base" title="Larson Air Force Base">Larson AFB</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Airport_(Nebraska)" title="Lincoln Airport (Nebraska)">Lincoln AFB</a> (closed; portion transferred to ANG as Lincoln ANGB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Rock AFB">Little Rock AFB</a> (transferred to TAC, later MAC, now AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Home AFB">Mountain Home AFB</a> (transferred to TAC, now ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Albany" title="Naval Air Station Albany">Turner AFB</a> (transferred to USN as NAS Albany in 1968, closed 1975)</li></ul> <p>With the Vietnam War draw-down following the Paris Peace Treaty in 1973, reduced defense budgets forced SAC to inactivate several more wings, close still more bases in CONUS and Puerto Rico, transfer still additional bases to other MAJCOMS or the Air Reserve Component, and retire older B-52B, B-52C, B-52E and B-52F aircraft: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davis-Monthan_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Davis-Monthan AFB">Davis-Monthan AFB</a> (transferred to TAC, now ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes AFB">Forbes AFB</a> (closed; portion transferred to ANG as Forbes ANGB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Air_Force_Base" title="Glasgow Air Force Base">Glasgow AFB</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincheloe_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kincheloe AFB">Kincheloe AFB</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCoy_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="McCoy AFB">McCoy AFB</a> (closed; portion transferred to USN as <a href="/wiki/McCoy_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="McCoy AFB">Naval Training Center Orlando McCoy Annex</a> until its <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">BRAC</a>-directed closure in 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramey_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramey AFB">Ramey AFB</a> (closed; portion transferred to USCG as CGAS Borinquen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickenbacker AFB">Rickenbacker AFB</a> (closed; portion transferred to ANG as Rickenbacker ANGB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westover_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Westover Air Reserve Base">Westover AFB</a> (transferred to AFRES, now AFRC, as Westover ARB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright-Patterson AFB">Wright-Patterson AFB</a> (tenant SAC presence departed and transferred to Beale AFB; base remained with AFLC, now AFMC)</li></ul> <p>In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Airborne_Command_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="National Emergency Airborne Command Post">National Emergency Airborne Command Post</a>, or NEACP, aircraft entered SAC's inventory. Consisting of four <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-4" title="Boeing E-4">Boeing E-4</a> aircraft, these highly modified <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> airframes were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/55th_Wing" title="55th Wing">55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Offutt AFB">Offutt AFB</a> and were forward deployed as necessary to support the <a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(United_States)" title="National Command Authority (United States)">National Command Authority</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strategic_Air_Command_Information_cover_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Strategic_Air_Command_Information_cover_1975.jpg/170px-Strategic_Air_Command_Information_cover_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Strategic_Air_Command_Information_cover_1975.jpg/255px-Strategic_Air_Command_Information_cover_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Strategic_Air_Command_Information_cover_1975.jpg/340px-Strategic_Air_Command_Information_cover_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Cover of a 1975 SAC information booklet emphasizing its "Peace Is Our Profession" motto</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1975, SAC's manned bomber strength included several hundred B-52D, B-52G, B-52H and FB-111A aircraft,<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "...SAC's first major exercise in 23 years" was Exercise Global Shield 79.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for the ICBM force, SAC reached a peak strength of 1000 Minuteman II and III and 54 Titan II ICBMs on active status before seeing reductions and retirements through a combination of obsolescing systems and various arms reduction treaties with the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1977, SAC had been pinning its hopes for a new manned strategic bomber in the form of the <a href="/wiki/B-1_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 Lancer">Rockwell B-1A Lancer</a>. However, on 30 June 1977, President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> Carter announced that the B-1A would be canceled in favor of ICBMs, submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and a fleet of modernized B-52s armed with air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs). </p><p>On 1 December 1979, SAC assumed control of the <a href="/wiki/BMEWS" class="mw-redirect" title="BMEWS">ballistic missile warning system</a> (BMEWS) and all <a href="/wiki/Space_Surveillance_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Surveillance Network">Space Surveillance Network</a> facilities from the inactivating <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Aerospace Defense Command">Aerospace Defense Command</a> (ADC).<sup id="cite_ref-Winkler_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkler-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These activities would later be (transferred to <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Space_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Space Command">Air Force Space Command</a> (AFSPC) when the latter was established in 1982. SAC also continued to operate the Air Force's entire KC-135 aerial refueling fleet, its EC-135 LOOKING GLASS and E-4 NEACAP command post aircraft, as well the entire strategic reconnaissance aircraft fleet consisting of the U-2, SR-71, RC-135, and WC-135. </p><p>In 1981, SAC received a new air refueling tanker aircraft to supplement the aging <a href="/wiki/KC-135_Stratotanker" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135 Stratotanker</a> force. Based on the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10</a> commercial airliner, the <a href="/wiki/KC-10A_Extender" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-10A Extender">KC-10A Extender</a> was deployed equipped with improved military avionics, aerial refueling, and satellite communications equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-factsheets_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factsheets-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> reversed the 1977 Carter administration decision regarding the B-1, directing that 100 examples of a refined version of the aircraft, now designated the B-1B Lancer, be procured as a long-range combat aircraft for SAC. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/LGM-118A_Peacekeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="LGM-118A Peacekeeper">LGM-118A Peacekeeper</a> ICBM reached SAC in 1986, and the 114 Peacekeepers had a total warhead yield of about 342 megatons.<sup id="cite_ref-factsheets_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factsheets-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This also served to offset the retirement of the obsolescent and maintenance-intensive <a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II">LGM-25C Titan II</a> ICBM, the last example of which was deactivated in May 1987. An additional underground "16,000 square-foot, two-story reinforced concrete" command post for HQ SAC was also constructed at Offutt AFB from 1986 to 1989 from a design by <a href="/wiki/Leo_A._Daly" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo A. Daly">Leo A. Daly</a>, who had designed the adjoining 1957 bunker.<sup id="cite_ref-Weitze_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weitze-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1B_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockwell B-1B Lancer">Rockwell B-1B Lancer</a> was also delivered to SAC in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Baugher_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baugher-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 November 1988, the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit">Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit</a>, under development as the Advanced Technology Bomber (ATB), a so-called <a href="/wiki/Black_project" title="Black project">"black program"</a> since 1979, was officially acknowledged and rolled out for the first time for public display. The first "<a href="/wiki/Stealth_bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Stealth bomber">stealth bomber</a>" designed for SAC, the aircraft made its first flight in May 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_the_Cold_War_and_Operation_Desert_Storm">End of the Cold War and Operation Desert Storm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: End of the Cold War and Operation Desert Storm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SAC reorganization at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> began as early as 1988 when the <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">Carlucci Commission</a> planned the closure of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mather_Air_Force_Base" title="Mather Air Force Base">Mather Air Force Base</a>, California, an <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Command" title="Air Training Command">ATC</a> undergraduate navigator training (UNT) base which hosted a tenant SAC B-52G / KC-135E bomb wing and a SAC-gained <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Reserve">AFRES</a> KC-135A air refueling group; and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pease Air Force Base">Pease Air Force Base</a>, New Hampshire, a SAC base with an FB-111A and KC-135E bomb wing and a SAC-gained <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">ANG</a> KC-135A air refueling wing</li></ul> <p>The closures were the beginning of a post-Cold War process that would later become known as <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">Base Realignment and Closure</a> or BRAC. Although Mather AFB's navigator training mission would relocate to <a href="/wiki/Randolph_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Randolph AFB">Randolph AFB</a>, Texas, the Mather B-52G bomber/KC-135A tanker wing would inactivate and the AFRES KC-135 tanker group would relocate to nearby <a href="/wiki/McClellan_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="McClellan AFB">McClellan AFB</a>, relocating again four years later to <a href="/wiki/Beale_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Beale AFB">Beale AFB</a> when another <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">BRAC</a> process would close McClellan AFB. </p><p>Concurrently, the Pease AFB bomber/tanker wing would lose its FB-111 aircraft and transfer to <a href="/wiki/Whiteman_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiteman AFB">Whiteman AFB</a>, Missouri in preparation for transition to the <a href="/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a> while a portion of Pease would be transferred to the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Air_National_Guard" title="New Hampshire Air National Guard">New Hampshire Air National Guard</a> for its ANG KC-135 air refueling wing and be renamed <a href="/wiki/Pease_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Pease Air National Guard Base">Pease Air National Guard Base</a>. </p><p>Additional closures and divestments of SAC bases would continue throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, accelerating even more so as a result the <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">START I</a> Treaty's mandated elimination of both the entire B-52G fleet and the inactivation of all <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman II">Minuteman II</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">Peacekeeper</a> ICBMs, as well as the 1992 reorganization of the Air Force that disestablished SAC and dispersed its assets to other new or existing MAJCOMs, primarily ACC and AMC. In addition to closures of Mather AFB and Pease AFB, this would eventually include the following subsequent closure and realignment actions, primarily due to BRAC: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altus_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Altus AFB">Altus AFB</a> (tenant SAC presence disestablished and transferred to AMC, later AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Barksdale AFB">Barksdale AFB</a> (transferred to ACC, now AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beale_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Beale AFB">Beale AFB</a> (transferred to ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carswell_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carswell AFB">Carswell AFB</a> (transferred to USN as NAS JRB Fort Worth per BRAC) <ul><li>AFRES (later AFRC) HQ 10th Air Force, an ACC-gained AF Reserve fighter wing, and an AMC-gained ANG airlift wing remain</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle AFB">Castle AFB</a> (closed by BRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyess_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyess AFB">Dyess AFB</a> (transferred to ACC, now AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eaker AFB">Eaker AFB</a> (closed by BRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellsworth AFB">Ellsworth AFB</a> (transferred to ACC, now AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairchild AFB">Fairchild AFB</a> (transferred to AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._E._Warren_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="F. E. Warren AFB">F. E. Warren AFB</a> (transferred to ACC, then AFSPC, now AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Forks AFB">Grand Forks AFB</a> (transferred to AMC, now ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffiss_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffiss AFB">Griffiss AFB</a> (closed by BRAC) <ul><li>AFMC Rome Air Development Center and ANG Northeast Air Defense Sector HQ remain</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grissom_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grissom AFB">Grissom AFB</a> (transferred to AFRC as Grissom ARB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._I._Sawyer_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="K. I. Sawyer AFB">K. I. Sawyer AFB</a> (closed by BRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loring_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Loring AFB">Loring AFB</a> (closed by BRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmstrom_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Malmstrom AFB">Malmstrom AFB</a> (transferred to AMC, then AFSPC, now AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="March AFB">March AFB</a> (transferred to AFRC as March ARB per BRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="McConnell AFB">McConnell AFB</a> (transferred to AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minot_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Minot AFB">Minot AFB</a> (transferred to ACC, now AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offutt_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Offutt AFB">Offutt AFB</a> (transferred to ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Plattsburgh AFB">Plattsburgh AFB</a> (closed by BRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robins_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Robins AFB">Robins AFB</a> (tenant Regular AF SAC presence disestablished; base remains an AFMC installation with ACC and ACC-gained ANG flying wings)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymour Johnson AFB">Seymour Johnson AFB</a> (TAC base transferred to ACC; tenant SAC presence disestablished and SAC-gained tenant AF Reserve presence transferred to AFRC, now gained by AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteman_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiteman AFB">Whiteman AFB</a> (transferred to ACC, now AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base" title="Wurtsmith Air Force Base">Wurtsmith AFB</a> (closed by BRAC)</li></ul> </div> <p>On 1 July 1989, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Combat_Evaluation_Group" title="1st Combat Evaluation Group">1st Combat Evaluation Group</a> reporting directly to SAC headquarters was split with most HQ 1CEVG organizations transferring to SAC HQ (e.g., the Command Instrument Flight Division) and RBS personnel, equipment, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Strategic_Air_Command_radar_stations" title="Category:Strategic Air Command radar stations">radar stations</a> becoming the <a href="/wiki/1st_Electronic_Combat_Range_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Electronic Combat Range Group">1st Electronic Combat Range Group</a>. Airborne NEACP alerts ended in 1990<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalSecurity_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalSecurity-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during 1991's <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a> to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi invasion and occupation, SAC bomber, tanker and reconnaissance aircraft flew operations (e.g., B-52s with conventional bombs and conventional warhead <a href="/wiki/AGM-86_ALCM" title="AGM-86 ALCM">AGM-86 ALCMs</a>) near Iraq from bases in Great Britain, Turkey, Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a>, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. </p><p>Following Operation Desert Storm, the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the <i>de facto</i> end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> directed SAC to take all bomber and refueling aircraft and Minuteman II ICBMs off of continuous nuclear alert on 27 September 1991<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and placing said aircraft on quick reaction ground alert.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 31 May 1992 major reorganization of the USAF organizational structure subsequently disestablished SAC, moving its bomber, reconnaissance and aerial command post aircraft and all SAC ICBMs, along with all <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a> aircraft, to the newly established <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> (ACC). The newly established <a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">Air Mobility Command</a> (AMC) inherited most of SAC's <a href="/wiki/KC-135_Stratotanker" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135 Stratotanker</a> aircraft and the entire <a href="/wiki/KC-10_Extender" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-10 Extender">KC-10 Extender</a> aerial refueling tanker force, while some KC-135s were reassigned directly to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces in Europe">USAFE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">PACAF</a>, with one additional air refueling wing assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">Air Education and Training Command</a> (AETC) as the KC-135 formal training unit. </p><p>Land-based ICBMs were later transferred from ACC to <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Space_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Space Command">Air Force Space Command</a> (AFSPC), while manned bombers remained in ACC. USAF nuclear forces in ACC and AFSPC were then combined with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Ballistic_Missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Ballistic Missile">Fleet Ballistic Missile</a> submarine forces to form the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">United States Strategic Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/USSTRATCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="USSTRATCOM">USSTRATCOM</a>), which took over the SAC Headquarters complex at Offutt AFB. </p><p>In 2009, the entire land-based USAF ICBM force and that portion of the USAF manned bomber force that was still nuclear-capable, e.g., the <a href="/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a> and <a href="/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a>, was transferred to the newly established <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">Air Force Global Strike Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/AFGSC" class="mw-redirect" title="AFGSC">AFGSC</a>), while the <a href="/wiki/B-1_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 Lancer">B-1 Lancer</a> conventional bomber force remained in ACC. In 2015, these B-1 units were also transferred to Air Force Global Strike Command, which assumed responsibility for all current and future USAF bomber forces.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_legacy">Culture and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Strategic Air Command left a lasting cultural impact in addition to its military legacy. The most prominent slogan associated with SAC is the official motto, “Peace Is Our Profession.”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phrase captured the command's role in maintaining peace through deterrence during the Cold War. Another unofficial slogan became part of SAC lore: “To err is human; to forgive is not SAC policy.”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This saying reflected the high standards and strict discipline within SAC, where precision and accountability were paramount due to the critical nature of its mission. Additional, unofficial slogans include "Peace Through Strength" and "Peace Through Superior Firepower".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration_and_new_commands">Commemoration and new commands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Commemoration and new commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_%26_Aerospace_Museum" title="Strategic Air Command & Aerospace Museum">SAC Museum</a> located adjacent to Offutt AFB was moved in 1998<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to a site near <a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Nebraska" title="Ashland, Nebraska">Ashland, Nebraska</a> and renamed as the Strategic Air and Space Museum in 2001. </p><p>Organizations commemorating SAC include the Strategic Air Command Veterans Association, the SAC Society, the B-47 Stratojet Association, the B-52 Stratofortress Association, the FB-111 Association, the SAC Airborne Command Control Association, the Association of Air Force Missileers, the SAC Elite Guard Association<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Strategic Air Command Memorial Amateur Radio Club.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Cold War, SAC histories included a 1990 almanac and a 2006 organizational history.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">Air Force Global Strike Command</a> (AFGSC) was activated with the lineage of Strategic Air Command.<sup id="cite_ref-Factsheet_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Factsheet-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AFGSC, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Barksdale AFB">Barksdale AFB</a>, Louisiana, is one of two USAF component commands assigned to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">United States Strategic Command</a> (USSTRATCOM). AFGSC currently consists of <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> (8AF), responsible for the nuclear-capable manned heavy bomber force, and <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth Air Force</a> (20AF), responsible for the ICBM force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lineage">Lineage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Established as <b>Continental Air Forces</b> on 13 December 1944<sup id="cite_ref-strategic-air-command.com_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strategic-air-command.com-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>Redesignated: <b>Strategic Air Command</b> on 21 March 1946<sup id="cite_ref-strategic-air-command.com_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strategic-air-command.com-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li>Replaced as a specified command by a new unified combatant command, <b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">United States Strategic Command</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/USSTRATCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="USSTRATCOM">USSTRATCOM</a>), on 1 June 1992;<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> concurrently disestablished as a USAF major command (MAJCOM) same date</li></ul> <dl><dt>Components</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For SAC aircraft/systems and wings, see <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Air Command equipment">Strategic Air Command equipment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_wings" title="Strategic Air Command wings">Strategic Air Command wings</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second Air Force</a>: 21 Mar 1946 (from CAF) – 30 Mar 1946; 1 Nov 1949 – 1 Jan 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a>: 7 Jun 1946 – 1 Jun 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a>: 31 Mar 1946 – 1 Jun 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth Air Force</a>: 1 Jul 1957 – 15 Apr 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Troop_Carrier_Command" title="IX Troop Carrier Command">IX Troop Carrier Command</a>: 21 Mar 1946 (from CAF) – 31 Mar 1946</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <dl><dt>Air Divisions</dt> <dd><dl><dt></dt></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Air Division">1st Air Division</a> (later, 1st Missile Division; 1 Strategic Aerospace Division): 15 Apr 1955 – 20 May 1956; 1 Jan 1958 – 1 Sep 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3d Air Division">3d Air Division</a>: 18 Jun 1954 – 1 Apr 1970; 1 Jan 1975 – 31 Jan 1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Air_Division" title="5th Air Division">5th Air Division</a>: 14 Jan 1951 – 1 Jul 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Air_Division" title="7th Air Division">7th Air Division</a>: 20 Mar 1951 – 30 Jun 1965; 1 Jul 1978 – 31 Jan 1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Air_Division" title="21st Air Division">21st Air Division</a>: 16 Feb 1951 – 8 Apr 1952; 8 Apr – 16 Jul 1952</li> <li><a href="/wiki/42d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="42d Air Division">42d Air Division</a>: 2 Mar 1951 – 8 Jan 1958; 15 Jul 1959 – 9 Jul 1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Air_Division" title="58th Air Division">58th Air Division</a>: 1 Mar – 16 Oct 1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/311th_Air_Division" title="311th Air Division">311th Air Division</a>: 31 Mar 1947 – 1 Nov 1949.</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dt>Overseas components</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Strategic Air Command in the United Kingdom">Strategic Air Command in the United Kingdom</a> was among the command's largest overseas concentrations of forces, with additional forces under SAC's <a href="/wiki/16th_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Air Force">16th Air Force</a> at air bases in North Africa, Spain and Turkey during the 1950s and 1960s. </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_USAF_Provisional_Wings_assigned_to_Strategic_Air_Command" title="List of USAF Provisional Wings assigned to Strategic Air Command">SAC "Provisional" wings</a> were also located in <a href="/wiki/Kadena_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadena AB">Kadena AB</a>, Okinawa and <a href="/wiki/U-Tapao_Royal_Thai_Navy_Airfield" title="U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield">U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/U-Tapao_Royal_Thai_Navy_Airfield" title="U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield">U-Tapao AB</a>, Thailand during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> </p><p>SAC also maintained bomber, tanker, and/or reconnaissance aircraft assets at the former <a href="/wiki/Ramey_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramey AFB">Ramey AFB</a>, Puerto Rico in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and at <a href="/wiki/Andersen_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andersen AFB">Andersen AFB</a>, Guam; <a href="/wiki/RAF_Mildenhall" title="RAF Mildenhall">RAF Mildenhall</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fairford" title="RAF Fairford">RAF Fairford</a> and <a href="/wiki/RAF_Alconbury" title="RAF Alconbury">RAF Alconbury</a> in the United Kingdom; <a href="/wiki/Moron_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moron AB">Moron AB</a>, Spain; <a href="/wiki/Lajes_Field" title="Lajes Field">Lajes Field</a>, Azores (Portugal); <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a>, BIOT; and the former <a href="/wiki/NAS_Keflavik" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Keflavik">NAS Keflavik</a>, Iceland through the 1990s. </p><p>SAC also conducted operations from <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fairford" title="RAF Fairford">RAF Fairford</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Alconbury" title="RAF Alconbury">RAF Alconbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/RAF_Mildenhall" title="RAF Mildenhall">RAF Mildenhall</a> in the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Moron_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moron AB">Moron AB</a> in Spain, <a href="/wiki/Lajes_Field" title="Lajes Field">Lajes Field</a> in the Azores (Portugal), <a href="/wiki/RAF_Akrotiri" title="RAF Akrotiri">RAF Akrotiri</a> in Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Incirlik_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Incirlik AB">Incirlik AB</a> in Turkey, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a>, and from multiple air bases in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates during the first <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> (Operations <a href="/wiki/Desert_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert Shield">Desert Shield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert Storm">Desert Storm</a>) from 1990 to 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Strategic_Air_Command" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command">List of commanders-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2014" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Clifton (27 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.spotify.com/track/4r35EMAPRMPeJGxxZLenaz">"Strategic Air Command March"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spotify&rft.atitle=Strategic+Air+Command+March&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Clifton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Ftrack%2F4r35EMAPRMPeJGxxZLenaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWragg1973" class="citation book cs1">Wragg, David W. (1973). <i>A Dictionary of Aviation</i> (first ed.). Osprey. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850451634" title="Special:BookSources/9780850451634"><bdi>9780850451634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Aviation&rft.pages=232&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780850451634&rft.aulast=Wragg&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atk.com/news-releases/alliant-techsystems-names-blalock-to-head-new-colorado-springs-field-marketing-office/">"Alliant Techsystems Names Blalock to Head New Colorado Springs Field Marketing Office"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(news release)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Chief, Missile Concept Division, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alliant+Techsystems+Names+Blalock+to+Head+New+Colorado+Springs+Field+Marketing+Office&rft.pub=ATK.com&rft.date=1997-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atk.com%2Fnews-releases%2Falliant-techsystems-names-blalock-to-head-new-colorado-springs-field-marketing-office%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718071848/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=15047">"Fact Sheet: Air Force Global Strike Command"</a>. afhra.af.mil. 17 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=15047">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(news release)</span> on 18 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+Air+Force+Global+Strike+Command&rft.pub=afhra.af.mil&rft.date=2009-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheet.asp%3Fid%3D15047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worden-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Worden_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worden_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worden_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worden_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worden_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worden_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorden2000" class="citation report cs1">Worden, Col. Mike (July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525180444/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA338755">Rise of the Fighter Generals: The Problem of Air Force Leadership 1945–1982</a> (Report). Air University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58566-048-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58566-048-5"><bdi>1-58566-048-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA338755">the original</a> on 25 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>. <q>43. Richard H. Kohn and Joseph Harahan, eds., <i>Strategic Air Warfare An Interview with Curtis E. LeMay, Leon W. Johnson, David A. Burchinal, and Jack J. Catton</i> (Washington, D.C.: OAFH, 1988), 93. This account indicates that SAC needed five to six days to go pick up atomic weapons and fly to forward bases before launching atomic air strikes. Also in March 1946 only 27 B-29s were atomic capable. Nine bombs were available in 1946, 13 in 1947, and 50 in 1948. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a> teams could prepare only two bombs each day by mid-1948 (p. 95). Rosenberg, 14. ... Vandenberg, sent the highly regarded <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Lindbergh" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Lindbergh">Charles A. Lindbergh</a> to inspect six SAC bases. Lindbergh spent more than one thousand hours in the air with SAC crews. His September 1948 report cited low standards of professionalism, poor morale, low proficiency, personnel disruptions, and command training policies that "seriously interfered with training in the primary mission of the atomic squadrons."<sup>5</sup></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Rise+of+the+Fighter+Generals%3A+The+Problem+of+Air+Force+Leadership+1945%E2%80%931982&rft.pub=Air+University+Press&rft.date=2000-07&rft.isbn=1-58566-048-5&rft.aulast=Worden&rft.aufirst=Col.+Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetTRDoc%3FAD%3DADA338755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaloga-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zaloga_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2008" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steven J. (2008) [2007]. <i>German V-Weapon Sites 1943–45</i>. <a href="/wiki/Fortress_Study_Group" title="Fortress Study Group">Fortress Study Group</a> (72). Johnson, Hugh & Taylor, Chris (Illustrations). Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184603-247-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-184603-247-9"><bdi>978-184603-247-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+V-Weapon+Sites+1943%E2%80%9345&rft.series=Fortress+Study+Group+%2872%29&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-184603-247-9&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leonard-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Leonard, Barry (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216135402/https://history.army.mil/html/books/bmd/BMDV2.pdf"><i>History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. II, 1955–1972. Fort McNair: Center for Military History. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-2131-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-2131-1"><bdi>978-1-4379-2131-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/bmd/BMDV2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2013</span>. <q>In November 1945, General Dwight D. Eisenhower became Army Chief of Staff. One of General Eisenhower's first actions was to appoint a board of officers, headed by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/William_Hood_Simpson" title="William Hood Simpson">W. H. Simpson</a>, to prepare a definitive plan for the reorganization of the Army and the Air Force that could be effected without enabling legislation and would provide for the separation of the Air Force from the Army.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Strategic+Air+and+Ballistic+Missile+Defense&rft.place=Fort+McNair&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Center+for+Military+History&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4379-2131-1&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2Fbmd%2FBMDV2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HS-61-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HS-61_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002120320/http://www.alternatewars.com/WW3/WW3_Documents/USAF/SAC_Historic_Study_61_Partial.htm">History of Strategic Air Command: Chapter III Operations and Training</a> (Report). Vol. Historical Study No. 61. Historical Division, SAC Office of Information. c. 1957. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alternatewars.com/WW3/WW3_Documents/USAF/SAC_Historic_Study_61_Partial.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(partial transcript at AlternateWars.com)</span> on 2 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=History+of+Strategic+Air+Command%3A+Chapter+III+Operations+and+Training&rft.pub=Historical+Division%2C+SAC+Office+of+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternatewars.com%2FWW3%2FWW3_Documents%2FUSAF%2FSAC_Historic_Study_61_Partial.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> Following are the bases assigned on 21 March: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Abilene Army Air Field">Abilene Army Air Field</a>, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamogordo_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamogordo Army Air Field">Alamogordo Army Air Field</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews Field">Andrews Field</a>, Maryland</li> <li>Arlington Auxiliary #4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avon_Park_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Avon Park Army Air Field">Avon Park Army Air Field</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolling_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolling Field">Bolling Field</a>, Washington, D. C. ,</li> <li>Caddo Mills Auxiliary #1</li> <li>Cash, Texas, Auxiliary #2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle Field">Castle Field</a>, California</li> <li>Center Auxiliary #2, Parma, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chico_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Chico Army Air Field">Chico Army Air Field</a>, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Clovis Army Air Field">Clovis Army Air Field</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis-Monthan_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Davis-Monthan Field">Davis-Monthan Field</a>, Arizona</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deming_Army_Air_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deming Army Air Field (page does not exist)">Deming Army Air Field</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dow_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Dow Field">Dow Field</a>, Maine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmont_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairmont Army Air Field">Fairmont Army Air Field</a>, Nebraska (sub-base of Grand Island Army Air Field, Nebraska)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumner_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Sumner Army Airfield">Fort Sumner Army Airfield</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth Army Air Field">Fort Worth Army Air Field</a>, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geiger_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Geiger Field">Geiger Field</a>, Washington</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gowen_Army_Air_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gowen Army Air Field (page does not exist)">Gowen Army Air Field</a>, Idaho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island_Army_Air_Field" title="Grand Island Army Air Field">Grand Island Army Air Field</a>, Nebraska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bend_Army_Air_Field" title="Great Bend Army Air Field">Great Bend Army Air Field</a>, Kansas</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greensboro-Highpoint_Army_Air_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greensboro-Highpoint Army Air Field (page does not exist)">Greensboro-Highpoint Army Air Field</a>, North Carolina</li> <li>Greensboro Oversea Replacement Depot (ORD), North Carolina</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenier_Army_Air_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenier Army Air Field (page does not exist)">Grenier Army Air Field</a>, New Hampshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Army Air Field">Harvard Army Air Field</a>, Nebraska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs_Tent_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Springs Tent Camp">Headquarters Area</a>, Colorado Springs, Colorado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearney_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Kearney Army Air Field">Kearney Army Air Field</a>, Nebraska</li> <li>Kearns Oversea Replacement Depot (ORD), Utah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirtland Army Air Field">Kirtland Army Air Field</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="La Junta Army Air Field">La Junta Army Air Field</a>, Colorado</li> <li>Las Animas Auxiliary #2, Colorado</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDill_Army_Air_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacDill Army Air Field (page does not exist)">MacDill Army Air Field</a>, Tampa, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majors_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Majors Field">Majors Field</a>, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCook_Army_Air_Field" title="McCook Army Air Field">McCook Army Air Field</a>, Nebraska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Home Army Air Field">Mountain Home Army Air Field</a>, Idaho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscoda_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscoda Army Air Field">Oscoda Army Air Field</a>, Michigan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterson_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterson Field">Peterson Field</a>, Colorado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_Army_Air_Field" title="Pratt Army Air Field">Pratt Army Air Field</a>, Kansas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Army_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Army Air Base">Pueblo Army Air Base</a>, Colorado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid City Army Air Field">Rapid City Army Air Field</a>, South Dakota</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Army_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Army Air Base">Richmond Army Air Base</a>, Virginia</li> <li>Rocky Ford Auxiliary #1, Colorado</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roswell_Army_Air_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roswell Army Air Base (page does not exist)">Roswell Army Air Base</a>, New Mexico</li> <li>Roswell Auxiliary #3, New Mexico,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City Army Air Field">Salt Lake City Army Air Field</a>, Utah</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selfridge_Army_Air_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selfridge Army Air Field (page does not exist)">Selfridge Army Air Field</a>, Michigan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour-Johnson_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seymour-Johnson Field (page does not exist)">Seymour-Johnson Field</a>, North Carolina</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sioux_City_Army_Air_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sioux City Army Air Field (page does not exist)">Sioux City Army Air Field</a>, Iowa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls Army Air Field">Sioux Falls Army Air Field</a>, South Dakota</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_Hill_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoky Hill Army Air Field">Smoky Hill Army Air Field</a>, Salina, Kansas</li> <li>South Auxiliary #1, Deming, New Mexico</li> <li>South Sulphur Auxiliary #3, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonopah_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonopah Army Air Field">Tonopah Army Air Field</a>, Nevada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Walla Walla Army Air Field">Walla Walla Army Air Field</a>, Washington.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Boyne-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boyne_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyne_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyne1997" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Boyne" title="Walter J. Boyne">Boyne, Walter J</a> (1997), <i>Beyond The Wild Blue: A History of the United States Air Force 1947–1997</i>, New York: St. Martin's Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+The+Wild+Blue%3A+A+History+of+the+United+States+Air+Force+1947%E2%80%931997&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Boyne&rft.aufirst=Walter+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2005" class="citation report cs1">Adams, Chris (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0WW6e0Xe9w4C&q=strategic+air+command">Inside The Cold War; A Cold Warrior's Reflections</a> (Report) (3rd printing ed.). Air University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Inside+The+Cold+War%3B+A+Cold+Warrior%27s+Reflections&rft.edition=3rd+printing&rft.pub=Air+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0WW6e0Xe9w4C%26q%3Dstrategic%2Bair%2Bcommand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Summary-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorstead1983" class="citation report cs1">Horstead, Terry L. (9 November 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobileradar.org/Documents/hist_sum_rad_bom_scrg.pdf">Historical Summary: Radar Bomb Scoring, 1945–1983</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Barksdale AFB, Louisiana: Office of History, <a href="/wiki/1st_Combat_Evaluation_Group" title="1st Combat Evaluation Group">1st Combat Evaluation Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>With the activation of the 8th Air Force the demand for radar bomb scoring training increased greatly. The 263rd was relieved from assignment to 15th Air Force and assigned directly to Headquarters Strategic Air Command.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Historical+Summary%3A+Radar+Bomb+Scoring%2C+1945%E2%80%931983&rft.place=Barksdale+AFB%2C+Louisiana&rft.pub=Office+of+History%2C+1st+Combat+Evaluation+Group&rft.date=1983-11-09&rft.aulast=Horstead&rft.aufirst=Terry+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobileradar.org%2FDocuments%2Fhist_sum_rad_bom_scrg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroyhill" class="citation web cs1">Broyhill, Marvin T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategic-air-command.com/history/history-00.htm">"SAC History: This section is still under development"</a>. Strategic-Air-Command.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2013</span>. <q><u><b>Startup</b></u> – 1944 – 1946. SAC is formed. Assigned 15th Air Force. First 10 Bomb Groups. 8 inactivated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAC+History%3A+This+section+is+still+under+development&rft.pub=Strategic-Air-Command.com&rft.aulast=Broyhill&rft.aufirst=Marvin+T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategic-air-command.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerring1966" class="citation news cs1">Herring, G. B. (Jr.) (19 May 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/laurel-leader-call/1966-05-19/page-15">"TBD"</a>. <i>Laurel Leader Call</i>. Laurel, Mississippi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2012</span>. <q>Radar bomb scoring began in 1946 with 888 bomb releases for the year against a site in the<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2013)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> San Diego</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laurel+Leader+Call&rft.atitle=TBD&rft.date=1966-05-19&rft.aulast=Herring&rft.aufirst=G.+B.+%28Jr.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Flaurel-leader-call%2F1966-05-19%2Fpage-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wack-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wack_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWack1992" class="citation book cs1">Wack, Fred J (1992). <i>The Secret Explorers: Saga of the 46th/72nd Reconnaissance Squadrons</i>. Seeger's Print. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0006EZ8GQ">B0006EZ8GQ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+Explorers%3A+Saga+of+the+46th%2F72nd+Reconnaissance+Squadrons&rft.pub=Seeger%27s+Print&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0006EZ8GQ%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Wack&rft.aufirst=Fred+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rb-29.net/HTML/77ColdWarStory/02.04rcnbgn.htm">"Cold War Story, Chapter 2, The Need to Know-Cold War Aerial Recon Begins, Page 4 of 5 Pages"</a>. <i>rb-29.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rb-29.net&rft.atitle=Cold+War+Story%2C+Chapter+2%2C+The+Need+to+Know-Cold+War+Aerial+Recon+Begins%2C+Page+4+of+5+Pages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frb-29.net%2FHTML%2F77ColdWarStory%2F02.04rcnbgn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenberg-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg1979" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, David A (June 1979). "American Atomic Strategy and the Hydrogen Bomb Decision". <i>The Journal of American History</i>. <b>66</b> (1): 62–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1894674">10.2307/1894674</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1894674">1894674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+History&rft.atitle=American+Atomic+Strategy+and+the+Hydrogen+Bomb+Decision&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-87&rft.date=1979-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1894674&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1894674%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=David+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jstor2538995-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jstor2538995_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohnHarahan1988" class="citation journal cs1">Kohn, R. H.; Harahan, J. P. (1988). "U.S. Strategic Air Power, 1948–1962: Excerpts from an Interview with Generals Curtis E. LeMay, Leon W. Johnson, David A. Burchinal, and Jack J. Catton". <i>International Security</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 78–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538995">10.2307/2538995</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538995">2538995</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154782339">154782339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=U.S.+Strategic+Air+Power%2C+1948%E2%80%931962%3A+Excerpts+from+an+Interview+with+Generals+Curtis+E.+LeMay%2C+Leon+W.+Johnson%2C+David+A.+Burchinal%2C+and+Jack+J.+Catton&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=78-95&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154782339%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538995%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538995&rft.aulast=Kohn&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rft.au=Harahan%2C+J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Kohn and Joseph Harahan, eds., Strategic Air Warfare: An Interview with Curtis E. LeMay, Leon W. Johnson, David A. Burchinal, and Jack J. Catton (Washington, DC: OAFH, 1988), 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252404/Half-Moon">"Half Moon"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Half+Moon&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F252404%2FHalf-Moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weitze-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weitze_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weitze_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weitze_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weitze_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weitze_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitze1999" class="citation report cs1">Weitze, Karen J. (November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cryptocomb.org/Cold%20War%20Infrastructure%20for%20Strategic%20Air%20Command-The%20Bomber%20Mission.pdf">Cold War Infrastructure for Strategic Air Command: The Bomber Mission</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). United States Army Corps of Engineers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2013</span>. <q>The first six B-36s arrived at <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Slimane_Air_Base" title="Sidi Slimane Air Base">Sidi Slimane</a>, another SAC base built in <a href="/wiki/French_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="French Morocco">French Morocco</a>, in early December 1951, completing their 5,000-mile training flight from Carswell Air Force Base ... SAC built approximately 50 to 60 of its second generation bomber maintenance hangars at approximately 46 Air Force installations in the U.S. and internationally between 1952 and 1955</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Cold+War+Infrastructure+for+Strategic+Air+Command%3A+The+Bomber+Mission&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Corps+of+Engineers&rft.date=1999-11&rft.aulast=Weitze&rft.aufirst=Karen+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcryptocomb.org%2FCold%2520War%2520Infrastructure%2520for%2520Strategic%2520Air%2520Command-The%2520Bomber%2520Mission.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mueller-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller1989" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Mueller, Robert (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330255/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-026.pdf">Air Force Bases</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Vol. I: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. Office of Air Force History. p. 600. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6"><bdi>0-912799-53-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Bases&rft.pages=600&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-912799-53-6&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FSep%2F21%2F2001330255%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-100921-026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategic-air-command.com/bases/Patrick_AFB.htm">"Patrick AFB - Cape Canaveral Air Base"</a>. <i>strategic-air-command.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=strategic-air-command.com&rft.atitle=Patrick+AFB+-+Cape+Canaveral+Air+Base&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategic-air-command.com%2Fbases%2FPatrick_AFB.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AETChistory-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AETChistory_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AETChistory_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904055045/http://www.keesler.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-090203-089.pdf">A Brief History of Keesler AFB and the 81st Training Wing</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Vol. A-090203-089. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keesler.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-090203-089.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>Flight Engineer Training [was a] <a href="/wiki/Mather_Air_Force_Base" title="Mather Air Force Base">Mather</a>-based program transferred to Strategic Air Command in early 1947 ... [a] flight engineer rating [required] successfully complet[ing] flying training in SAC [after] February 1947, and within several months ATC transferred the B-29s to SAC. ... <a href="/wiki/Geiger_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Geiger Field">Geiger Field</a> transferred to Strategic Air Command as of 15 September. [ATC also] transferred a Geiger subpost, <a href="/wiki/Fort_George_Wright" title="Fort George Wright">Fort George E. Wright</a>, to Strategic Air Command on 16 July.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Keesler+AFB+and+the+81st+Training+Wing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keesler.af.mil%2Fshared%2Fmedia%2Fdocument%2FAFD-090203-089.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> (the fort had <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreanwar.org/html/units/usaf/3903rbs.htm">SAC's RBS Detachment D</a> by 1950.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Strategic Air Command</i> (organizational chart), Fall 1947, Accessed 2013-08-14</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategic+Air+Command&rft.date=1947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> (published in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMixer1999" class="citation book cs1">Mixer, Ronald E (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MaXQnAEACAAJ"><i>The Genealogy of the Strategic Air Command</i></a>. Battermix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genealogy+of+the+Strategic+Air+Command&rft.pub=Battermix&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mixer&rft.aufirst=Ronald+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMaXQnAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102104947/http://www.rameyafb.net/the-history-pages/borinquen-field-renamed-in-1948/">"Borinquen Field Renamed in 1948 - Ramey Air Force Base Historical Association"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rameyafb.net/the-history-pages/borinquen-field-renamed-in-1948/">the original</a> on 2 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforcebase.net/usaf/joeslist.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=airforcebase.net&rft.atitle=Joe+McCusker%27s+Air+Force+Base+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcebase.net%2Fusaf%2Fjoeslist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schaffel-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schaffel_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaffel_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaffel1991" class="citation book cs1">Schaffel, Kenneth (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051113175706/https://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/Annotations/schaffelemerging.htm"><i>The Emerging Shield: The Air Force and the Evolution of Continental Air Defense, 1945–1960</i></a>. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/Annotations/schaffelemerging.htm">the original</a> on 13 November 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emerging+Shield%3A+The+Air+Force+and+the+Evolution+of+Continental+Air+Defense%2C+1945%E2%80%931960&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Schaffel&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil%2FPublications%2FAnnotations%2Fschaffelemerging.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2005" class="citation news cs1">Alexander, Sigmund (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b-47.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Newsletter-22-Jul-2005.pdf">"Radar Bomb Scoring: RBS Operations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Stratojet_Newsletter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Stratojet Newsletter (page does not exist)">The Stratojet Newsletter</a></i>. Vol. 22. <a href="/wiki/B-47_Stratojet" class="mw-redirect" title="B-47 Stratojet">B-47 Stratojet</a> Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stratojet+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Radar+Bomb+Scoring%3A+RBS+Operations&rft.volume=22&rft.date=2005-07&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Sigmund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fb-47.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F06%2FNewsletter-22-Jul-2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tillman-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tillman_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tillman_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tillman_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillman2007" class="citation book cs1">Tillman, Barrett (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lemay00till"><i>LeMay</i></a></span>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lemay00till/page/94">94</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781403971357" title="Special:BookSources/9781403971357"><bdi>9781403971357</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LeMay&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781403971357&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=Barrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flemay00till&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhodes19950611-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rhodes19950611_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhodes19950611_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Rhodes, Richard (11 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1995/06/19/the-general-and-world-war-iii">"The General and World War III"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+General+and+World+War+III&rft.date=1995-06-11&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1995%2F06%2F19%2Fthe-general-and-world-war-iii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnaack1988" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Knaack, Marcelle Size (1988). "Appendix II: Experimental and Prototype Bombers, North American XB-70A". Encyclopedia of U.S. Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems (Report). Vol. II: Post-World War II Bombers 1945–1973. Washington DC: Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-59-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-59-5"><bdi>0-912799-59-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+U.S.+Air+Force+Aircraft+and+Missile+Systems&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History%2C+United+States+Air+Force&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-912799-59-5&rft.aulast=Knaack&rft.aufirst=Marcelle+Size&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baugher-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baugher_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baugher_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baugher_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baugher_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaugher" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Baugher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Baugher (page does not exist)">Baugher, Joseph F.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com">"Welcome to Joe Baugher's Home Page!"</a>. JoeBaugher.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Joe+Baugher%27s+Home+Page%21&rft.pub=JoeBaugher.com&rft.aulast=Baugher&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joebaugher.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> <b>Individual aircraft/model pages</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/newb2_1.html">B-2A</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b47.html">B-47</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b36.html">B-36</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b52.html">B-52</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b52_9.html">B-52D)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/kirtland.htm">"Kirtland AFB, New Mexico"</a>. <i>Military Facilities: Air Force Bases</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Facilities%3A+Air+Force+Bases&rft.atitle=Kirtland+AFB%2C+New+Mexico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Ffacility%2Fkirtland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStives2010" class="citation web cs1">Stives, Brian (5 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afgsc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123227907">"Global Strike Challenge – A legacy of excellence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> Public Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Strike+Challenge+%E2%80%93+A+legacy+of+excellence&rft.pub=Eighth+Air+Force+Public+Affairs&rft.date=2010-11-05&rft.aulast=Stives&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afgsc.af.mil%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Fid%3D123227907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglehardt2007" class="citation book cs1">Englehardt, Tom (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SGtlrotHe2AC&pg=PA155"><i>The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America...</i></a> Univ of Massachusetts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558495869" title="Special:BookSources/9781558495869"><bdi>9781558495869</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Victory+Culture%3A+Cold+War+America...&rft.pub=Univ+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781558495869&rft.aulast=Englehardt&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSGtlrotHe2AC%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFD100526-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AFD100526_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFD100526_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFD100526_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrganizational_History_Branch,_Research_Division,_Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency2001" class="citation book cs1">Organizational History Branch, Research Division, Air Force Historical Research Agency (2001). Endicott, Judy G. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/May/26/2001330297/-1/-1/0/AFD-100526-045.pdf"><i>The USAF in Korea: Campaigns, Units, and Stations 1950–1953</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160509018" title="Special:BookSources/9780160509018"><bdi>9780160509018</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/994583778">994583778</a>. <q>To help meet the threat of the Soviet-built MiG–15 fighter in Korea, the USAF diverted Strategic Air Command's 27th FEW with its F–84 Thunderjets to the Far East instead of sending it as planned to England. In early December 1950, the wing established a rear echelon at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itazuke,_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itazuke, Japan (page does not exist)">Itazuke, Japan</a> and took its F–84s to <a href="/wiki/Taegu_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taegu AB">Taegu AB</a>, South Korea. Less than two months later, fearful that Chinese ground forces would overrun United Nations jet bases in South Korea, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth Air Force</a> withdrew the 27th FEW to Japan. The wing continued combat operations from Japan until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=136th_FBW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="136th FBW (page does not exist)">136th FBW</a> replaced it in late June 1951.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+USAF+in+Korea%3A+Campaigns%2C+Units%2C+and+Stations+1950%E2%80%931953&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Air+Force+History+and+Museums+Program&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F994583778&rft.isbn=9780160509018&rft.au=Organizational+History+Branch%2C+Research+Division%2C+Air+Force+Historical+Research+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FMay%2F26%2F2001330297%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-100526-045.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenberg1983-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg1983_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg1983" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, David A (Spring 1983). "The Origins of Overkill: Nuclear Weapons and American Strategy, 1945–1960". <i>International Security</i>. <b>7</b> (4). Los Angeles: University of Southern California: 3–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2626731">10.2307/2626731</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2626731">2626731</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154529784">154529784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Overkill%3A+Nuclear+Weapons+and+American+Strategy%2C+1945%E2%80%931960&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3-71&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154529784%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2626731%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2626731&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=David+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFREF-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFREF_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123144488">"History of aerial refueling: Fueling the fighters"</a>. <i>af.mil</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=af.mil&rft.atitle=History+of+aerial+refueling%3A+Fueling+the+fighters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amc.af.mil%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Fid%3D123144488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lloyd-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2000" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd (2000). <i>A Cold War Legacy: A Tribute to Strategic Air Command</i> (1st ed.). Pictorial Histories Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-575100-52-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-575100-52-5"><bdi>1-575100-52-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cold+War+Legacy%3A+A+Tribute+to+Strategic+Air+Command&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Pictorial+Histories+Publishing+Co&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-575100-52-5&rft.au=Lloyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1988" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd, Alwyn T (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nj8yAQAAIAAJ&q=strategic+air+command"><i>B-47 Stratojet in detail & scale</i></a>. TAB Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816850235" title="Special:BookSources/9780816850235"><bdi>9780816850235</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=B-47+Stratojet+in+detail+%26+scale&rft.pub=TAB+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780816850235&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Alwyn+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnj8yAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dstrategic%2Bair%2Bcommand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joint Chiefs of Staff summary<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (August 2012)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> (cited by Schaffel p. 194)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> transcript (quoted by Schaffel, p. 251—speaker not identified). Note: <a href="/wiki/Massive_retaliation" title="Massive retaliation">Massive retaliation</a> was "espoused publicly in January 1954 by Eisenhower's Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>" (Schaffel p. 194)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mikesh-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mikesh_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mikesh_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikesh1995" class="citation book cs1">Mikesh, Robert C (1995). <i>Martin B-57 Canberra: The Complete Record</i>. Schiffer Pub Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88740-661-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88740-661-0"><bdi>0-88740-661-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martin+B-57+Canberra%3A+The+Complete+Record&rft.pub=Schiffer+Pub+Ltd&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-88740-661-0&rft.aulast=Mikesh&rft.aufirst=Robert+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jeromegoolsby.net/military/sacstats.htmlkept">http://www.jeromegoolsby.net/military/sacstats.htmlkept</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006083920/http://www.7bwb-36assn.org/b36genhistpg4.html">"7th Bombardment Wing Operations, Carswell AFB, 1955–1958"</a>. 7bwb-36assn.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.7bwb-36assn.org/b36genhistpg4.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7th+Bombardment+Wing+Operations%2C+Carswell+AFB%2C+1955%E2%80%931958&rft.pub=7bwb-36assn.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.7bwb-36assn.org%2Fb36genhistpg4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19550502&id=XPpXAAAAIBAJ&pg=4206,164978">"Fairchild Wing To Get Trophy in Bomb Tests"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google news archive)</span>. <i>Spokane Daily Chronicle</i>. 2 May 1955<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokane+Daily+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Fairchild+Wing+To+Get+Trophy+in+Bomb+Tests&rft.date=1955-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1338%26dat%3D19550502%26id%3DXPpXAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4206%2C164978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201525.html">1957 | 1525 | Flight Archive</a>. <i>FlightGlobal</i>. (18 October 1957). Retrieved 2013-09-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaugland1957" class="citation news cs1">Haugland, Vern (31 October 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130124201649/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zF9QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_w8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=7362,5208977&dq=bomb-scoring&hl=en">"90 SAC Planes to H-Bomb 3 Target Cities Off Map"</a>. <i>The Milwaukee Sentinel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zF9QAAAAIBAJ&pg=7362,5208977&dq=bomb-scoring&hl=en">the original</a> on 24 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milwaukee+Sentinel&rft.atitle=90+SAC+Planes+to+H-Bomb+3+Target+Cities+Off+Map&rft.date=1957-10-31&rft.aulast=Haugland&rft.aufirst=Vern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DzF9QAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7362%2C5208977%26dq%3Dbomb-scoring%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/">"Race for the Superbomb"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(5 webpages transcribing SAC Lt. Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Edmundson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Edmundson (page does not exist)">James Edmundson</a>'s interview)</span>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Race+for+the+Superbomb&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fbomb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting System">Public Broadcasting System</a> (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund06.html">SAC mission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820202100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund06.html">Archived</a> 20 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund05.html">Response Time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820193332/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund05.html">Archived</a> 20 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund11.html">War Plans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820203415/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund11.html">Archived</a> 20 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund13.html">End of the Cold War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820192725/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/edmund13.html">Archived</a> 20 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chronos-historical.org/mtholyoke/history3.html">"Mt. Holyoke Timeline: 1950–1974"</a>. <i>chronos-historical.org/mtholyoke</i>. Chronos-Historical.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chronos-historical.org%2Fmtholyoke&rft.atitle=Mt.+Holyoke+Timeline%3A+1950%E2%80%931974&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronos-historical.org%2Fmtholyoke%2Fhistory3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freeman-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freeman_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1997" class="citation news cs1">Freeman, Maj Steve (September 1997). "Visionaries, Cold War, hard work built the foundations of <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Space_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Space Command">Air Force Space Command</a>". <i>Guardian Magazine...funded Air Force newspaper</i>. Vol. 5, no. 6 (Special Anniversary Edition). Peterson Air Force Base. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Magazine...funded+Air+Force+newspaper&rft.atitle=Visionaries%2C+Cold+War%2C+hard+work+built+the+foundations+of+Air+Force+Space+Command&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6+%28Special+Anniversary+Edition%29&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1997-09&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Maj+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarducci1988" class="citation report cs1">Narducci, Henry M (1 April 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siloworld.net/DOWNLOADS/SAC%20Brief%20History%20Reduced.pdf">Strategic Air Command and the Alert Program: A Brief History</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Offutt Air Force Base: Office of the Historian, Headquarters Strategic Air Command<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Strategic+Air+Command+and+the+Alert+Program%3A+A+Brief+History&rft.place=Offutt+Air+Force+Base&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+Headquarters+Strategic+Air+Command&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.aulast=Narducci&rft.aufirst=Henry+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siloworld.net%2FDOWNLOADS%2FSAC%2520Brief%2520History%2520Reduced.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd1988" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Robert J (1988). <i>SAC's fighter planes and their operations</i>. Office of the Historian, Headquarters Strategic Air Command (Supt. of Docs, U.S. G.P.O.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SAC%27s+fighter+planes+and+their+operations&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+Headquarters+Strategic+Air+Command+%28Supt.+of+Docs%2C+U.S.+G.P.O.%29&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Robert+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NORAD1959A-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1959A_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1959A_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Preface by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuss1959" class="citation report cs1">Buss, L. H. (Director) (1 November 1959). North American Air Defense Command and Continental Air Defense Command Historical Summary: January–June 1959 (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information Services.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=North+American+Air+Defense+Command+and+Continental+Air+Defense+Command+Historical+Summary%3A+January%E2%80%93June+1959&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Command+History%3A+Office+of+Information+Services&rft.date=1959-11-01&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=L.+H.+%28Director%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clark_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1990" class="citation report cs1">Clark, Major Rita F. (1 May 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siloworld.net/SAC/SAC%20Missile%20Chronology-6-4.pdf">SAC Missile Chronology 1939–1988</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Office of the Historian, HQ. SAC, Offutt AFB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Creation of the new command was achieved by redesignating Headquarters Continental Air Forces ... 1958...1 January Headquarters SAC established the Office of Assistant CINCSAC (SAC MIKE) at Inglewood, California. This position was designated to serve as an extension of Headquarters SAC and was responsible for working closely with the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division ... 1958...17 June The Air Force accepted delivery of the first Titan I ICBM from the Martin Company, formerly the Glenn L Martin Aircraft Company. ... 1959...8 June First SAC launch of a Quail missile. The launch took place over the Eglin Gulf Test Range. ... 1961...4 August Work was completed on all three Titan I ICBM complexes at the 724th Strategic Missile Squadron, Lowry AFB, Colorado, and they were turned over to the Strategic Air Command by the Army Corps of Engineers. ... 1961 ... 7 December Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara canceled the Mobile Minuteman development program. ... 1966 ... 1 July Headquarters SAC organized a special agency, Ballistic Missile Evaluation (BME), to evaluate and make formal reports to the Joint Chiefs of Staff on the reliability and capability of the various SAC ICBM weapon systems. ... 1966...3–7 April The Strategic Air Command conducted its first missile combat competition. ... 17 April The first attempted launch of a Minuteman II ICBM by means of the Airborne Launch Control System (ALCS) ... 1969 ... 29 July The first flight-test of the SRAM was successful. The missile, launched from a B-52H, flew down the White Sands Missile Range and impacted in the target area. ... 1973 ... 9 January Operational testing and Evaluation (OT&E, nicknamed Bullet Blitz) of the SRAM from B-52 aircraft began at Holloman AFB, New Mexico.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=SAC+Missile+Chronology+1939%E2%80%931988&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+HQ.+SAC%2C+Offutt+AFB&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Major+Rita+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siloworld.net%2FSAC%2FSAC%2520Missile%2520Chronology-6-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Condit-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Condit_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondit1992" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Condit, Kenneth W. (1992) [1971 classified vol]. "Chapter 4: The Weapons Revolution and Service Functions". The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy: 1955–1956 (Report). Vol. VI of <u>History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</u>. Washington, DC: Historical Office, Joint Staff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff+and+National+Policy%3A+1955%E2%80%931956&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Historical+Office%2C+Joint+Staff&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Condit&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> (Condit's footnote 41 on p. 294 cites:<br />JCS Hist Div, <i>Chronology of Significant Events and Decisions Relating to the U.S. Missile and Earth Satellite Development Programs</i> (1957), p. 76 and passim. <i>Semiannual Report of the Secretary of Defense, 1 Jan-30 Jun 58</i>, pp. 283–284.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSecretary_of_Defense1959" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Neil_McElroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Neil McElroy">Secretary of Defense</a> (9 September 1959), <i>handwritten memorandum to the President</i> (typewritten record at Eisenhower Archives with 6/19/79 date at top)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=handwritten+memorandum+to+the+President&rft.date=1959-09-09&rft.au=Secretary+of+Defense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NORAD1959B-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1959B_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preface by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuss1960" class="citation report cs1">Buss, L. H. (Director) (1 May 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northcom.mil/FOIA/docs/1959%20NORAD%20CONAD%20History%20Jul-Dec.pdf">North American Air Defense Command and Continental Air Defense Command Historical Summary: July–December 1959</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information Services.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=North+American+Air+Defense+Command+and+Continental+Air+Defense+Command+Historical+Summary%3A+July%E2%80%93December+1959&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Command+History%3A+Office+of+Information+Services&rft.date=1960-05-01&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=L.+H.+%28Director%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northcom.mil%2FFOIA%2Fdocs%2F1959%2520NORAD%2520CONAD%2520History%2520Jul-Dec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> "On 19 December 1959, NORAD and SAC informed their unlts that, for the interim, no [mock] fighter attacks against bomber aircraft would be allowed. The order was issued as a result of a mid-air collision on 17 December between an F-102 and a B-47 engaged in exercise <a href="/wiki/Quick_Kick" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick Kick">Quick Kick</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth150424/m1/7/zoom/">"Jet Bombers To Descend Near Alto For Series of Mock Air Attacks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(UniSv of Tennessee archives)</span>. <i>The Cherokeean</i>. Rusk, Texas. 28 December 1961<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Strategic Air Command will begin flying missions on 1 Jan. against simulated targets near Greenville, Miss. They will use a low-level entry point near Alto. ... Low level bombing and navigation training has been conducted against fixed sites under the code name "Oil Burner" since November 1959... The RBS train will carry about 65 Air Force personnel. ... The RBS Express...has 10 cars...consisting of existing U.S. Army stock from the Odgen General Depor</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cherokeean&rft.atitle=Jet+Bombers+To+Descend+Near+Alto+For+Series+of+Mock+Air+Attacks&rft.date=1961-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexashistory.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetapth150424%2Fm1%2F7%2Fzoom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">History of the Strategic Air Command, 1 January 1960 – 30 June 1960 (Report). Headquarters, Strategic Air Command. p. 135.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Strategic+Air+Command%2C+1+January+1960+%E2%80%93+30+June+1960&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Headquarters%2C+Strategic+Air+Command&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> (quotation and citation from <i>Evolution of U.S. Strategic Command and Control and Warning</i>: Part 2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2001" class="citation report cs1">Adams, Chris (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FBOt6m-XCyYC&q=strategic+air+command">Ideologies in Conflict; A Cold War Docu-Story</a> (Report). Writers' Showcase<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Ideologies+in+Conflict%3B+A+Cold+War+Docu-Story&rft.pub=Writers%27+Showcase&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFBOt6m-XCyYC%26q%3Dstrategic%2Bair%2Bcommand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029173940/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=1881">"Fact Sheets : RB-47H Shot Down : RB-47H Shot Down"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=1881">the original</a> on 29 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheets+%3A+RB-47H+Shot+Down+%3A+RB-47H+Shot+Down&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmuseum.af.mil%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheet.asp%3Fid%3D1881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deaile-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deaile_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deaile_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaile2007" class="citation thesis cs1">Deaile, Melvin G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent?id=uuid:2ad28821-8054-4890-804d-43af2737b85f&ds=DATA_FILE"><i>The SAC Mentality: The Origins of Organizational Culture in Strategic Air Command, 1946–1962</i></a> (Ph.D. dissertation). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17615%2Fxvz8-0261">10.17615/xvz8-0261</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Although LeMay had designated Deputy Commanders in other theaters (SACX-Ray, Zebra, Victor, Yoke, and Oboe) ... [Looking Glass] has authority when the National Command Authority is no longer there to push the button."<sup>63</sup> ... SAC released balloons equipped with cameras in Norway, England, and Turkey, and retrieved them off the coast of Japan and Alaska... By presidential decree on 8 September 1955, Eisenhower announced that the ICBM would become America's chief focus in terms of the military arsenal.<sup>94</sup></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+SAC+Mentality%3A+The+Origins+of+Organizational+Culture+in+Strategic+Air+Command%2C+1946%E2%80%931962&rft.inst=University+of+North+Carolina+at+Chapel+Hill&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17615%2Fxvz8-0261&rft.aulast=Deaile&rft.aufirst=Melvin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdr.lib.unc.edu%2Findexablecontent%3Fid%3Duuid%3A2ad28821-8054-4890-804d-43af2737b85f%26ds%3DDATA_FILE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalSecurity-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlobalSecurity_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlobalSecurity_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPike2011" class="citation web cs1">Pike, John (24 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/agency/sac.htm">"Strategic Air Command"</a>. Global Security<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategic+Air+Command&rft.pub=Global+Security&rft.date=2011-07-24&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fwmd%2Fagency%2Fsac.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ed-thelen.org/WesternElectricNikeHerculesBrown.pdf">"title tbd"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ed-Thelen.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=title+tbd&rft.pub=Ed-Thelen.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fed-thelen.org%2FWesternElectricNikeHerculesBrown.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASD1961-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ASD1961_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/4298/4/bab9742.0001.001.txt">A Survey and Summary of Mathematical and Simulation Models as Applied to Weapon System Evaluation</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Systems_Center" title="Aeronautical Systems Center">Aeronautical Systems Division</a>, USAF. December 1961<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2011</span>. <q><i>the Phase II and Phase III <a href="/wiki/NORAD" title="NORAD">NORAD</a> SAGE/ <a href="/wiki/Martin_AN/FSG-1_Antiaircraft_Defense_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin AN/FSG-1 Antiaircraft Defense System">Missile Master</a> [program] employing SAC and <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Aerospace Defense Command">ADC</a> aircraft </i>[under]<i> the NORAD Joint Test Force stationed at <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Stewart Air National Guard Base">Stewart AFB</a>.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=A+Survey+and+Summary+of+Mathematical+and+Simulation+Models+as+Applied+to+Weapon+System+Evaluation&rft.pub=Aeronautical+Systems+Division%2C+USAF&rft.date=1961-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fbitstream%2F2027.42%2F4298%2F4%2Fbab9742.0001.001.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> (cites Miller 1961)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055807/http://www.atlasmissilesilo.com/Documents/SquadronUnitHistory/AtlasF/579thSMS/AF-D-O-579-99-RO-00009_6thBombWing_UnitHistory_1962_09_September.pdf">"title tbd"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasmissilesilo.com/Documents/SquadronUnitHistory/AtlasF/579thSMS/AF-D-O-579-99-RO-00009_6thBombWing_UnitHistory_1962_09_September.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(AtlasMissileSilo.com pdf file)</span> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=title+tbd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasmissilesilo.com%2FDocuments%2FSquadronUnitHistory%2FAtlasF%2F579thSMS%2FAF-D-O-579-99-RO-00009_6thBombWing_UnitHistory_1962_09_September.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> pdf p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-factsheets-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-factsheets_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factsheets_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factsheets_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factsheets_68-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets.aspx">"Air Force Fact Sheets"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(search page)</span>. USAF website.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Fact+Sheets&rft.pub=USAF+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.af.mil%2FAboutUs%2FFactSheets.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130626170256/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=109">KC-10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120629083158/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=110">KC-135</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hill.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5762">LGM-118A Peacekeeper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130423200731/http://www.hill.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5762">Archived</a> 23 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=334">SA-2 SAM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404193745/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=334">Archived</a> 4 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nukestrat.com/dk/alert.htm">"the nuclear information project: the airborne alert program"</a>. <i>nukestrat.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nukestrat.com&rft.atitle=the+nuclear+information+project%3A+the+airborne+alert+program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nukestrat.com%2Fdk%2Falert.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisherRoig-Compton1990" class="citation report cs1">Fisher, Lt Col David R.; Roig-Compton, Captain Aida E. (1 May 1990) [rewritten from 1976 report]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siloworld.net/DOWNLOADS/Snark%20to%20Peacekeeper%20Reduced.pdf">From Snark to Peacekeeper: A Pictorial History of Strategic Air Command Missiles</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Office of the Historian, HQ. SAC, Offutt AFB. NE. 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Project "Added Effort", the Air Force nickname for the programmed phaseout of all first-generation ICBMs, began on 1 May 1964 when the first Atlas D's were taken off alert at the 576th Strategic Missile Squadron, Vandenberg AFB, California. ... SAC bubmitted a requirement to the Air Staff on 12 February 1959 calling for the first mobile Minuteman unit to be operational no later than January 1973....tests to be conducted, nicknamed "Operation Big Star." ... The Mobile Minuteman concept, Operation Big Star, test train rolls through the mountains of Utah in 1960.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=From+Snark+to+Peacekeeper%3A+A+Pictorial+History+of+Strategic+Air+Command+Missiles&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+HQ.+SAC%2C+Offutt+AFB.+NE.+1990.&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Lt+Col+David+R.&rft.au=Roig-Compton%2C+Captain+Aida+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siloworld.net%2FDOWNLOADS%2FSnark%2520to%2520Peacekeeper%2520Reduced.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/904/050.xml"><i>IRISNUM 00904050</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Oral History Interview tape—21 minutes)</span>, vol. Project CORONA HARVEST Collection, Part of, SACADVON, Tan Son Nhut Air Base: abstract at Air Force History Index.org, 15 November 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>, <q>Operational Concept of BUGLE NOTE</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IRISNUM+00904050&rft.place=SACADVON%2C+Tan+Son+Nhut+Air+Base&rft.pub=abstract+at+Air+Force+History+Index.org&rft.date=1968-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairforcehistoryindex.org%2Fdata%2F000%2F904%2F050.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menu-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Menu_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menu_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menu_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menu_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130713034525/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/International_security_affairs/vietnam_and_southeast_asiaDocuments/27.pdf">...Selected Air and Ground Operations in Cambodia and Laos</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). US Department of Defense. 10 September 1973. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/International_security_affairs/vietnam_and_southeast_asiaDocuments/27.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(presented during "Bombing in Cambodia" hearings before the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a>)</span> on 13 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>. <q><a href="/w/index.php?title=COMBAT_SKYSPOT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMBAT SKYSPOT (page does not exist)">COMBAT SKYSPOT</a> radar...controlled all <a href="/wiki/Operation_Menu" title="Operation Menu">Operation MENU missions</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=...Selected+Air+and+Ground+Operations+in+Cambodia+and+Laos&rft.pub=US+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=1973-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dod.mil%2Fpubs%2Ffoi%2FInternational_security_affairs%2Fvietnam_and_southeast_asiaDocuments%2F27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrenkowski1977" class="citation journal cs1">Drenkowski, Drew (September 1977). "Operation Linebacker II". <i>Soldier of Fortune 2, No. 3</i>: 15–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soldier+of+Fortune+2%2C+No.+3&rft.atitle=Operation+Linebacker+II&rft.pages=15-20&rft.date=1977-09&rft.aulast=Drenkowski&rft.aufirst=Drew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> (cited by Worden p. 174)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129102417/http://airforce.com/learn-about/history/part3/">"Part Three: Countering the Communist Threat During the Cold War"</a>. <i>Air Force History</i>. AirForce.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airforce.com/learn-about/history/part3/">the original</a> on 29 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+History&rft.atitle=Part+Three%3A+Countering+the+Communist+Threat+During+the+Cold+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforce.com%2Flearn-about%2Fhistory%2Fpart3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAC1969-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SAC1969_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC1969_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC1969_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minotb52ufo.com/archives/strategic_air_command/sac_hist_fy69_vol1_ch1.pdf">History of the Strategic Air Command: 1969</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Vol. Historical Summary 116. Office of Command History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2013</span>. <q>[from SAC] transfer, on 1 July 1968, of Homestead AFB [and] Altus AFB ... The definition of <a href="/wiki/CONUS" class="mw-redirect" title="CONUS">CONUS</a> was that used for the USAF program document, PD-70-3: the contiguous states... cuts were directed by USAF...to keep assignments within the strength and man-year ceilings established by the ... Secretary of Defense ... The overall reduction, directed by USAF, was known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_693&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project 693 (page does not exist)">Project 693</a> ...<sup>77</sup> ... the <a href="/wiki/18th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="18th Strategic Aerospace Division">18th Strategic Aerospace Division</a> (SAD) was discontinued on 2 July. ... SAC had 64 detachments at the end of FY-69, an increase of nine, offset by a reduction of three. One discontinued was Detachment 4, <a href="/wiki/1st_Combat_Evaluation_Group" title="1st Combat Evaluation Group">1st Combat Evaluation Group</a> (CEG), <a href="/wiki/Radar_Bomb_Scoring_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar Bomb Scoring Division">Oronogo, Missouri</a>. It was the second detachment of the 1CEG to be inactivated in 1968.<sup>100</sup> ... Scoring activity stopped on 15 December, the equipment was moved,<sup>105</sup> and the detachment inactivated on 25 January.<sup>106</sup> The other two reductions were Detachments 3 and 19, 3902nd Support Squadron, at Altus and Homestead AFBs, where Manpower Evaluation Teams were no longer required. ... 100. Det 13, Ellisville, Miss, discontinued 2 Jun 68; Hist SAC, Jan–Jun 68, pp. 14–17.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Strategic+Air+Command%3A+1969&rft.pub=Office+of+Command+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminotb52ufo.com%2Farchives%2Fstrategic_air_command%2Fsac_hist_fy69_vol1_ch1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYenne1992" class="citation book cs1">Yenne, Bill (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mYvfAAAAMAAJ&q=vietnam"><i>SAC, A Primer of Modern Strategic Airpower</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google books)</span>. Presidio Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780891411895" title="Special:BookSources/9780891411895"><bdi>9780891411895</bdi></a>. <q>By June [1966], after a year in the war zone, B-52s were dropping 8000 tons of bombs monthly in saturation raids on South Vietnam</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SAC%2C+A+Primer+of+Modern+Strategic+Airpower&rft.pub=Presidio+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780891411895&rft.aulast=Yenne&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmYvfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dvietnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrell2009" class="citation journal cs1">Correll, John T. (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2009/January%202009/0109arc.aspx">"Arc Light"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(transcript of article)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Magazine">Air Force Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+Magazine&rft.atitle=Arc+Light&rft.date=2009-01&rft.aulast=Correll&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcemag.com%2FMagazineArchive%2FPages%2F2009%2FJanuary%25202009%2F0109arc.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAC1966-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SAC1966_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC1966_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">1966 SAC history <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/47549447/SAC-History-1966-Study-102">https://www.scribd.com/doc/47549447/SAC-History-1966-Study-102</a> [SAC1966 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dougkeeney.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/pages-from-sac_history_1966_study_102-laos-targets1.pdf">http://dougkeeney.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/pages-from-sac_history_1966_study_102-laos-targets1.pdf</a> (pp. 121–122 on 1965-6 bombings)]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airforce.togetherweserved.com/usaf/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=ShadowBoxProfile&type=Person&ID=8139">"title tbd"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(memorial webpage)</span>. <q>The attack of February 24, 1968, killed 1 of the 1CEG personnel, while wounding 4 (myself among them.) Sgts Rose and Norman Thomas of SAC ADVON were also killed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=title+tbd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairforce.togetherweserved.com%2Fusaf%2Fservlet%2Ftws.webapp.WebApp%3Fcmd%3DShadowBoxProfile%26type%3DPerson%26ID%3D8139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2000" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Wayne (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lFODLIxqkWwC&q=%22SACADVON%22&pg=PA16"><i>To Hanoi and Back: The United States Air Force and North Vietnam 1966–1973</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google books)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Hanoi+and+Back%3A+The+United+States+Air+Force+and+North+Vietnam+1966%E2%80%931973&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlFODLIxqkWwC%26q%3D%2522SACADVON%2522%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADA539675-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADA539675_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADA539675_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901182048/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA539675">Lessons from Vietnam: Should SAC Perform Both Nuclear and Conventional Missions?</a> (Report). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA539675">the original</a> on 1 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Vietnam%3A+Should+SAC+Perform+Both+Nuclear+and+Conventional+Missions%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetTRDoc%3FAD%3DADA539675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrea1984" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Drea, Edward J. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201119/http://history.defense.gov/resources/OSDSeries_Vol6.pdf">McNamara, Clifford, and theBurdens of Vietnam1965-1969</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Vol. VI, Secretaries of Defense Historical Series. Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-088135-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-088135-0"><bdi>978-0-16-088135-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.defense.gov/resources/OSDSeries_Vol6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>. <q>Strategic Air Command, denominated a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specified_command&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specified command (page does not exist)">specified command</a> because...it came under the operational control of the JCS.<sup>24</sup> ... <a href="/wiki/Clark_Clifford" title="Clark Clifford">Clifford</a> had previously appointed a group, known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_693&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project 693 (page does not exist)">Project 693</a>, to determine which programs to sacrifice when it became necessary.<sup>65</sup> ... In late July, a special committee devising scenarios for T-Day, the day hostilities in Vietnam ended, posited that, depending on timing assumptions, anywhere between 30,000 troops and a two-division corps (about 60,000 personnel) might have to remain in South Vietnam indefinitely. ... <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Manned_Strategic_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft">Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft</a> (AMSA) ... McNamara test, 25 Jan 66, House Subcte No 2, HCAS, <i>Hearing: Department of Defense Decision to Reduce the Number and Types of Manned Bombers in the Strategic Air Command</i>, 6084.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=McNamara%2C+Clifford%2C+and+theBurdens+of+Vietnam1965-1969&rft.pub=Historical+Office%2C+Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Defense&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-16-088135-0&rft.aulast=Drea&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2Fresources%2FOSDSeries_Vol6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linebacker_II" title="Operation Linebacker II">Operation Linebacker II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=O3NAAAAAIBAJ&pg=5934,942311&dq=global-shield+strategic-air-command&hl=en">"Sunday Union - Google News Archive Search"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunday+Union+-+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DO3NAAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5934%2C942311%26dq%3Dglobal-shield%2Bstrategic-air-command%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHefner2012" class="citation book cs1">Hefner, [first name tbd] (2012). <i>The Missile Next Door: The Minuteman in the American Heartland</i>. 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Stratofortress.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B52+Stratofortress+Association&rft.pub=Stratofortress.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratofortress.org%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130219012449/http://www.af.mil/information/heritage/spotlight.asp?id=123008783">"Strategic Air Command alert ends"</a>. Af.mil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.af.mil/information/heritage/spotlight.asp?id=123008783">the original</a> on 19 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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W.</a> (27 September 1991) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=20035">Address to the Nation on Reducing United States and Soviet Nuclear Weapons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816103710/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=20035">Archived</a> 16 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619101823/http://www.afgsc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123445660">"AF realigns B-1, LRS-B under Air Force Global Strike Command"</a>. 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(1 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airandspaceforces.com/article/0313sac/#:~:text=SAC's%20slogan,%20%E2%80%9CPeace%20Is%20Our,forgive%20is%20not%20SAC%20policy.%E2%80%9D">"SAC's Half Century"</a>. <i>Air & Space Forces Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Air+%26+Space+Forces+Magazine&rft.atitle=SAC%27s+Half+Century&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.aulast=Correll&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airandspaceforces.com%2Farticle%2F0313sac%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DSAC%27s%2520slogan%2C%2520%25E2%2580%259CPeace%2520Is%2520Our%2Cforgive%2520is%2520not%2520SAC%2520policy.%25E2%2580%259D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131119231653/http://www.sasmuseum.com/about-us/">"About Us"</a>. <i>Strategic Air & Space Museum</i>. sasmuseum.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sasmuseum.com/about-us/">the original</a> on 19 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Air+%26+Space+Museum&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sasmuseum.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saceliteguard.com/">SAC Elite Guard</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107034200/http://saceliteguard.com/">Archived</a> 7 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. SAC Elite Guard. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacmarc.org">"SACMARC"</a>. <i>sacmarc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sacmarc.org&rft.atitle=SACMARC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacmarc.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Polmar" title="Norman Polmar">Polmar, Norman</a>, <i>Strategic Air Command: People, Aircraft, and Missiles</i>, 2nd Edition, Nautical & Aviation Publishing, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780933852778" title="Special:BookSources/9780933852778">9780933852778</a>.<br /> Mixer, Ronald E., <i>Strategic Air Command, An Organizational History</i>, Battermix Publishing Company, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Factsheet-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Factsheet_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718071848/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=15047">"AIR FORCE GLOBAL STRIKE COMMAND (USAF)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Air Force Historical Research Agency">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a>. 17 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=15047">the original</a> on 18 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AIR+FORCE+GLOBAL+STRIKE+COMMAND+%28USAF%29&rft.pub=Air+Force+Historical+Research+Agency&rft.date=2009-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheet.asp%3Fid%3D15047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strategic-air-command.com-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-strategic-air-command.com_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategic-air-command.com_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategic-air-command.com/">"Home Page"</a>. <i>strategic-air-command.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=strategic-air-command.com&rft.atitle=Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategic-air-command.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeickert2013" class="citation web cs1">Feickert, Andrew (3 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R42077.pdf">"The Unified Command Plan and Combatant Commands: Background and Issues for Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional Research Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Unified+Command+Plan+and+Combatant+Commands%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft.aulast=Feickert&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fnatsec%2FR42077.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_United_States_Air_Force_Units_in_the_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War">Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkHerman_F._Martin1988" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Rita F.; Herman F. Martin (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-z0WKwZvA8C&pg=PP1"><i>Strategic Air Command: Unit Mission and History Summaries</i></a>. Offutt Air Force Base, Neb.: Office of the Historian, Headquarters Strategic Air Command. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19111731">19111731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategic+Air+Command%3A+Unit+Mission+and+History+Summaries&rft.place=Offutt+Air+Force+Base%2C+Neb.&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+Headquarters+Strategic+Air+Command&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19111731&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Rita+F.&rft.au=Herman+F.+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO-z0WKwZvA8C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alternatewars.com/WW3/WW3_Documents/USAF/SAC_Unit_Histories_1988/SAC_Unit_Histories_1988.htm">Text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324000334/https://www.alternatewars.com/WW3/WW3_Documents/USAF/SAC_Unit_Histories_1988/SAC_Unit_Histories_1988.htm">Archived</a> 24 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at alternatewars.com.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaile2007" class="citation book cs1">Deaile, Melvin G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R_tQDwAAQBAJ"><i>Always at War: Organizational Culture in Strategic Air Command, 1946–62</i></a>. Transforming War. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781682472484" title="Special:BookSources/9781682472484"><bdi>9781682472484</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1085029166">1085029166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Always+at+War%3A+Organizational+Culture+in+Strategic+Air+Command%2C+1946%E2%80%9362&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Md.&rft.series=Transforming+War&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1085029166&rft.isbn=9781682472484&rft.aulast=Deaile&rft.aufirst=Melvin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR_tQDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkinsGoldberg1986" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, J.C.; Goldberg, Sheldon A. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002585660"><i>The Development of the Strategic Air Command, 1946–1986: The Fortieth Anniversary History</i></a>. Office of the Historian, HQ. SAC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+the+Strategic+Air+Command%2C+1946%E2%80%931986%3A+The+Fortieth+Anniversary+History&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+HQ.+SAC&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sheldon+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F002585660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siloworld.net/DOWNLOADS/Alert%20Operations%20and%20SAC%201957-1991%20rEDUCED.pdf">Peace...Is Our Profession: Alert Operations and the Strategic Air Command, 1957–1991</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Offut Air Force Base, Neb.: Office of the Historian, Headquarters Strategic Air Command. 7 December 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825212932/http://www.siloworld.net/DOWNLOADS/Alert%20Operations%20and%20SAC%201957-1991%20rEDUCED.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Peace...Is+Our+Profession%3A+Alert+Operations+and+the+Strategic+Air+Command%2C+1957%E2%80%931991&rft.place=Offut+Air+Force+Base%2C+Neb.&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+Headquarters+Strategic+Air+Command&rft.date=1991-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siloworld.net%2FDOWNLOADS%2FAlert%2520Operations%2520and%2520SAC%25201957-1991%2520rEDUCED.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Air+Command" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Strategic_Air_Command" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External media</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Images</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KEvkvpHrLboC&dq=%22Titan+II+launching%22&pg=PA43">Image sequence for Titan II launch</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Video</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bLnnxp4Mhk">First Titan II silo launch</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.dod.dimoc.52240">High Strategy</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AirForceSpecialFilmProject416powerOfDecision">Power of Decision</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.dod.dimoc.20791">Semiannual Film Report</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AirForceSpecialFilmProject1236sacComnandPost">SAC Command Post</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.dod.dimoc.26474">The Strength of SAC</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.dod.dimoc.51341">The Global Shield</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCZfLY77v4U">Modern Marvels film</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AirForceSpecialFilmProject1236sacComnandPost/1236_pt1.mp4gov.archives.arc.2569725">Air Force Special Film Project 1236, "SAC Command Post" </a></i> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic_Air_Command" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic Air Command"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px&#124;alt=_Strategic_Air_Command_(SAC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png/23px-Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png/35px-Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png/46px-Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="618" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategic Air Command</a> (SAC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Strategic_Air_Command_bases" title="List of Strategic Air Command bases">Bases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">active<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_major_commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of major commands of the United States Air Force">MAJCOM</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States#CONUS_and_OCONUS" title="Contiguous United States">CONUS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altus_Air_Force_Base" title="Altus Air Force Base">Altus</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base" title="Andersen Air Force Base">Andersen</a> (PACAF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews Field">Andrews</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Base" title="Beale Air Force Base">Beale</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolling_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolling Field">Bolling</a> (AFDW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base" title="Cannon Air Force Base">Cannon</a> (AFSOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Cod Space Force Station">Cape Cod</a> (USSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Air_Force_Base" title="Columbus Air Force Base">Columbus</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Monthan_Air_Force_Base" title="Davis–Monthan Air Force Base">Davis-Monthan</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyess_Air_Force_Base" title="Dyess Air Force Base">Dyess</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eielson_Air_Force_Base" title="Eielson Air Force Base">Eielson</a> (PACAF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Air_Force_Base" title="Ellsworth Air Force Base">Ellsworth</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base" title="Eglin Air Force Base">Eglin</a> (AFMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren_Air_Force_Base" title="Francis E. Warren Air Force Base">F. E. Warren</a> (AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Air_Force_Base" title="Fairchild Air Force Base">Fairchild</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes Field Air National Guard Base">Forbes</a> (ANG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Air_Force_Base" title="Grand Forks Air Force Base">Grand Forks</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grissom_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Grissom Air Reserve Base">Grissom</a> (AFRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Homestead Air Reserve Base">Homestead</a> (AFRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Air National Guard Base">Lincoln</a> (ANG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Air_Force_Base" title="Little Rock Air Force Base">Little Rock</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Malmstrom Air Force Base">Malmstrom</a> (AFGSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Air_Reserve_Base" title="March Air Reserve Base">March</a> (AFRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McChord_Field" title="McChord Field">McChord</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_Air_Force_Base" title="McConnell Air Force Base">McConnell</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGuire_Air_Force_Base" title="McGuire Air Force Base">McGuire</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Base" title="Minot Air Force Base">Minot</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Air_Force_Base" title="Mountain Home Air Force Base">Mountain Home</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Nellis</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Space_Force_Base" title="Patrick Space Force Base">Patrick</a> (USSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Pease Air National Guard Base">Pease</a> (ANG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base">Rickenbacker</a> (ANG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robins_Air_Force_Base" title="Robins Air Force Base">Robins</a> (AFMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_Air_Force_Base" title="Seymour Johnson Air Force Base">Seymour Johnson</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheppard_Air_Force_Base" title="Sheppard Air Force Base">Sheppard</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridge_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Selfridge Air National Guard Base">Selfridge</a> (ANG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Air_Force_Base" title="Travis Air Force Base">Travis</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg</a> (USSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westover_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Westover Air Reserve Base">Westover</a> (AFRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteman_Air_Force_Base" title="Whiteman Air Force Base">Whiteman</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson</a> (AFMC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Alconbury" title="RAF Alconbury">RAF Alconbury</a> (USAFE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Support_Facility_Diego_Garcia" title="Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a> (USN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena</a> (PACAF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Fairford" title="RAF Fairford">RAF Fairford</a> (USAFE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Lakenheath" title="RAF Lakenheath">RAF Lakenheath</a> (USAFE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Mildenhall" title="RAF Mildenhall">RAF Mildenhall</a> (USAFE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Thule Air Base">Thule</a> (USSF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">former /<br />inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States#CONUS_and_OCONUS" title="Contiguous United States">CONUS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarillo Air Force Base">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Bergstrom Air Force Base">Bergstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biggs_Army_Airfield" title="Biggs Army Airfield">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumet_Air_Force_Station" title="Calumet Air Force Station">Calumet Air Force Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Joint_Reserve_Base_Fort_Worth" title="Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth">Carswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Air_Force_Base" title="Castle Air Force Base">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennault_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennault Air Force Base">Chennault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton-Sherman_Air_Force_Base" title="Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base">Clinton-Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Bangor Air National Guard Base">Dow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Eaker Air Force Base">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Air_Force_Base" title="Glasgow Air Force Base">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Island Army Airfield">Grand Island</a> (AAF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffiss_Air_Force_Base" title="Griffiss Air Force Base">Griffiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Army_Airfield" title="Hunter Army Airfield">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._I._Sawyer_Air_Force_Base" title="K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base">K. I. Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearney_Air_Force_Base" title="Kearney Air Force Base">Kearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincheloe_Air_Force_Base" title="Kincheloe Air Force Base">Kincheloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larson_Air_Force_Base" title="Larson Air Force Base">Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loring_Air_Force_Base" title="Loring Air Force Base">Loring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowry_Air_Force_Base" title="Lowry Air Force Base">Lowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mather_Air_Force_Base" title="Mather Air Force Base">Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCoy_Air_Force_Base" title="McCoy Air Force Base">McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_Air_Force_Base" title="Plattsburgh Air Force Base">Plattsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_Air_Force_Base" title="Presque Isle Air Force Base">Presque Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramey_Air_Force_Base" title="Ramey Air Force Base">Ramey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.I._Bong_Air_Force_Base" title="R.I. Bong Air Force Base">R.I. Bong</a> (unbuilt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schilling_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Schilling Air Force Base">Schilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stead_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Stead Air Force Base">Stead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Air Force Base">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Air_Force_Base" title="Walker Air Force Base">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base" title="Wurtsmith Air Force Base">Wurtsmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Strategic Air Command in the United Kingdom">Strategic Air Command in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bassingbourn" title="RAF Bassingbourn">RAF Bassingbourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Guerir_Air_Base" title="Ben Guerir Air Base">Ben Guerir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulhaut_Air_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulhaut Air Base (page does not exist)">Boulhaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Brize_Norton" title="RAF Brize Norton">RAF Brize Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruntingthorpe_Aerodrome" title="Bruntingthorpe Aerodrome">RAF Bruntingthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Burtonwood" title="RAF Burtonwood">RAF Burtonwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Chelveston" title="RAF Chelveston">RAF Chelveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Greenham_Common" title="RAF Greenham Common">RAF Greenham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Goose_Bay" title="CFB Goose Bay">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Harmon_Air_Force_Base" title="Ernest Harmon Air Force Base">Ernest Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_High_Wycombe" title="RAF High Wycombe">RAF High Wycombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Upper_Heyford" title="RAF Upper Heyford">RAF Upper Heyford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_Air_Base" title="Torrejón Air Base">Torrejón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Manston" title="RAF Manston">RAF Manston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%B3n_Air_Base" title="Morón Air Base">Morón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouasseur_Air_Base" title="Nouasseur Air Base">Nouasseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabat%E2%80%93Sal%C3%A9_Airport" title="Rabat–Salé Airport">Rabat-Salé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Scampton" title="RAF Scampton">RAF Scampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculthorpe_Training_Area" title="Sculthorpe Training Area">RAF Sculthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Slimane_Air_Base" title="Sidi Slimane Air Base">Sidi Slimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_South_Ruislip" title="RAF South Ruislip">RAF South Ruislip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Tapao_Royal_Thai_Navy_Airfield" title="U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield">U-Tapao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Waddington" title="RAF Waddington">RAF Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Woodbridge" title="RAF Woodbridge">RAF Woodbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Wyton" title="RAF Wyton">RAF Wyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza_Airport" title="Zaragoza Airport">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Strategic Air Command"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png/100px-Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png/150px-Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png/200px-Shield_Strategic_Air_Command.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="618" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Expeditionary_Mobility_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Air_Expeditionary_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Air Expeditionary Task Force">Sixteenth Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3d Air Division">3d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Air_Division" title="4th Air Division">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Air_Division" title="5th Air Division">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Air_Division" title="6th Air Division">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Air_Division" title="7th Air Division">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Air_Division" title="12th Air Division">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Air_Division" title="14th Air Division">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Air_Division" title="17th Air Division">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Air_Division" title="19th Air Division">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Air_Division" title="21st Air Division">21st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Air_Division" title="36th Air Division">36th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Air_Division" title="40th Air Division">40th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="42d Air Division">42d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Air_Division" title="45th Air Division">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Air_Division" title="47th Air Division">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Air_Division" title="57th Air Division">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="100th Air Refueling Wing">100th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311th_Air_Division" title="311th Air Division">311th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/801st_Air_Division" title="801st Air Division">801st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802d_Air_Division" title="802d Air Division">802d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/806th_Air_Division" title="806th Air Division">806th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/817th_Air_Division" title="817th Air Division">817th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/822d_Air_Division" title="822d Air Division">822d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/823d_Air_Division" title="823d Air Division">823d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4310th_Air_Division" title="4310th Air Division">4310th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Strategic<br />aerospace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="1st Strategic Aerospace Division">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="18th Strategic Aerospace Division">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22d_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="22d Strategic Aerospace Division">22d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/810th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="810th Strategic Aerospace Division">810th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/813th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="813th Strategic Aerospace Division">813th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/816th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="816th Strategic Aerospace Division">816th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/818th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="818th Strategic Aerospace Division">818th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/819th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="819th Strategic Aerospace Division">819th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/820th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="820th Strategic Aerospace Division">820th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/821st_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="821st Strategic Aerospace Division">821st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/825th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="825th Strategic Aerospace Division">825th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Strategic missile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Strategic_Missile_Division" title="13th Strategic Missile Division">13th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_wings" title="Strategic Air Command wings">Wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_USAF_Bomb_Wings_and_Wings_assigned_to_Strategic_Air_Command" title="List of USAF Bomb Wings and Wings assigned to Strategic Air Command">Bombardment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2d_Bomb_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="2d Bomb Wing">2d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Bomb_Wing" title="5th Bomb Wing">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Bomb_Wing" title="7th Bomb Wing">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="9th Reconnaissance Wing">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Training_Wing" title="17th Training Wing">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Airlift_Wing" title="19th Airlift Wing">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22d_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="22d Air Refueling Wing">22d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Bomb_Wing" title="28th Bomb Wing">28th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="39th Bombardment Wing">39th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="40th Bombardment Wing">40th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42d_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="42d Air Base Wing">42d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43d_Airlift_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="43d Airlift Wing">43d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Electronic_Warfare_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Electronic Warfare Group">68th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">70th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72d_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="72d Air Base Wing">72d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92d_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="92d Air Refueling Wing">92d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93d_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="93d Air Ground Operations Wing">93d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="96th Air Base Wing">96th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97th_Air_Mobility_Wing" title="97th Air Mobility Wing">97th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99th_Air_Base_Wing" title="99th Air Base Wing">99th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/303d_Aeronautical_Systems_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="303d Aeronautical Systems Wing">303d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/319th_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="319th Air Refueling Wing">319th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/320th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="320th Air Expeditionary Wing">320th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/340th_Flying_Training_Group" title="340th Flying Training Group">340th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/379th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="379th Air Expeditionary Wing">379th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/380th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="380th Air Expeditionary Wing">380th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/397th_Bombardment_Wing" title="397th Bombardment Wing">397th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="410th Air Expeditionary Wing">410th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="416th Bombardment Wing">416th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/449th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="449th Air Expeditionary Group">449th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450th_Bombardment_Wing" title="450th Bombardment Wing">450th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/454th_Bombardment_Wing" title="454th Bombardment Wing">454th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/456th_Bombardment_Wing" title="456th Bombardment Wing">456th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/461st_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="461st Bombardment Wing">461st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/465th_Bombardment_Wing" title="465th Bombardment Wing">465th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/484th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="484th Air Expeditionary Wing">484th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/494th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="494th Bombardment Wing">494th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/509th_Bomb_Wing" title="509th Bomb Wing">509th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_USAF_Fighter_Wings_assigned_to_Strategic_Air_Command" title="List of USAF Fighter Wings assigned to Strategic Air Command">Fighter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Wing" title="1st Fighter Wing">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Wing" title="4th Fighter Wing">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="12th Flying Training Wing">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="27th Special Operations Wing">27th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Fighter_Wing" title="31st Fighter Wing">31st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="33d Fighter Wing">33d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Fighter_Wing" title="56th Fighter Wing">56th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Flying_Training_Wing" title="71st Flying Training Wing">71st Strategic Reconnaissance (Fighter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82d_Training_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="82d Training Wing">82d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="407th Air Expeditionary Group">407th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/506th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="506th Air Expeditionary Group">506th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/508th_Aerospace_Sustainment_Wing" title="508th Aerospace Sustainment Wing">508th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missile_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of missile wings of the United States Air Force">Missile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/44th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Strategic Missile Wing">44th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Missile_Wing" title="90th Missile Wing">90th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Missile_Wing" title="91st Missile Wing">91st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/308th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="308th Strategic Missile Wing">308th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/321st_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="321st Strategic Missile Wing">321st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/341st_Missile_Wing" title="341st Missile Wing">341st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/351st_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="351st Strategic Missile Wing">351st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/381st_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="381st Strategic Missile Wing">381st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/389th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" title="389th Strategic Missile Wing">389th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/390th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" title="390th Strategic Missile Wing">390th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/392d_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="392d Strategic Missile Wing">392d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/451st_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="451st Strategic Missile Wing">451st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="455th Air Expeditionary Wing">455th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/702d_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="702d Strategic Missile Wing">702d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/703d_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="703d Strategic Missile Wing">703d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="404th Air Expeditionary Group">704th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/705th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" title="705th Strategic Missile Wing">705th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/706th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="706th Strategic Missile Wing">706th</a></li> <li>4320th Strategic Wing (Missile)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_Air_Mobility_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Air Mobility Wing">6th Strategic Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">26th Strategic Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Wing" title="55th Wing">55th Strategic Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/544th_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Group" title="544th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group">544th Aerospace Reconnaissance Technical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_air_refueling_wings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Air Force air refueling wings">Refueling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Air Refueling Wing">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="100th Air Refueling Wing">100th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/301st_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="301st Air Refueling Wing">301st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/305th_Air_Mobility_Wing" title="305th Air Mobility Wing">305th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/384th_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="384th Air Refueling Wing">384th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/452d_Air_Mobility_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="452d Air Mobility Wing">452d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/497th_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="497th Air Refueling Wing">497th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/499th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="499th Air Refueling Wing">499th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500th_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="500th Air Refueling Wing">500th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_USAF_Strategic_Wings_assigned_to_the_Strategic_Air_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USAF Strategic Wings assigned to the Strategic Air Command">Strategic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Aerospace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/310th_Space_Wing" title="310th Space Wing">310th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/385th_Strategic_Aerospace_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="385th Strategic Aerospace Wing">385th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/462d_Strategic_Aerospace_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="462d Strategic Aerospace Wing">462d</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">AFCON</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/95th_Air_Base_Wing" title="95th Air Base Wing">95th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Range_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="98th Range Wing">98th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/306th_Strategic_Wing" title="306th Strategic Wing">306th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/307th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="307th Strategic Wing">307th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/376th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="376th Air Expeditionary Wing">376th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_MAJCOM_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of MAJCOM wings of the United States Air Force">MAJCOM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3918th_Strategic_Wing" title="3918th Strategic Wing">3918th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3920th_Strategic_Wing" title="3920th Strategic Wing">3920th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43d_Airlift_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="43d Airlift Wing">3960th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3970th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="3970th Strategic Wing">3970th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3973d_Strategic_Wing" title="3973d Strategic Wing">3973d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4026th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4026th Strategic Wing">4026th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4038th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4038th Strategic Wing">4038th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4039th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4039th Strategic Wing">4039th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4042d_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4042d Strategic Wing">4042d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4043d_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4043d Strategic Wing">4043d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4047th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4047th Strategic Wing">4047th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="100th Air Refueling Wing">4080th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4081st_Strategic_Wing" title="4081st Strategic Wing">4081st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4082d_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4082d Strategic Wing">4082d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4083d_Strategic_Wing" title="4083d Strategic Wing">4083d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4123d_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4123d Strategic Wing">4123d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4126th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4126th Strategic Wing">4126th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4138th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4138th Strategic Wing">4128th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4130th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4130th Strategic Wing">4130th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4133rd_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4133rd Strategic Wing">4133d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4134th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4134th Strategic Wing">4134th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4135th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4135th Strategic Wing">4135th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4136th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4136th Strategic Wing">4136th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4137th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4137th Strategic Wing">4137th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4138th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4138th Strategic Wing">4138th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4141st_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4141st Strategic Wing">4141st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4157th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4157th Strategic Wing">4157th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4158th_Strategic_Wing" title="4158th Strategic Wing">4158th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4170th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4170th Strategic Wing">4170th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4228th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4228th Strategic Wing">4228th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4238th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4238th Strategic Wing">4238th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4239th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4239th Strategic Wing">4239th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4241st_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4241st Strategic Wing">4241st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4245th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4245th Strategic Wing">4245th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/376th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="376th Strategic Wing">4252nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4258th_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4258th Strategic Wing">4258th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4321st_Strategic_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4321st Strategic Wing">4321st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">USAAF<br />Groups<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><big>*</big>= initial assigned<br />unit upon SAC's<br />activation</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="2d Operations Group">2d</a> (7/47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Operations_Group" title="7th Operations Group">7th</a> (10/46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Operations_Group" title="28th Operations Group">28th</a> (8/46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="40th Air Expeditionary Wing">40th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="43rd Operations Group">43rd</a> (10/46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Operations Group">44th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Operations_Group" title="92nd Operations Group">92nd</a> (10/46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/93d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="93d Operations Group">93d</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/97th_Operations_Group" title="97th Operations Group">97th</a> (8/46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Operations_Group" title="98th Operations Group">98th</a> (7/47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/301st_Operations_Group" title="301st Operations Group">301st</a> (8/46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/307th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="307th Bombardment Group">307th</a> (8/46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/444th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="444th Bombardment Group">444th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/448th_Fighter-Bomber_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="448th Fighter-Bomber Group">448th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/449th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="449th Air Expeditionary Group">449th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/467th_Bombardment_Group" title="467th Bombardment Group">467th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/485th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="485th Air Expeditionary Wing">485th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/498th_Tactical_Missile_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="498th Tactical Missile Group">498th</a> (3/46*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/509th_Composite_Group" title="509th Composite Group">509th Composite</a> (3/46*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Group" title="27th Special Operations Group">27th</a> (6/47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Operations_Group" title="55th Operations Group">55th</a> (2/47)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/91st_Operations_Group" title="91st Operations Group">91st Strategic Reconnaissance</a> (1/47)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Equipment_of_Strategic_Air_Command" title="Equipment of Strategic Air Command">Major<br />weapon<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bomber_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomber aircraft">Bombers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">Rockwell B-1 Lancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit">Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker" title="Convair B-36 Peacemaker">Convair B-36 Peacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">North American B-45 Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">Boeing B-47 Stratojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">Boeing B-50 Superfortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">Convair B-58 Hustler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command<br />& Control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_DC-130" title="Lockheed DC-130">Lockheed DC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-4" title="Boeing E-4">Boeing E-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">Boeing EC-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_RC-135" title="Boeing RC-135">Boeing RC-135</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American F-2 Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">North American F-82 Twin Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">Republic F-84F Thunderstreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">North American F-86 Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">Convair F-102 Delta Dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">ADM-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">AGM-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-69_SRAM" title="AGM-69 SRAM">AGM-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-84_Harpoon" class="mw-redirect" title="AGM-84 Harpoon">AGM-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-86_ALCM" title="AGM-86 ALCM">AGM-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-129_ACM" title="AGM-129 ACM">AGM-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">HGM-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">LGM-30A/B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">LGM-30F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">LGM-30G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">LGM-118A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-62_Snark" title="SM-62 Snark">SM-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">PGM-17A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">PGM-19A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2#U-2R/S_details" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed TR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_RB-57D_Canberra" title="Martin RB-57D Canberra">Martin RB-57D Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing RB-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing RB-29</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">Tankers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KB-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing KB-29 Superfortress">Boeing KB-29 Superfortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">Boeing KB-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KC-10_Extender" title="McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender">McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_HC-130" title="Lockheed HC-130">Lockheed HC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_KC-130" title="Lockheed Martin KC-130">Lockheed Martin KC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">Beechcraft C-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas C-47 Skytrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">Douglas C-54 Skymaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-82_Packet" title="Fairchild C-82 Packet">Fairchild C-82 Packet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter">Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">Douglas C-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-119_Flying_Boxcar" title="Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar">Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-124_Globemaster_II" title="Douglas C-124 Globemaster II">Douglas C-124 Globemaster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_C-131_Samaritan" title="Convair C-131 Samaritan">Convair C-131 Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-135_Stratolifter" title="Boeing C-135 Stratolifter">Boeing C-135 Stratolifter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Strategic_Air_Command" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command">Commanders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Kenney" title="George Kenney">George Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Power" title="Thomas S. Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dale_Ryan" title="John Dale Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Nazzaro" title="Joseph J. Nazzaro">Joseph J. Nazzaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_K._Holloway" title="Bruce K. Holloway">Bruce K. Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Meyer" title="John C. Meyer">John C. Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_E._Dougherty" title="Russell E. Dougherty">Russell E. Dougherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Ellis" title="Richard H. Ellis">Richard H. Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennie_L._Davis" title="Bennie L. Davis">Bennie L. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_D._Welch" title="Larry D. Welch">Larry D. Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_T._Chain,_Jr,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John T. Chain, Jr, (page does not exist)">John T. Chain, Jr,</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lee_Butler" title="George Lee Butler">George Lee Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Emblems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command_Emblems" class="extiw" title="commons:Strategic Air Command Emblems">Strategic Air Command Emblem Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="United States military aircraft designation systems">United States military aircraft designation systems</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Air_Force" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template talk:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Air_Force" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">Under Secretary of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Staff_(United_States)" title="Air Staff (United States)">Air Staff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Director of Staff of the United States Air Force">Director of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Master_Sergeant_of_the_Air_Force" title="Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force">Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Air Force four-star generals">Four-star generals</a></li> <li>Three-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Air_Force_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Air Force before 1960">1940–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Airland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/80px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/120px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/160px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Structure of the United States Air Force">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Field_Operating_Agencies" title="List of United States Air Force Field Operating Agencies">Field Operating Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_installations" title="List of United States Air Force installations">Installations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct Reporting Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_District_of_Washington" title="Air Force District of Washington">District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">USAF Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of major commands of the United States Air Force">Major commands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">ACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">AETC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">AFGSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">AFMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Special_Operations_Command" title="Air Force Special Operations Command">AFSOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">AMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">PACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">USAFE–AFAFRICA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Numbered Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Expeditionary_Air_Force" title="Thirteenth Expeditionary Air Force">Thirteenth Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Air_Force" title="Eighteenth Air Force">Eighteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force" title="Nineteenth Air Force">Nineteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Second_Air_Force" title="Twenty-Second Air Force">Twenty-Second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of wings of the United States Air Force">Wings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Groups" title="List of United States Air Force Groups">Groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force squadrons">Squadrons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_National_Guard_Squadrons" title="List of United States Air National Guard Squadrons">ANG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force Security Forces squadrons">Security Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces#Civilian_auxiliaries_distinguished" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Civilian auxiliary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and<br /> training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_personnel" title="List of United States Air Force personnel">Personnel</a></li> <li>Rank <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Cadet_Insignia" title="United States Air Force Academy Cadet Insignia">cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">enlisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating" title="U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating">Aeronautical ratings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Engineer_Deployable_Heavy_Operational_Repair_Squadron_Engineers" title="Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers">RED HORSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Medical_Service" title="United States Air Force Medical Service">Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientist_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force">Chief Scientist</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Training: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">Officer Training School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">Reserve Officer Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman_Leadership_School" title="Airman Leadership School">Airman Leadership School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival,_Evasion,_Resistance_and_Escape" title="Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape">SERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Fitness_Assessment" title="United States Air Force Fitness Assessment">Fitness Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and<br /> equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Aircraft_inventory" title="United States Air Force">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and<br /> traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section</a> / <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Military_Aeronautics" title="Division of Military Aeronautics">Division of Military Aeronautics</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_U.S._Air_Force_(song)" title="The U.S. Air Force (song)">The U.S. Air Force</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Band" title="United States Air Force Band">Air Force Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">Airman's Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Core_missions" title="United States Air Force">Core Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Symbol" title="United States Air Force Symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Memorial" title="United States Air Force Memorial">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Airforce_Service_Pilots" title="Women Airforce Service Pilots">Women Airforce Service Pilots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> / <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Two" title="Air Force Two">Air Force Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Honor_Guard" title="United States Air Force Honor Guard">Honor Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Thunderbirds" title="United States Air Force Thunderbirds">Thunderbirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space_Forces_Association" title="Air & Space Forces Association">Air & Space Forces Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:United States Air Force">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&oldid=1257392536">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Air_Command&oldid=1257392536</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Strategic_Air_Command" title="Category:Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1946_establishments_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:1946 establishments in Washington, D.C.">1946 establishments in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1992_disestablishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1992 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