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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="padding-bottom:2px; padding-top:2px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:0; padding-bottom:1px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson"><img alt="Mary Robinson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mary_Robinson%2C_May_1995_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mary_Robinson%2C_May_1995_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mary_Robinson%2C_May_1995_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mary_Robinson%2C_May_1995_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mary_Robinson%2C_May_1995_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mary_Robinson%2C_May_1995_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="867" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:2px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><span style="font-size:120%">Presidency of Mary Robinson</span></b></span><br />9 November 1990 – 12 September 1997</td></tr><tr><th><div align="left"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></div></th><td><div>Mary Robinson</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Election</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:1px;"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Mary_McAleese" title="Presidency of Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a> →</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <hr class="nomobile" style="background:#eee; height:5px; clear:both; margin:0 0 8px;" /> <div class="center"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:6px 0 2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_Ireland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Seal_of_the_President_of_Ireland.png/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Ireland.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Seal_of_the_President_of_Ireland.png/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Ireland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Seal_of_the_President_of_Ireland.png/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Ireland.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="391" /></a></span></div><br /><div style="line-height:normal; min-height:1px; padding-bottom:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_Ireland" title="Seal of the president of Ireland">Seal of the president of Ireland</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a> between 1990 and 1997. Ireland's first female president, Robinson was exceptionally popular in her role, becoming the most popular president in Irish history. Prior to her election, Robinson served <a href="/wiki/Seanad_career_of_Mary_Robinson" title="Seanad career of Mary Robinson">seven terms as a senator</a>, and concurrent with her time in <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a></span></span> she <a href="/wiki/Legal_career_of_Mary_Robinson" title="Legal career of Mary Robinson">worked as a lawyer</a> and an academic. Robinson resigned the presidency early to take up the position of High Commissioner of Human Rights with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. </p><p>Following a 20-year-long career in the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Seanad</i></span>, Robinson was elected to the presidency following one of the most controversial elections in the history of the Irish state. Robinson was largely seen as an underdog at the offset of the election, and her victory is often credited to major political gaffes made by the favourite to win the race, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan</a>, and his election team. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 July 1989 Robinson retired from the <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;">Seanad</span></span> as she wished to focus her attention on the Irish Centre for European Law which she had founded alongside her husband at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan1993160_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan1993160-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One year after her retirement from the <i>Seanad</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> approached her about running for president in that year's election. Initially, Robinson believed she was being asked her legal advice about the type of policy programme <a href="/wiki/Dick_Spring" title="Dick Spring">Dick Spring</a>, the party leader, was proposing. As she read the briefing notes, however, she began to realise that the programme was aimed at her. After some consideration, she agreed to become the first Labour nominee for the presidency and the first woman candidate in what was only the second presidential election to be contested by three candidates since 1945.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Despite the Irish constitution stating that presidential elections are to be held every seven years, in practice four presidents have been elected by consent, and the 1990 election the first presidential election held in 17 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999250_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999250-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_campaign">Election campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990 Irish presidential election</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990 presidential campaign</a> has been described as "highly controversial",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999251_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999251-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "the dirtiest of all" in Irish electoral history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegan2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegan2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson was not only the first female candidate to ever contest the office, she was also, at 46 years of age, the youngest candidate to ever contest it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999251_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999251-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were three candidates for the office: Brian Lenihan, <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil's</a> candidate, <a href="/wiki/Austin_Currie" title="Austin Currie">Austin Currie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael's</a> candidate, and Robinson, who was <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour's</a> candidate, despite no longer being officially affiliated with the party. </p><p>For the majority of the campaign, it was widely expected that Lenihan would handily win the election. In the last two weeks of the election, however, Lenihan's campaign was mired in controversy, which ultimately tipped the balance in favour of Robinson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 October 1990, <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> appeared on the <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a> show <i><a href="/wiki/Questions_and_Answers_(TV_programme)" title="Questions and Answers (TV programme)">Questions & Answers</a></i>, and accused Lenihan of making inappropriate phone calls to ex-president <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a>, in an attempt to persuade the president to invite <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> to form a government without calling a general election. Lenihan repeatedly denied that he had made such a phone call, but on 25 October <a href="/wiki/Jim_Duffy_(journalist)" title="Jim Duffy (journalist)">Jim Duffy</a> released a recording in which Lenihan confirmed that he had in fact made the call.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lenihan went on to state that "<a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr#"On_mature_recollection"" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">on mature recollection</a>" he had not made the call, a statement which was widely disbelieved and which has since become a euphemism in Ireland for someone changing their story after being proven to be lying.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Clery1999_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Clery1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Support for Lenihan plunged, with polls showing a decrease from an expected 52% of first-preference-votes to 33%, while Robinson's support increased from 31% of first-preference-votes to 51%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One week from the election, a second scandal resulted in backlash against the Lenihan campaign, particularly amongst women. <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_Flynn" title="Pádraig Flynn">Pádraig Flynn</a>, then a Fianna Fáil cabinet minister, appeared on the radio programme <i>Saturday View</i>, and delivered a sexist diatribe against Robinson, despite attempts from other panelists to silence him. Among other things, he criticised Robinson for having a "newfound interest in her family",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as claiming that she "has to have new clothes and her new look and her new hairdo and she has the new interest in family, being a mother and all that kind of thing. But you know, none of us who knew Mary Robinson very well in previous incarnations ever heard her claiming to be a great wife and mother."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997141_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997141-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the election on 9 November,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuohy1990_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuohy1990-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lenihan won the largest share of first-preference-votes, with 44.1%, and Robinson was in second position with 38.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997144_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997144-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson, however, secured 76.7% of Currie's transfer votes, the result being that Robinson won the presidency with a final share of 52.8% of the vote to Lenihan's 47.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997144_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997144-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson was inaugurated as president on 3 December 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_in_office">Time in office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Time in office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in-2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in-2011.jpg/220px-%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in-2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in-2011.jpg/330px-%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in-2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in-2011.jpg/440px-%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in-2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in" title="Áras an Uachtaráin">Áras an Uachtaráin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Upon election, Robinson became the first female president, as well as the first president elected who was not backed by Fianna Fáil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuinn1997_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuinn1997-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson's presidency was characterised by support for Irish emigrants and the Irish diaspora,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999267-268_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999267-268-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and concern for human rights globally. </p><p>In 1973, the presidential representation allowance had been set by law at <a href="/wiki/Irish_pound" title="Irish pound">IR£</a>15,000. This had not been changed in the interim, despite significant inflation — if it had followed inflation, the allowance would have increased to £86,000 by the time of Robinson's election. In February 1991, the government put forward legislation to increase the allowance to £100,000, and to provide for further increases in future. This provided the members of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> a rare chance to discuss the president, as there is a constitutional convention prohibiting discussion of the presidency in the chamber. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Ceann_Comhairle" title="Ceann Comhairle">Ceann Comhairle</a> having to repeatedly caution <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachtaí Dála</a> for discussing the "personality, personality, or characteristics" of Robinson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997167_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997167-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robinson's first controversy while in office surrounded the dismissal of eight members of her household staff at <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in" title="Áras an Uachtaráin">Áras an Uachtaráin</a>, who were dubbed "The Áras Eight" by the media.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997168_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997168-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> News of the dismissals were leaked to the press Christmas week of 1990, and the ensuing publicity proved to be a point of embarrassment for Robinson,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheehan1998_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheehan1998-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who during her time in the <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;">Seanad</span></span> had been a member of several trade unions and the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1991, Robinson was invited by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> to deliver the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Dimbleby_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimbleby Lecture">Dimbleby lecture</a> in 1991. The Irish government, however, have the power to prevent the president from making public statements, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey's</a> government refused to permit Robinson to travel to the UK to deliver the lecture.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson was to be speaking on the position of women and the family in Ireland. Wary of Robinson's position as a feminist and human rights layer, the government prevented her leaving as they wished to avoid the negative publicity that they believed would arise from a speech they believed would be highly critical of the Irish state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999260-261_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999260-261-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her time as a barrister and a senator, Robinson was known for fighting for the civil rights of Irish people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As president, she became known for her efforts to promote <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> on a global scale.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1992, she traveled to <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> and a <a href="/wiki/1992_famine_in_Somalia" title="1992 famine in Somalia">resulting famine</a>, becoming the first Irish head of state to visit the country, as well as the first head of state of any nation to visit the country following the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Somalis had been described by their British colonisers as "the Irish of Africa", and by the time of Robinson's visit, many Irish relief agencies were based in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the last day of her visit, Robinson delivered an emotional speech in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, in which her voice repeatedly cracked and she was visibly upset. Reflecting on what she had seen in the country, Robinson stated that "I find that I cannot be entirely calm speaking to you because I have such a sense of what the world must take responsibility for."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997189_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997189-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her diary, she reflected that she had been "hit by a wall of frustration, of emotion and of anger" when she attempted to communicate what she had encountered in Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997189_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997189-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She travelled from Nairobi to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, in order to make a report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations — not something which had been requested of her, but something she took upon herself to do.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997189_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997189-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following her visit, Robinson released a book, <i>A Voice for Somalia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, Robinson was again prevented from leaving the country by a Fianna Fáil government, this time by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynold's</a> government. Robinson had been invited by the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> to co-chair a committee with the stated aim of advising on reform of the UN, on the approach to its 50th anniversary. It emerged that the government were not making the case that there was a constitutional ban on Robinson's appointment, but that they had taken the decision to veto her appointment as a matter of policy, provoking criticism from the media.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999267-268_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999267-268-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 27, 1993, Robinson became the first Irish president to visit the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in an official capacity, when she met with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999266_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999266-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson had previously met <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip</a> in 1991, when she received permission from Haughey to travel to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> to accept an honorary degree, where Philip was then the chancellor. Reportedly, Haughey only realised that the prince was the university's chancellor after he had already granted Robinson permission to travel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiggins2016_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiggins2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several weeks later, on 18 June, Robinson controversially met with <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></span></span> president <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Belfast_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Belfast West (UK Parliament constituency)">West Belfast</a> constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997176_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997176-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhoenix2018_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhoenix2018-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, Robinson was the first head of state to visit <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robinson issued her resignation as president in a message to the <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ceann_Comhairle" title="Ceann Comhairle">Ceann Comhairle</a></span></span> of the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Dáil</i></span>, taking effect on 12 September 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government stated that her resignation "was not unexpected" and wished her "every success".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson resigned to take up appointment as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon her resignation as president, the role of President of Ireland was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_(Ireland)" title="Presidential Commission (Ireland)">Presidential Commission</a> (which comprised the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Ireland" title="Chief Justice of Ireland">Chief Justice of Ireland</a>, the <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;">Ceann Comhairle</span></span> of <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;">Dáil Éireann</span></span> and the <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cathaoirleach" title="Cathaoirleach">Cathaoirleach</a></span></span> of <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;">Seanad Éireann</span></span>) from 12 September to 11 November 1997, when the new president <a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a> was sworn in.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite leaving office with just three months remaining in her presidency, Robinson later expressed regret at her early departure, indicating she could have postponed her acceptance of High Commissioner's office.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the uncontroversial nature of the role, Irish presidents tend be far more popular than any other Irish politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeard2013_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeard2013-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, Robinson was exceptionally popular even amongst other presidents,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999271_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999271-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her popularity ratings stabilised at a level higher than those of any of her predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already well known both locally and internationally (in a compendium of Irish women released in 1988, Robinson was described as "Ireland's best known woman politician"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrady1988154_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrady1988154-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was in her role as president that Robinson became one of Ireland's most popular politicians. In 1993, a major MRBI survey found that two out of every three Irish women surveyed spontaneously (i.e. without being prompted a list of candidates to choose from) stated that Robinson was the woman they most admired.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997172_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997172-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regularly polling approval ratings above 90%,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approval of President Robinson peaked at 93% among the Irish public.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeard2013_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeard2013-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robinson is credited with having had a transformative effect on the role of president, a role which up until her tenure had been seen largely as a purely symbolic office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson is credited with "paving the way" for her successor, Mary McAleese, who became the first woman to succeed another woman as an elected head of state anywhere on earth.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The power of the government to prevent the president leaving the country is enshrined in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#article12_9">Article 12.9</a> of the Irish constitution, which states that "the President shall not leave the State [...] save with the consent of the Government". Moreover, though Articles <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en#article13_7_1">13.7.1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en#article13_7_2">13.7.2</a> permit the president to address either house of the Oireachtas on any matter of national or public importance, and further to "address a message to the Nation at any time and on any such matter", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en#article13_7_3">Article 13.7.3</a> qualifies that provision by stating that "every such message or address must, however, have received the approval of the Government".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan1993160-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan1993160_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Sullivan1993">O'Sullivan 1993</a>, p. 160.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Sullivan1993 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999250-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999250_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBresnihan1999">Bresnihan 1999</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999251-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999251_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999251_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBresnihan1999">Bresnihan 1999</a>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegan2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegan2011_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegan2011">Regan 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999253_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBresnihan1999">Bresnihan 1999</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Clery1999-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Clery1999_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Clery1999">O'Clery 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstalk.com/news/all-the-presidents-man-how-a-student-journalists-tape-recorder-denied-brian-lenihan-his-place-in-ras-an-uachtarin-633201">"All the President's man: How a scandal surrounding a student interview kept Brian Lenihan out of the Áras"</a>. <i>Newstalk</i>. 23 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newstalk&rft.atitle=All+the+President%27s+man%3A+How+a+scandal+surrounding+a+student+interview+kept+Brian+Lenihan+out+of+the+%C3%81ras&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalk.com%2Fnews%2Fall-the-presidents-man-how-a-student-journalists-tape-recorder-denied-brian-lenihan-his-place-in-ras-an-uachtarin-633201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997141-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997141_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorgan1997">Horgan 1997</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuohy1990-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuohy1990_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuohy1990">Tuohy 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997144-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997144_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997144_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorgan1997">Horgan 1997</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.ie/index.php/en/the-president/mary-robinson">"The President Mary Robinson"</a>. <i>Office of the President of Ireland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+President+of+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+President+Mary+Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.ie%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fthe-president%2Fmary-robinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuinn1997-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuinn1997_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuinn1997">Quinn 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999267-268-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999267-268_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999267-268_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan1999">Morgan 1999</a>, p. 267-268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997167-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997167_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorgan1997">Horgan 1997</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997168-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997168_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorgan1997">Horgan 1997</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheehan1998-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheehan1998_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheehan1998">Sheehan 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999260-261-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999260-261_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan1999">Morgan 1999</a>, p. 260-261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997188_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorgan1997">Horgan 1997</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh" class="citation web cs1">Marsh, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Robinson">"Mary Robinson | Biography & Facts"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houses+of+the+Oireachtas&rft.atitle=Message+from+President+%E2%80%93+D%C3%A1il+%C3%89ireann+%2828th+D%C3%A1il%29&rft.date=1997-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fen%2Fdebates%2Fdebate%2Fdail%2F1997-09-30%2F12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130702090938/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/News/Archives/1997/Government_Press_Releases_1997/Statement_by_the_Taoiseach_on_forthcoming_resignation_of_President_Mary_Robinson_.html">"Statement by the Taoiseach on forthcoming resignation of President Ma…"</a>. 2 July 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.ie/en/the-president/mary-robinson">the original</a> on 30 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=President.ie&rft.atitle=The+President+Mary+Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.ie%2Fen%2Fthe-president%2Fmary-robinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/mary-robinson-bullied-into-leaving-presidency-early-1.2970898">"Mary Robinson 'bullied' into leaving presidency early"</a>. 21 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Robinson+%E2%80%98bullied%E2%80%99+into+leaving+presidency+early&rft.date=2023-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fireland%2Firish-news%2Fmary-robinson-bullied-into-leaving-presidency-early-1.2970898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeard2013-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeard2013_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeard2013_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeard2013">Beard 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999271-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1999271_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan1999">Morgan 1999</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBresnihan1999256_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBresnihan1999">Bresnihan 1999</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrady1988154-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrady1988154_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrady1988">Brady 1988</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997172-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorgan1997172_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorgan1997">Horgan 1997</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403075437/http://www.au.dk/en/the_irish_presidency/biography/">"Biography – Mary McAleese"</a>. <i>Aarhus University</i>. 3 October 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89&rft.atitle=5th+and+6th+Class%3A+Visual+Arts&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Flearn%2F2020%2F0429%2F1135516-5th-and-6th-class-visual-arts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeard2013" class="citation news cs1">Beard, Alison (1 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/2013/03/mary-robinson">"Mary Robinson"</a>. <i>Harvard Business Review</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8012">0017-8012</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.atitle=Mary+Robinson&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.issn=0017-8012&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbr.org%2F2013%2F03%2Fmary-robinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady1988" class="citation book cs1">Brady, Anna (1988). "814". <i>Women in Ireland: An Annotated Bibliography</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-24486-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-24486-3"><bdi>0-313-24486-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0742-6941">0742-6941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=814&rft.btitle=Women+in+Ireland%3A+An+Annotated+Bibliography&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0742-6941&rft.isbn=0-313-24486-3&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBresnihan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Bresnihan, Valerie (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551986">"The Symbolic Power of Ireland's President Robinson"</a>. <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 250–262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1741-5705.00031">10.1111/1741-5705.00031</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551986">27551986</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Symbolic+Power+of+Ireland%27s+President+Robinson&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=250-262&rft.date=1999-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1741-5705.00031&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27551986%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bresnihan&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27551986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorgan1997" class="citation book cs1">Horgan, John (1997). <i>Mary Robinson: An Independent Voice</i>. Dublin, Ireland: The O'Brien Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86278-540-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86278-540-5"><bdi>0-86278-540-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Robinson%3A+An+Independent+Voice&rft.place=Dublin%2C+Ireland&rft.pub=The+O%27Brien+Press+Ltd.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-86278-540-5&rft.aulast=Horgan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Clery1999" class="citation news cs1">O'Clery, Conor (16 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/whatever-you-say-on-mature-recollection-say-nothing-1.239670">"Whatever you say, on mature recollection, say nothing"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Whatever+you+say%2C+on+mature+recollection%2C+say+nothing&rft.date=1999-10-16&rft.aulast=O%27Clery&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fwhatever-you-say-on-mature-recollection-say-nothing-1.239670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, David Gwynn (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44026473">"Mary Robinson's Presidency: Relations With The Government"</a>. <i>Irish Jurist</i>. <b>34</b>: 256–275. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44026473">44026473</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Jurist&rft.atitle=Mary+Robinson%27s+Presidency%3A+Relations+With+The+Government&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=256-275&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44026473%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=David+Gwynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44026473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhoenix2018" class="citation news cs1">Phoenix, Éamon (31 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/state-papers-mary-robinson-gerry-adams-handshake-angered-ni-office-1.3739536">"State papers: Mary Robinson-Gerry Adams handshake angered NI office"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=State+papers%3A+Mary+Robinson-Gerry+Adams+handshake+angered+NI+office&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.aulast=Phoenix&rft.aufirst=%C3%89amon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fstate-papers-mary-robinson-gerry-adams-handshake-angered-ni-office-1.3739536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn1997" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Máire Geoghegan (13 March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/a-magical-affinity-with-the-times-1.51827">"A magical affinity with the times"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=A+magical+affinity+with+the+times&rft.date=1997-03-13&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1ire+Geoghegan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fa-magical-affinity-with-the-times-1.51827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegan2011" class="citation news cs1">Regan, Mary (3 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20163031.html">"Presidency race is no walk in the park"</a>. <i>The Irish Examiner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Presidency+race+is+no+walk+in+the+park&rft.date=2011-08-03&rft.aulast=Regan&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-20163031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1998" class="citation news cs1">Sheehan, Aideen (3 December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/cj-haughey-used-staff-row-to-get-at-robinson-26164357.html">"CJ Haughey 'used staff row' to get at Robinson"</a>. <i>The Irish Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=CJ+Haughey+%27used+staff+row%27+to+get+at+Robinson&rft.date=1998-12-03&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Aideen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Fcj-haughey-used-staff-row-to-get-at-robinson-26164357.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiggins2016" class="citation news cs1">Siggins, Ger (22 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30505415.html">"Flashback 1993: The first Irish head of state meeting with a British monarch"</a>. <i>The Irish Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Flashback+1993%3A+The+first+Irish+head+of+state+meeting+with+a+British+monarch&rft.date=2016-05-22&rft.aulast=Siggins&rft.aufirst=Ger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-30505415.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuohy1990" class="citation news cs1">Tuohy, William (11 November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-11-11-mn-6255-story.html">"Elections: Robinson is a feminist and a political outsider, and she's sympathetic to Protestants. Voters chose her anyway"</a>. <i>The LA Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+LA+Times&rft.atitle=Elections%3A+Robinson+is+a+feminist+and+a+political+outsider%2C+and+she%27s+sympathetic+to+Protestants.+Voters+chose+her+anyway.&rft.date=1990-11-11&rft.aulast=Tuohy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-11-11-mn-6255-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Mary+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAeMGb4T1VI&ab_channel=ConcernWorldwide">Video of Robinson's speech in Nairobi in 1992, following her departure from Somalia.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/0825/811897-president-robinson-meets-gerry-adams/">Video of Robinson's controversial handshake with Gerry Adams in 1993 (incorrectly dated as being in 1996)</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&oldid=1261614498">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Mary_Robinson&oldid=1261614498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_establishments_in_Ireland" title="Category:1990 establishments in Ireland">1990 establishments in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1997_disestablishments_in_Ireland" title="Category:1997 disestablishments in Ireland">1997 disestablishments in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_Ireland" title="Category:1990s in Ireland">1990s in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_Irish_politics" title="Category:1990s in Irish politics">1990s in Irish politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_Ireland" title="Category:Presidencies of Ireland">Presidencies of Ireland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Irish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Irish-language text">Articles containing Irish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 December 2024, at 00:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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