CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91361c9368a1f8d0',cH: 'hQRdV7u_4fxaIfzvi9q_ZNLhaiKmZCb5KYv4HlSjG5A-1739798812-1.2.1.1-XZTsOT6wGsfGmAUMvcHPeLnWll_RwoUBlyFecQ3VmU4xO6_qtdPHhlD21LnfbgXS',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=functional%20outcome&__cf_chl_tk=Olli1vaUJCd_GAY6HKQkGEIdLMTnUDC2_bwUdyzjho8-1739798812-1.0.1.1-g3aq8Jw2Vlemyr8yJIFmxg54ZWu.6NpO3E0n3G69ZGg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739798812',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=functional%20outcome&__cf_chl_f_tk=Olli1vaUJCd_GAY6HKQkGEIdLMTnUDC2_bwUdyzjho8-1739798812-1.0.1.1-g3aq8Jw2Vlemyr8yJIFmxg54ZWu.6NpO3E0n3G69ZGg",md: "W23Ir_ghAvGqsvcP53xg9LWRU6DRYBwV_pk4O5tGCIY-1739798812-1.2.1.1-rAudarJ7C__svuj2WGqX28ofmZPDycV9WIKYcyGMLGZGXS7YCFVyPfvn4XxF5F8N0oU9bz58W2TCcA2M7gOMAbZX6ImRVYthLD13s2pXVmd1yru_NqpLWfMVUoKdPPrv1A_OHQwX9JVc9GFnIPLijj52H4Uquaw_Y7F1j1fa4fLe8i5bmRumsIQy0.hv2JF7VzfYBdsgWtVZfVrY0PoIdv25ljJBsLX0fpnuximee4RFH.PSChqS_OsIp9KzWfrufs35Lb8PaKW2Aw9i_99eibjW8XP1f3PFm.AE7qiNAjKX.1JxvYZcOkTxQbIh5xRdpGv4XQN.Jz9Qk9wqOJmm6Hopl5Oqy5KmW.0lG9FEVnqoXgOX.lVBB4MYFD6p88H_YQ.TcvtOYXy5mdHJfZ4nUBX8OM2rEZNQ7aFOaGsR3qevbxy_iqMQi1mHwR3JPk3MAarX1mSJxEXjZJuAEK0VE3XVztk1ird7zN3agUpG.QDofNCKdWrN4n0H2IpySOdea8Cmbwg4mRIGYNdg.boKzpbHM21FYyNLYuvSJK2ubjT2_nrxgVGSH3d_ieVumS9JcymbxhR0iYbxdcaxmwNe7vSytJ07QMxEBf1kJk2OYTIOq1I_DwnbrTJmmpGqej6.B9f4Ih3J4_VxnCO02j0FWw3fRZXoPVH_Xdemsoiw7h8a1NQpxXiXuuOgRCBBf9fwYEn69c5fmZT7BF7u7kYYgbsKAdQ8bFttImGhBaRGoskwkG28kG_9uLLwhZBWXhRnl54ciOSZl80GIxSN3yHHF2i49jue37TZ5eFBEEAKcPQAw05u8yz3WZdWp5_kFcvGIjeM0exzFzbnULXFaaJ4iFXxOMg5oxhHLR.FjCgTc1pIw5Nh7n9wCNkoq7sDGAUt_4Nn.tEgaFUCQeipUnBp4NwOow_8f3Kudy549ha9YyxolZUO6HCHoxRX84hCF_iVi3fWIycWqRTzkQwwrcNK5FIultrBdxL_9OglBGQt4ujZbLLi0nBb19Q7NcFsC2QvvWhLJiy2KORH6uHdm2pnYhwtrdbIPmeidJnfhscZ439Y27i_ofM5fMhEwLiQ0ynRoA2ZxDbDPxLMOKGzazXtYl4KySHv8IwMvPcY98yzmbdWUGPZYPeqw0qN9kC8n0MKMjGixMTc72.i2suEw2hwlXfrTjrOaEoKnpRVPqISbaVMK9JSkpGW10.7KXETrqhm74a5tenmPFg4fvrISLpFJ_spLpe_sePtK6Idz.jPj0.H.tyorJh3FcPGICdZc2kOi4ns5yhZ2vOIwyOVXVPziMfcx_GMzBT4sTHRv1fblXLFbN8_fzIldc449MkNEISe9Wwiy5BkNjjlIhCxqJSq5AdB5yHPz0pepB4U_Os7NjDNQW.ShaRkDLDQ0jXs3PPf9rPIo42DmLrLytE13Og8zKvd3VsvTCR5sVdfvgLwBQotB2cWGlgBdTRzRUBdhEFrqIBwLZkdPx_PO4vWz1JIrB4uNLkJpFYmfAWoy3.5Lvx7A8h2KFQe5N2MMmDSCm2c8lks5yTbXrwGDz6E8sGdx5pyHDHy_JpmDqmTJlVt7xwurqHxMOPml9ObQYFb96Etufhx0idV7ToWJTDReYQWcnJjx8jdu5FE201gFNAnSWUi7BAOh5jbBzYE2XQ7rgez5L_UCtQ3.bztz4Xhpa2KBGepvMHqcwbow4AV5jniPeW6cGvZVeSHkHP0wwzAcPz4JXKI5inp87QBikmSUI0so.78X1RWQNspCpgGIcvR53uNrpcL_cxqOfQsmuMWPDT.4D.fZrzvfNOWjiGusfAxPPZEtQbd8Sx.on774HGnvmTLlzBA6UXnpc9unJazvM3P3Dxba9W2rjvhSHo6aA9oAV9148LjTTwV0bui5UU94R8TWT.uIh0efADF3IKjkjE9oE9LGWv9wvvM6u2PWRJEtxXZBZqdJGomLyvBMHSO8nQ",mdrd: "RzCu7nm9asVyuFsx0K0LAnaORwmcRyjTVMiMvGmBA7g-1739798812-1.2.1.1-bAQsWSXMf.XYrBGf3975yKO5yfspkr7YVTGNX.60SV5GmdUG4vfDhGX8nI9Zg3gEIokLQ.Qj8wIPLi7e2XSxZ7tbQ7LNE3GR9YWejUzPrSN8YApK44364hMqJQawpc85vk58SCmY_7A0ervSwwe_TeC1J2rYI9nsDk3hFQ_i8u8BGliMgN0bAKAMKbDjU5SDoTQkpMASPxcWqKy0SYrB6ITdzkKgFcPAY1yhHMQVKR.C4k.1SDodhw0o86sT7eRsUUpV1.eTYFlQCqeSUl_RqaHxfBIPaD98.PMlWnM.IY_7a_jEFHdgt5wlvZhJu9y8A5VjhXq0NxSAb.dwu1KetNf1B_qxrS81l.LtLe2YREBWdVKa1itYYpLiUfhMfe3kzz5OLjRe9HdHLCMLBVemBc_Onl1NSzqdpQEkxHJofQ.T4MmmzIqEd28tnAXIDa_bHhEJD6BHS09Uvy963N8CmHvtCVxz8VcGxsFgdVqb0BKo3f35_xYbyClgL1byZW_liJ.hb9o1FTg_T8borGWSwfdT6WN2FVruAQJDAhunLmY9rWP2O9qMm41pPY9qZvuyrEG7lkmiFWc4ilFTWfLPHpFMXey5F9jcp4tsLAsP12KHkEdHTC8Oj1amXitTaTxy1tty8LgbFjja0rsufE.EKdal0Yh.K8QJf8Qs0IM0cP0Oo.hgt0qDli35UPyiXoTXcgGofPGCOujMStNL3ST5zGp6hSyDcppLz7DMmINok9R0vaSPf5Rh8Z7wEpM2TKQE4HvLdDhUJgqLbDjwVehEbD3rIo8Y9w0494uXgogivgP4MrluwVc0ftLAfyrYUeR1JW4fVwZDJZJSJ1OlRzpdop53NJRrUsD69VAmksARjYWJ_gB2lUnoDRK138l86x0YPe2Ur4LWtIHxuwXk8oIGr0zU4zglWFxC2gZadDRUTrqCxMNDwwihd2TcELksTifjHg1g3CG47rDNWAFY59QK2L1iihB.p5LdnBzD8BYekJJqOLUu6ot547jP4h.R5QCXoWRPsNYjGA.HrlYzb694cdgoHlwB_QOrfYydRzOIZ3dCMDZiZlkFjKmNVj2VduMaGAIrizfkUInrnF6dYMfve3kNkjCN7c0fHyxb2IfqxIc4YAVKU5SqoYCzVSjDIcBVZWeas0SzbKzsQptWf6iw8NUxRPkouaLaK4E1ljD9HrHsgxdXe25rOU2ztdjst9PJP4TNEn6A8Qwy3t7IEmm.nMjuZtY5hE3r_.gBmdU6svjw682RDl3mfOk2LxaS_TDtGBSYB81VM8CGMBVWulKiLx8vHIHS_5pwQnws8.9oQw2Z_hu3nZ6Mq4I76wgUXpT4llJD8jOLCDDm13mQLzIJB3xaN9mgIgd10oEnZ.GfDGqK_34uincB_IrW..PLzpLwYat5ctfS707CVKp1ltnuFOFRpkPPvSc0S8DaUfO8qDy03heo2lSotUnX02Rl81UxiGX9oKmKW_XvzminqLwX51_6IF5oPUpwFNIsDkIBpeCgiHPK7gPMxzoXNpv966q57sUEUgxnYjeX2DfHR8xP9IGR07_xRK5_mLzRFzgWxiZNoQJlsuKmFoBjtb1qEW3TPbs7.3zPdGuVDC9IqUU7KQtPpQ0vJ1qxCkLtwIJQ7xwMLubzvJZh8aiyTSUQiMCJUu7o8aNeeA28CC4qNiMmxfQtr93VYtdDKyoCpW.7Xd23hyd3B7s1J1yNIL6HQdC7EE5LaJr1aJelrv.dBDHJH3Nwk5ECxSv5YrXZorSeD4Sbsojlrv6MmcdOWDgBwwGPHdDKq7wFq7dWpzlyXVJXf7ZhPMk2Y1Z7sZzbjFMts3sfT3ywPLdu.0ynovJKiUJjFG.I8hxDPqNqw1oP9GJD7LEJ5EIMjHggheBY1pDGjthENQ_IP.fBBXHEGChahUBHjMzrpHaeMqY_zEKPIR.dFqwcNYX138I9rXxDcMqqko2i6vfGriAUo_Nh9JZb79B6UhMPNl6Dq6yOd8Nx5rNP0A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91361c9368a1f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=functional%20outcome&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Olli1vaUJCd_GAY6HKQkGEIdLMTnUDC2_bwUdyzjho8-1739798812-1.0.1.1-g3aq8Jw2Vlemyr8yJIFmxg54ZWu.6NpO3E0n3G69ZGg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>