CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.waset.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <title>Search results for: negatively worded items</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: negatively worded items"> <meta name="keywords" content="negatively worded items"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="negatively worded items" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2025/2026/2027">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="negatively worded items"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2098</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: negatively worded items</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1918</span> Multiplying Vulnerability of Child Health Outcome and Food Diversity in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Ravi%20Raushan">Mukesh Ravi Raushan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite consideration of obesity as a deadly public health issue contributing 2.6 million deaths worldwide every year developing country like India is facing malnutrition and it is more common than in Sub-Saharan Africa. About one in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India. The paper assess the nutritional health among children using data from total number of 43737 infant and young children aged 0-59 months (µ = 29.54; SD = 17.21) of the selected households by National Family Health Survey, 2005-06. The wasting was measured by a Z-score of standardized weight-for-height according to the WHO child growth standards. The impact of education with place of residence was found to be significantly associated with the complementary food diversity score (CFDS) in India. The education of mother was positively associated with the CFDS but the degree of performance was lower in rural India than their counterpart from urban. The result of binary logistic regression on wasting with WHO seven types of recommended food for children in India suggest that child who consumed the milk product food (OR: 0.87, p<0.0001) were less likely to be malnourished than their counterparts who did not consume, whereas, in case of other food items as the child who consumed food product of seed (OR: 0.75, p<0.0001) were less likely to be malnourished than those who did not. The nutritional status among children were negatively associated with the protein containing complementary food given the child as those child who received pulse in last 24 hour were less likely to be wasted (OR: 0.87, p<0.00001) as compared to the reference categories. The frequency to feed the indexed child increases by 10 per cent the expected change in child health outcome in terms of wasting decreases by 2 per cent in India when place of residence, education, religion, and birth order were controlled. The index gets improved as the risk for malnutrition among children in India decreases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFDS" title="CFDS">CFDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20diversity%20index" title=" food diversity index"> food diversity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression" title=" logistic regression"> logistic regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14400/multiplying-vulnerability-of-child-health-outcome-and-food-diversity-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1917</span> Assessing an Instrument Usability: Response Interpolation and Scale Sensitivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betsy%20Ng">Betsy Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seng%20Chee%20Tan"> Seng Chee Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choon%20Lang%20Quek"> Choon Lang Quek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Looker"> Peter Looker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20Koh"> Jaime Koh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to determine the particular scale rating that stands out for an instrument. The instrument was designed to assess student perceptions of various learning environments, namely face-to-face, online and blended. The original instrument had a 5-point Likert items (1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree). Alternate versions were modified with a 6-point Likert scale and a bar scale rating. Participants consisted of undergraduates in a local university were involved in the usability testing of the instrument in an electronic setting. They were presented with the 5-point, 6-point and percentage-bar (100-point) scale ratings, in response to their perceptions of learning environments. The 5-point and 6-point Likert scales were presented in the form of radio button controls for each number, while the percentage-bar scale was presented with a sliding selection. Among these responses, 6-point Likert scale emerged to be the best overall. When participants were confronted with the 5-point items, they either chose 3 or 4, suggesting that data loss could occur due to the insensitivity of instrument. The insensitivity of instrument could be due to the discreet options, as evidenced by response interpolation. To avoid the constraint of discreet options, the percentage-bar scale rating was tested, but the participant responses were not well-interpolated. The bar scale might have provided a variety of responses without a constraint of a set of categorical options, but it seemed to reflect a lack of perceived and objective accuracy. The 6-point Likert scale was more likely to reflect a respondent’s perceived and objective accuracy as well as higher sensitivity. This finding supported the conclusion that 6-point Likert items provided a more accurate measure of the participant’s evaluation. The 5-point and bar scale ratings might not be accurately measuring the participants’ responses. This study highlighted the importance of the respondent’s perception of accuracy, respondent’s true evaluation, and the scale’s ease of use. Implications and limitations of this study were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability" title="usability">usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation" title=" interpolation"> interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Likert%20scales" title=" Likert scales"> Likert scales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62241/assessing-an-instrument-usability-response-interpolation-and-scale-sensitivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1916</span> Teachers' Assessment Practices in Lower Secondary Schools in Tanzania: The Potential and Opportunities for Formative Assessment Practice Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyce%20Joas%20Kahembe">Joyce Joas Kahembe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The implementation of education assessment reforms in developing countries has been claimed to be problematic and difficult. The socio-economic teaching and learning environment has pointed to constraints in the education reform process. Nevertheless, there are existing assessment practices that if enhanced, can have potential to foster formative assessment practices in those contexts. The present study used the sociocultural perspective to explore teachers’ assessment practices and factors influencing them in Tanzania. Specifically, the sociocultural perspective helped to trace social, economic and political histories imparted to teachers’ assessment practices. The ethnographic oriented methods like interviews, observations and document reviews was used in this exploration. Teachers used assessment practices, such as questioning and answering, tests, assignments and examinations, for evaluating, monitoring and diagnosing students’ understanding, achievement and performance and standards and quality of instruction practices. The obtained assessment information functioned as feedback for improving students’ understanding, performance, and the standard and quality of teaching instruction and materials. For example, teachers acknowledged, praised, approved, disapproved, denied, graded, or marked students’ responses to give students feedback and aid learning. Moreover, teachers clarified and corrected or repeated students’ responses with worded/added words to improve students’ mastery of the subject content. Teachers’ assessment practices were influenced by the high demands of passing marks in the high stakes examinations and the contexts of the social economic teaching environment. There is a need to ally education assessment reforms with existing socio-economic teaching environments and society and institutional demands of assessment to make assessment reforms meaningful and sustainable. This presentation ought to contribute on ongoing strategies for contextualizing assessment practices for formative uses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback" title=" feedback"> feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formative%20assessment" title=" formative assessment"> formative assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42423/teachers-assessment-practices-in-lower-secondary-schools-in-tanzania-the-potential-and-opportunities-for-formative-assessment-practice-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1915</span> DCASH: Dynamic Cache Synchronization Algorithm for Heterogeneous Reverse Y Synchronizing Mobile Database Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunasekaran%20Raja">Gunasekaran Raja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kottilingam%20Kottursamy"> Kottilingam Kottursamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajakumar%20Arul"> Rajakumar Arul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramkumar%20Jayaraman"> Ramkumar Jayaraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krithika%20Sairam"> Krithika Sairam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20Ravi"> Lakshmi Ravi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synchronization server maintains a dynamically changing cache, which contains the data items which were requested and collected by the mobile node from the server. The order and presence of tuples in the cache changes dynamically according to the frequency of updates performed on the data, by the server and client. To synchronize, the data which has been modified by client and the server at an instant are collected, batched together by the type of modification (insert/ update/ delete), and sorted according to their update frequencies. This ensures that the DCASH (Dynamic Cache Synchronization Algorithm for Heterogeneous Reverse Y synchronizing Mobile Database Systems) gives priority to the frequently accessed data with high usage. The optimal memory management algorithm is proposed to manage data items according to their frequency, theorems were written to show the current mobile data activity is reverse Y in nature and the experiments were tested with 2g and 3g networks for various mobile devices to show the reduced response time and energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20databases" title="mobile databases">mobile databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronization" title=" synchronization"> synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cache" title=" cache"> cache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20time" title=" response time"> response time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48854/dcash-dynamic-cache-synchronization-algorithm-for-heterogeneous-reverse-y-synchronizing-mobile-database-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1914</span> Review on Moral Disengagement in Sports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Pan">Min Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che-Yi%20Yang"> Che-Yi Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Behaviors in sports have been one of the research focuses for long. The possible causes of these deviant behaviors should be deterred to diminish such behaviors. The studies on moral disengagement in sports gained great attention internationally since then however studies regarding such issue are rather scarce in Taiwan. Hence, the study adopted literature review approach to retrospect researches on moral disengagement in sport so forth, introduced current instruments available – moral disengagement in sports (six factors, 32 items), moral disengagement in sports –short (1 factor, 8 items), and two Chinese version scales. It has been proved that moral disengagement in sport would render antisocial behaviors in sport context. It is also found players in team contact sports (e.g. basketball, football, and hockey) have higher moral disengagement at play. Male athletes tend to have higher moral disengagement than their female counterparts. Athletes competing in higher level also show higher moral disengagement. The study also summarized that factors such as coaching styles, emotion, self-orientation, motivation, and personality traits may deter the severity of moral disengagement of athletes hence further spur the antisocial behaviors in sports. It is suggested that a measurement of moral disengagement adequate for Taiwanese athletes and effective strategies for improving the antisocial behaviors should be developed based on the knowledge of moral disengagement in sports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antisocial%20behavior" title="antisocial behavior">antisocial behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution%20of%20blame" title=" attribution of blame"> attribution of blame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20disengagement%20in%20sports%20measurement" title=" moral disengagement in sports measurement"> moral disengagement in sports measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonresponsibility" title=" nonresponsibility"> nonresponsibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50972/review-on-moral-disengagement-in-sports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1913</span> Visible Expression of Social Identity: The Clothing and Fashion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihan%20Akdemir">Nihan Akdemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clothes are more than a piece of fabric, and the most visible material item of the fashion symbol is the garment, which carries multiple and various meanings. The dynamism of the clothing symbol can carry open or closed codes depending on culture, gender, and social location. And each one can be the expression of social identity over ethnicity, religious beliefs, age, education and social class. Through observation of clothing styles over these items, the assumptions could be made about a person’s identity. A distinctive and typical style, form or character of the clothing such as ‘zoot suits’, ‘ao dai’, removes the garment from functional and ordinary element to the symbolic area. Clothing is an 'identification' tool that functions in determining the symbolic boundaries between people in a sense. And this paper includes the investigation of the relation between social identity and clothing and also fashion. And this relationship has been taken into consideration over the visual expression because even during the ancient times, the clothes were the basic and simple way of representing the identity and social classes. The visible expression of identity over clothing from Ancient Egypt to today’s clothing and fashion has been researched in this article. And all these items have been explained with visual images and supported by the literature investigations. Then the results have shown that every piece of clothing from fabric to coloring have visual significations about social identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity" title="social identity">social identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clothing" title=" clothing"> clothing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fashion" title=" fashion"> fashion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20expression" title=" visual expression"> visual expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20signification" title=" visual signification"> visual signification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84251/visible-expression-of-social-identity-the-clothing-and-fashion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1912</span> Designing a Model for Measuring the Components of Good Governance in the Iranian Higher Education System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Ghorbanian">Maria Ghorbanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ghahramani"> Mohammad Ghahramani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Abolghasemi"> Mahmood Abolghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Universities and institutions of higher education in Iran, like other higher education institutions in the world, have a heavy mission and task to educate students based on the needs of the country. Taking on such a serious responsibility requires having a good governance system for planning, formulating executive plans, evaluating, and finally modifying them in accordance with the current conditions and challenges ahead. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of good governance in the Iranian higher education system by survey method and with a quantitative approach. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, which includes two parts: personal and professional characteristics (5 questions) and the three components of good governance in the Iranian higher education system, including good management and leadership (8 items), continuous evaluation and effective (university performance, finance, and university appointments) (8 items) and civic responsibility and sustainable development (7 items). These variables were measured and coded in the form of a five-level Likert scale from "Very Low = 1" to "Very High = 5". First, the validity and reliability of the research model were examined. In order to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, two methods of Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used. Fornell-Larker interaction and criterion were also used to determine the degree of diagnostic validity. The statistical population of this study included all faculty members of public universities in Tehran (N = 4429). The sample size was estimated to be 340 using the Cochran's formula. These numbers were studied using a randomized method with a proportional assignment. The data were analyzed by the structural equation method with the least-squares approach. The results showed that the component of civil responsibility and sustainable development with a factor load of 0.827 is the most important element of good governance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20governance" title="good governance">good governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145689/designing-a-model-for-measuring-the-components-of-good-governance-in-the-iranian-higher-education-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1911</span> Assessing Professionalism, Communication, and Collaboration among Emergency Physicians by Implementing a 360-Degree Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al%20Ansari">Ahmed Al Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Al%20Khalifa"> Khalid Al Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Multisource feedback (MSF), also called the 360-Degree evaluation is an evaluation process by which questionnaires are distributed amongst medical peers and colleagues to assess physician performance from different sources other than the attending or the supervising physicians. The aim of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate a 360-Degree process in assessing emergency physicians trainee in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Method: The study was undertaken in Bahrain Defense Force Hospital which is a military teaching hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Thirty emergency physicians (who represent the total population of the emergency physicians in our hospital) were assessed in this study. We developed an instrument modified from the Physician achievement review instrument PAR which was used to assess Physician in Alberta. We focused in our instrument to assess professionalism, communication skills and collaboration only. To achieve face and content validity, table of specification was constructed and a working group was involved in constructing the instrument. Expert opinion was considered as well. The instrument consisted of 39 items; were 15 items to assess professionalism, 13 items to assess communication skills, and 11 items to assess collaboration. Each emergency physicians was evaluated with 3 groups of raters, 4 Medical colleague emergency physicians, 4 medical colleague who are considered referral physicians from different departments, and 4 Coworkers from the emergency department. Independent administrative team was formed to carry on the responsibility of distributing the instruments and collecting them in closed envelopes. Each envelope was consisted of that instrument and a guide for the implementation of the MSF and the purpose of the study. Results: A total of 30 emergency physicians 16 males and 14 females who represent the total number of the emergency physicians in our hospital were assessed. The total collected forms is 269, were 105 surveys from coworkers working in emergency department, 93 surveys from medical colleague emergency physicians, and 116 surveys from referral physicians from different departments. The total mean response rates were 71.2%. The whole instrument was found to be suitable for factor analysis (KMO = 0.967; Bartlett test significant, p<0.00). Factor analysis showed that the data on the questionnaire decomposed into three factors which counted for 72.6% of the total variance: professionalism, collaboration, and communication. Reliability analysis indicated that the instrument full scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.98). The generalizability coefficients (Ep2) were 0.71 for the surveys. Conclusions: Based on the present results, the current instruments and procedures have high reliability, validity, and feasibility in assessing emergency physicians trainee in the emergency room. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSF%20system" title="MSF system">MSF system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title=" emergency"> emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalizability" title=" generalizability"> generalizability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17713/assessing-professionalism-communication-and-collaboration-among-emergency-physicians-by-implementing-a-360-degree-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1910</span> Parents' Expectations from Compulsory Pre-School Education in the Slovak Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sona%20Lorencova">Sona Lorencova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Hornickova"> Beata Hornickova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study deals with the presentation of the results of qualitatively oriented research, the aim of which was to find out the attitudes of parents to the planned compulsory pre-school education in the Slovak Republic. The research was conceived as an entry into the field of the researched issue and its aim was to support the validity and effectiveness of items in the questionnaire, which was created based on the statements of parents. The research method was an interview with 15 parents whose children attended kindergarten. The main question of the interviews was to find out what are the parents' expectations from compulsory pre-school education, which will be compulsory in the Slovak Republic from 2021 for all 5-year-old children. From the introduction of compulsory pre-school education, the professional public expects in particular greater participation of children from marginalized Roma communities in pre-school education, as well as children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds, better preparation of children for primary school and better results in international testing. The research found that the expectations of parents are different and depend on their socio-economic status, in accordance with which they place greater importance on the upbringing and education of children. The findings from interviews with parents contributed to the formulation of items in the questionnaire, which will be distributed to parents whose children will attend compulsory pre-school education in the Slovak Republic from 2021. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compulsory%20pre-school%20education" title="compulsory pre-school education">compulsory pre-school education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kindergarten" title=" kindergarten"> kindergarten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20of%20pre-school%20children" title=" education of pre-school children"> education of pre-school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20expectations%20from%20pre-school%20education" title=" parental expectations from pre-school education"> parental expectations from pre-school education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127311/parents-expectations-from-compulsory-pre-school-education-in-the-slovak-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1909</span> Developing and Testing a Questionnaire of Music Memorization and Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Santiago">Diana Santiago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tania%20Lisboa"> Tania Lisboa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophie%20Lee"> Sophie Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20P.%20Demos"> Alexander P. Demos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20C.%20S.%20Vasconcelos"> Monica C. S. Vasconcelos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Memorization has long been recognized as an arduous and anxiety-evoking task for musicians, and yet, it is an essential aspect of performance. Research shows that musicians are often not taught how to memorize. While memorization and practice strategies of professionals have been studied, little research has been done to examine how student musicians learn to practice and memorize music in different cultural settings. We present the process of developing and testing a questionnaire of music memorization and musical practice for student musicians in the UK and Brazil. A survey was developed for a cross-cultural research project aiming at examining how young orchestral musicians (aged 7–18 years) in different learning environments and cultures engage in instrumental practice and memorization. The questionnaire development included members of a UK/US/Brazil research team of music educators and performance science researchers. A pool of items was developed for each aspect of practice and memorization identified, based on literature, personal experiences, and adapted from existing questionnaires. Item development took the varying levels of cognitive and social development of the target populations into consideration. It also considered the diverse target learning environments. Items were initially grouped in accordance with a single underlying construct/behavior. The questionnaire comprised three sections: a demographics section, a section on practice (containing 29 items), and a section on memorization (containing 40 items). Next, the response process was considered and a 5-point Likert scale ranging from ‘always’ to ‘never’ with a verbal label and an image assigned to each response option was selected, following effective questionnaire design for children and youths. Finally, a pilot study was conducted with young orchestral musicians from diverse learning environments in Brazil and the United Kingdom. Data collection took place in either one-to-one or group settings to facilitate the participants. Cognitive interviews were utilized to establish response process validity by confirming the readability and accurate comprehension of the questionnaire items or highlighting the need for item revision. Internal reliability was investigated by measuring the consistency of the item groups using the statistical test Cronbach’s alpha. The pilot study successfully relied on the questionnaire to generate data about the engagement of young musicians of different levels and instruments, across different learning and cultural environments, in instrumental practice and memorization. Interaction analysis of the cognitive interviews undertaken with these participants, however, exposed the fact that certain items, and the response scale, could be interpreted in multiple ways. The questionnaire text was, therefore, revised accordingly. The low Cronbach’s Alpha scores of many item groups indicated another issue with the original questionnaire: its low level of internal reliability. Several reasons for each poor reliability can be suggested, including the issues with item interpretation revealed through interaction analysis of the cognitive interviews, the small number of participants (34), and the elusive nature of the construct in question. The revised questionnaire measures 78 specific behaviors or opinions. It can be seen to provide an efficient means of gathering information about the engagement of young musicians in practice and memorization on a large scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural" title="cross-cultural">cross-cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memorization" title=" memorization"> memorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practice" title=" practice"> practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20musicians" title=" young musicians"> young musicians</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109533/developing-and-testing-a-questionnaire-of-music-memorization-and-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1908</span> Predictors of Rumination and Co-Rumination: The Role of Attachment Dimensions, Self-Compassion and Self-Esteem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asli%20Bugay%20S%C3%B6kmez">Asli Bugay Sökmez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Manuoglu"> Elif Manuoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammet%20Coskun"> Muhammet Coskun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebi%CC%87%20S%C3%BCmer"> Nebi̇ Sümer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decades of research have searched out the relationships between self-esteem, self-compassion, attachment, and rumination. Yet, unique mediated and moderated predictor power of these correlates of rumination has not been discovered yet. Moreover, no study examined whether these critical correlates of rumination specifically predict sub-dimensions of rumination that are reflection and brooding. Despite the broad range of study regarding predictors of rumination, a huge gap exists for the possible predictors of co-rumination. To address these issues, the present study mainly investigates the predictor roles of self-esteem, self-compassion, and attachment on dimensions of rumination (brooding and reflection) and co-rumination, especially the mediating and moderating roles of these predictor variables. 510 undergraduate and graduate students from different departments of a major state university in Turkey participated in the current study. The mean age of the participants was 21.8 (SD = 2.29) and 57.3% of them were female. Overall analyses revealed that self-compassion and attachment anxiety was negatively correlated with both co-rumination and brooding. Surprisingly, while attachment anxiety significantly and positively predicted reflection, attachment avoidance predicted reflection negatively. Moreover, anxiety, avoidance and self-compassion all were found to be significant predictor variables of co-rumination. Finally, as expected, a moderating effect of self-compassion revealed in predicting reflection and showed as a mediator in predicting brooding and co-rumination. All findings were discussed in light of the related literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumination" title="rumination">rumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-rumination" title=" co-rumination"> co-rumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment" title=" attachment"> attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compassion" title=" self-compassion"> self-compassion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-esteem" title=" self-esteem"> self-esteem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112726/predictors-of-rumination-and-co-rumination-the-role-of-attachment-dimensions-self-compassion-and-self-esteem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1907</span> Progressive Type-I Interval Censoring with Binomial Removal-Estimation and Its Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonal%20Budhiraja">Sonal Budhiraja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswabrata%20Pradhan"> Biswabrata Pradhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work considers statistical inference based on progressive Type-I interval censored data with random removal. The scheme of progressive Type-I interval censoring with random removal can be described as follows. Suppose n identical items are placed on a test at time T0 = 0 under k pre-fixed inspection times at pre-specified times T1 < T2 < . . . < Tk, where Tk is the scheduled termination time of the experiment. At inspection time Ti, Ri of the remaining surviving units Si, are randomly removed from the experiment. The removal follows a binomial distribution with parameters Si and pi for i = 1, . . . , k, with pk = 1. In this censoring scheme, the number of failures in different inspection intervals and the number of randomly removed items at pre-specified inspection times are observed. Asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are established under some regularity conditions. A β-content γ-level tolerance interval (TI) is determined for two parameters Weibull lifetime model using the asymptotic properties of MLEs. The minimum sample size required to achieve the desired β-content γ-level TI is determined. The performance of the MLEs and TI is studied via simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotic%20normality" title="asymptotic normality">asymptotic normality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consistency" title=" consistency"> consistency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regularity%20conditions" title=" regularity conditions"> regularity conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20study" title=" simulation study"> simulation study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance%20interval" title=" tolerance interval"> tolerance interval</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47981/progressive-type-i-interval-censoring-with-binomial-removal-estimation-and-its-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1906</span> Written Grammatical Errors of Arabic as Second Language (ASL) Learners: An Evaluative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadeq%20Al%20Yaari">Sadeq Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayza%20Al%20Hammadi"> Fayza Al Hammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Al%20Yaari"> Ayman Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adham%20Al%20Yaari"> Adham Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montaha%20Al%20Yaari"> Montaha Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayah%20Al%20Yaari"> Aayah Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajedah%20Al%20Yaari"> Sajedah Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Al%20Yami"> Salah Al Yami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: In recent years, the number of non-native speakers of the Arabic language has exponentially increased. Aims: This analytical study aims to investigate written grammatical errors committed by Arabic as a Second Language (ASL) learners. More specifically, it explores the reasons behind committing these errors and their effects on the daily communication of ASL learners. Methods: Ten (10) ASL senior learners of the Arabic Language Institute (ALI), College of Arts, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were randomly selected in this study. The participants were asked to write paragraphs about themselves and then their written work was linguistically analyzed and evaluated by the researchers and some Arabic Language experts before it was statistically analyzed. Conclusions: Results outline that written grammatical errors of ASL learners are characterized by the misuse of many grammatical items. Mainly, these items are proper nouns (PN), common nouns (CN), main verbs (MV), adjectives (adj.), time adverbs (T. Adv.), manner adverbs (M. Adv.), objective pronouns (OP), and central determiners (C Det.) including demonstratives (Dem.) and articles (Artic.), pronouns (Pron.) and prepositions (Prep.). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=written" title="written">written</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grammatical%20errors" title=" grammatical errors"> grammatical errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title=" Arabic"> Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language" title=" second language"> second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-native%20learners" title=" non-native learners"> non-native learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis." title=" analysis."> analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186618/written-grammatical-errors-of-arabic-as-second-language-asl-learners-an-evaluative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1905</span> Economic Indicators as Correlates of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20F.%20Popoola">C. F. Popoola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Osho"> P. Osho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Babarinde"> S. B. Babarinde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined economic indicators as correlates of inward FDI. An exploratory research design was used to obtained annual published data on inflation rate, market size, exchange rate, political instability, human development, and infrastructure from Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, Nigerian Capital Market, Nigeria Institute of Social and Economic Research, and UNCTAD. Data generated were analyzed using Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and regression. The findings of the study revealed that market size (r = 0.852, p < 0.001), infrastructure (r = 0.264, p < 0.001), human development (r = 0.154, p < 0.01) and exchange rate ( r= 0.178, p < 0.05) correlate positively with inward FDI, while inflation rate (r = -0.88, p < 0.001), and political instability (r= -0.102, p < 0.05) correlate negatively with inward FDI. Findings also revealed that the economic indicators significantly predicted inward FDI (R2 = 0.913; F(1,19) = 29.40; p < 0.05) for Nigeria. It was concluded that exchange rate, market size, human development, and infrastructure positively related to inward FDI while the high level of inflation and political instability negatively related to inward FDI. Therefore, it was suggested that policy makers and government agencies should readdress steps and design policies that would encourage more FDI into the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20direct%20investment" title=" foreign direct investment"> foreign direct investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20development" title=" human development"> human development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation%20rate" title=" inflation rate"> inflation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20size" title=" market size"> market size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20instability" title=" political instability"> political instability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5362/economic-indicators-as-correlates-of-inward-foreign-direct-investment-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1904</span> Evidence of Microplastics Ingestion in Two Commercial Cephalopod Species: Octopus Vulgaris and Sepia Officinalis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Laface">Federica Laface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Ped%C3%A0"> Cristina Pedà</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Longo"> Francesco Longo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20de%20Domenico"> Francesca de Domenico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riccardo%20Minichino"> Riccardo Minichino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierpaolo%20Consoli"> Pierpaolo Consoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pietro%20Battaglia"> Pietro Battaglia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvestro%20Greco"> Silvestro Greco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Romeo"> Teresa Romeo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastics pollution represents one of the most important threats to marine biodiversity. In the last decades, different species are investigated to evaluate the extent of the plastic ingestion phenomenon. Even if the cephalopods play an important role in the food chain, they are still poorly studied. The aim of this research was to investigate the plastic ingestion in two commercial cephalopod species from the southern Tyrrhenian Sea: the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (n=6; mean mantle length ML 10.7 ± 1.8) and the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (n=13; mean ML 13.2 ± 1.7). Plastics were extracted from the filters obtained by the chemical digestion of cephalopods gastrointestinal tracts (GITs), using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution in a 1:5 (w/v) ratio. Once isolated, particles were photographed, measured, and their size class, shape and color were recorded. A total of 81 items was isolated from 16 of the 19 examined GITs, representing a total occurrence (%O) of 84.2% with a mean value of 4.3 ± 8.6 particles per individual. In particular, 62 plastics were found in 6 specimens of O. vulgaris (%O=100) and 19 particles in 10 S. officinalis (%O=94.7). In both species, the microplastics size class was the most abundant (93.8%). Plastic items found in O. vulgaris were mainly fibers (61%) while fragments were the most frequent in S. officinalis (53%). Transparent was the most common color in both species. The analysis will be completed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy technique in order to identify polymers nature. This study reports preliminary data on plastic ingestion events in two cephalopods species and represents the first record of plastic ingestion by the common octopus. Microplastic items detected in both common octopus and common cuttlefish could derive from secondary and/or accidental ingestion events, probably due to their behavior, feeding habits and anatomical features. Further studies will be required to assess the effect of marine litter pollution in these ecologically and commercially important species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cephalopods" title="cephalopods">cephalopods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIT%20analysis" title=" GIT analysis"> GIT analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20pollution" title=" marine pollution"> marine pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mediterranean%20sea" title=" Mediterranean sea"> Mediterranean sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title=" microplastics"> microplastics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140632/evidence-of-microplastics-ingestion-in-two-commercial-cephalopod-species-octopus-vulgaris-and-sepia-officinalis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1903</span> Caregivers Burden: Risk and Related Psychological Factors in Caregivers of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pellecchia%20M.%20T.">Pellecchia M. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savarese%20G."> Savarese G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carpinelli%20L."> Carpinelli L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calabrese%20M."> Calabrese M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of autonomy which undoubtedly has a significant impact on the quality of life of caregivers, and parents are the main informal caregivers. Caring for a person with PD is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric morbidity and persistent anxiety-depressive distress. The aim of the study is to investigate the burden on caregivers of patients with PD, through the use of multidimensional scales and to identify their personological and environmental determinants. Methods: The study has been approved by the Ethic Committee of the University of Salerno and informed consent for participation to the study was obtained from patients and their caregivers. The study was conducted at the Neurology Department of the A.O.U. "San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona" of Salerno between September 2020 and May 2021. Materials: The questionnaires used were: a) Caregiver Burden Inventory - CBI a questionnaire of 24 items that allow identifying five sub-categories of burden (objective, psychological, physical, social, emotional); b) Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Version - DASS-21 questionnaire consisting of 21 items and valid in examining three distinct but interrelated areas (depression, anxiety and stress); c) Family Strain Questionnaire Short Form - FSQ-SF is a questionnaire of 30 items grouped in areas of increasing psychological risk (OK, R, SR, U); d) Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory - ZBI, consisting of 22 items based on the analysis of two main factors: personal stress and pressure related to his role; e) Life Satisfaction, a single item that aims to evaluate the degree of life satisfaction in a global way using a 0-100 Likert scale. Findings: N ° 29 caregivers (M age = 55.14, SD = 9.859; 69% F) participated in the study. 20.6% of the sample had severe and severe burden (CBI score = M = 26.31; SD = 22.43) and 13.8% of participants had moderate to severe burden (ZBI). The FSQ-SF highlighted a minority of caregivers who need psychological support, in some cases urgent (Area SR and Area U). The DASS-21 results show a prevalence of stress-related symptoms (M = 10.90, SD = 10.712) compared to anxiety (M = 7.52, SD = 10.752) and depression (M = 8, SD = 10.876). There are significant correlations between some specific variables and mean test scores: retired caregivers report higher ZBI scores (p = 0.423) and lower Life Satisfaction levels (p = -0.460) than working caregivers; years of schooling show a negative linear correlation with the ZBI score (p = -0.491). The T-Test indicates that caregivers of patients with cognitive impairment are at greater risk than those of patients without cognitive impairment. Conclusions: It knows the factors that affect the burden the most would allow for early recognition of risky situations and caregivers who would need adequate support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxious-depressive%20axis" title="anxious-depressive axis">anxious-depressive axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caregivers%E2%80%99%20burden" title=" caregivers’ burden"> caregivers’ burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson%E2%80%99%20disease" title=" Parkinson’ disease"> Parkinson’ disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20risks" title=" psychological risks"> psychological risks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141394/caregivers-burden-risk-and-related-psychological-factors-in-caregivers-of-patients-with-parkinsons-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1902</span> An Overall Evaluation of Food Nanotechnology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raana%20Babadi%20Fathipour">Raana Babadi Fathipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nourishment nanotechnology is an range of rising intrigued and opens up a entirety universe of modern conceivable outcomes for the nourishment industry. The essential categories of nanotechnology applications and functionalities right now within the improvement of nourishment bundling incorporate: the enhancement of plastic materials obstructions, the consolidation of dynamic components that can convey utilitarian properties past those of customary dynamic bundling, and the detecting and signaling of significant data. Nano nourishment bundling materials may amplify nourishment life, move forward nourishment security, alarm buyers that nourishment is sullied or ruined, repair tears in bundling, and indeed release preservatives to expand the life of the nourishment within the bundle. Nanotechnology applications within the nourishment industry can be utilized to identify microbes in bundling, or produce stronger flavors and color quality, and security by expanding the obstruction properties. Nanotechnology holds extraordinary guarantee to supply benefits not fair inside nourishment items but too around nourishment items. In reality, nanotechnology presents modern chances for advancement within the nourishment industry at monstrous speed, but instability and wellbeing concerns are moreover developing. EU/WE/global enactment for the direction of nanotechnology in nourishment are scanty. Besides, current enactment shows up unacceptable to nanotechnology specificity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20technology" title="nano technology">nano technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20foods" title=" nano foods"> nano foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20packaging" title=" food packaging"> food packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20participle" title=" nano participle"> nano participle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174644/an-overall-evaluation-of-food-nanotechnology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1901</span> Opinions of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Administrative Personnel towards Performance of the University Council</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitsanu%20Poonpetpun">Pitsanu Poonpetpun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed to study opinions of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University administrative personnel towards performance of the university council committee by addressing (1) personal characteristics of the committees; (2) duties designated by the university council; and (3) relationship between university council and university administrative personnel. The population of this study including the president, vice presidents, faculty deans, deputy deans, office heads, director of office of president, directors, deputy directors, division directors, made a total of 118 respondents. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were utilized in analyzing the data. The finding on opinions of the administrative personnel towards personal characteristics of the university council committees was averagely at a high level. The characteristic items were rated and revealed that the item gaining the highest mean score was the item stating that the university council committees obtained overall appropriate qualification. The items stating that the president of the teachers’ council acting as the university council committee had impartiality and good governance reported the lowest mean score. The opinions of the administrative personnel towards duty performance of the university council committees was averagely in a high level, in which the item gaining the highest mean score was the item stating that formulating rules and regulations or assigning governmental offices to do so was practiced with governance or fairness to all stakeholders, and the item stating that the president of the teachers’ council acting as the university council committee had impartiality good governance reported the lowest mean score. Moreover, the study found that the rating of opinions of the administrative personnel towards relationship between university council and university administrative personnel was averagely high. Relationship items were rated and revealed that the highest mean score was rated for the fact that the university president was empowered by the university council to manage the university with no violation of the policies. The fact that there was the integrity of policy between the university council and the university administrative personnel was rated the lowest score. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title="performance">performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20council" title=" university council"> university council</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20administrative%20personnel" title=" university administrative personnel"> university administrative personnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4824/opinions-of-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university-administrative-personnel-towards-performance-of-the-university-council" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1900</span> Investigation of the Influence of Student’s Characteristics on Mathematics Achievement in Junior Secondary School in Ibadan, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babatunde%20Kasim%20Oladele">Babatunde Kasim Oladele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This current study investigated students’ characteristics as factors that influence Mathematics Achievement of junior secondary school students. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of the study was one hundred and twenty-three (123) JSS students of secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government in Oyo State. A Mathematics achievement test and three questionnaires on student’s self-efficacy belief, attitude, and learning style were the instruments used. Prior to the administration of the constructed mathematics achievement test, 100-item mathematics was subjected to the expert review, and items analysis was carried out. Fifty items were retained. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients of the instruments were 0.71, 0.76, and 0.83, respectively. Collected data were analysed using the frequency count, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Path Analysis in Amos SPSS Version 20. Students characteristics: gender, age, self-efficacy, attitude and learning style had positive direct effects on students’ achievement in Mathematics as indicated by their respective beta weights (β = 0.36, 0.203, 0.92, 0.079, 0.69 p < 0.05). Consequently, the study concluded that student’s characteristics (Age, gender, and learning style) explained a significant part of the variability in students’ achievement in Mathematics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20achievement" title="mathematics achievement">mathematics achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20characteristics" title=" students’ characteristics"> students’ characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=junior%20secondary%20school" title=" junior secondary school"> junior secondary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibadan" title=" Ibadan"> Ibadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105309/investigation-of-the-influence-of-students-characteristics-on-mathematics-achievement-in-junior-secondary-school-in-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1899</span> An Optimal Algorithm for Finding (R, Q) Policy in a Price-Dependent Order Quantity Inventory System with Soft Budget Constraint </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hamid%20Mirmohammadi">S. Hamid Mirmohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrazad%20Tamjidzad"> Shahrazad Tamjidzad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is concerned with the single-item continuous review inventory system in which demand is stochastic and discrete. The budget consumed for purchasing the ordered items is not restricted but it incurs extra cost when exceeding specific value. The unit purchasing price depends on the quantity ordered under the all-units discounts cost structure. In many actual systems, the budget as a resource which is occupied by the purchased items is limited and the system is able to confront the resource shortage by charging more costs. Thus, considering the resource shortage costs as a part of system costs, especially when the amount of resource occupied by the purchased item is influenced by quantity discounts, is well motivated by practical concerns. In this paper, an optimization problem is formulated for finding the optimal (R, Q) policy, when the system is influenced by the budget limitation and a discount pricing simultaneously. Properties of the cost function are investigated and then an algorithm based on a one-dimensional search procedure is proposed for finding an optimal (R, Q) policy which minimizes the expected system costs . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28R" title="(R">(R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q%29%20policy" title=" Q) policy"> Q) policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20demand" title=" stochastic demand"> stochastic demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backorders" title=" backorders"> backorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limited%20resource" title=" limited resource"> limited resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantity%20discounts" title=" quantity discounts"> quantity discounts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28912/an-optimal-algorithm-for-finding-r-q-policy-in-a-price-dependent-order-quantity-inventory-system-with-soft-budget-constraint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">646</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1898</span> Social Work Profession in a Mirror of the Russian Immigrant Media in Israel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Khvorostianov">Natalia Khvorostianov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelly%20Elias"> Nelly Elias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study seeks to analyze representation of social work in immigrant media, focusing on the case of online newspapers established by immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel. This immigrant population is particularly interesting because social work did not exist as a profession practiced in the USSR and hence most FSU immigrants arrive in Israel without a basic knowledge of the essence of social work, the services it provides and the logic behind its treatment methods. The sample of 37 items was built through a Google search of the Russian online newspapers and portals originated in Israel by using keywords such as “social worker,” “social work services” and the like. All items were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Principal analytical categories used for the analysis were: Assessment of social work services (negative, positive, neutral); social workers’ professionalism and effectiveness; goals and motives underlying their activity; cross-cultural contact with immigrants and methods used in working with immigrants. On this basis, four dominant images used to portray Israeli social work services and social workers were identified: Lack of professionalism, cultural gaps between FSU immigrants and Israeli social workers, repressive character of social work services and social workers’ involvement in corruption and crime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSU%20immigrants" title="FSU immigrants">FSU immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrant%20media" title=" immigrant media"> immigrant media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20images" title=" media images"> media images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20workers" title=" social workers"> social workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33720/social-work-profession-in-a-mirror-of-the-russian-immigrant-media-in-israel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1897</span> New Experiences into Pancreatic Disease Science</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Akbarpour">Nadia Akbarpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a forceful and obliterating illness, which is portrayed by intrusiveness, fast movement, and significant protection from treatment. Advances in neurotic arrangement and malignant growth hereditary qualities have worked on our illustrative comprehension of this infection; be that as it may, significant parts of pancreatic disease science remain ineffectively comprehended. A superior comprehension of pancreatic disease science should lead the way to more viable medicines. In the course of the most recent couple of years, there have been significant advances in the sub-atomic and organic comprehension of pancreatic malignancy. This included comprehension of the genomic intricacy of the illness, the job of pancreatic malignant growth undifferentiated organisms, the importance of the growth microenvironment, and the one-of-a-kind metabolic transformation of pancreas disease cells to acquire supplements under hypoxic climate. Endeavors have been made towards the advancement of the practical answer for its treatment with compelled achievement due to its complicated science. It is grounded that pancreatic malignancy undifferentiated cells (CSCs), yet present in a little count, contribute extraordinarily to PC inception, movement, and metastasis. Standard chemo and radiotherapeutic choices, notwithstanding, grow general endurance, the connected aftereffects are a huge concern. In the midst of the latest decade, our understanding with regards to atomic and cell pathways engaged with PC and the job of CSCs in its movement has expanded massively. By and by, the center is to target CSCs. The natural items have acquired a lot of thought as of late as they, generally, sharpen CSCs to chemotherapy and target atomic flagging engaged with different cancers, including PC. Some arranged investigations have demonstrated promising outcomes recommending that assessments in this course bring a ton to the table for the treatment of PC. Albeit preclinical investigations uncovered the significance of natural items in lessening pancreatic carcinoma, restricted examinations have been led to assess their part in centers. The current survey gives another knowledge to late advances in pancreatic malignancy science, treatment, and the current status of natural items in its expectation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatic" title="pancreatic">pancreatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genomic" title=" genomic"> genomic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic" title=" organic"> organic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143974/new-experiences-into-pancreatic-disease-science" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1896</span> Finite Elemental Simulation of the Combined Process of Asymmetric Rolling and Plastic Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pesin">A. Pesin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Pustovoytov"> D. Pustovoytov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sverdlik"> M. Sverdlik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally, the need in items represents a large body of rotation (e.g. shrouds of various process units: a converter, a mixer, a scrubber, a steel ladle and etc.) is satisfied by using them at engineering enterprises. At these enterprises large parts of bodies of rotation are made on stamping units or bending and forming machines. In Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University in alliance with JSC "Magnitogorsk Metal and Steel Works" there was suggested and implemented the technology for producing such items based on a combination of asymmetric rolling processes and plastic bending under conditions of the plate mill. In this paper, based on finite elemental mathematical simulation in technology of a combined process of asymmetric rolling and bending plastic has been improved. It is shown that for the same curvature along the entire length of the metal sheet it is necessary to introduce additional asymmetry speed when rolling front end and tape trailer. Production of large bodies of rotation at mill 4500 JSC "Magnitogorsk Metal and Steel Works" showed good convergence of theoretical and experimental values of the curvature of the metal. Economic effect obtained more than 1.0 million dollars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20rolling" title="asymmetric rolling">asymmetric rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20bending" title=" plastic bending"> plastic bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20process" title=" combined process"> combined process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13062/finite-elemental-simulation-of-the-combined-process-of-asymmetric-rolling-and-plastic-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1895</span> Customer Experience Management in Food and Beverage Outlet at Indian School of Business: Methodology and Recommendations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupam%20Purwar">Anupam Purwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In conventional consumer product industry, stockouts are taken care by carrying buffer stock to check underserving caused by changes in customer demand, incorrect forecast or variability in lead times. But, for food outlets, the alternate of carrying buffer stock is unviable because of indispensable need to serve freshly cooked meals. Besides, the food outlet being the sole provider has no incentives to reduce stockouts, as they have no fear of losing revenue, gross profit, customers and market share. Hence, innovative, easy to implement and practical ways of addressing the twin problem of long queues and poor customer experience needs to be investigated. Current work analyses the demand pattern of 11 different food items across a routine day. Based on this optimum resource allocation for all food items has been carried out by solving a linear programming problem with cost minimization as the objective. Concurrently, recommendations have been devised to address this demand and supply side problem keeping in mind their practicability. Currently, the recommendations are being discussed and implemented at ISB (Indian School of Business) Hyderabad campus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F%26B%20industry" title="F&B industry">F&B industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20management" title=" demand management"> demand management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20programming" title=" linear programming"> linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LP" title=" LP"> LP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queuing%20analysis" title=" queuing analysis"> queuing analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102394/customer-experience-management-in-food-and-beverage-outlet-at-indian-school-of-business-methodology-and-recommendations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1894</span> Linkage between a Plant-based Diet and Visual Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Cirone">Cristina Cirone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katrina%20Cirone"> Katrina Cirone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monali%20S.%20Malvankar-Mehta"> Monali S. Malvankar-Mehta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: An increased risk of visual impairment has been observed in individuals lacking a balanced diet. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between plant-based diets and specific ocular outcomes among adults. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and PubMed, were systematically searched up until May 27, 2021. Of the 503 articles independently screened by two reviewers, 21 were included in this review. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed by both reviewers. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15.0. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were computed based on heterogeneity. Results: A total of 503 studies were identified which then underwent duplicate removal and a title and abstract screen. The remaining 61 studies underwent a full-text screen, 21 progressed to data extraction and fifteen were included in the quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis indicated that regular consumption of fish (OR = 0.70; CI: [0.62-0.79]) and skim milk, poultry, and non-meat animal products (OR = 0.70; CI: [0.61-0.79]) is positively correlated with a reduced risk of visual impairment (age-related macular degeneration, age-related maculopathy, cataract development, and central geographic atrophy) among adults. Consumption of red meat [OR = 1.41; CI: [1.07-1.86]) is associated with an increased risk of visual impairment. Conclusion: Overall, a pescatarian diet is associated with the most favorable visual outcomes among adults, while the consumption of red meat appears to negatively impact vision. Results suggest a need for more local and government-led interventions promoting a healthy and balanced diet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-based%20diet" title="plant-based diet">plant-based diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pescatarian%20diet" title=" pescatarian diet"> pescatarian diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20impairment" title=" visual impairment"> visual impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143147/linkage-between-a-plant-based-diet-and-visual-impairment-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1893</span> The Impact of Motivation, Trust, and National Cultural Differences on Knowledge Sharing within the Context of Electronic Mail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Abdullah%20Al%20Saifi">Said Abdullah Al Saifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this research is to examine the impact of trust, motivation, and national culture on knowledge sharing within the context of electronic mail. This study is quantitative and survey based. In order to conduct the research, 200 students from a leading university in New Zealand were chosen randomly to participate in a questionnaire survey. Motivation and trust were found to be significantly and positively related to knowledge sharing. The research findings illustrated that face saving, face gaining, and individualism positively moderates the relationship between motivation and knowledge sharing. In addition, collectivism culture negatively moderates the relationship between motivation and knowledge sharing. Moreover, the research findings reveal that face saving, individualism, and collectivism culture positively moderate the relationship between trust and knowledge sharing. In addition, face gaining culture negatively moderates the relationship between trust and knowledge sharing. This study sets out several implications for researchers and practitioners. The study produces an integrative model that shows how attributes of national culture impact knowledge sharing through the use of emails. A better understanding of the relationship between knowledge sharing and trust, motivation, and national culture differences will increase individuals’ ability to make wise choices when sharing knowledge with those from different cultures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20sharing" title="knowledge sharing">knowledge sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20culture" title=" national culture"> national culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53023/the-impact-of-motivation-trust-and-national-cultural-differences-on-knowledge-sharing-within-the-context-of-electronic-mail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1892</span> Analysis of Learning Difficulties among Preservice Students towards Science Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahla%20Khatib">Nahla Khatib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated several learning difficulties that affected the classroom learning experience of preservice students who are studying general science and methods of teaching science students at Faculty of Educational Studies at the Arab Open University (AOU) in Amman, Jordan. The focus questions for this study were to find answers for the following: 1. What are the main areas of learning difficulty among preservice students towards science education? 2. What are the main aspects of reducing obstacles towards success in science education? To achieve this goal, the researcher prepared a questionnaire which included 30 items to point out the learning difficulties among preservice students towards science education. The questionnaire was distributed among students enrolled in the general science courses 1&2 and methods of teaching science courses at the beginning of the spring semester of year (2013-2014). After collecting the filled questionnaire a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out (means and standard deviation) for the items of the questionnaire. After analyzing the data statistically our findings showed that student control–factors as well as course controlled factor, factors related to the nature of science, and factors related to the role of instructor affected student success toward science education. The study was concluded with a number of recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature%20of%20science" title="nature of science">nature of science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservice%20teachers" title=" preservice teachers"> preservice teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20education" title=" science education"> science education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20difficulties" title=" learning difficulties"> learning difficulties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11993/analysis-of-learning-difficulties-among-preservice-students-towards-science-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1891</span> Improving Research by the Integration of a Collaborative Dimension in an Information Retrieval (IR) System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Hannech">Amel Hannech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Adda"> Mehdi Adda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Mcheick"> Hamid Mcheick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In computer science, the purpose of finding useful information is still one of the most active and important research topics. The most popular application of information retrieval (IR) are Search Engines, they meet users' specific needs and aim to locate the effective information in the web. However, these search engines have some limitations related to the relevancy of the results and the ease to explore those results. In this context, we proposed in previous works a Multi-Space Search Engine model that is based on a multidimensional interpretation universe. In the present paper, we integrate an additional dimension that allows to offer users new research experiences. The added component is based on creating user profiles and calculating the similarity between them that then allow the use of collaborative filtering in retrieving search results. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, a prototype is developed. The experiments showed that the additional dimension has improved the relevancy of results by predicting the interesting items of users based on their experiences and the experiences of other similar users. The offered personalization service allows users to approve the pertinent items, which allows to enrich their profiles and further improve research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title="information retrieval">information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=v-facets" title=" v-facets"> v-facets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20behavior%20analysis" title=" user behavior analysis"> user behavior analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20profiles" title=" user profiles"> user profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20ontology" title=" topical ontology"> topical ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association%20rules" title=" association rules"> association rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20personalization" title=" data personalization"> data personalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57740/improving-research-by-the-integration-of-a-collaborative-dimension-in-an-information-retrieval-ir-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1890</span> A Study on the Relationship between Transaction Fairness, Social Capital, Supply Chain Integration and Sustainability: Focusing on Manufacturing Companies of South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Min%20Park">Sung-Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Kwon%20Park"> Chan Kwon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chae-Bogk%20Kim"> Chae-Bogk Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between transaction fairness, social capital, supply chain integration and sustainability. Based on the previous studies, measurement items were determined by using SPSS 22 and exploratory factor analysis was performed, and again, using AMOS 21 for confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis was performed by using study items that satisfy reliability, validity, and appropriateness of measurement model. It has shown that transaction fairness has a (+) significant effect on social capital, social capital on supply chain integration, supply chain integration on economic sustainability and social sustainability, and has a (+), but not significant effect on environmental sustainability. It has shown that supply chain integration has been proven to play a role as a parameter between social capital and economic and social sustainability, but not as a parameter between environmental sustainability. Through this study, it is suggested that clearly examining the relationship between fairness of trade, social capital, supply chain integration and sustainability, maintaining fairness of the transaction make formation of social capital, and further integration of supply chain, and achieve sustainability of entire supply chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction%20fairness" title="transaction fairness">transaction fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20integration" title=" supply chain integration"> supply chain integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74486/a-study-on-the-relationship-between-transaction-fairness-social-capital-supply-chain-integration-and-sustainability-focusing-on-manufacturing-companies-of-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1889</span> A Shift in Approach from Cereal Based Diet to Dietary Diversity in India: A Case Study of Aligarh District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abha%20Gupta">Abha Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20K.%20Mishra"> Deepak K. Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food security issue in India has surrounded over availability and accessibility of cereal which is regarded as the only food group to check hunger and improve nutrition. Significance of fruits, vegetables, meat and other food products have totally been neglected given the fact that they provide essential nutrients to the body. There is a need to shift the emphasis from cereal-based approach to a more diverse diet so that aim of achieving food security may change from just reducing hunger to an overall health. This paper attempts to analyse how far dietary diversity level has been achieved across different socio-economic groups in India. For this purpose, present paper sets objectives to determine (a) percentage share of different food groups to total food expenditure and consumption by background characteristics (b) source of and preference for all food items and, (c) diversity of diet across socio-economic groups. A cross sectional survey covering 304 households selected through proportional stratified random sampling was conducted in six villages of Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Information on amount of food consumed, source of consumption and expenditure on food (74 food items grouped into 10 major food groups) was collected with a recall period of seven days. Per capita per day food consumption/expenditure was calculated through dividing consumption/expenditure by household size and number seven. Food variety score was estimated by giving 0 values to those food groups/items which had not been eaten and 1 to those which had been taken by households in last seven days. Addition of all food group/item score gave result of food variety score. Diversity of diet was computed using Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Findings of the paper show that cereal, milk, roots and tuber food groups contribute a major share in total consumption/expenditure. Consumption of these food groups vary across socio-economic groups whereas fruit, vegetables, meat and other food consumption remain low and same. Estimation of dietary diversity show higher concentration of diet due to higher consumption of cereals, milk, root and tuber products and dietary diversity slightly varies across background groups. Muslims, Scheduled caste, small farmers, lower income class, food insecure, below poverty line and labour families show higher concentration of diet as compared to their counterpart groups. These groups also evince lower mean intake of number of food item in a week due to poor economic constraints and resultant lower accessibility to number of expensive food items. Results advocate to make a shift from cereal based diet to dietary diversity which not only includes cereal and milk products but also nutrition rich food items such as fruits, vegetables, meat and other products. Integrating a dietary diversity approach in food security programmes of the country would help to achieve nutrition security as hidden hunger is widespread among the Indian population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20diversity" title="dietary diversity">dietary diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20Security" title=" food Security"> food Security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20groups" title=" socio-economic groups"> socio-economic groups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39403/a-shift-in-approach-from-cereal-based-diet-to-dietary-diversity-in-india-a-case-study-of-aligarh-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">7</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=69">69</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=70">70</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items&page=8" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>