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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Germain Boffrand</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Terdapat 14 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جيرماين بوفراند – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيرماين بوفراند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جيرماين بوفراند – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيرماين بوفراند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Бофран, Жермен – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бофран, Жермен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Germain Boffrand – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Germain Boffrand" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жермен Бофран – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жермен Бофран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1311013#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germain_Boffrand" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Germain_Boffrand&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germain_Boffrand"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germain_Boffrand"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Germain_Boffrand" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Germain_Boffrand" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&oldid=25149223" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Germain_Boffrand&id=25149223&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGermain_Boffrand"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGermain_Boffrand"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Germain+Boffrand"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Germain_Boffrand&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Germain_Boffrand" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1311013" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#d6d6c2; valign=center; padding:1px;"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_orang" title="Infobox orang"><img alt="Infobox orang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Germain Boffrand</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GermainBoffrandPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/GermainBoffrandPortrait.jpg/203px-GermainBoffrandPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/GermainBoffrandPortrait.jpg/305px-GermainBoffrandPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/GermainBoffrandPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="582" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P18" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#d6d6c2;">Biografi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Kelahiran</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">16 Mei 1667 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P569" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P19" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Kematian</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">19 Maret 1754 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P570" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (86 tahun)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P20" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#d6d6c2;">Data pribadi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Pendidikan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q259388" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q259388"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">University of Nantes</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259388?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P69" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#d6d6c2;">Kegiatan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Pekerjaan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Arsitek" title="Arsitek">arsitek</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Penulis" title="Penulis">penulis</a><small></small>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q650012" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q650012"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">engineer of the French Corps of Bridges and Roads</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650012?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><small></small>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1281618" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1281618"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">pemahat</span></a><small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P106" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Murid</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q289220" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q289220"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Étienne-Louis Boullée</span></a> <sup>(mul)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289220?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> dan <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3084473" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3084473"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">François Dominique Barreau de Chefdeville</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3084473?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P802" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#d6d6c2;">Karya kreatif</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavHead" style="background:#eeeeee;text-align:start;">Karya terkenal</div><div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1117166" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1117166"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Château d'Haroué</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117166?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2970803" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2970803"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Château de Thuillières</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2970803?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2633925" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2633925"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Château d'Aulnois d'Aulnois-sur-Seille</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2633925?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2971220" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2971220"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Château de la Favorite</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2971220?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P800" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#d6d6c2;">Keluarga</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Ayah</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107329323" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q107329323"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Jean Boffrand</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107329323?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P22" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="background:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;"><b>Penghargaan</b></div><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li>  <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1311013?uselang=id#P166" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Germain Boffrand</b> merupakan seorang <a href="/wiki/Arsitek" title="Arsitek">arsitek</a> berkebangsaan Prancis. Ia lahir di <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> pada tanggal 16 Mei 1667 dan meninggal di <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> pada tanggal 19 Maret 1754. </p><p>Boffrand adalah cucu Mathurin Boffrand, seorang pelukis dan guru pemahat di <a href="/wiki/Machecoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Machecoul">Machecoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bretagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, putra Jean Boffrand guru pemahat dan arsitek di Nantes, Germain Boffrand adalah putra kedua dari dua belas bersaudara. Selama masa kecilnya, ia ambil bagian dalam pekerjaan ayahandanya yang adalah seorang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raredos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raredos (halaman belum tersedia)">pelukis</a> terkenal dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pays_nantais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pays nantais (halaman belum tersedia)">wilayah Nantes</a>. </p><p>Pada usia remaja, ia belajar di Universitas Nantes, untuk menjadi guru seni seperti saudaranya Guillaume. </p><p>Ia datang ke Paris ditemani oleh ibundanya, saudari penyair Quinault, setelah tahun 1682. Boffrand pertama kali disebutkan di Paris pada tanggal 19 September 1685 di mana ia bersama ibundanya menghadiri pernikahan putri sulung Philippe Quinault dengan Charles Le Brun, keponakan dan putra baptis pelukis besar. </p><p>Baru pada tahun 1686 ia muncul dalam catatan bangunan raja dimana ia bekerja pada rancangan place Vendôme di dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Hardouin-Mansart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Hardouin-Mansart (halaman belum tersedia)">Jules Hardouin-Mansart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kolaborator Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Germain Boffrand adalah salah satu arsitek utama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaya_R%C3%A9gence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaya Régence (halaman belum tersedia)">gaya Régence</a> yang ia bantu ciptakan. Ia berjasa dengan memperkenalkan <a href="/wiki/Rokoko" title="Rokoko">gaya Rokoko</a> di Prancis dengan mengintegrasikannya dengan arsitektur klasik pada akhir pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_dari_Prancis" title="Louis XIV dari Prancis">Louis XIV</a>. Karena ingin mempertahankan monumentalitas klasik, ia berusaha membatasi ornamen Rokoko di apartemen interior, di mana ia menggunakannya dengan penguasaan yang luar biasa. Penulis risalah, <i>Le livre d'architecture</i> (1745), menggambarkan konstruksi utamanya, karya-karya populernya dengan rasa Prancis di Eropa. </p><p>Diperkenalkan oleh pamandanya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Quinault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Quinault (halaman belum tersedia)">Philippe Quinault</a>, dalam lingkungan Istana dan Kota, sejak tahun 1690, ia dihubungkan dengan perintah kerajaan seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orangerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orangerie (halaman belum tersedia)">Orangerie</a> <a href="/wiki/Istana_Versailles" title="Istana Versailles">Istana Versailles</a> dan bekerja di <a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Place Vendôme</a>. Ia meninggalkan Bangunan Raja pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a> dan mulai bekerja untuk pelanggan pribadi terutama di Paris. Pada tahun 1709, ia bertanggung jawab atas dekorasi interior apartemen <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Soubise" title="Hôtel de Soubise">Hôtel de Soubise</a> (pekerjaan dimulai pada tahun 1732) dan membangun kembali <a href="/wiki/Kadipaten_Lorraine" title="Kadipaten Lorraine">Kadipaten Lorraine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastel_Aulnois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastel Aulnois (halaman belum tersedia)">Kastel Aulnois</a> untuk keluarga Armoise. </p><p>Umumnya, Boffrand tidak banyak bekerja untuk raja tetapi untuk pelanggan pribadi yang bersedia menerima keberanian arsitektur yang tidak terpikirkan di gedung-gedung resmi. </p><p>Di luar negeri, Boffrand ikut serta dalam pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Kastil_Lun%C3%A9ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastil Lunéville">Kastil para adipati Lorraine di Lunéville</a> dari tahun 1709 dan dinamai « Arsitek Pertama » adipati <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_I_dari_Lorraine" title="Léopold I dari Lorraine">Léopold I</a> pada tahun 1711. Pada waktu yang sama, ia membangun Markis Armoise, gubernur anak-anak sang adipati, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastel_Aulnois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastel Aulnois (halaman belum tersedia)">Kastel Aulnois</a> di Aulnois sur Seille. Ia juga membangun air mancur dan pondok berburu di taman akstil Elektor <a href="/wiki/Bayern" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayern">Bayern</a> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_Emanuel" title="Maximilian II Emanuel">Maximilian II Emanuel</a> dan bekerja dengan <a href="/wiki/Johann_Balthasar_Neumann" title="Johann Balthasar Neumann">Johann Balthasar Neumann</a> pada tahun 1724 di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kediaman_W%C3%BCrzburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kediaman Würzburg (halaman belum tersedia)">Kediaman Würzburg</a> (1719–1744) . </p><p>Boffrand menjadi anggota <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> pada tanggal 10 Januari 1745. </p><p>Murudi-muridnya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Dominique_Barreau_de_Chefdeville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Dominique Barreau de Chefdeville (halaman belum tersedia)">François Dominique Barreau de Chefdeville</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Louis_Cl%C3%A9risseau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Louis Clérisseau (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles-Louis Clérisseau</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_H%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Emmanuel Héré">Emmanuel Héré</a>, arsitek <a href="/wiki/Place_Stanislas" title="Place Stanislas">Place Stanislas</a> di <a href="/wiki/Nancy" class="mw-disambig" title="Nancy">Nancy</a>. </p><p>Ia meninggal di Paris pada usia hampir 87 tahun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>This article incorporates some material re-edited from French Wikipedia</i></li> <li>Brice, Germain (1725). <i>Nouvelle description de la ville de Paris</i>, 8th edition, vol. 4. Paris: Julien-Michel Gandouin & François Fournier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nouvelledescrip02bricgoog#page/n6/mode/1up">View</a> at Internet Archive.</li> <li>Fiske Kimball, <i>The Creation of the Rococo</i> (Philadelphia Museum of Art) 1943.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/celebrations2004/boffrand.htm">(Ministère de culture) Jean-Pierre Babelon, "Célébrations nationales 2004: Germain Boffrand"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328145605/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/celebrations2004/boffrand.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-03-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Michel Gallet, Jörg Garms (Ed.): <i>Germain Boffrand 1667–1754. L’aventure d’un architecte indépendant.</i> Herscher, Paris 1986.</li> <li>Le Franc Erwann, <i>Les Boffrand: Une dynastie d'artistes nantais au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:S-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:S- (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:S-</a>.</i>, in: <i>Bulletin de la Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Nantes et de Loire-Atlantique</i>, tome 143 (2008), p. 205–220.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ouvrage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Ouvrage (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Ouvrage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.structurae.de/persons/data/index.cfm?ID=d002305">Fiche sur la base Structurae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928043544/http://en.structurae.de/persons/data/index.cfm?ID=d002305">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-09-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (avec portrait)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Babelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Babelon (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean-Pierre Babelon</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/celebrations2004/boffrand.htm">Notice sur Boffrand</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328145605/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/celebrations2004/boffrand.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-03-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Délégation aux célébrations nationales, 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musee-collections.aphp.fr/app/photopro.sk/aphp/doclist?fpsearch=germain+boffrand#sessionhistory-ready">Notice sur Boffrand sur le portail des collections du musée de l'AP-HP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230803041023/https://www.musee-collections.aphp.fr/app/photopro.sk/aphp/doclist?fpsearch=germain+boffrand#sessionhistory-ready">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-08-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Musée de l'AP-HP</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00079883">Notice de classement aux monuments historiques du Grand puits de l'Hospice Bicêtre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328131834/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr%3FACTION%3DCHERCHER%26FIELD_1%3DREF%26VALUE_1%3DPA00079883">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-03-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministère de la Culture (France) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ministère de la culture et de la communication</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recherche.aphp.fr/?id=recherche_grandpublic&keep=search&show_form=1">Archives conservées</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190127111800/http://recherche.aphp.fr/?id=recherche_grandpublic&keep=search&show_form=1">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-01-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. par les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archives_de_l%27AP-HP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archives de l'AP-HP (halaman belum tersedia)">Archives de l'AP-HP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recherche.aphp.fr/?id=recherche_grandpublic&keep=search&show_form=1">sur Germain Boffrand</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190127111800/http://recherche.aphp.fr/?id=recherche_grandpublic&keep=search&show_form=1">Diarsipkan</a> 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title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7440183">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/7440183">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3037350">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb149578633">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb149578633">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a11603951">Catalunya</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The ICCU id UBOV532338 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n86869761">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073188883">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_142921">Vatikan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/3f56e68c-4efe-4219-a3f2-8e3e661ce07e">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/98920">RKD Artists (Belanda)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500018114">Artist Names (Getty)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01451366?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/188055/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A008685485">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030799864">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erwann Le Franc, <i>Les Boffrand: une dynastie d'artistes nantais au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:S-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:S- (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:S-</a></i>, in: <i>Bulletin de la Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Nantes et de Loire-Atlantique</i>, tome 143 (2008), p. 205–220.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&oldid=25149223">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germain_Boffrand&oldid=25149223</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kelahiran_1667" title="Kategori:Kelahiran 1667">Kelahiran 1667</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kematian_1754" title="Kategori:Kematian 1754">Kematian 1754</a></li><li><a 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