CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rowing - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"acae7d6d-6cfc-42a8-949e-5cf44c607600","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rowing","wgTitle":"Rowing","wgCurRevisionId":1269109415,"wgRevisionId":1269109415,"wgArticleId":1505440,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with Italian-language sources (it)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from February 2022","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from February 2022","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024", "Articles that may contain original research from April 2011","All articles that may contain original research","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Rowing","Watercraft","Human-powered transport"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Rowing","wgRelevantArticleId":1505440,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q21368803","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG/1200px-Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="860"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG/800px-Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="573"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG/640px-Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="459"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rowing - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rowing rootpage-Rowing skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rowing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rowing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rowing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rowing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_rowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_rowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History of rowing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_of_rowing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History of rowing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_of_rowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ancient Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Northern Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_rowing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_rowing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of rowing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_rowing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of rowing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_rowing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rearward-facing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rearward-facing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rearward-facing systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rearward-facing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forward-facing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forward-facing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Forward-facing systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forward-facing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rowing_propulsion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rowing_propulsion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rowing propulsion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rowing_propulsion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinction_from_other_watercraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinction_from_other_watercraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distinction from other watercraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinction_from_other_watercraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venetian_rowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venetian_rowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Venetian rowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venetian_rowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Design factors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design_factors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design factors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Width_and_height" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Width_and_height"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Width and height</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Width_and_height-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Weight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Oars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whitehall_rowing_boats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitehall_rowing_boats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Whitehall rowing boats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitehall_rowing_boats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rowing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81_(%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84)" title="تجديف (فعل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجديف (فعل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogar" title="Vogar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vogar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roning" title="Roning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Roning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudern" title="Rudern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rudern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogar" title="Bogar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bogar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boga" title="Boga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3gving" title="Rógving – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rógving" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengayuh" title="Mengayuh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mengayuh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98)" title="חתירה (צורת שיט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חתירה (צורת שיט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="തുഴച്ചിൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുഴച്ചിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_(%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1)" title="ਰੋਇੰਗ (ਖੇਡ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਇੰਗ (ਖੇਡ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="नौकायानक्रीडा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नौकायानक्रीडा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rowing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soutu" title="Soutu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Soutu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%92%E8%88%B9" title="划船 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="划船" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%92%E8%88%B9" title="划船 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="划船" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21368803#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rowing" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rowing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rowing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Rowing" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Rowing" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&oldid=1269109415" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Rowing&id=1269109415&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRowing"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRowing"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rowing&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Watercraft_rowing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21368803" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Act of propelling a boat using oars</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about oar powered propulsion in general. For the sport, see <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing (sport)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rowing (disambiguation)">Rowing (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rowing" title="Special:EditPage/Rowing">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rowing%22">"Rowing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rowing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rowing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rowing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rowing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rowing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy,_rowing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG/220px-Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG/330px-Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG/440px-Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>A rowing dinghy in use</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palokkajarvi_(2095922016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Palokkajarvi_%282095922016%29.jpg/220px-Palokkajarvi_%282095922016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Palokkajarvi_%282095922016%29.jpg/330px-Palokkajarvi_%282095922016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Palokkajarvi_%282095922016%29.jpg/440px-Palokkajarvi_%282095922016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3087" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Typical Finnish rowing boats on the shore of Palokkajärvi, <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/220px--Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm/Rowboat_-_Shakujii_park_-_Tokyo_Japan_-_2022-May-5.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A rowing boat in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmstelRiverRowing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AmstelRiverRowing.jpg/220px-AmstelRiverRowing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AmstelRiverRowing.jpg/330px-AmstelRiverRowing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AmstelRiverRowing.jpg/440px-AmstelRiverRowing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>Three members of a student rowing club in a coxed pair in the <a href="/wiki/Amstel" title="Amstel">Amstel</a> River</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_rowing_sampan_with_her_feet_in_Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province_of_northern_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Woman_rowing_sampan_with_her_feet_in_Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province_of_northern_Vietnam.jpg/220px-Woman_rowing_sampan_with_her_feet_in_Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province_of_northern_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Woman_rowing_sampan_with_her_feet_in_Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province_of_northern_Vietnam.jpg/330px-Woman_rowing_sampan_with_her_feet_in_Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province_of_northern_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Woman_rowing_sampan_with_her_feet_in_Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province_of_northern_Vietnam.jpg/440px-Woman_rowing_sampan_with_her_feet_in_Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province_of_northern_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Woman rowing sampan with her feet in Ninh Bình Province of northern <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rowing</b> is the act of propelling a <a href="/wiki/Human-powered_watercraft" title="Human-powered watercraft">human-powered watercraft</a> using the sweeping motions of <a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">oars</a> to displace water and generate <a href="/wiki/Reaction_(physics)" title="Reaction (physics)">reactional</a> <a href="/wiki/Propulsion" title="Propulsion">propulsion</a>. Rowing is functionally similar to <a href="/wiki/Paddling" title="Paddling">paddling</a>, but rowing requires oars to be mechanically attached to the boat, and the rower drives the oar like a <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">lever</a>, exerting <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> in the <i>same</i> direction as the boat's travel; while <a href="/wiki/Paddle" title="Paddle">paddles</a> are completely hand-held and have no attachment to the boat, and are driven like a <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilever</a>, exerting force <i>opposite</i> to the intended direction of the boat. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="complex_terminology"></span>In some strict terminologies, using oars for propulsion may be termed either "pulling" or "rowing", with different definitions for each. Where these strict terminologies are used, the definitions are reversed depending on the context. On <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">saltwater</a> a "pulling boat" has each person working one oar on one side, alternating port and starboard along the length of the boat; whilst "rowing" means each person operates two oars, one on each side of the boat. On inland waterways, the opposite applies, with "rowing" being where each person in a crew works one oar and "sculling" (especially in <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">sport rowing</a>) involves each participant using a pair of oars. In a maritime setting "sculling" means <a href="/wiki/Stern_sculling" title="Stern sculling">propelling a boat with a single oar operated over the stern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McKee_1983_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKee_1983-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 135">: 135 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Admiralty_1937_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Admiralty_1937-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 226–227">: 226–227 </span></sup> </p><p>This article focuses on the general types of rowing, such as recreation and transport rather than the sport of <a href="/wiki/Competitive_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive rowing">competitive rowing</a> which is a specialized case of <a href="/wiki/Boat_racing" title="Boat racing">boat racing</a> using strictly regulated equipment and a highly refined technique.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_rowing">History of rowing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of rowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Willaerts,_Galley_and_men_of_war.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Abraham_Willaerts%2C_Galley_and_men_of_war.jpeg/220px-Abraham_Willaerts%2C_Galley_and_men_of_war.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Abraham_Willaerts%2C_Galley_and_men_of_war.jpeg/330px-Abraham_Willaerts%2C_Galley_and_men_of_war.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Abraham_Willaerts%2C_Galley_and_men_of_war.jpeg/440px-Abraham_Willaerts%2C_Galley_and_men_of_war.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>A French <a href="/wiki/Galley_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galley (ship)">galley</a> and Dutch <a href="/wiki/Man-of-war" title="Man-of-war">man-of-war</a> off a port</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Egypt">Ancient Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginning of rowing is clouded in history but the use of oars in the way they are used today can be traced back to ancient Egypt. Whether it was invented in Egypt or something learned from Mesopotamia via trade is not known. However, archaeologists have recovered a model of a rowing vessel in a tomb dating back to the 18-19th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The model they found was of a wide boat with shallow bottom, rather like a <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a>, which was designed to float on the shallow rivers of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. Both the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> rivers were part of this region and flowing from the north to the south they quickly became an integral part of the non-nomadic civilizations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rowing vessels, especially <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galleys</a>, were extensively used in <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">naval warfare</a> and trade in the Mediterranean from <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> onward.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Galleys had advantages over <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> ships in light seas with low winds: they were easier to maneuver,<sup id="cite_ref-Weigley_2004_p._133_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigley_2004_p._133-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> capable of short bursts of speed, and able to move independently of the wind. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the classical age of oared galleys, the Greeks dominated the Mediterranean while the Athenians dominated the other Greeks. They used thousands of lower-class citizens to serve as rowers in the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Classical Athens</a>, a leading naval power at the time, rowing was regarded as an honorable profession of which men should possess some practical knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Classical <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">trireme</a> used 170 rowers;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later galleys included even larger crews. Trireme oarsmen used leather cushions to slide over their seats, which allowed them to use their leg strength as a modern oarsman does with a sliding seat. Galleys usually had masts and sails, but would lower them at the approach of combat. Greek fleets would even leave their sails and masts on shore (as being unnecessary weight) if possible.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Europe">Northern Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Northern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of oars in rowing instead of paddling came rather late to northern Europe, sometime between 500 BC-1 AD. This change might have been hastened by the Roman conquest of Northern Gaul. However, between 500 and 1100 AD, combined sailing and rowing vessels dominated trade and warfare in northern Europe in the time that has come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Galleys continued to be used in the Mediterranean until the advent of <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steam propulsion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_rowing_systems">Types of rowing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types of rowing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rowing_305598.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rowing_305598.jpg/280px-Rowing_305598.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rowing_305598.jpg/420px-Rowing_305598.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rowing_305598.jpg/560px-Rowing_305598.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Rearward-facing rowing system</figcaption></figure> <p>In some localities, rear-facing systems prevail. In other localities, forward-facing systems prevail, especially in crowded areas such as in Venice, Italy and in Asian and Indonesian rivers and harbors. This is not strictly an "either-or", because in different situations it's useful to be able to row a boat facing either way. The current emphasis on the health aspects of rowing has resulted in some new mechanical systems being developed, some (such as the Rantilla rowing method) very different from the traditional rowing systems of the past. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rearward-facing_systems">Rearward-facing systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rearward-facing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolt_in_St_Mary%27s_Harbour_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bolt_in_St_Mary%27s_Harbour_02.jpg/280px-Bolt_in_St_Mary%27s_Harbour_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bolt_in_St_Mary%27s_Harbour_02.jpg/420px-Bolt_in_St_Mary%27s_Harbour_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bolt_in_St_Mary%27s_Harbour_02.jpg/560px-Bolt_in_St_Mary%27s_Harbour_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Cornish_pilot_gig" title="Cornish pilot gig">Cornish pilot gig</a>, a single banked boat</figcaption></figure> <p>A seated rower pulls on one or two oars, which lever the boat through the water. The pivot point of the oars (attached solidly to the boat) is the fulcrum for this lever. The person operating the oar is kept in position (when applying maximum force) by a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M%E2%80%93Z)#stretcher" title="Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)">stretcher</a>, a footrest that may be as simple as a wooden bar that can be adjusted by positioning in different pairs of notches in the bottom of the boat. </p><p> Different types of pivot points can be used as a fulcrum for the oar. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thole_pins.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Thole_pins.png" decoding="async" width="194" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>Thole pins in a close up from the picture above</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Thole pins are wooden pegs that are inserted into holes in the top of the <a href="/wiki/Gunwale" title="Gunwale">gunwale</a>. They are often used in pairs, with the oar resting between them. If used singly, the oar bears against the thole pin on the power stroke and is held in place by a leather strop for the return stroke.</li> <li>Oar crutches – commonly called "rowlocks" (see below for the strict definition) are metal fittings, usually U-shaped, with a pin underneath that fits into a metal socket on the gunwale. The oar sits in the U-shaped portion and the oar crutch pivots in the socket whilst in use.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%85rluckor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%C3%85rluckor.JPG/220px-%C3%85rluckor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%C3%85rluckor.JPG/330px-%C3%85rluckor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%C3%85rluckor.JPG/440px-%C3%85rluckor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="2020" /></a><figcaption>A rowlock cut into the washstrake</figcaption></figure></li> <li>A rowlock or oarlock is, in strict terminology, a U-shaped cut-out in the top-most <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M%E2%80%93Z)#strake" title="Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)">strake</a> of the boat's hull – this cut-out is usually in a wash-strake, a strake that sits above the gunwale. (The term rowlock is often applied to an oar crutch.) A rowlock may be closed when, for instance, a boat is being used under sail. Strictly speaking, this is done with a piece called a shutter, which is habitually mistermed a "poppett".</li> <li>An oarport is a hole cut through the side of the hull. The oar has to be passed through this hole when it is needed. A slot may be cut in one part of the hole to allow the blade of the oar to get through (as seen in the <a href="/wiki/Gokstad_ship" title="Gokstad ship">Gokstad ship</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-McGrail_2014a_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrail_2014a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36">: 36 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Admiralty_1937_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Admiralty_1937-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 213–217">: 213–217 </span></sup></li></ul> <p>The traditional terminology, in a strict application, varies between boats operating on salt water and in fresh water. "Rowing" at sea denotes each rower operating a pair of oars, one on each side of the boat. When each person uses a single oar on one side of the boat, that action is termed "pulling". In fresh water terminology, "rowing" is the use of one oar per person, whilst "pulling" denotes each person using two oars.<sup id="cite_ref-McKee_1983_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKee_1983-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 135">: 135 </span></sup> </p><p>Traditional boats propelled by oar are fitted with <a href="/wiki/Thwart" title="Thwart">thwarts</a> - seats that go from one side of the hull to the other, as well as forming part of the hull structure. A boat that is "double banked" has two crew members sitting on each thwart, each pulling an oar on their side of the boat. In a "single banked" boat, there is one person on each thwart pulling one oar. Though there is usually an even number of oars used in single banked boats (alternating port and starboard along the length of the boat) a common exception is the arrangement in many <a href="/wiki/Whaleboat" title="Whaleboat">whaleboats</a>, where five oars were often used, three on one side and two on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-McKee_1983_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKee_1983-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 135">: 135 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ansel_78_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ansel_78-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forward-facing_systems">Forward-facing systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Forward-facing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Canal_-_Rialto_-_Venice_Italy_Venezia_-_Creative_Commons_by_gnuckx_(4972005871).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Grand_Canal_-_Rialto_-_Venice_Italy_Venezia_-_Creative_Commons_by_gnuckx_%284972005871%29.jpg/220px-Grand_Canal_-_Rialto_-_Venice_Italy_Venezia_-_Creative_Commons_by_gnuckx_%284972005871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Grand_Canal_-_Rialto_-_Venice_Italy_Venezia_-_Creative_Commons_by_gnuckx_%284972005871%29.jpg/330px-Grand_Canal_-_Rialto_-_Venice_Italy_Venezia_-_Creative_Commons_by_gnuckx_%284972005871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Grand_Canal_-_Rialto_-_Venice_Italy_Venezia_-_Creative_Commons_by_gnuckx_%284972005871%29.jpg/440px-Grand_Canal_-_Rialto_-_Venice_Italy_Venezia_-_Creative_Commons_by_gnuckx_%284972005871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4072" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">gondola</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Italy propelled with the typical <i>voga alla veneta</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bled_(8898122854).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bled_%288898122854%29.jpg/220px-Bled_%288898122854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bled_%288898122854%29.jpg/330px-Bled_%288898122854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bled_%288898122854%29.jpg/440px-Bled_%288898122854%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>A forward-facing rowing technique used in the Slovenian <a href="/wiki/Pletna" class="mw-redirect" title="Pletna">pletna</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Push rowing</i>, also called <i>back-watering</i> if used in a boat not designed for forward motion, uses regular oars with a pushing motion to achieve forward-facing travel, sometimes seated and sometimes standing. This is a convenient method of manoeuvring in a narrow waterway or through a busy harbour. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">Venetian rowing</a> (<i>voga alla veneta</i>) is the traditional technique in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Italy in which the rower stands up, facing forward and resting a single oar in a special oarlock called <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rcola" title="Fórcola">fórcola</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pletna" class="mw-redirect" title="Pletna">pletna</a> of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> is rowed forward in the standing position with two oars. </p><p>Another system (also called <i>sculling</i>) involves using a single oar extending from the stern of the boat which is moved side to side underwater somewhat like a fish tail, such as the Chinese <i>yuloh</i>, by which quite large boats can be moved.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sampan" title="Sampan">Sampans</a> are rowed by foot in <a href="/wiki/Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninh Bình Province">Ninh Bình Province</a> of northern Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-Pike_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pike-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Intha_people" title="Intha people">Intha people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> row forwards using their legs. </p><p>The "Rantilla" system of frontrowing oars uses <i>inboard mounted oarlocks</i> and a reversing transmission to achieve forward motion of the boat with a pulling motion on the oars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rowing_propulsion">Rowing propulsion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rowing propulsion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rowing is a cyclic (or intermittent) form of propulsion such that in the quasi-steady state the motion of the system (the system comprising the rower, the oars, and the boat), is repeated regularly. In order to maintain the steady-state propulsion of the system without either accelerating or decelerating the system, the sum of all the external forces on the system, averaged over the cycle, must be zero. Thus, the average drag (retarding) force on the system must equal the average propulsion force on the system. The drag forces consist of aerodynamic drag on the superstructure of the system (components of the boat situated above the waterline), as well as the hydrodynamic drag on the submerged portion of the system. The propulsion forces are the forward reaction of the water on the oars while in the water. The oar can be used to provide a drag force (a force acting against the forward motion) when the system is brought to rest. </p><p>Although the oar can be conveniently thought of as a lever with a "fixed" pivot point in the water, the blade moves sideways and sternwards through the water, so that the magnitude of the propulsion force developed is the result of a complex interaction between unsteady fluid mechanics (the water flow around the blade) and solid mechanics and dynamics (the handle force applied to the oar, the oar's inertia and bending characteristic, the acceleration of the boat and so on). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinction_from_other_watercraft">Distinction from other watercraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Distinction from other watercraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rowing_Sport_Oarlock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rowing_Sport_Oarlock.jpg/250px-Rowing_Sport_Oarlock.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rowing_Sport_Oarlock.jpg/375px-Rowing_Sport_Oarlock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rowing_Sport_Oarlock.jpg/500px-Rowing_Sport_Oarlock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>Oars are held in an oarlock at the end of riggers attached to the side of this boat</figcaption></figure> <p>The distinction between rowing and other forms of water transport, such as <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoeing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">kayaking</a>, is that in rowing the oars are held in place at a pivot point that is in a fixed position relative to the boat. This point is the load point for the oar to act as a <a href="/wiki/Lever#Class_2_lever" title="Lever">second-class lever</a> (the blade fixed in the water is the fulcrum). In flatwater rowing, the boat (also called a <i>shell</i> or <i>fine boat</i>) is narrow to avoid <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a>, and the oars are attached to oarlocks ( also called <i>gates</i> ) at the end of <a href="/wiki/Outriggers" class="mw-redirect" title="Outriggers">outriggers</a> extending from the sides of the boat.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Racing boats also have sliding seats to allow the use of the legs in addition to the body to apply power to the oar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venetian_rowing">Venetian rowing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Venetian rowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gondoliere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gondoliere.jpg/220px-Gondoliere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gondoliere.jpg/330px-Gondoliere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gondoliere.jpg/440px-Gondoliere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>A Gondola in Venice</figcaption></figure> <p>In Venice, <a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">gondolas</a> and other similar flat-bottomed boats<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are popular forms of transport propelled by oars which are held in place by an open wooden <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rcola" title="Fórcola">fórcola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Voga alla Veneta</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> technique of rowing is considerably different from the style used in <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">international sport rowing</a>, due to the oarsman facing forward in a standing position. This allows the boat to maneuver very quickly and with agility - useful in the narrow and busy canals of Venice. Competitive <a href="/wiki/Regattas" class="mw-redirect" title="Regattas">regattas</a> are also held using the Venetian rowing technique by using both <a href="/wiki/Gondolas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondolas">gondolas</a> and other types of vessels. </p><p>There are three styles of Venetian rowing, each slightly different. The first consists of a single oarsman with one oar, standing near the stern of the boat where the oar also acts as a rudder. The second style consists of one or two oarsmen, each with two crossed oars (known as <i>a la valesàna</i>). The third style has two or more oarsmen, rowing on alternate sides of the boat.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_factors">Design factors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Design factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The classic shapes of rowing boats reflect an evolution of hundreds of years of trial and error to get a good shape. Some factors to be considered are waterline length, speed, carrying capacity, stability, windage, weight, seaworthiness, cost, waterline beam, the fullness or fineness of the ends, and trim. Design details are a compromise between competing factors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Width_and_height">Width and height</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Width and height"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>If the waterline beam (width) is too narrow the boat will be tender and the occupant at risk of falling out, if the <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> is too wide the boat will be slow and have more resistance to waves. Overall beam (width) is important. If the rowlocks are too close together the oars will be difficult to use. If the rowlocks are too far apart then the boat will be overly large and rowing will be inefficient, wasting a rower's effort. Sometimes on narrow, faster rowing boats for protected waters outriggers are added to increase rowlock separation. </p><p>If the freeboard (height of the gunwale above the waterline) is too high then windage will be high and as a result, the boat will be caught by the wind and the rower will not be able to control the boat in high winds. If the freeboard is too low, water will enter the boat through waves. If the boat is designed for one person then only a single rowing position is required. If the rower is to carry a passenger at the stern than the boat will be stern heavy and trim will be incorrect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Length">Length</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When it comes to how long the rowing boat should be, it is a compromise between two factors that will affect the speed of the boat. If the boat is too short, the boat will reach a very low maximum speed. If the boat is too long, there will be more friction and more wet surface. Therefore, the minimum recommended length should be around 16 feet. If the boat is longer than that recommended length, the boat is usually narrower and although faster will generally be more difficult to balance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weight">Weight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Weight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To have good width and the height that ensures the balance of the rowing boat, a weight can be added in the bow, alternatively, the boat can supply a second rowing position further forward for this purpose. </p><p>There are some advantages and disadvantages that are attributed to the weight of the rowing boat. A very light boat will most likely start to slow down as soon as the oar stroke has ended. In contrast, a heavier boat will likely continue to move forward.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most modern style rowing boats are considerably lighter than traditional clinker-built style.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunnm%C3%B8rsf%C3%A6ring_-_Her%C3%B8y_kystmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sunnm%C3%B8rsf%C3%A6ring_-_Her%C3%B8y_kystmuseum.jpg/220px-Sunnm%C3%B8rsf%C3%A6ring_-_Her%C3%B8y_kystmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sunnm%C3%B8rsf%C3%A6ring_-_Her%C3%B8y_kystmuseum.jpg/330px-Sunnm%C3%B8rsf%C3%A6ring_-_Her%C3%B8y_kystmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sunnm%C3%B8rsf%C3%A6ring_-_Her%C3%B8y_kystmuseum.jpg/440px-Sunnm%C3%B8rsf%C3%A6ring_-_Her%C3%B8y_kystmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A <i>Sunnmørsfæring</i>; a Norwegian four-oared rowing boat, from the region Sunnmøre (Herøy kystmuseum, Herøy, Møre og Romsdal, Norway)</figcaption></figure> <p>Spring in the keel or rocker influences how a rowing boat performs. Longer, slender race boats have less rocker of about 7.6 cm (3 in). A short 2.4-meter (8 ft) pram dinghy has a rocker of 15–18 cm (6–7 in). Boats with less rocker are easier to row and faster in flat or nearly flat water. However, in any waves a boat with 13–15 cm (5–6 in) of rocker will be more seaworthy—rising over waves rather than going through them. A boat with more rocker can change direction easily whereas a straight keel boat will track well in a straight line but resist turning. High sided and fine-ended boats, such as dories, are affected by wind. Their trim can be altered by using a plastic container of water attached to a rope that can be moved to the bow or stern as need be. Long-distance rowers can keep up a steady 20 strokes per minute compared to a racing shell which can be rowed at 30–40 strokes per minute or more by fit athletes (depending on distance and racing circumstances). </p><p>A rower can maintain high stroke-rates per minute for only a brief period. Longer, narrower rowing boats can reach 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) but most rowing boats of 4.3 m (14 ft) can be rowed at 3–4 knots (5.6–7.4 km/h; 3.5–4.6 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many old rowing boats have very full ends (blunt ends); these may appear at first glance to be bad design as it looks slow, not fast. However a full-ended rowing boat will rise to a sea and not dig in as a finer hulled boat might do, thus a compromise needs to be made between the factors of speed and of seaworthiness. This style of rowing boat was designed to carry a bigger load and the full sections gave far more displacement. Also older boats were often very heavily constructed compared to their modern counterpart, hence weighed far more. A rowing boat designed as a tender carrying occupants to a boat on a mooring might tend to be short, whilst a boat for use on rivers and to travel long distances might be long and narrow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oars">Oars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Oars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oars" class="mw-redirect" title="Oars">Oars</a></div> <p>Over time the design, of both the oars and the blades, has significantly changed. Typically, the part of the oars that are inboard of the rowlock have stayed the same length but the outboard part has gotten shorter. The different lengths of the oars affect both the energy that the rower has to put in as well as the performance, in terms of speed of the rowing boat.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A short oar makes quick but short strokes possible. A short oar is easier to use in a narrow creek or a crowded anchorage. This is important in a small tender which may be heavily laden with passengers, limiting the swing of the oars. A short, quick stroke prevents the bow being driven under in choppy waters while heavily laden. Longer oars can be used to produce longer, slower strokes, which are easier to maintain over long distances. Designers may match oar length to the amount of space provided for oar storage in the boat. Wooden oars are generally made of a light, strong wood, such as fir or ash. The blades can either be flat for general use or spooned for faster propulsion. In modern racing boats, oars are created from a composite of materials such as carbon fiber which makes them lightweight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Whitehall_rowing_boats">Whitehall rowing boats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Whitehall rowing boats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whitehall_rowboat" title="Whitehall rowboat">Whitehall rowboat</a></div> <p>The origins of this distinctive and practical craft are unclear. In earlier times, however, builders were often sailors or seafaring men. Successful designs for large and small craft alike evolved slowly and as certain desirable qualities were attained and perfected they rarely changed. </p><p>Some hold that the Whitehall rowing boat design was introduced from England. However the famed nautical historian <a href="/wiki/Howard_I._Chapelle" title="Howard I. Chapelle">Howard I. Chapelle</a>, cites the opinion of the late W. P. Stephens that in New York City there is a Whitehall Street and this was where the Whitehall was first built. Chapelle, Stephens and others agree that the design came into existence some time in the 1820s in New York City, having first been built by navy yard apprentices who had derived their model to some extent from the old naval gig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_and_offshore_rowing" title="Coastal and offshore rowing">Coastal and offshore rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="College rowing">College rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_rowing" title="Ocean rowing">Ocean rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_shell" title="Racing shell">Racing shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowing exercise">Rowing exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_scull" title="Single scull">Single scull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing (sport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculling" title="Sculling">Sculling</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McKee_1983-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKee_1983_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKee_1983_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKee_1983_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcKee1983" class="citation book cs1">McKee, Eric (1983). <i>Working Boats of Britain, Their Shape and Purpose</i> (1997 ed.). London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-277-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-277-3"><bdi>0-85177-277-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+Boats+of+Britain%2C+Their+Shape+and+Purpose&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1997&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-85177-277-3&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Admiralty_1937-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Admiralty_1937_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Admiralty_1937_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Admiralty Manual of Seamanship</i> (1941 ed.). London: HMSO. 1937.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Admiralty+Manual+of+Seamanship&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1941&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speedrower.com/index.htm">"Speed Rower, Competitive Rowing"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speed+Rower%2C+Competitive+Rowing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speedrower.com%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/-q-160iURT694-i0Eo5b8Q">"BBC - A History of the World - Object: Egyptian funerary boat"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+A+History+of+the+World+-+Object%3A+Egyptian+funerary+boat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fahistoryoftheworld%2Fobjects%2F-q-160iURT694-i0Eo5b8Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>1001 Inventions That Changed The World</i>. Hachette India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1001+Inventions+That+Changed+The+World&rft.pub=Hachette+India&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weigley_2004_p._133-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weigley_2004_p._133_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeigley2004" class="citation book cs1">Weigley, R.F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=abPUKDlNmRsC&pg=PA133"><i>The Age of Battles: The Quest for Decisive Warfare from Breitenfeld to Waterloo</i></a>. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Indiana University Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21707-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21707-3"><bdi>978-0-253-21707-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Battles%3A+The+Quest+for+Decisive+Warfare+from+Breitenfeld+to+Waterloo&rft.series=ACLS+Humanities+E-Book&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21707-3&rft.aulast=Weigley&rft.aufirst=R.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DabPUKDlNmRsC%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Lost Technology of Ancient Greek</i>, John R. Hale, Publisher: Scientific American, Vol. 274, No. 5 (MAY 1996), pp. 82-85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargent1927" class="citation journal cs1">Sargent, Rachel L. (1927). "The Use of Slaves by the Athenians in Warfare". <i>Classical Philology</i>. <b>22</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">264–</span>279. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F360910">10.1086/360910</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/262754">262754</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224798329">224798329</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Slaves+by+the+Athenians+in+Warfare&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E264-%3C%2Fspan%3E279&rft.date=1927&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224798329%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F262754%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F360910&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Rachel+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/oxford/culture/2004/02/henley_museum/history_rowing.shtml">"BBC - Oxford Culture - History of rowing and Henley"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+Oxford+Culture+-+History+of+rowing+and+Henley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Foxford%2Fculture%2F2004%2F02%2Fhenley_museum%2Fhistory_rowing.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Athenian Trireme: The History and Reconstruction of an Ancient Greek Warship.</i> J. S. Morrison, J. F. Coates, N. B. Rankov. Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (20 Jul 2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56456-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56456-5">0-521-56456-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56456-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56456-4">978-0-521-56456-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shipfans.blogspot.com.es/2010/04/drakkar-viking-ship-9th-13th-century.html">"Drakkar Viking Ship 9th -13th century"</a>. <i>shipfans.blogspot.com.es</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shipfans.blogspot.com.es&rft.atitle=Drakkar+Viking+Ship+9th+-13th+century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshipfans.blogspot.com.es%2F2010%2F04%2Fdrakkar-viking-ship-9th-13th-century.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGrail_2014a-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGrail_2014a_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrail2014" class="citation book cs1">McGrail, Sean (2014). <i>Early ships and seafaring : European water transport</i>. South Yorkshire, England: Pen and Sword Archaeology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781593929" title="Special:BookSources/9781781593929"><bdi>9781781593929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+ships+and+seafaring+%3A+European+water+transport&rft.place=South+Yorkshire%2C+England&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Archaeology&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781781593929&rft.aulast=McGrail&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ansel_78-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ansel_78_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsel1978" class="citation book cs1">Ansel, Willits Dyer (1978). <i>The Whaleboat : a study of design, construction, and use from 1850 to 1970</i>. [Mystic, Conn.]: Mystic Seaport Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-913372-39-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-913372-39-0"><bdi>0-913372-39-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Whaleboat+%3A+a+study+of+design%2C+construction%2C+and+use+from+1850+to+1970&rft.place=%5BMystic%2C+Conn.%5D&rft.pub=Mystic+Seaport+Museum&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-913372-39-0&rft.aulast=Ansel&rft.aufirst=Willits+Dyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Junks and Sampans of the Yangtze</i> G. R. G. Worcester. Publisher: Naval Institute Press; 1971, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-335-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-335-0">0-87021-335-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-335-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-335-9">978-0-87021-335-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pike-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pike_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Pike2018" class="citation web cs1">Matthew Pike (January 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/asia/vietnam/articles/vietnamese-guides-row-feet/">"How Vietnamese Guides Row With Their Feet"</a>. TheCulturalTrip.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-12</span></span>. <q>They row with their feet. As Mrs. Gấm puts it: "Rowing boat by feet is much quicker and less exhausting than by hands."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Vietnamese+Guides+Row+With+Their+Feet&rft.pub=TheCulturalTrip.com&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft.au=Matthew+Pike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fasia%2Fvietnam%2Farticles%2Fvietnamese-guides-row-feet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atm.ox.ac.uk/rowing/physics/basics.html#section2">"Resistance"</a>. <i>Basic Physics of Rowing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070124175615/http://www.atm.ox.ac.uk/rowing/physics/basics.html#section2">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basic+Physics+of+Rowing&rft.atitle=Resistance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atm.ox.ac.uk%2Frowing%2Fphysics%2Fbasics.html%23section2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vogaveneta.it/barche/index.htm">Le barche</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090717063110/http://www.vogaveneta.it/barche/index.htm">Archived</a> 2009-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at www.vogaveneta.it <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vogaveneta.it/barche/forcola.htm">La forcola - le barche per la Voga alla Veneta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090808012634/http://www.vogaveneta.it/barche/forcola.htm">Archived</a> 2009-08-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at www.vogaveneta.it <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venetia.it/boats/voga_eng.htm">Venetian rowing technique</a> at www.venetia.it</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venetia.it/boats/voga_eng.htm">"Boats - Rowing technique"</a>. <i>www.venetia.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.venetia.it&rft.atitle=Boats+-+Rowing+technique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.venetia.it%2Fboats%2Fvoga_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christinedemerchant.com/boat-styles-rowboat.html">"Rowboats, what makes a good rowboat"</a>. <i>www.christinedemerchant.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.christinedemerchant.com&rft.atitle=Rowboats%2C+what+makes+a+good+rowboat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christinedemerchant.com%2Fboat-styles-rowboat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.virginiarowing.com/sculling-boats.html">https://www.virginiarowing.com/sculling-boats.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Backyard Boatbulder</i>. p 158–160. J. Welsford. Reed. Auckland 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabbéBoucherClanetBenzaquen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Labbé, Romain; Boucher, Jean-Philippe; Clanet, Christophe; Benzaquen, Michael (2019-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1367-2630%2Fab4226">"Physics of rowing oars"</a>. <i>New Journal of Physics</i>. <b>21</b> (9): 093050. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NJPh...21i3050L">2019NJPh...21i3050L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1367-2630%2Fab4226">10.1088/1367-2630/ab4226</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1367-2630">1367-2630</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128299207">128299207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Journal+of+Physics&rft.atitle=Physics+of+rowing+oars&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=093050&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1367-2630%2Fab4226&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128299207%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1367-2630&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019NJPh...21i3050L&rft.aulast=Labb%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Romain&rft.au=Boucher%2C+Jean-Philippe&rft.au=Clanet%2C+Christophe&rft.au=Benzaquen%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1088%252F1367-2630%252Fab4226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Watercraft_rowing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Watercraft rowing">Watercraft rowing</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitman1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pitman, Charles Murray (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rowing"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rowing">"Rowing" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">783–</span>786.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rowing&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E783-%3C%2Fspan%3E786&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Pitman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARowing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human-powered_transport146" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template talk:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human-powered_transport146" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_transport" title="Human-powered transport">Human-powered transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_land_vehicle" title="Human-powered land vehicle">Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedal power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/29er_(bicycle)" title="29er (bicycle)">29er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">Bicycle trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX_bike" title="BMX bike">BMX bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boneshaker (bicycle)">Boneshaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="City bicycle">City bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_bicycle" title="Cruiser bicycle">Cruiser bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross_bicycle" title="Cyclo-cross bicycle">Cyclo-cross bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_bike" title="Downhill bike">Downhill bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enduro_(mountain_biking)" title="Enduro (mountain biking)">Enduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_bar_road_bike" title="Flat bar road bike">Flat bar road bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">Folding bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle" title="Hybrid bicycle">Hybrid bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">Mountain bike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27.5_Mountain_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="27.5 Mountain bike">27.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_track_(mountain_biking)" title="Single track (mountain biking)">Singletrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bike" title="Party bike">Party bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny-farthing" title="Penny-farthing">Penny-farthing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteur_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Porteur bicycle">Porteur bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prone_bicycle" title="Prone bicycle">Prone bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">Recumbent bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle" title="Road bicycle">Road bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)" title="Roadster (bicycle)">Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">Safety bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociable" title="Sociable">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-wheel_bicycle" title="Small-wheel bicycle">Small-wheel bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">Touring bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_bicycle" title="Track bicycle">Track bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_bike" title="Trailer bike">Trailer bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocar" title="Velocar">Velocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocipede" title="Velocipede">Velocipede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velomobile" title="Velomobile">Velomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelie_bike" title="Wheelie bike">Wheelie bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_cycle" title="Ice cycle">ice cycle</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motor</a> assist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedelec" title="Pedelec">Pedelec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">Motorized scooter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treadle power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treadle_bicycle" title="Treadle bicycle">Treadle bicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">Dandy horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">Kick scooter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kickbike" title="Kickbike">Kickbike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kicksled" title="Kicksled">Kicksled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakeboard" title="Brakeboard">Brakeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeboard_(skateboard)" title="Freeboard (skateboard)">Freeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeskates" title="Freeskates">Freeskates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longboard_(skateboard)" title="Longboard (skateboard)">Longboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">Skateboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handcar" title="Handcar">Handcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcycle" title="Handcycle">Handcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobcart" title="Hobcart">Hobcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invalid_carriage" title="Invalid carriage">Invalid carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Row action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_cycle" title="Rowing cycle">Rowing cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pushed/pulled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_transport" title="Baby transport">Baby transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_cart" title="Baggage cart">Baggage cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_chair" title="Bath chair">Bath chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">Cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbed_trolley" title="Flatbed trolley">Flatbed trolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_truck" title="Hand truck">Hand truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_cart" title="Shopping cart">Shopping cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_caddy" title="Shopping caddy">Shopping caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairclimber" title="Stairclimber">Stairclimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretcher" title="Stretcher">Stretcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_wagon" title="Toy wagon">Toy wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelbarrow" title="Wheelbarrow">Wheelbarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">Sled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carried</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">Litter/sedan chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoop_stretcher" title="Scoop stretcher">Scoop stretcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weight shifting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trikke" title="Trikke">Trikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogo_stick" title="Pogo stick">Pogo stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caster_board" title="Caster board">Caster board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakeboard" title="Snakeboard">Snakeboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gravity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_racer" title="Gravity racer">Gravity racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_cart" title="Billy cart">Billy cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboard" title="Snowboard">Snowboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toboggan" title="Toboggan">Toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_toboggan" title="Summer toboggan">Summer toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_biking" title="Gravity biking">Gravity biking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_watercraft" title="Human-powered watercraft">Water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">Kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">Paddleboarding</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rowing</a> (fixed seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(boat)" title="Punt (boat)">Punt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand and foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rowing</a> (sliding seat)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rowing</a> (sliding rigger)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocycle" title="Hydrocycle">Hydrocycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_hydrofoil" title="Human-powered hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedalo" title="Pedalo">Pedalo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amphibious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_cycle" title="Amphibious cycle">Amphibious cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_aircraft" title="Human-powered aircraft">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human-powered_aircraft" title="List of human-powered aircraft">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_helicopter" title="Human-powered helicopter">Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">Ornithopter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-vehicular transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">Inline skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">Roller skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snow and ice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">Ski</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_touring_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine touring binding">Alpine touring skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">Cross-country skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemark_skiing" title="Telemark skiing">Telemark skis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-powered_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal-powered transport">Animal-powered transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-_and_human-powered_vehicle_museums" title="List of bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums">Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_power" title="Human power">Human power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-emissions_vehicle" title="Zero-emissions vehicle">Zero-emissions vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fishing_vessels349" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fishing_vessel_topics" title="Template:Fishing vessel topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fishing_vessel_topics" title="Template talk:Fishing vessel topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing_vessel_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing vessel topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fishing_vessels349" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel#Commercial_vessels" title="Fishing vessel">Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel#Commercial_vessels" title="Fishing vessel">Commercial fishing boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drifter_(fishing_boat)" title="Drifter (fishing boat)">Drifters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">Factory ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_fleet" title="Fishing fleet">Fishing fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">Longliners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">Research vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">Seiners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_trawler" title="Fishing trawler">Trawlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">Whalers</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jangada-Tibau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jangada"><img alt="Jangada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jangada-Tibau.jpg/160px-Jangada-Tibau.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jangada-Tibau.jpg/240px-Jangada-Tibau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jangada-Tibau.jpg/320px-Jangada-Tibau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_fishing_boat" title="Traditional fishing boat">Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_fishing_boat" title="Traditional fishing boat">Traditional fishing boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armadahan" title="Armadahan">Armadahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awang_(boat)" title="Awang (boat)">Awang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_(fishing)" title="Bagan (fishing)">Bagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago_(boat)" title="Bago (boat)">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basnigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Basnigan">Basnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawley" title="Bawley">Bawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigiw" title="Bigiw">Bigiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokkura" title="Bokkura">Bokkura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixham_trawler" title="Brixham trawler">Brixham trawler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFque" title="Caïque">Caïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camakau" title="Camakau">Camakau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Islander" title="Cape Islander">Cape Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasse-mar%C3%A9e#Chasse-marée—boat" title="Chasse-marée">Chasse-marée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhot" title="Chhot">Chhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coble" title="Coble">Coble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">Coracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couta" title="Couta">Couta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currach" title="Currach">Currach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhoni_(fishing_vessel)" title="Dhoni (fishing vessel)">Dhoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogger_(boat)" title="Dogger (boat)">Dogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falku%C5%A1a" title="Falkuša">Falkuša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felucca" title="Felucca">Felucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femb%C3%B8ring" title="Fembøring">Fembøring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferilla" title="Ferilla">Ferilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifie" title="Fifie">Fifie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frejgatina" title="Frejgatina">Frejgatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Sloop" title="Friendship Sloop">Friendship sloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gableboat" title="Gableboat">Gableboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galway_hooker" title="Galway hooker">Galway hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_buss" title="Herring buss">Herring buss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipanitika" title="Ipanitika">Ipanitika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongkong" title="Jongkong">Jongkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangada" title="Jangada">Jangada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkun" title="Junkun">Junkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajjik" title="Kajjik">Kajjik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolae_boat" title="Kolae boat">Kolae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkor_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korkor (boat)">Korkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulibo" title="Kulibo">Kulibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakana">Lakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa-lepa_(dugout_canoe)" title="Lepa-lepa (dugout canoe)">Lepa-lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lis-alis" title="Lis-alis">Lis-alis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londe" title="Londe">Londe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">Lugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzzu" title="Luzzu">Luzzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_boat" title="Mackinaw boat">Mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_(boat)" title="Mayang (boat)">Mayang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_clipper" title="Monterey clipper">Monterey clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobby_(boat)" title="Nobby (boat)">Nobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordland_(boat)" title="Nordland (boat)">Nordland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontang" title="Ontang">Ontang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orembai" title="Orembai">Orembai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owong" title="Owong">Owong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paduwang" title="Paduwang">Paduwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajala_(boat)" title="Pajala (boat)">Pajala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panineman" title="Panineman">Panineman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)">Paopao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patorani" title="Patorani">Patorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelang" title="Pelang">Pelang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perahu_payang" title="Perahu payang">Perahu payang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_boat" title="Peter boat">Peter boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirogue" title="Pirogue">Pirogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poveiro_(boat)" title="Poveiro (boat)">Poveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_boat" title="Pump boat">Pump boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_boat" title="Reed boat">Reed boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandeq" title="Sandeq">Sandeq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salambaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Salambaw">Salambaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampan" title="Sampan">Sampan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgoth" title="Sgoth">Sgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_boat" title="Shad boat">Shad boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixareen" title="Sixareen">Sixareen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smack_(ship)" title="Smack (ship)">Smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneakbox" title="Sneakbox">Sneakbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takia_(watercraft)" title="Takia (watercraft)">Takia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatara_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatara (ship)">Tatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataya" title="Tataya">Tataya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%27a" title="Va'a">Va'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voadeira" title="Voadeira">Voadeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_smack" title="Well smack">Well smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipnol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipnol">Tipnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawl" title="Yawl">Yawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoal" title="Yoal">Yoal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dory_(boat)" title="Dory (boat)">Dories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banks_dory" title="Banks dory">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Ann_dory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Ann dory">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_dory" title="Gloucester dory">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKenzie_River_dory" title="McKenzie River dory">McKenzie River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swampscott_dory" title="Swampscott dory">Swampscott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oyster boats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugeye" title="Bugeye">Bugeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_buy-boat" title="Oyster buy-boat">Buy-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_deadrise" title="Chesapeake Bay deadrise">Deadrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_canoe" title="Log canoe">Log canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungy" title="Pungy">Pungy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_schooners" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyster schooners">Schooners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpie_(boat)" title="Sharpie (boat)">Sharpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_(boat)" title="Skipjack (boat)">Skipjack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_boat_fishing" title="Recreational boat fishing">Recreational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_boat" title="Bass boat">Bass boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farley_Boats" title="Farley Boats">Farley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_boat_builders" title="List of boat builders">Builders and designers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Bolger" title="Phil Bolger">Philip C. Bolger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing_vessels" title="Category:Fishing vessels">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rowing&oldid=1269109415">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rowing&oldid=1269109415</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rowing" title="Category:Rowing">Rowing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Watercraft" title="Category:Watercraft">Watercraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human-powered_transport" title="Category:Human-powered transport">Human-powered transport</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:Articles with Italian-language sources (it)">Articles with Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2022">Articles with dead external links from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2022">Articles needing additional references from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_April_2011" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from April 2011">Articles that may contain original research from April 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 January 2025, at 02:35<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rowing&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rowing</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>16 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-675dcd9464-8vrdc","wgBackendResponseTime":168,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.691","walltime":"0.909","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5198,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":112081,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3222,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":92791,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 769.927 1 -total"," 42.11% 324.237 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.99% 107.675 2 Template:In_lang"," 12.27% 94.476 6 Template:Cite_book"," 10.84% 83.484 5 Template:Navbox"," 9.11% 70.104 1 Template:Human-powered_vehicles"," 7.44% 57.303 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.13% 54.862 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 6.94% 53.428 2 Template:Ambox"," 5.47% 42.125 1 Template:Commons_category-inline"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.399","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23043138,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-nthvz","timestamp":"20250219122722","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rowing","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowing","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q21368803","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q21368803","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-02-14T18:40:05Z","dateModified":"2025-01-13T02:35:53Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Portland_Pudgy_safety_dinghy%2C_rowing.JPG","headline":"act of propelling a boat using the motion of oars in the water"}</script> </body> </html>