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SophiayatiYuhaniz</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Siti SophiayatiYuhaniz"> <meta name="keywords" content="Siti SophiayatiYuhaniz"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Siti SophiayatiYuhaniz"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 71</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Siti SophiayatiYuhaniz</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Metaheuristics Methods (GA and ACO) for Minimizing the Length of Freeman Chain Code from Handwritten Isolated Characters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dewi%20Nasien">Dewi Nasien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Habibollah%20Haron"> Habibollah Haron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20SophiayatiYuhaniz"> Siti SophiayatiYuhaniz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparison of metaheuristic algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), in producing freeman chain code (FCC). The main problem in representing characters using FCC is the length of the FCC depends on the starting points. Isolated characters, especially the upper-case characters, usually have branches that make the traversing process difficult. The study in FCC construction using one continuous route has not been widely explored. This is our motivation to use the population-based metaheuristics. The experimental result shows that the route length using GA is better than ACO, however, ACO is better in computation time than GA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handwriting%20Recognition" title="Handwriting Recognition">Handwriting Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feature%20Extraction" title=" Feature Extraction"> Feature Extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Freeman%20Chain%20Code" title="Freeman Chain Code">Freeman Chain Code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Algorithm%20and%20Ant%20ColonyOptimization." title=" Genetic Algorithm and Ant ColonyOptimization."> Genetic Algorithm and Ant ColonyOptimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/metaheuristics-methods-ga-and-aco-for-minimizing-the-length-of-freeman-chain-code-from-handwritten-isolated-characters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2059</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Knowledge and Attitude among Women and Men in Decision Making on Pap Smear Screening in Kelantan, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Waringin%20Oon">Siti Waringin Oon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rashidah%20Shuib"> Rashidah Shuib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Hawa%20Ali"> Siti Hawa Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nik%20Hazlina%20Nik%20Hussain"> Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juwita%20Shaaban"> Juwita Shaaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harmy%20Mohd%20Yusoff"> Harmy Mohd Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the knowledge and attitude of women and men in decision making on pap smear screening. This qualitative study recruited 52 respondents with 44 women and 8 men, using the purposive sampling with snowballing technique through indepth interviews. This study demonstrates several key findings: Female respondents have better knowledge compared to male. Most of the women perceived that pap smear screening is beneficial and important, but to proceed with the test is still doubtful. Male respondents were supportive in terms of sending their spouses to the health facilities or give more freedom to their wives to choose and making decision on their own health due to prominent reason that women know best on their own health. It is expected that the results from this study will provide useful guideline for healthcare providers to prepare any action/intervention to provide an extensive education to improve people-s knowledge and attitude towards pap smear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Attitude" title="Attitude">Attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pap%20smearscreening.." title=" pap smearscreening.."> pap smearscreening..</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/knowledge-and-attitude-among-women-and-men-in-decision-making-on-pap-smear-screening-in-kelantan-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Study on the Characteristics and Utilization of Sewage Sludge at Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sungai Udang, Melaka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Noorain%20Roslan">Siti Noorain Roslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Salmi%20Ghazali"> Siti Salmi Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norfadhlina%20Muhamed%20Asli"> Norfadhlina Muhamed Asli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The volume of biosolids produced in Malaysia nowadays had increased proportionally to its population size. The end products from the waste treatments were mounting, thus inevitable that in the end the environment will be surrounded by the waste. This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of biosolids to be reused as fertilizer for non-food crop. By varying the concentration of biosolids applied onto the soil, growth of five ornamental plant samples were tested for eight consecutive weeks. The results show that the pH of the soil after the addition of biosolids ranges from 6.45 to 6.56 which is suitable for the plant growth. The soil samples that contains biosolid also show higher amount of macronutrients (N, P, K) and the heavy metals content are significantly increased in the plant however it does not exceed the guidelines drawn by the Environmental Protection Agency. It is also proven that there was only small significant different in the performance of plant growth between biosolids and commercial fertilizer. It can be seen that biosolids was able to perform just as well as commercial fertilizer.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biosolids" title="Biosolids">Biosolids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fertilizer" title=" fertilizer"> fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20chinensis" title=" R. chinensis"> R. chinensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20sludge." title=" waste sludge."> waste sludge.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/study-on-the-characteristics-and-utilization-of-sewage-sludge-at-indah-water-konsortium-iwk-sungai-udang-melaka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Forensic Implications of Blowfly Chrysomya rufifacies (Calliphoridae: Diptera) Development Rates Affected by Ketum Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20R.%20Rashid">A. R. Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Siti"> A. S. Siti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20R.%20Siti"> F. R. Siti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20R.%20Reena"> A. R. Reena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20S.%20S.%20Sharifah"> H. S. S. Sharifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Nurul"> F. Z. Nurul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20A.%20Nazni"> W. A. Nazni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was conducted to examine the effects of ketum extract on development of Chrysomya rufifacies and to analyze the presence of mitragynine in the larvae samples. 110 newly emerged first instar larvae of C. rufifacies were introduced on ketum extract-mixed cow liver at doses of 0, 20, 40 and 60g. Blowfly development rate was determined with 12 hour intervals and mitragynine in larvae was extracted and quantitated. C. rufifacies in control group took about 192 hours to complete their development from first instar larvae to adult blowfly; meanwhile blowfly form from the highest dose of ketum was 264 hours. Mitragynine was detected in all groups of treatment, except for control. In conclusion, the presence of mitragynine in C. rufifacies is affected in delaying development rates of the blowfly for up to 62 hours or 3 days. Chemical analysis of mitragynine from larvae samples showed that this alkaloid present in all specimens analyzed. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chrysomya%20rufifacies" title="Chrysomya rufifacies">Chrysomya rufifacies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ketum" title=" Ketum"> Ketum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mitragynine" title=" Mitragynine"> Mitragynine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Postmortem%20Interval%20%28PMI%29." title=" Postmortem Interval (PMI)."> Postmortem Interval (PMI).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/forensic-implications-of-blowfly-chrysomya-rufifacies-calliphoridae-diptera-development-rates-affected-by-ketum-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Visual Text Analytics Technologies for Real-Time Big Data: Chronological Evolution and Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Azrina%20B.%20A.%20Aziz">Siti Azrina B. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Hafizah%20A.%20Hamid"> Siti Hafizah A. Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New approaches to analyze and visualize data stream in real-time basis is important in making a prompt decision by the decision maker. Financial market trading and surveillance, large-scale emergency response and crowd control are some example scenarios that require real-time analytic and data visualization. This situation has led to the development of techniques and tools that support humans in analyzing the source data. With the emergence of Big Data and social media, new techniques and tools are required in order to process the streaming data. Today, ranges of tools which implement some of these functionalities are available. In this paper, we present chronological evolution evaluation of technologies for supporting of real-time analytic and visualization of the data stream. Based on the past research papers published from 2002 to 2014, we gathered the general information, main techniques, challenges and open issues. The techniques for streaming text visualization are identified based on Text Visualization Browser in chronological order. This paper aims to review the evolution of streaming text visualization techniques and tools, as well as to discuss the problems and challenges for each of identified tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20visualization" title="Information visualization">Information visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=visual%20analytics" title=" visual analytics"> visual analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=visual%20text%20analytics%20tools" title=" visual text analytics tools"> visual text analytics tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=big%20data%20visualization." title=" big data visualization."> big data visualization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/visual-text-analytics-technologies-for-real-time-big-data-chronological-evolution-and-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1002</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Big Data: Big Challenges to Privacy and Data Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Bakar%20Munir">Abu Bakar Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Hajar%20Mohd%20Yasin"> Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Firdaus%20Muhammad-Sukki"> Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper seeks to analyse the benefits of big data and more importantly the challenges it pose to the subject of privacy and data protection. First, the nature of big data will be briefly deliberated before presenting the potential of big data in the present days. Afterwards, the issue of privacy and data protection is highlighted before discussing the challenges of implementing this issue in big data. In conclusion, the paper will put forward the debate on the adequacy of the existing legal framework in protecting personal data in the era of big data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Big%20data" title="Big data">Big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=data%20protection" title=" data protection"> data protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=privacy." title=" privacy."> privacy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/big-data-big-challenges-to-privacy-and-data-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3925</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> The Effects of RCA Clean Variables on Particle Removal Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Kudnie%20Sahari">Siti Kudnie Sahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jane%20Chai%20Hai%20Sing"> Jane Chai Hai Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairuddin%20Ab.%20Hamid"> Khairuddin Ab. Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shrunken patterning for integrated device manufacturing requires surface cleanliness and surface smoothness in wet chemical processing [1]. It is necessary to control all process parameters perfectly especially for the common cleaning technique RCA clean (SC-1 and SC-2) [2]. In this paper the characteristic and effect of surface preparation parameters are discussed. The properties of RCA wet chemical processing in silicon technology is based on processing time, temperature, concentration and megasonic power of SC-1 and QDR. An improvement of wafer surface preparation by the enhanced variables of the wet cleaning chemical process is proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SC-1" title=" SC-1"> SC-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SC-2" title=" SC-2"> SC-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QDR" title=" QDR"> QDR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/the-effects-of-rca-clean-variables-on-particle-removal-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Assessment Methods for Surgical Skill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Nor%20Zawani%20Ahmmad">Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eileen%20Su%20Lee%20Ming"> Eileen Su Lee Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yeong%20Che%20Fai"> Yeong Che Fai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fauzan%20Khairi%20bin%20Che%20Harun"> Fauzan Khairi bin Che Harun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasingly sophisticated technologies have now been able to provide assistance for surgeons to improve surgical performance through various training programs. Equally important to learning skills is the assessment method as it determines the learning and technical proficiency of a trainee. A consistent and rigorous assessment system will ensure that trainees acquire the specific level of competency prior to certification. This paper reviews the methods currently in use for assessment of surgical skill and some modern techniques using computer-based measurements and virtual reality systems for more quantitative measurements <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surgical%20skill" title=" surgical skill"> surgical skill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=checklist" title=" checklist"> checklist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=global%20rating" title=" global rating"> global rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/assessment-methods-for-surgical-skill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Solving Fuzzy Linear and Quadratic Equations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Hadi%20Mashinchi">M. Hadi Mashinchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Reza%20Mashinchi"> M. Reza Mashinchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Mariyam%20H.%20J.%20Shamsuddin"> Siti Mariyam H. J. Shamsuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper a genetic algorithms approach for solving the linear and quadratic fuzzy equations Ãx虄=B虄 and Ãx虄<sup>2</sup> + B虄x虄=C虄 , where Ã, B虄, C虄 and x虄 are fuzzy numbers is proposed by genetic algorithms. Our genetic based method initially starts with a set of random fuzzy solutions. Then in each generation of genetic algorithms, the solution candidates converge more to better fuzzy solution x虄<sub>b</sub> . In this proposed method the final reached x虄<sub>b</sub> is not only restricted to fuzzy triangular and it can be fuzzy number.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20coefficient" title="Fuzzy coefficient">Fuzzy coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20equation" title=" fuzzy equation"> fuzzy equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%0D%0Aalgorithms." title=" genetic algorithms."> genetic algorithms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/a-genetic-algorithm-approach-for-solving-fuzzy-linear-and-quadratic-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Effects of Dust on the Performance of PV Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaharin%20A.%20Sulaiman">Shaharin A. Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haizatul%20H.%20Hussain"> Haizatul H. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nik%20Siti%20H.%20Nik%20Leh"> Nik Siti H. Nik Leh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20S.%20I.%20Razali"> Mohd S. I. Razali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accumulation of dust from the outdoor environment on the panels of solar photovoltaic (PV) system is natural. There were studies that showed that the accumulated dust can reduce the performance of solar panels, but the results were not clearly quantified. The objective of this research was to study the effects of dust accumulation on the performance of solar PV panels. Experiments were conducted using dust particles on solar panels with a constant-power light source, to determine the resulting electrical power generated and efficiency. It was found from the study that the accumulated dust on the surface of photovoltaic solar panel can reduce the system-s efficiency by up to 50%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dust" title="Dust">Dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photovoltaic" title=" Photovoltaic"> Photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20Energy." title=" Solar Energy."> Solar Energy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/effects-of-dust-on-the-performance-of-pv-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13736</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Determinants of Enterprise Risk Management Adoption: An Empirical Analysis of Malaysian Public Listed Firms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nargess%20Mottaghi%20Golshan">Nargess Mottaghi Golshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Zaleha%20Abdul%20Rasid"> Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Purpose:This paper aims to gain insights to the influential factors of ERM adoptions by public listed firms in Malaysia. Findings:The two factors of financial leverage and auditor type were found to be significant influential factors for ERM adoption. In other words the findings indicated that firms with higher financial leverage and with a Big Four auditor are more likely to have a form of ERM framework in place. Originality/Value:Since there are relatively few studies conducted in this area and specially in developing economies like Malaysia, this study will broaden the scope of literature by providing novel empirical evidence.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Enterprise%20risk%20management" title="Enterprise risk management">Enterprise risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=public%20listed%20company." title=" public listed company."> public listed company.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/determinants-of-enterprise-risk-management-adoption-an-empirical-analysis-of-malaysian-public-listed-firms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Safety Practices among Bus Operators during Wee Hour Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.R.%20Osman">M.R. Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Abas"> F. Abas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.S.%20Noh"> M.S. Noh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Mohamad%20Suffian"> A. Mohamad Suffian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Ilhamah"> O. Ilhamah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.Z.%20Zarir"> H.Z. Zarir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.B.%20Wahida"> A.B. Wahida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Noor%20Faradila"> P. Noor Faradila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.F.%20Siti%20Atiqah"> M.F. Siti Atiqah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safety Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP) was developed to help road transportation operators to manage its operation in a systematic and safe manner. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of SHE COP implementation during non-OPS period. The objective of the study is to evaluate the implementations of SHE COP among bus operators during wee hour operations. The data was collected by completing a set of checklist after observing the activities during pre departure, during the trip, and upon arrival. The results show that there are seven widely practiced SHE COP elements. 22% of the buses have average speed exceeding the maximum permissible speed on the highways (90 km/h), with 13% of the buses were travelling at the speed of more than 100 km/h. The statistical analysis shows that there is only one significant association which relates speeding with prior presence of enforcement officers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Safety%20practices" title="Safety practices">Safety practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=speeding" title=" speeding"> speeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wee%20hour." title=" wee hour."> wee hour.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/safety-practices-among-bus-operators-during-wee-hour-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Proposal of Design Method in the Semi-Acausal System Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Junji%20Kaneko">Junji Kaneko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tadayuki%20Kyoutani"> Tadayuki Kyoutani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Ruhana%20Omar"> Siti Ruhana Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study is used as a definition method to the value and function in manufacturing sector. In concurrence of discussion about present condition of modeling method, until now definition of 1D-CAE is ambiguity and not conceptual. Across all the physic fields, those methods are defined with the formulation of differential algebraic equation which only applied time derivation and simulation. At the same time, we propose semi-acausal modeling concept and differential algebraic equation method as a newly modeling method which the efficiency has been verified through the comparison of numerical analysis result between the semi-acausal modeling calculation and FEM theory calculation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=System%20Model" title="System Model">System Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Physical%20Models" title=" Physical Models"> Physical Models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Empirical%20Models" title=" Empirical Models"> Empirical Models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conservation%20Law" title=" Conservation Law"> Conservation Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Differential%20Algebraic%20Equation" title=" Differential Algebraic Equation"> Differential Algebraic Equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Object-Oriented." title=" Object-Oriented."> Object-Oriented.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/proposal-of-design-method-in-the-semi-acausal-system-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Bio-Inspired Generalized Global Shape Approach for Writer Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azah%20Kamilah%20Muda">Azah Kamilah Muda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Mariyam%20Shamsuddin"> Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maslina%20Darus"> Maslina Darus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Writer identification is one of the areas in pattern recognition that attract many researchers to work in, particularly in forensic and biometric application, where the writing style can be used as biometric features for authenticating an identity. The challenging task in writer identification is the extraction of unique features, in which the individualistic of such handwriting styles can be adopted into bio-inspired generalized global shape for writer identification. In this paper, the feasibility of generalized global shape concept of complimentary binding in Artificial Immune System (AIS) for writer identification is explored. An experiment based on the proposed framework has been conducted to proof the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach for off-line writer identification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Writer%20identification" title="Writer identification">Writer identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=generalized%20global%20shape" title=" generalized global shape"> generalized global shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=individualistic" title="individualistic">individualistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pattern%20recognition." title=" pattern recognition."> pattern recognition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/bio-inspired-generalized-global-shape-approach-for-writer-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Recognition of Isolated Handwritten Latin Characters using One Continuous Route of Freeman Chain Code Representation and Feedforward Neural Network Classifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dewi%20Nasien">Dewi Nasien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20S.%20Yuhaniz"> Siti S. Yuhaniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Habibollah%20Haron"> Habibollah Haron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a handwriting recognition problem, characters can be represented using chain codes. The main problem in representing characters using chain code is optimizing the length of the chain code. This paper proposes to use randomized algorithm to minimize the length of Freeman Chain Codes (FCC) generated from isolated handwritten characters. Feedforward neural network is used in the classification stage to recognize the image characters. Our test results show that by applying the proposed model, we reached a relatively high accuracy for the problem of isolated handwritten when tested on NIST database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handwriting%20Recognition" title="Handwriting Recognition">Handwriting Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Freeman%20Chain%20Code%20andFeedforward%20Backpropagation%20Neural%20Networks." title=" Freeman Chain Code andFeedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks."> Freeman Chain Code andFeedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/recognition-of-isolated-handwritten-latin-characters-using-one-continuous-route-of-freeman-chain-code-representation-and-feedforward-neural-network-classifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1822</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Effects of pH, Temperature, Enzyme and Substrate Concentration on Xylooligosaccharides Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20D.%20S.%20Siti-Normah">M. D. S. Siti-Normah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sabiha-Hanim"> S. Sabiha-Hanim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Noraishah"> A. Noraishah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural residue such as oil palm fronds (OPF) is cheap, widespread and available throughout the year. Hemicelluloses extracted from OPF can be hydrolyzed to their monomers and used in production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs). The objective of the present study was to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of OPF hemicellulose by varying pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration for production of XOs. Hemicelluloses was extracted from OPF by using 3 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) at temperature of 40掳C for 4 hrs and stirred at 400 rpm. The hemicellulose was then hydrolyzed using Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase at different pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration. XOs were characterized based on reducing sugar determination. The optimum conditions to produced XOs from OPF hemicellulose was obtained at pH 4.6, temperature of 40掳C , enzyme concentration of 2 U/mL and 2% substrate concentration. The results established the suitability of oil palm fronds as raw material for production of XOs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hemicellulose" title="Hemicellulose">Hemicellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oil%20palm%20fronds" title=" oil palm fronds"> oil palm fronds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trichoderma%0Alongibrachiatum" title=" Trichoderma longibrachiatum"> Trichoderma longibrachiatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=xylooligosaccharides." title=" xylooligosaccharides."> xylooligosaccharides.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/effects-of-ph-temperature-enzyme-and-substrate-concentration-on-xylooligosaccharides-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Free Fatty Acid Assessment of Crude Palm Oil Using a Non-Destructive Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Nurhidayah%20Naqiah%20Abdull%20Rani">Siti Nurhidayah Naqiah Abdull Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Herlina%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Herlina Abdul Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rashidah%20Ghazali"> Rashidah Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noramli%20Abdul%20Razak"> Noramli Abdul Razak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has always been of great interest in the food and agriculture industries. The development of prediction models has facilitated the estimation process in recent years. In this study, 110 crude palm oil (CPO) samples were used to build a free fatty acid (FFA) prediction model. 60% of the collected data were used for training purposes and the remaining 40% used for testing. The visible peaks on the NIR spectrum were at 1725 nm and 1760 nm, indicating the existence of the first overtone of C-H bands. Principal component regression (PCR) was applied to the data in order to build this mathematical prediction model. The optimal number of principal components was 10. The results showed R2=0.7147 for the training set and R2=0.6404 for the testing set.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Palm%20oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NIRS" title=" NIRS"> NIRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=regression." title=" regression."> regression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/free-fatty-acid-assessment-of-crude-palm-oil-using-a-non-destructive-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Development of Extended Trapezoidal Method for Numerical Solution of Volterra Integro-Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuziyah%20Ishak">Fuziyah Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Norazura%20Ahmad"> Siti Norazura Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Volterra integro-differential equations appear in many models for real life phenomena. Since analytical solutions for this type of differential equations are hard and at times impossible to attain, engineers and scientists resort to numerical solutions that can be made as accurately as possible. Conventionally, numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are adapted to solve Volterra integro-differential equations. In this paper, numerical solution for solving Volterra integro-differential equation using extended trapezoidal method is described. Formulae for the integral and differential parts of the equation are presented. Numerical results show that the extended method is suitable for solving first order Volterra integro-differential equations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Accuracy" title="Accuracy">Accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extended%20trapezoidal%20method" title=" extended trapezoidal method"> extended trapezoidal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=numerical%20solution" title=" numerical solution"> numerical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Volterra%20integro-differential%20equations." title=" Volterra integro-differential equations. "> Volterra integro-differential equations. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/development-of-extended-trapezoidal-method-for-numerical-solution-of-volterra-integro-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> The Effectiveness of Bismuth Addition to Retard the Intermetallic Compound Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Siti%20Rabiatull%20Aisha">I. Siti Rabiatull Aisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ourdjini"> A. Ourdjini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Saliza%20Azlina"> O. Saliza Azlina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of this paper is to study the effectiveness of bismuth addition in the solder alloy to retard the intermetallic compound formation and growth. In this study, three categories of solders such as Sn-4Ag-<em>x</em>Cu (<em>x</em> = 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) and Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu-<em>x</em>Bi (<em>x</em> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) were used. Ni/Au surface finish substrates were dipped into the molten solder at a temperature of 180-190 <sup>o</sup>C and allowed to cool at room temperature. The intermetallic compound (IMCs) were subjected to the characterization in terms of composition and morphology. The IMC phases were identified by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), whereas the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe microstructure evolution of the solder joint. The results clearly showed that copper concentration dependency was high during the reflow stage. Besides, only Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub> and Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub> were detected for all copper concentrations. The addition of Bi was found to have no significant effect on the type of IMCs formed, but yet the grain became further refined.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bismuth%20addition" title="Bismuth addition">Bismuth addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intermetallic%20compound" title=" intermetallic compound"> intermetallic compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=morphology." title=" morphology. "> morphology. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/the-effectiveness-of-bismuth-addition-to-retard-the-intermetallic-compound-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Developing OMS in IHL</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suzana%20Basaruddin">Suzana Basaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haryani%20Haron"> Haryani Haron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Arpah%20Noodin"> Siti Arpah Noodin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Managing knowledge of research is one way to ensure just in time information and knowledge to support research strategist and activities. Unfortunately researcher found the vital research knowledge in IHL (Institutions of Higher Learning) are scattered, unstructured and unorganized. Aiming on lay aside conceptual foundations for understanding and developing OMS (Organizational Memory System) to facilitate research in IHL, this research revealed ten factors contributed to the needs of research in the IHL and seven internal challenges of IHL in promoting research to their academic members. This study then suggested a comprehensive support of managing research knowledge using Organizational Memory System (OMS). Eight OMS characteristics to support research were identified. Finally the initial work in designing OMS was projected using knowledge taxonomy. All analysis is derived from pertinent research paper related to research in IHL and OMS. Further study can be conducted to validate and verify results presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=corporate%20memory" title="corporate memory">corporate memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Institutions%20of%20Higher%20Learning" title=" Institutions of Higher Learning"> Institutions of Higher Learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organizational%20memory%20system" title=" organizational memory system"> organizational memory system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=research" title=" research"> research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/developing-oms-in-ihl" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Towards Good Accountability: The Role of Accounting in Islamic Religious Organisations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hasan%20Basri%20Afifuddin">Hasan Basri Afifuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.K%20Siti-Nabiha"> A.K Siti-Nabiha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-profit organizations, especially religious-based institutions, have long played a very important role in society. Nevertheless, scandals such as inefficient management and the use of unlawful fundraising activities have raised questions regarding the governance and accountability of these organizations. As such, the issues have attracted considerable research interest. However, there is still limited research on accountability in religious based organizations, especially in the context of Islamic religious organizations. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues of accounting and accountability in religious organizations, specifically in Islamic religious establishments. The paper starts by looking at the conventional meaning and concept of accountability. This is followed by a discussion of the principles of accountability within the Islamic framework. In so doing, the history of the role of accounting within Muslim society and also the differences between the Islamic and conventional view of accountability are reviewed. Insights gained from previous research on accountability in faith based organizations are also discussed <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Accountability" title="Accountability">Accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=accounting" title=" accounting"> accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=religiousorganization." title=" religiousorganization."> religiousorganization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/towards-good-accountability-the-role-of-accounting-in-islamic-religious-organisations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3750</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Uneven Development: Structural Changes and Income Outcomes across States in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Aiysyah%20Tumin">Siti Aiysyah Tumin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper looks at the nature of structural changes—the transition of employment from agriculture, to manufacturing, then to different types of services—in different states in Malaysia and links it to income outcomes for households and workers. Specifically, this paper investigates the conditional association between the concentration of different economic activities and income outcomes (household incomes and employee wages) in almost four decades. Using publicly available state-level employment and income data, we found that significant wage premium was associated with “modern” services (finance, real estate, professional, information and communication), which are urban-based services sectors that employ a larger proportion of skilled and educated workers. However, employment in manufacturing and other services subsectors was significantly associated with a lower income dispersion and inequality, alluding to their importance in welfare improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Employment" title="Employment">Employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=labour%20market" title=" labour market"> labour market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structural%20change" title=" structural change"> structural change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wages." title=" wages. "> wages. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/uneven-development-structural-changes-and-income-outcomes-across-states-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Multi-threshold Approach for License Plate Recognition System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Norul%20Huda%20Sheikh%20Abdullah">Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farshid%20Pirahan%20Siah"> Farshid Pirahan Siah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nor%20Hanisah%20Haji%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Nor Hanisah Haji Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahnorbanun%20Sahran"> Shahnorbanun Sahran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this paper is to propose an adaptive multi threshold for image segmentation precisely in object detection. Due to the different types of license plates being used, the requirement of an automatic LPR is rather different for each country. The proposed technique is applied on Malaysian LPR application. It is based on Multi Layer Perceptron trained by back propagation. The proposed adaptive threshold is introduced to find the optimum threshold values. The technique relies on the peak value from the graph of the number object versus specific range of threshold values. The proposed approach has improved the overall performance compared to current optimal threshold techniques. Further improvement on this method is in progress to accommodate real time system specification.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-threshold%20approach" title="Multi-threshold approach">Multi-threshold approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=license%20plate%20recognition%20system." title=" license plate recognition system."> license plate recognition system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/multi-threshold-approach-for-license-plate-recognition-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Development of Knowledge Portal using Open Source Tools: A Case Study of FIIT, UNISEL</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Razia%20Mohd%20Suradi">Nur Razia Mohd Suradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hema%20Subramaniam"> Hema Subramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marina%20Hassan"> Marina Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Fatimah%20Omar"> Siti Fatimah Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge sharing culture contributes to a positive working environment. Currently, there is no platform for the Faculty of Industrial Information Technology (FIIT), Unisel academic staff to share knowledge among them. As it is done manually, the sharing process is through common meeting or by any offline discussions. There is no repository for future retrieval. However, with open source solution the development of knowledge based application may reduce the cost tremendously. In this paper we discuss about the domain on which this knowledge portal is being developed and also the deployment of open source tools such as JOOMLA, PHP programming language and MySQL. This knowledge portal is evidence that open source tools also reliable in developing knowledge based portal. These recommendations will be useful to the open source community to produce more open source products in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge%20management" title="Knowledge management">Knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Portal" title=" Portal"> Portal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ContentManagement" title=" ContentManagement"> ContentManagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=JOOMLA." title=" JOOMLA."> JOOMLA.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/development-of-knowledge-portal-using-open-source-tools-a-case-study-of-fiit-unisel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Radiation Effect on Unsteady MHD Flow over a Stretching Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zanariah%20Mohd%20Yusof">Zanariah Mohd Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Khuzaimah%20Soid"> Siti Khuzaimah Soid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Sukri%20Abd%20Aziz"> Ahmad Sukri Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seripah%20Awang%20Kechil"> Seripah Awang Kechil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a continuously stretching surface in the presence of radiation is examined. By similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are transformed to a set of ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions are obtained by employing the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method scheme with shooting technique in Maple software environment. The effects of unsteadiness parameter, radiation parameter, magnetic parameter and Prandtl number on the heat transfer characteristics are obtained and discussed. It is found that the heat transfer rate at the surface increases as the Prandtl number and unsteadiness parameter increase but decreases with magnetic and radiation parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnetohydrodynamics" title=" magnetohydrodynamics"> magnetohydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unsteadiness." title=" unsteadiness."> unsteadiness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/radiation-effect-on-unsteady-mhd-flow-over-a-stretching-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2675</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Design and Implementation of Active Radio Frequency Identification on Wireless Sensor Network-Based System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Che%20Z.%20Zulkifli">Che Z. Zulkifli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nursyahida%20M.%20Noor"> Nursyahida M. Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20N.%20Semunab"> Siti N. Semunab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shafawati%20A.%20Malek"> Shafawati A. Malek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensors, also known as wireless sensor nodes, have been making a significant impact on human daily life. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are two complementary technologies; hence, an integrated implementation of these technologies expands the overall functionality in obtaining long-range and real-time information on the location and properties of objects and people. An approach for integrating ZigBee and RFID networks is proposed in this paper, to create an energy-efficient network improved by the benefits of combining ZigBee and RFID architecture. Furthermore, the compatibility and requirements of the ZigBee device and communication links in the typical RFID system which is presented with the real world experiment on the capabilities of the proposed RFID system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mesh%20network" title="Mesh network">Mesh network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title=" wireless sensor network"> wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zigbee." title=" zigbee."> zigbee.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/design-and-implementation-of-active-radio-frequency-identification-on-wireless-sensor-network-based-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Directors- Islamic Code of Ethics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Saiful%20Azlin%20Puteh%20Salin">Ahmad Saiful Azlin Puteh Salin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norlela%20Kamaludin"> Norlela Kamaludin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Khadijah%20Ab%20Manan"> Siti Khadijah Ab Manan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Shatari%20Abdul%20Ghafar"> Mohd Shatari Abdul Ghafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses a new model of Islamic code of ethics for directors. Several corporate scandals and local (example Transmile and Megan Media) and overseas corporate (example Parmalat and Enron) collapses show that the current corporate governance and regulatory reform are unable to prevent these events from recurring. Arguably, the code of ethics for directors is under research and the current code of ethics only concentrates on binding the work of the employee of the organization as a whole, without specifically putting direct attention to the directors, the group of people responsible for the performance of the company. This study used a semi-structured interview survey of well-known Islamic scholars such as the Mufti to develop the model. It is expected that the outcome of the research is a comprehensive model of code of ethics based on the Islamic principles that can be applied and used by the company to construct a code of ethics for their directors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Code%20of%20ethics" title="Code of ethics">Code of ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=director" title=" director"> director</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/directors-islamic-code-of-ethics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1940</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Age-Based Interface Design for Children鈥檚 CAPT Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saratu%20Yusuf%20Ilu">Saratu Yusuf Ilu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mumtaz%20B.%20Mustafa"> Mumtaz B. Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Salwah%20Salim"> Siti Salwah Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehdi%20Malekzadeh"> Mehdi Malekzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Children today use computer based application in various activities especially for learning and education. Many of these tools and application such as the Computer Aided Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems enable children to explore and experience them with little supervision from the adults. In order for these tools and application to have maximum effect on the children’s learning and education, it must be attractive to the children to use them. This could be achieved with the proper user interface (UI) design. As children grow, so do their ability, taste and preferences. They interact differently with these applications as they grow older. This study reviews several articles on how age factors influence the UI design. The review focuses on age related abilities such as cognitive, literacy, concentration and feedback requirement. We have also evaluated few of existing CAPT systems and determine the influence of age-based factors on the interface design.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Children" title="Children">Children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=age-based%20interaction" title=" age-based interaction"> age-based interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=learning%20application" title=" learning application"> learning application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=age-based%20UI." title=" age-based UI."> age-based UI.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/age-based-interface-design-for-childrens-capt-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1992</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Adsorption of Textile Reactive Dye by Palm Shell Activated Carbon: Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Maryam%20Rusly">Siti Maryam Rusly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaliza%20Ibrahim"> Shaliza Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The adsorption of simulated aqueous solution containing textile remazol reactive dye, namely Red 3BS by palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) as adsorbent was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken design in three most important operating variables; initial dye concentration, dosage of adsorbent and speed of impeller was employed for experimental design and optimization of results. The significance of independent variables and their interactions were tested by means of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits. Model indicated that with the increasing of dosage and speed give the result of removal up to 90% with the capacity uptake more than 7 mg/g. High regression coefficient between the variables and the response (R-Sq = 93.9%) showed of good evaluation of experimental data by polynomial regression model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adsorption" title="Adsorption">Adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Box-Behnken%20Design" title=" Box-Behnken Design"> Box-Behnken Design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Palm%20ShellActivated%20Carbon" title=" Palm ShellActivated Carbon"> Palm ShellActivated Carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Red%203BS" title=" Red 3BS"> Red 3BS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RSM." title=" RSM."> RSM.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/adsorption-of-textile-reactive-dye-by-palm-shell-activated-carbon-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1999</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Optimal Embedded Generation Allocation in Distribution System Employing Real Coded Genetic Algorithm Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Herwan%20Sulaiman">Mohd Herwan Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Omar%20Aliman"> Omar Aliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Rafidah%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Siti Rafidah Abdul Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a new methodology for the optimal allocation and sizing of Embedded Generation (EG) employing Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) to minimize the total power losses and to improve voltage profiles in the radial distribution networks. RCGA is a method that uses continuous floating numbers as representation which is different from conventional binary numbers. The RCGA is used as solution tool, which can determine the optimal location and size of EG in radial system simultaneously. This method is developed in MATLAB. The effect of EG units- installation and their sizing to the distribution networks are demonstrated using 24 bus system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Embedded%20generation%20%28EG%29" title="Embedded generation (EG)">Embedded generation (EG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=load%20flow%20study" title=" load flow study"> load flow study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimal%20allocation" title="optimal allocation">optimal allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=real%20coded%20genetic%20algorithm%20%28RCGA%29." title=" real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA)."> real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9854/optimal-embedded-generation-allocation-in-distribution-system-employing-real-coded-genetic-algorithm-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9854/apa" 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