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https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-768x346.jpg 768w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1536x691.jpg 1536w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-400x180.jpg 400w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare.jpg 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> <img width="768" height="346" src="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-768x346.jpg" class="mobile" alt="" loading="eager" decoding="async" srcset="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-768x346.jpg 768w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-300x135.jpg 300w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1536x691.jpg 1536w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1920x864.jpg 1920w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-400x180.jpg 400w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare.jpg 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> <img width="400" height="180" src="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-400x180.jpg" class="mobile-small" alt="" loading="eager" decoding="async" srcset="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-400x180.jpg 400w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-300x135.jpg 300w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-768x346.jpg 768w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1536x691.jpg 1536w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare-1920x864.jpg 1920w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-vsquare.jpg 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /> <div class="title"> <div class="tags-post"> <a href="https://vsquare.org/tag/russian-influence/">#RUSSIAN INFLUENCE</a> </div> <h1 class="many">Polish Businessman Makes Millions From Firm that Deals With Putin’s Russia</h1> </div> </section> <section class="section-desc"> <div class="container"> <div class="left-column"> <div class="details"> <b></b> <small>Roman Katin (iStories)<br>Daniel Flis (FRONTSTORY.PL)<br>in cooperation with OCCRP<br><br>Cover illustration: James O'Brien (OCCRP)</small> <small>2024-05-28</small> <div class="category"> <a href="https://vsquare.org/category/investigations/"> <small>Investigations</small> </a> <a class="sub-category" href="https://vsquare.org/category/investigations/republications/"> <small>More From Our Partners</small> </a> </div> <div class="social-media"> <a class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://vsquare.org/andre-mankowski-amt-poland-russia-szczawnica-sanctions/" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.href, '', 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class="email" href="126"> <img src="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/themes/vsquare/img/email.svg" alt="Email"> </a> </div> </div> <p><b>Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the name of blue-blooded Polish businessman Andre Mankowski has disappeared from the website of the Moscow-based IT company AMT Group, where he was formerly listed as president. Yet reporters found the EU citizen has continued to make money from the firm, which does business with Putin’s sanctioned regime.</b></p> <div id="playht-iframe-wrapper" style="display:flex; max-height:90px; justify-content:center"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" class="playht-iframe-player" data-appId="oLgMbqUZR1d" article-url="https://vsquare.org/?p=5059" data-voice="en-US-JennyNeural" src="https://play.ht/embed/?article_url=https://vsquare.org/?p=5059&voice=en-US-JennyNeural&config={"width":"100%","height":"90px","alignment":"center","title":"Audio","message":"Hello","download_text_button":"Download"}" width="100%" height="90px" style="max-height:90px"> </iframe> </div> <div class="module-item highlighted-text"> <p><b>Key Points:</b></p> <ul> <li aria-level="1"><b>Polish businessman Andre Mankowski, who is also a French citizen, has received payments worth almost $3 million in the past two years from Moscow-based companies AMT Group and AMT Group Telecom.</b></li> </ul> <ul> <li aria-level="1"><b>AMT Group has continued to do business with banks and other entities under U.S. and European sanctions since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. </b></li> </ul> <ul> <li aria-level="1"><b>Mankowski founded AMT Group in the 1990s and was listed as its owner in public documents as recently as 2019. The company’s current ownership, however, could not be confirmed. </b></li> <li aria-level="1"><b>In the past two decades the Mankowski family, which is descended from Polish aristocracy, has poured money into a spa resort in the mountains of southern Poland. They deny any of the funds have come from AMT Group. </b></li> </ul> </div><div class="module-item desc"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Two months after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Andre Mankowski’s name disappeared from the website of AMT Group, the technology company where he was formerly listed as president. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The businessman, who is the descendant of a Polish aristocrat, founded the Moscow-based firm in the mid-1990s. It has since become one of Russia’s largest IT systems integration companies, scoring a host of government contracts – including with units of the Ministry of Defense, the intelligence service, and the security services – and winning the trust of the administration of Russian President Vladimir Putin. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As Russia became mired in its war in Ukraine, sparking a massive expansion of U.S. and EU sanctions, the change on AMT Group’s website suggested Mankowski, now 77 years old, might be stepping back. As a Russian company, AMT Group was free to do business with sanctioned clients – but Mankowski, a Polish and French citizen, was not. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, a joint investigation by OCCRP partners iStories and FRONTSTORY.PL found that Mankowski continued to earn money from the firm as it serviced big-hitting clients linked to Putin and the Russian state, even after many of them were subject to U.S. and EU sanctions. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reporters from iStories discovered that recent clients of AMT Group include sanctioned banks, an electronics manufacturer for the Russian defense industry, a nuclear munitions manufacturer, and financial institutions run by Putin’s closest friends.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to financial data obtained by iStories, between 2022 and 2024 Mankowski himself received at least 250 million rubles ($2.8 million at the current exchange rate) from AMT Group. He also received 27 million rubles ($300,000) from an affiliated company called AMT Group Telecom. The data doesn’t detail the purpose of the payments, including whether they consisted of dividends or some other arrangement.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While Mankowski was listed as the owner of AMT Group in Russian and UK commercial registries in 2019, the firm does not disclose its shareholders to the public and reporters could not confirm its current ownership status.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If Mankowski were to be the beneficial owner of a company that supports Russia’s war machine, that would be a violation of EU sanctions, said Kinga Redłowska, an expert on illicit finance with the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) think tank.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The EU can also impose sanctions on “an individual who supports the Russian regime directly or through business entities that it controls or of which it is the beneficial owner,” she said. “If that doesn’t happen for some reason, Poland could include such a company on its sanctions list.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">How or where Mankowski has invested money earned through the profitable AMT Group is unclear. But he and his family are best known in Poland for pouring funds into a passion project in the country’s south: the historic spa town of Szczawnica. </span></p> <div id="attachment_5063" style="width: 1010px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5063" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-5063" src="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/park-mankowski.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="667" srcset="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/park-mankowski.jpg 1000w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/park-mankowski-300x200.jpg 300w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/park-mankowski-768x512.jpg 768w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/park-mankowski-400x267.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5063" class="wp-caption-text">A park owned by the Mankowski family in Szczawnica. Photo: FRONTSTORY.PL</p></div> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 2005, a management company now chaired by Mankowski took charge of the town’s resort, which once belonged to his grandfather but had been nationalized after World War II. Over the past 20 years, the management company, called Thermaleo, has sunk millions into property development in the mountain town. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When reached for comment, Thermaleo denied that any investment in the resort town came from AMT Group, saying that it has been financed by Mankowski’s “assets,” without specifying further.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“No funds for investment in Szczawnica came from AMT Group or its companies. The funds came directly from the assets of Andrzej Mankowski. Whether they were his savings or came from current income was of little importance. As far as I am aware, no transfer was questioned by a Polish bank,” the company told FRONTSTORY.PL through a lawyer.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mankowski and AMT Group did not respond to detailed questions sent by reporters. </span></p> <h2><b>From Crepes To Kremlin Contracts </b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Born </span><a href="https://rejestr.io/osoby/975210/andrzej-mankowski"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Andrzej</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, Mankowski now uses the name </span><a href="https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03220753/persons-with-significant-control"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Andre</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on company documents outside Poland. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to family lore, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">despite his aristocratic background he once scraped a living as a young man on the streets of Paris. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">“When Jędrek [diminutive for Andrzej] left, he was earning money in Paris making crepes in a street stall,” one of his relatives told FRONTSTORY.PL.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">But his fortunes soon changed. After finishing his business and technical studies in France, Mankowski landed a job in 1974 in the fledgling computer industry with the French company Bull, according to his archived biography on AMT Group’s website. He later rose up the ranks of the leading U.S. firm Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), whose computers were famously smuggled into the Soviet Union and copied to create the first Soviet computers.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Around the time of the USSR’s collapse, Mankowski became DEC’s commercial director in Russia, before going on to set up AMT Group, which was registered in France in 1994 and in Russia in 1995. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">By the time Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, the company had a long track record of winning lucrative government contracts, including for entities under Russia’s Defense Ministry, the military unit of the Federal Security Service (FSB), and the Russian Intelligence Service (SVR).</span></p> <div id="attachment_5065" style="width: 1034px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5065" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-5065" src="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1080px-Moscow_Frunzenskaya_Embankment_at_Pushkinsky_Bridge_08-2016-1024x683.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="683" srcset="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1080px-Moscow_Frunzenskaya_Embankment_at_Pushkinsky_Bridge_08-2016-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1080px-Moscow_Frunzenskaya_Embankment_at_Pushkinsky_Bridge_08-2016-300x200.jpg 300w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1080px-Moscow_Frunzenskaya_Embankment_at_Pushkinsky_Bridge_08-2016-768x512.jpg 768w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1080px-Moscow_Frunzenskaya_Embankment_at_Pushkinsky_Bridge_08-2016-400x267.jpg 400w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1080px-Moscow_Frunzenskaya_Embankment_at_Pushkinsky_Bridge_08-2016.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5065" class="wp-caption-text">Russian Ministry of Defence. Photo: A.Savin / Wikimedia Commons</p></div> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Between 2004 and 2022, AMT Group earned at least 17.5 billion rubles ($473 million) through contracts with state-owned entities and state-controlled organizations in Russia, including banks and companies, according to procurement data.</span></p> </div><div class="module-item highlighted-text"> <h2><b>AMT Group’s Journey to the Heart of the Russian State</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">AMT Group’s first major government contract listed in available public procurement data dates back to 2004, when the Russian Federal Treasury employed the firm to create a communications network, in a deal worth more than seven billion rubles (over $269 million).</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The company has been contracted to work in some of the most sensitive areas of the Russian state ever since. Between 2009 and 2013 it supplied routers, encryption support, and security elements of vote-counting systems to entities under the Federal Informatization Center of Russia’s Central Election Commission. It also supplied mobile phone-blocking equipment to the military unit of the FSB and equipment for the Federal Guard Service, which provides protection for the political elite. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The company supplied software for the Interior Ministry’s main internal army control center, and implemented a radio network control system for branches of the state broadcaster.</span></p> </div><div class="module-item desc"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mankowski appears to have had personal connections with senior Russian officials at some of the state organizations where AMT Group won business contracts. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Documents leaked to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists show Mankowski co-owned the British Virgin Islands-registered Stenson Corporation in 2006 with Sergey Yurchuk, the then 22-year-old son of a major general with the Russian Customs Service, who held a senior role in a unit responsible for IT security. Between 2007 and 2020, Mankowski’s AMT Group earned more than half a billion rubles (around $5.5 million at the current exchange rate) from contracts with the Customs Service and its structures. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">AMT Group also signed contracts worth </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">around</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> two billion rubles (around $21 million at the current exchange rate) with the Moscow City Government’s IT department between 2011 and 2022, a time when Kirill Gusarov, who had previously worked for Mankowski at AMT Group, headed the department’s procurement section.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Yurchuk and Gusarov did not respond to requests to comment. </span></p> <h2><b>Loyalty To Sanctioned Clients </b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Mankowski has received 50 payments amounting to the equivalent of $3 million from AMT Group and a related Russia-based company called AMT Group Telecom, according to financial data seen by iStories. The payments, more than 90 percent of which came from AMT Group, ranged from 400,000 to 26 million rubles (approximately $4,000 to $290,000 at the current exchange rate).</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The data also shows that in the five years prior to the invasion, Mankowski had been paid a total of 814 million rubles (around $9 million at the current exchange rate) by both companies. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While Mankowski is publicly listed as owning 49 percent of the affiliated AMT Group Telecom (Russia’s registry of commerce lists Mankowski as owning 49 percent AMT Group Telecom via a Cyprus-based company called BE2C Services Ltd; he is also listed as the firm’s general director), AMT Group’s ownership is opaque. Mankowski’s UK-based firm Interworking Data Com was, prior to its dissolution in 2019, listed in public documents as owning 100 percent of the company. Since then, AMT Group’s owners have not been named. The company is listed as a “non-public joint stock company,” a form of Russian entity which is not obliged to disclose ownership information publicly. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">What is clear is that AMT Group has prospered from contracts with sanctioned entities since the 2022 invasion, including a developer of nuclear warheads, a producer of technology for military aircrafts, and Russia’s largest insurer. </span></p> </div><div class="module-item expand"> <strong>AMT Group’s Deals with Russia’s Sanctioned Companies and Banks <b>[EXPAND]</b></strong> <div class="content"><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reporters found that AMT Group has received millions of dollars from the following sanctioned entities since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. </span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Four days after Russia’s assault, AMT Group received more than 400,000 rubles (around $6,000) for providing technical support to a “corporate network quality control system” from the state-owned manufacturer Ryazan Instrument-Making Enterprise, which produces radar stations and other technology for military aircrafts and has been under U.S. sanctions since 2016.<br /> </span>Ryazan Instrument Enterprise belongs to Russia’s state-owned corporation Rostec, which oversees the research and development of the country’s military technology and is headed by Putin’s longtime friend Sergei Chemezov, who has been under U.S. and EU sanctions since 2014. The transfer from Ryazan Instrument Enterprise to AMT Group came via Novikombank, which primarily runs defense industry transactions and was sanctioned by the U.S. just days earlier.</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In July 2022, the All-Russian Automation Research Institute, a developer of nuclear warheads which has been on the European and U.S. sanctions list since the outbreak of the war, paid AMT Group more than one million rubles ($19,000) in a “goods supply” contract. Reporters were unable to determine what exactly the contract referred to.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Russia’s largest insurer SOGAZ, which has been under EU sanctions since the full-scale invasion, paid AMT Group over three million rubles ($55,000) in 2022, including for contracts to maintain its telecommunications network. Yuri Kovalchuk, another sanctioned friend of Putin, has a large stake in the company, according to </span><a href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/yuri-kovalchuk/?sh=14be3e8b1aae"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Forbes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AMT Group has also received more than 300 million rubles (around $3.5 million) from state-controlled VTB since the bank was sanctioned in the first half of 2022. Of that total, 42 million rubles (almost $480,000) was a down payment for the AMT Group to supply software and hardware made by U.S. computer security company Gigamon. When reached for comment, Gigamon’s vice president of marketing said the company “fully complies with all US sanctions programs” and that it ceased all sales into Russia after the February 2022 invasion.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State-controlled and sanctioned Otkritie Bank, which was taken over by VTB in 2022, paid AMT Group more than 130 million rubles (around $1.9 million) in 2022,</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> including payments for supplying and providing technical support for equipment made by the US company Cisco in the bank’s IT infrastructure. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">After the war broke out, Cisco announced it was leaving Russia, but was previously a longstanding official partner of AMT Group in Russia.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">SMP Bank, which has been subject to U.S. sanctions since 2014, paid AMT Group more than 700,000 rubles (around $10,000) </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">in 2022 for services based on 2021 contracts </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. One of the payments was for technical and service support for the hardware and software complex of Check Point Software Technologies, a U.S.-based IT security company. When reached for comment, a representative from Checkpoint said the company “strictly adheres to all international sanctions regulations and policies,” and that the company had no internal records of the services AMT Group provided to SMP Bank in December 2021. </span>SMP bank was previously owned by sanctioned oligarchs and friends of Putin, Arkady and Boris Rotenberg, who recently sold the bank to state-owned Promsvyazbank.</li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ryazan Instrument Enterprise, All-Russian Automation Research Institute, SOGAZ, Cisco, Otkritie Bank, and VTB did not respond to requests to comment. </span></p> </div> </div><div class="module-item desc"> <h2><b>The Mankowski Family’s Debt-hit Spa </b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Polish spa town of Szczawnica, nestled in the lush Pieniny mountains and famed for its curative mineral-rich waters, seems a world away from Moscow. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">But one of its biggest employers is Andre Mankowski’s family, which has poured millions of dollars into the town since 2005, when it became the majority shareholder of the town’s historic spa, a sweeping resort featuring hotels, cafes, and health facilities. </span></p> <div id="attachment_5062" style="width: 1010px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5062" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-5062" src="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/spa-museum.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="624" srcset="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/spa-museum.jpg 1000w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/spa-museum-300x187.jpg 300w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/spa-museum-768x479.jpg 768w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/spa-museum-400x250.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5062" class="wp-caption-text">Szczawnica’s spa museum. Photo: FRONTSTORY.PL</p></div> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Andre Mankowski’s grandfather Count Adam Stadnicki had acquired the resort in 1909, but it was nationalized after World War II. Over time, it began to deteriorate and in the late 1990s, Stadnicki’s heirs began to demand its return. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 2005, the family reached a settlement with Poland’s government: the majority of the shares in the spa, and the extensive plots and properties that belonged to it, would be handed over to a management company called Thermaleo chaired by Andre Mankowski’s son at the time, on the condition that the company invest 10 million Polish złoty</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">($3 million) in the site.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since then the company has put much more into Szczawnica than originally promised, with Thermaleo and its subsidiaries now running a range of real estate properties in the town, including a string of high-end hotels, a sanatorium offering health treatments, a “water pump room” where the town’s mineral waters can be consumed, and a horse stud farm.</span></p> </div><div class="module-item iframe"> <iframe src='https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/18134923/embed' title='Interactive or visual content' class='flourish-embed-iframe' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' style='width:100%;height:600px;' sandbox='allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation'></iframe><div style='width:100%!;margin-top:4px!important;text-align:right!important;'><a class='flourish-credit' href='https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/18134923/?utm_source=embed&utm_campaign=visualisation/18134923' target='_top' style='text-decoration:none!important'><img alt='Made with Flourish' src='https://public.flourish.studio/resources/made_with_flourish.svg' style='width:105px!important;height:16px!important;border:none!important;margin:0!important;'> </a></div></div><div class="module-item desc"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Financial statements show the investments have not been particularly profitable, suggesting that outside funding would be necessary to keep the businesses afloat.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since Thermaleo acquired Szczawnica Spa in 2005, it has often ended the financial year in debt, as have its subsidiary companies. In its latest financial statements for 2022, Thermaleo showed a loss of more than PLN 7 million ($1.7 million). </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The company also notes in its financial statements that it “is not making a profit and is dependent on various forms of recapitalisation from the Shareholders’ portfolio,” without going into further detail. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Polish local newspaper Tygodnik Podhalański has previously quizzed the Mankowski family over the source of the money flowing into the spa town. A 2007 article describes how, when asked by phone about the origin of the funds for Szczawnica, Andre Mankowski answered “laconically, talking about investment funds. When we ask for specifics, he refuses to answer.” </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the paper again asked Thermaleo if Andre Mankowski’s AMT Group had invested in Poland. The company’s board of directors assured the paper that it was not. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When reached for comment by FRONTSTORY.PL, Thermaleo again rejected any financial links with AMT Group in a statement the company’s lawyer provided on behalf of the board. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Andrzej Mankowski makes no secret of his views on the war in Ukraine, describing it as a catastrophe for both the Ukrainian people and all of Europe,” the company said, adding that he has funded reconstruction efforts in Ukraine and supported Ukrainian refugees in France. The family also reportedly offered free accommodation and food to some Ukrainian families seeking refuge in Szczawnica in the early days of the war. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When reporters tried to dig deeper into the source of Thermaleo’s investments, they discovered the spa is owned by a chain of companies structured like a matryoshka doll, making it difficult to trace where the funding truly comes from.</span></p> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-5069" src="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-graph-vsquare.jpg-1024x778.png" alt="" width="1024" height="778" srcset="https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-graph-vsquare.jpg-1024x778.png 1024w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-graph-vsquare.jpg-300x228.png 300w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-graph-vsquare.jpg-768x584.png 768w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-graph-vsquare.jpg-400x304.png 400w, https://vsquare.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/amt-graph-vsquare.jpg.png 1474w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Through </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the latest</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> publicly available documents, reporters established that 95 percent of Szczawnica Spa’s shares belong to Thermaleo. The company’s 2023 list of shareholders show that Andre Mankowski and his son Christophe hold 55 percent of the shares (Christophe owns less than one percent), while the rest are held by a company called Polenac, registered in Luxembourg in 2020. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to Polenac’s latest company report from 2022, it has no employees.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">But Polenac is in turn owned by a London-registered firm called SPA Management Limited, who lists Andre Mankowski as director – and its sole employee. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The last link in the chain is the most opaque: SPA Management Ltd’s sole shareholder is a company called AMF Limited, registered in the Channel Islands tax haven of Guernsey. AMF does not disclose information about its finances and owners.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, when asked by reporters about the beneficial owner of SPA Management and AMF Limited, Thermaleo said: </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“The beneficial owner of all entities involving Andrzej Mańkowski is Andrzej Mańkowski alone”.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The companies closer to the top of the chain have also reported heavy debt. By 2022, SPA Management’s debt to parent company AMF amounted to more than £92 million ($111 million). </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When queried by reporters, Thermaleo said this was the amount that had been invested across Szczawnica. “This value is consistent with the value of capital (shared and supplementary) in Thermaleo, therefore, with a small margin of error, it can be confirmed that this value is the value of broadly understood investments in Szczawnica,” it said in a statement. </span></p> <p><em>Fact-checking was provided by the OCCRP Fact-Checking Desk.</em></p> </div><div class="module-item highlighted-text"> <p>This story was originally published on <a href="https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/polish-businessman-makes-millions-from-firm-that-deals-with-putins-russia" target="_blank" rel="noopener">occrp.org</a>. You can also read the Polish version on <a href="https://frontstory.pl/szczawnica-andrzej-mankowski-hrabia-amt-rosja-sankcje/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FRONTSTORY.PL</a> and the Russian on <a href="https://istories.media/stories/2024/05/28/polskii-aristokrat-s-kontraktami-v-rossii/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">istories.media</a></p> </div><div class="module-item highlighted-text"> <p><strong>Subscribe to Goulash, our original VSquare newsletter that delivers the best investigative journalism from Central Europe straight to your inbox!</strong><br /> <script>(function() { window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { listeners: [], forms: { on: function(evt, cb) { window.mc4wp.listeners.push( { event : evt, callback: cb } ); } } } })(); </script><form id="mc4wp-form-1" class="mc4wp-form mc4wp-form-3020" method="post" data-id="3020" data-name="Vsquare Newsletter" ><div class="mc4wp-form-fields"><p> <label>Email address: <input type="email" name="EMAIL" placeholder="Your email address" required /> </label> </p> <p><br> By filling in the data and subscribing to the Newsletter, you consent to the sending of the “Goulash Newsletter” to the e-mail address provided. 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