CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: taboo expressions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: taboo expressions"> <meta name="keywords" content="taboo expressions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="taboo expressions" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="taboo expressions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 595</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: taboo expressions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> Types of Taboo Expressions in Igbo Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Nwaoha">Christian Nwaoha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates taboo expressions and classifications in Igbo discourse, their socio-cultural factors affecting their usage. The study classifies Linguistic taboo expressions by their discourse into five categories: morality-related taboo, veneration-related, decorum-related, religion-related and fear-related taboo expressions. This study argues that while religion-related and decorum-related taboos are unmentioned and have no euphemistic synonyms is because they are closely tied to various Igbo deities and objects, while morality, veneration, and fear-related have permissible alternatives. A descriptive research design was adopted and the data collection was by questionnaire and oral interview. The result of the research proves that aside of the categories of taboos in Igbo, socially, the styles of discourse have some levels of gender, age and class-connected taboos, which for instance, in gender-connected taboos, women in Igbo are forbidden to use style of discourse that are connected with genital organs in social gathering comprising men and women. The same has to do with class-connected where much younger men can use some certain expressions that are taboo, but in much older men gathering such expressions would be tagged forbidden in the context. The study further reveals that there are occasions in which these taboos can be used with reasons. The research concludes that using these taboos in literary text can enhance clear understanding of Igbo taboos to the users and learners of Igbo language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions" title="taboo expressions">taboo expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifications" title=" classifications"> classifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igbo" title=" Igbo"> Igbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural%20factors" title=" socio-cultural factors"> socio-cultural factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse" title=" discourse"> discourse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83347/types-of-taboo-expressions-in-igbo-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> The Fallacy around Inserting Brackets to Evaluate Expressions Involving Multiplication and Division</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manduth%20Ramchander">Manduth Ramchander</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluating expressions involving multiplication and division can give rise to the fallacy that brackets can be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division. The aim of this article was to draw upon mathematical theory to prove that brackets cannot be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division and in particular in expressions where division precedes multiplication. In doing so, it demonstrates that the notion that two different answers are possible, when evaluating expressions involving multiplication and division, is indeed a false one. Searches conducted in a number of scholarly databases unearthed the rules to be applied when removing brackets from expressions, which revealed that consideration needs to be given to sign changes when brackets are removed. The rule pertaining to expressions involving multiplication and division was then extended upon, in its reverse format, to prove that brackets cannot be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division. The application of the rule demonstrates that an expression involving multiplication and division can have only one correct answer. It is recommended that both the rule and its reverse be included in the curriculum, preferably at the juncture when manipulation with brackets is introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brackets" title="brackets">brackets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplications%20and%20division" title=" multiplications and division"> multiplications and division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operations" title=" operations"> operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=order" title=" order"> order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132918/the-fallacy-around-inserting-brackets-to-evaluate-expressions-involving-multiplication-and-division" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">593</span> What Lies Beneath: Kanti Shah’s Children of Midnight</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vibhushan%20Subba">Vibhushan Subba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> B-movies are almost always ‘glanced over’, ‘swept beneath’, ‘hidden from’ and ‘locked away’ to live a secret life; a life that exists but enjoys only a mummified existence behind layers of protective covering. They are more often than not discarded as ‘trash’, ‘sleaze’, ‘porn’ and put down for their ‘bad taste’ or at least that has been the case in India. With the art film entering the realm of high art, the popular and the mainstream has been increasingly equated with the A grade Bollywood film. This leaves the B-movie to survive as a degraded cultural artifact on the fringes of the mainstream. Kanti Shah’s films are part of a secret, traversing the libidinal circuits of the B and C grade through history. His films still circulate like a corporeal reminder of the forbidden and that which is taboo, like a hidden fracture that threatens to split open bourgeois respectability. Seeking to find answers to an aesthetic that has been rejected and hidden, this paper looks at three films of Kanti Shah to see how the notion of taboo, censorship and the unseen coincide, how they operate in the domain of his cinema and try and understand a form that draws our attention to the subterranean forces at work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B-movies" title="B-movies">B-movies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trash" title=" trash"> trash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo" title=" taboo"> taboo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=censorship" title=" censorship"> censorship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8522/what-lies-beneath-kanti-shahs-children-of-midnight" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">592</span> KSVD-SVM Approach for Spontaneous Facial Expression Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawood%20Al%20Chanti">Dawood Al Chanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Caplier"> Alice Caplier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sparse representations of signals have received a great deal of attention in recent years. In this paper, the interest of using sparse representation as a mean for performing sparse discriminative analysis between spontaneous facial expressions is demonstrated. An automatic facial expressions recognition system is presented. It uses a KSVD-SVM approach which is made of three main stages: A pre-processing and feature extraction stage, which solves the problem of shared subspace distribution based on the random projection theory, to obtain low dimensional discriminative and reconstructive features; A dictionary learning and sparse coding stage, which uses the KSVD model to learn discriminative under or over dictionaries for sparse coding; Finally a classification stage, which uses a SVM classifier for facial expressions recognition. Our main concern is to be able to recognize non-basic affective states and non-acted expressions. Extensive experiments on the JAFFE static acted facial expressions database but also on the DynEmo dynamic spontaneous facial expressions database exhibit very good recognition rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dictionary%20learning" title="dictionary learning">dictionary learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20projection" title=" random projection"> random projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pose%20and%20spontaneous%20facial%20expression" title=" pose and spontaneous facial expression"> pose and spontaneous facial expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparse%20representation" title=" sparse representation"> sparse representation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51683/ksvd-svm-approach-for-spontaneous-facial-expression-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">591</span> Practical Methods for Automatic MC/DC Test Cases Generation of Boolean Expressions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sekou%20Kangoye">Sekou Kangoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Todoskoff"> Alexis Todoskoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihaela%20Barreau"> Mihaela Barreau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) is a structural coverage criterion that aims to prove that all conditions involved in a Boolean expression can influence the result of that expression. In the context of automotive, MC/DC is highly recommended and even required for most security and safety applications testing. However, due to complex Boolean expressions that often embedded in those applications, generating a set of MC/DC compliant test cases for any of these expressions is a nontrivial task and can be time consuming for testers. In this paper we present an approach to automatically generate MC/DC test cases for any Boolean expression. We introduce novel techniques, essentially based on binary trees to quickly and optimally generate MC/DC test cases for the expressions. Thus, the approach can be used to reduce the manual testing effort of testers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20trees" title="binary trees">binary trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MC%2FDC" title=" MC/DC"> MC/DC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20case%20generation" title=" test case generation"> test case generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nontrivial%20task" title=" nontrivial task"> nontrivial task</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29442/practical-methods-for-automatic-mcdc-test-cases-generation-of-boolean-expressions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">590</span> Exploration of Competitive Athletes’ Superstition in Taiwan: “Miracle” and “Coincidence”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shieh%20Shiow-Fang">Shieh Shiow-Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superstitious thoughts or actions often occur during athletic competitions. Often "superstitious rituals" have a positive impact on the performance of competitive athletes. Athletes affirm the many psychological benefits of religious beliefs mostly in a positive way. Method: By snowball sampling, we recruited 10 experienced competitive athletes as participants. We used in-person and online one-to-one in-depth interviews to collect their experiences about sports superstition. The total interview time was 795 minutes. We analyzed the raw data with the grounded theory processes suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1990). Results: The factors affecting athlete performance are ritual beliefs, taboo awareness, learning norms, and spontaneous attribution behaviors. Conclusion: We concluded that sports superstition reflects several psychological implications. The analysis results of this paper can provide another research perspective for the future study of sports superstition behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superstition" title="superstition">superstition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20awarences" title=" taboo awarences"> taboo awarences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20athlete" title=" competitive athlete"> competitive athlete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20norms" title=" learning norms"> learning norms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164550/exploration-of-competitive-athletes-superstition-in-taiwan-miracle-and-coincidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">589</span> Exploration of Competitive Athletes’ Superstition in Taiwan: "Miracle" and "Coincidence"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shieh%20Shiow-fang">Shieh Shiow-fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superstitious thoughts or actions often occur during athletic competitions. Often "superstitious rituals" have a positive impact on the performance of competitive athletes. Athletes affirm the many psychological benefits of religious beliefs mostly in a positive way. Method: By snowball sampling, we recruited 10 experienced competitive athletes as participants. We used in-person and online one-to-one in-depth interview to collect their experiences about sport superstition. The total interview time was 795 minutes. We analyzed the raw data with the grounded theory processes suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1990). Results: The factors affecting athlete performance are ritual beliefs, taboo awareness, learning norms, and spontaneous attribution behaviors. Conclusion: We concluded that sports superstition reflects several psychological implications. The analysis results of this paper can provide another research perspective for the future study of sports superstition behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superstition" title="superstition">superstition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20awareness" title=" taboo awareness"> taboo awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20norms" title=" learning norms"> learning norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20athlete" title=" competitive athlete"> competitive athlete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164811/exploration-of-competitive-athletes-superstition-in-taiwan-miracle-and-coincidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">588</span> Challenges in Translating Malay Idiomatic Expressions: A Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Ruba%E2%80%99Yah%20Binti%20Abd%20Rahim">Nor Ruba’Yah Binti Abd Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norsyahidah%20Binti%20Jaafar"> Norsyahidah Binti Jaafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Translating Malay idiomatic expressions into other languages presents unique challenges due to the deep cultural nuances and linguistic intricacies embedded within these expressions. This study examined these challenges through a two-pronged methodology: a comparative analysis using survey questionnaires and a quiz administered to 50 semester 6 students who are taking Translation 1 course, and in-depth interviews with their lecturers. The survey aimed to capture students’ experiences and difficulties in translating selected Malay idioms into English, highlighting common errors and misunderstandings. Complementing this, interviews with lecturers provided expert insights into the nuances of these expressions and effective translation strategies. The findings revealed that literal translations often fail to convey the intended meanings, underscoring the importance of cultural competence and contextual awareness. The study also identified key factors that contribute to successful translations, such as the translator’s familiarity with both source and target cultures and their ability to adapt expressions creatively. This research contributed to the field of translation studies by offering practical recommendations for improving the translation of idiomatic expressions, thereby enhancing cross-cultural communication. The insights gained from this study are valuable for translators, educators, and students, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach that respects the cultural richness of the source language while ensuring clarity in the target language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idiomatic%20expressions" title="idiomatic expressions">idiomatic expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20competence" title=" cultural competence"> cultural competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20strategies" title=" translation strategies"> translation strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20communication" title=" cross-cultural communication"> cross-cultural communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20difficulties" title=" students’ difficulties"> students’ difficulties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192571/challenges-in-translating-malay-idiomatic-expressions-a-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">587</span> Emotion Recognition with Occlusions Based on Facial Expression Reconstruction and Weber Local Descriptor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jadisha%20Cornejo">Jadisha Cornejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helio%20Pedrini"> Helio Pedrini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recognition of emotions based on facial expressions has received increasing attention from the scientific community over the last years. Several fields of applications can benefit from facial emotion recognition, such as behavior prediction, interpersonal relations, human-computer interactions, recommendation systems. In this work, we develop and analyze an emotion recognition framework based on facial expressions robust to occlusions through the Weber Local Descriptor (WLD). Initially, the occluded facial expressions are reconstructed following an extension approach of Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA). Then, WLD features are extracted from the facial expression representation, as well as Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The feature vector space is reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Finally, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are used to recognize the expressions. Experimental results on three public datasets demonstrated that the WLD representation achieved competitive accuracy rates for occluded and non-occluded facial expressions compared to other approaches available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20recognition" title="emotion recognition">emotion recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20expression" title=" facial expression"> facial expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occlusion" title=" occlusion"> occlusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiducial%20landmarks" title=" fiducial landmarks"> fiducial landmarks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90510/emotion-recognition-with-occlusions-based-on-facial-expression-reconstruction-and-weber-local-descriptor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">586</span> Application of Vector Representation for Revealing the Richness of Meaning of Facial Expressions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmel%20Sofer">Carmel Sofer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Vilenchik"> Dan Vilenchik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ron%20Dotsch"> Ron Dotsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galia%20Avidan"> Galia Avidan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies investigating emotional facial expressions typically reveal consensus among observes regarding the meaning of basic expressions, whose number ranges between 6 to 15 emotional states. Given this limited number of discrete expressions, how is it that the human vocabulary of emotional states is so rich? The present study argues that perceivers use sequences of these discrete expressions as the basis for a much richer vocabulary of emotional states. Such mechanisms, in which a relatively small number of basic components is expanded to a much larger number of possible combinations of meanings, exist in other human communications modalities, such as spoken language and music. In these modalities, letters and notes, which serve as basic components of spoken language and music respectively, are temporally linked, resulting in the richness of expressions. In the current study, in each trial participants were presented with sequences of two images containing facial expression in different combinations sampled out of the eight static basic expressions (total 64; 8X8). In each trial, using single word participants were required to judge the 'state of mind' portrayed by the person whose face was presented. Utilizing word embedding methods (Global Vectors for Word Representation), employed in the field of Natural Language Processing, and relying on machine learning computational methods, it was found that the perceived meanings of the sequences of facial expressions were a weighted average of the single expressions comprising them, resulting in 22 new emotional states, in addition to the eight, classic basic expressions. An interaction between the first and the second expression in each sequence indicated that every single facial expression modulated the effect of the other facial expression thus leading to a different interpretation ascribed to the sequence as a whole. These findings suggest that the vocabulary of emotional states conveyed by facial expressions is not restricted to the (small) number of discrete facial expressions. Rather, the vocabulary is rich, as it results from combinations of these expressions. In addition, present research suggests that using word embedding in social perception studies, can be a powerful, accurate and efficient tool, to capture explicit and implicit perceptions and intentions. Acknowledgment: The study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Defense in Israel to GA and CS. CS is also supported by the ABC initiative in Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glove" title="Glove">Glove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20perception" title=" face perception"> face perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20expression%20perception." title=" facial expression perception. "> facial expression perception. </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20expression%20production" title=" facial expression production"> facial expression production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20embedding" title=" word embedding"> word embedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word2vec" title=" word2vec"> word2vec</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83508/application-of-vector-representation-for-revealing-the-richness-of-meaning-of-facial-expressions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">585</span> Glushkov's Construction for Functional Subsequential Transducers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksander%20Mendoza">Aleksander Mendoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glushkov's construction has many interesting properties, and they become even more evident when applied to transducers. This article strives to show the vast range of possible extensions and optimisations for this algorithm. Special flavour of regular expressions is introduced, which can be efficiently converted to e-free functional subsequential weighted finite state transducers. Produced automata are very compact, as they contain only one state for each symbol (from input alphabet) of original expression and only one transition for each range of symbols, no matter how large. Such compactified ranges of transitions allow for efficient binary search lookup during automaton evaluation. All the methods and algorithms presented here were used to implement open-source compiler of regular expressions for multitape transducers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20automata" title="weighted automata">weighted automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transducers" title=" transducers"> transducers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glushkov" title=" Glushkov"> Glushkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=follow%20automata" title=" follow automata"> follow automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regular%20expressions" title=" regular expressions"> regular expressions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129609/glushkovs-construction-for-functional-subsequential-transducers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">584</span> The Study of Difficulties of Understanding Idiomatic Expressions Encountered by Translators 2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elmogbail">Mohamed Elmogbail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed at investigating difficulties those Translators encounter in understanding idiomatic expressions between Arabic and English languages. To achieve this goal, the researcher raised the three questions are:(1) What are the major difficulties that translators encounter in translating idiomatic expressions? (2) What factors cause such difficulties that translators encountered in translating idiomatic expressions? (3) What are the possible techniques that should be followed to overcome these difficulties? To answer these questions, the researcher designed questionnaire Table (2) and mentioned tables related to Test Show the second question in the study is about the factors that stand behind the challenges. Translators encounter while translating idiomatic expressions. The translators asked Provided the following factors:1- Because of lack of exposure to the source culture, they do not know the connotations of the cultural words that are related to the environment, food, folklore 2- Misusing dictionaries made the participants unable to find a proper target language idiomatic expression. 3-Lack of using idiomatic expressions in daily life. Table (3): (Questionnaire) Results to the table (3) Questions Of the study are About suggestions that can be inferred to handle these challenges. The questioned translators provided the following solutions:1- translators must be exposed to source language culture, including religion, habits, and traditions.2- translators should also be exposed to source language idiomatic expressions by introducing English culture in textbooks and through participating in extensive English culture courses.3- translators should be familiar with the differences between source and target language cultures.4- translators should avoid literal translation that results in most cases in wrong or poor translation.5- Schools, universities, and institutions should introduce translators to English culture.6- translators should participate in cultural workshops at universities.7- translators should try to use idiomatic expressions in everyday situations.8- translators should read more idiomatic expressions books. And researcher also designed a translation test consisted of 40 excerpts given to a random sample of 100 Translators in Khartoum capital of Sudan to translate them. After Collected data for the study, the researcher proceeded to a more detailed analysis, the methodology used in the analysis of idiomatic expressions Is empirical and descriptive. This study is qualitative by nature, but the quantitative method used the analysis of the data. Some figure and statistics are used, such as (statistical package for the social sciences). The researcher calculated the percentage proportion of each translation expressions. And compared them to each other. The finding of the study showed that most translations are inadequate as the translators faced difficulties while communication, these difficulties were mostly due to their unfamiliarity with idiomatic expressions producing improper equivalence in the communication, and not being able to use translation techniques as required, and resorted to literal translation, furthermore, the study recommended that more comprehensive studies to executed on translating idiomatic expressions to enrich the translation field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title="translation">translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translators" title=" translators"> translators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idioms." title=" idioms."> idioms.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressions" title=" expressions"> expressions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143224/the-study-of-difficulties-of-understanding-idiomatic-expressions-encountered-by-translators-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">583</span> An Atomistic Approach to Define Continuum Mechanical Quantities in One Dimensional Nanostructures at Finite Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smriti">Smriti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajeet%20Kumar"> Ajeet Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a variant of the Irving-Kirkwood procedure to obtain the microscopic expressions of the cross-section averaged continuum fields such as internal force and moment in one-dimensional nanostructures in the non-equilibrium setting. In one-dimensional continuum theories for slender bodies, we deal with quantities such as mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, and strain energy densities, all defined per unit length. These quantities are obtained by integrating the corresponding pointwise (per unit volume) quantities over the cross-section of the slender body. However, no well-defined cross-section exists for these nanostructures at finite temperature. We thus define the cross-section of a nanorod to be an infinite plane which is fixed in space even when time progresses and defines the above continuum quantities by integrating the pointwise microscopic quantities over this infinite plane. The method yields explicit expressions of both the potential and kinetic parts of the above quantities. We further specialize in these expressions for helically repeating one-dimensional nanostructures in order to use them in molecular dynamics study of extension, torsion, and bending of such nanostructures. As, the Irving-Kirkwood procedure does not yield expressions of stiffnesses, we resort to a thermodynamic equilibrium approach to obtain the expressions of axial force, twisting moment, bending moment, and the associated stiffnesses by taking the first and second derivatives of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to conjugate strain measures. The equilibrium approach yields expressions independent of kinetic terms. We then establish the equivalence of the expressions obtained using the two approaches. The derived expressions are used to understand the extension, torsion, and bending of single-walled carbon nanotubes at non-zero temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelasticity" title="thermoelasticity">thermoelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one%20dimensional%20nanostructures" title=" one dimensional nanostructures"> one dimensional nanostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotube%20buckling" title=" nanotube buckling"> nanotube buckling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114810/an-atomistic-approach-to-define-continuum-mechanical-quantities-in-one-dimensional-nanostructures-at-finite-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">582</span> Highly Realistic Facial Expressions of Anthropomorphic Social Agent as a Factor in Solving the 'Uncanny Valley' Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniia%20Nigmatullina">Daniia Nigmatullina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vlada%20Kugurakova"> Vlada Kugurakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20Talanov"> Maxim Talanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a methodology and our plans of anthropomorphic social agent visualization. That includes creation of three-dimensional model of the virtual companion's head and its facial expressions. Talking Head is a cross-disciplinary project of developing of the human-machine interface with cognitive functions. During the creation of a realistic humanoid robot or a character, there might be the ‘uncanny valley’ problem. We think about this phenomenon and its possible causes. We are going to overcome the ‘uncanny valley’ by increasing of realism. This article discusses issues that should be considered when creating highly realistic characters (particularly the head), their facial expressions and speech visualization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropomorphic%20social%20agent" title="anthropomorphic social agent">anthropomorphic social agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20animation" title=" facial animation"> facial animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncanny%20valley" title=" uncanny valley"> uncanny valley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20modeling" title=" 3D modeling"> 3D modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41558/highly-realistic-facial-expressions-of-anthropomorphic-social-agent-as-a-factor-in-solving-the-uncanny-valley-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">581</span> The Effects of High Technology on Communicative Translation: A Case Study of Yoruba Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modupe%20Beatrice%20Adeyinka">Modupe Beatrice Adeyinka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> European Languages are languages of literature, science and technology. Whereas, African languages are of literature, both written and oral, making it difficult for Yoruba, the African language of Kwa linguistic classification, to neatly and accurately translate European scientific and technological words, expressions and technologies. Unless a pragmatic and communicative approach is adopted, equivalence of European technical and scientific texts might be a mission impossible for Yoruba scholars. In view of the aforementioned difficult task, this paper tends to highlight the need for a thorough study and evaluation of English or French words, expressions, idiomatic expressions, technical and scientific terminologies then, trying to find ways of adopting them to Yoruba environment through interpretative translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20technology" title=" high technology"> high technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title=" translation"> translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoruba%20language" title=" Yoruba language"> Yoruba language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23234/the-effects-of-high-technology-on-communicative-translation-a-case-study-of-yoruba-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">580</span> Metaphors Underlying Idiomatic Expressions in Trilingual Perspective: Contributions to the Teaching of Lexicon and to Materials Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marilei%20Amadeu%20Sabino">Marilei Amadeu Sabino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Idiomatic expressions are linguistic phraseologisms present in natural languages. Known to be metaphorical linguistic combinations, a good majority of them provide elements that reveal important cultural aspects of their linguistic community through their metaphors. With the advent of Cognitive Linguistics (more specifically of Cognitive Semantics), the metaphor ceased to be related to poetic language and rhetorical embellishment and came to be seen as part of simple everyday language, reflecting the way human beings think, act and conceive reality, i. e., a fundamental mechanism of human conceptualizations of the world. In this sense, it came to be conceived as an inevitable mechanism for representing the nature of thought and language. The speakers, in conceptualizing reality, often use metaphorically parts of the body in expressions known as somatic. Several conceptual metaphors appear to be potentially universal or near-universal, because people across the world share certain bodily experiences. In these terms, many linguistic metaphors may be identical or very similar in several languages. These similarities, according to the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor, derive from universal aspects of the human body. Thus, this research aims to investigate the nature of some metaphors underlying somatic idiomatic expressions of Portuguese, Italian and English languages, establishing a pattern of similarities and differences among them from a trilingual perspective. The analysis shows that much of the studied expressions are really structurally, semantically and metaphorically identical or similar in the three languages. These findings incite relevant discussions concerning mother and foreign language learning and aim to contribute to the teaching of phraseological Lexicon as well as to materials development in mono and multilingual perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idiomatic%20expressions" title="idiomatic expressions">idiomatic expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20development" title=" materials development"> materials development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphors" title=" metaphors"> metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phraseological%20lexicon" title=" phraseological lexicon"> phraseological lexicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning" title=" teaching and learning"> teaching and learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72456/metaphors-underlying-idiomatic-expressions-in-trilingual-perspective-contributions-to-the-teaching-of-lexicon-and-to-materials-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">579</span> Analysis and Detection of Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorder People Using Machine Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Maisam%20Abbas">Muhammad Maisam Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Tariq"> Salman Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usama%20Riaz"> Usama Riaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tanveer"> Muhammad Tanveer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humaira%20Abdul%20Ghafoor"> Humaira Abdul Ghafoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a developmental disorder that impairs an individual's communication and interaction ability. Individuals feel difficult to read facial expressions while communicating or interacting. Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a unique method of classifying basic human expressions, i.e., happiness, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, neutral, and anger through static and dynamic sources. This paper conducts a comprehensive comparison and proposed optimal method for a continued research project—a system that can assist people who have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in recognizing facial expressions. Comparison has been conducted on three supervised learning algorithms EigenFace, FisherFace, and LBPH. The JAFFE, CK+, and TFEID (I&II) datasets have been used to train and test the algorithms. The results were then evaluated based on variance, standard deviation, and accuracy. The experiments showed that FisherFace has the highest accuracy for all datasets and is considered the best algorithm to be implemented in our system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASD" title=" ASD"> ASD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EigenFace" title=" EigenFace"> EigenFace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20expression%20recognition" title=" facial expression recognition"> facial expression recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FisherFace" title=" FisherFace"> FisherFace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20binary%20pattern%20histogram" title=" local binary pattern histogram"> local binary pattern histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LBPH" title=" LBPH"> LBPH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129718/analysis-and-detection-of-facial-expressions-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-people-using-machine-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">578</span> Data Collection Techniques for Robotics to Identify the Facial Expressions of Traumatic Brain Injured Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaudhary%20Muhammad%20Aqdus%20Ilyas">Chaudhary Muhammad Aqdus Ilyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Rehm"> Matthias Rehm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Nasrollahi"> Kamal Nasrollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20B.%20Moeslund"> Thomas B. Moeslund</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the investigation of data collection procedures, associated with robots when placed with traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients for rehabilitation purposes through facial expression and mood analysis. Rehabilitation after TBI is very crucial due to nature of injury and variation in recovery time. It is advantageous to analyze these emotional signals in a contactless manner, due to the non-supportive behavior of patients, limited muscle movements and increase in negative emotional expressions. This work aims at the development of framework where robots can recognize TBI emotions through facial expressions to perform rehabilitation tasks by physical, cognitive or interactive activities. The result of these studies shows that with customized data collection strategies, proposed framework identify facial and emotional expressions more accurately that can be utilized in enhancing recovery treatment and social interaction in robotic context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolution%20neural%20network-%20long%20short%20term%20memory%20network%20%28CNN-LSTM%29" title=" convolution neural network- long short term memory network (CNN-LSTM)"> convolution neural network- long short term memory network (CNN-LSTM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20expression%20and%20mood%20recognition" title=" facial expression and mood recognition"> facial expression and mood recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20%28RGB-thermal%29%20analysis" title=" multimodal (RGB-thermal) analysis"> multimodal (RGB-thermal) analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robots" title=" robots"> robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injured%20patients" title=" traumatic brain injured patients"> traumatic brain injured patients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98560/data-collection-techniques-for-robotics-to-identify-the-facial-expressions-of-traumatic-brain-injured-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">577</span> Protective Effect of Essential Oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa on Anxiety-Related Behaviors and Cytokine Abnormalities Induced by Early Life Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae%20Jeong%20Park">Hae Jeong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joo-Ho%20Chung"> Joo-Ho Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtuse (EOCO) on early life stress using maternal separation (MS) rats was investigated. Anxiety-related behaviors were examined in MS rats using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. The changes of gene expressions by EOCO in the hippocampus of MS rats were analyzed using a microarray method. Rats in the MS groups were separated from their respective mothers from postnatal day (pnd) 14 to 28. Rats in the EOCO-treated groups were exposed to EOCO for 1 h or 2 h by inhalation from pnd 21 to 28. The EOCO-treated MS rats showed decreased anxiety-related behaviors compared to the MS rats in the EPM test. In the microarray analysis, EOCO downregulated the expressions of cytokine genes such as Ccl2, Il6, Cxcl10, Ccl19, and Il1rl in the hippocampus of MS rats, and it was also confirmed through RT-PCR. In particular, the expressions of Ccl2 and Il6 were predominantly decreased by EOCO in the hippocampus of MS rats. Interestingly, their protein expressions were also reduced by EOCO in MS rats. These results indicate that EOCO decreases MS-induced anxiety-related behaviors, and modulate cytokines, particularly Ccl2 and Il6, in the hippocampus of MS rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety-related%20behavior" title="anxiety-related behavior">anxiety-related behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamaecyparis%20obtuse" title=" Chamaecyparis obtuse"> Chamaecyparis obtuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokine%20gene" title=" cytokine gene"> cytokine gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early-life%20stress" title=" early-life stress"> early-life stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20separation" title=" maternal separation"> maternal separation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52686/protective-effect-of-essential-oil-from-chamaecyparis-obtusa-on-anxiety-related-behaviors-and-cytokine-abnormalities-induced-by-early-life-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">576</span> Religion and Politeness: An Exploratory Study for the Integration of Religious Expressions with Politeness Strategies in Iraqi Computer-Mediated Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Alsabbah">Rasha Alsabbah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the relationship between polite language use and religion in the Iraqi culture in computer mediated communication. It tackles the speech acts where these expressions are employed, the frequency of their occurrence and the aims behind them. It also investigates if they have equivalent expressions in English and the possibility of translating them in intercultural communication. Despite the wide assumption that language is a reflection of culture and religion, it started to grant the attention sociologists during the recent 40 years when scholars have questioned the possible interconnection between religion and language in which religion is used as a mean of producing language and performing pragmatic functions. It is presumed that Arabs in general, and Iraqis in particular, have an inclination to use religious vocabulary in showing politeness in their greeting and other speech acts. Due to Islamic religion and culture’s influences, it is observed that Iraqis are very much concerned of maintaining social solidarity and harmonious relationships which make religion a politeness strategy that operates as the key point of their social behaviours. In addition, religion has found to influence almost all their interactions in which they have a tendency of invoking religious expressions, the lexicon of Allah (God), and Qur’anic verses in their daily politeness discourse. This aspect of Islamic culture may look strange, especially to people who come from individualist societies, such as England. Data collection in this study is based on messaging applications like Viber, WhatsApp, and Facebook. After gaining the approval of the participants, there was an investigation for the different aims behind these expressions and the pragmatic function that they perform. It is found that Iraqis tend to incorporate the lexicon of Allah in most of their communication. Such employment is not only by religious people but also by individuals who do not show strong commitment to religion. Furthermore, the social distance and social power between people do not play a significant role in increasing or reducing the rate of using these expressions. A number of these expressions, though can be translated into English, do not have one to one counterpart or reflect religious feeling. In addition, they might sound odd upon being translated or transliterated in oral and written communication in intercultural communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20mediated%20communication%20%28CMC%29" title="computer mediated communication (CMC)">computer mediated communication (CMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20communication" title=" intercultural communication"> intercultural communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politeness" title=" politeness"> politeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situation%20bound%20utterances%20rituals" title=" situation bound utterances rituals"> situation bound utterances rituals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20acts" title=" speech acts"> speech acts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60273/religion-and-politeness-an-exploratory-study-for-the-integration-of-religious-expressions-with-politeness-strategies-in-iraqi-computer-mediated-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">575</span> Sexually Transmitted Diseases Taboo: Time to Rethink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpana%20Gupta">Kalpana Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread primarily through sexual contact. In our daily practice, we see gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, and chlamydial infections that can be cured, as well as HIV, genital herpes, HPV, and hepatitis B infections that cannot be cured but can be managed with available treatments. Many people in India are infected with Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and the figures are quite high because of a lack of awareness and communication, as well as a taboo against these diseases. Numerous taboos and associated stigma shape patients’ lives and have a significant impact on health care policies, medical research, and current issues in medical ethics. Current statistics emphasize the importance of delivering sex education to this important demographic promptly. The long-standing tradition of girls marrying very young, especially in rural areas, and often too much older men, causes a slew of STIs. Stigma and HIV have a cyclical relationship; people who experience stigma and discrimination are marginalized and made more vulnerable to HIV/STDs, while those living with HIV are more vulnerable to stigma and discrimination. As urban pressures have grown, so have slums - and they have fast become ideal breeding grounds for STDs. In developed countries, strict laws have been enacted requiring people suffering from STDs to seek immediate treatment as well as contact the health department. Unfortunately, because of the stigma associated with the disease, patients in India are reluctant to reveal the source of infection. With various schemes, India is attempting to promote sex education and awareness. For example, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare developed the National Adolescent Health Programme (also known as the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram) in partnership with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Whereas, National AIDS Control Organisation was set up so that every person living with HIV has access to quality care and is treated with dignity and breaking all taboos. It becomes clear that research and healthcare policies will not be effective in assisting patients with STDs unless these "nonscientific" elements are taken into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexually%20transmitted%20diseases" title="sexually transmitted diseases">sexually transmitted diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexually%20transmitted%20infections" title=" sexually transmitted infections"> sexually transmitted infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo" title=" taboo"> taboo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FSTDs" title=" HIV/STDs"> HIV/STDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20education%20and%20awareness" title=" sex education and awareness"> sex education and awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20care" title=" quality care"> quality care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medications" title=" medications"> medications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20policies" title=" healthcare policies"> healthcare policies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147916/sexually-transmitted-diseases-taboo-time-to-rethink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">574</span> Performance Analysis of the Time-Based and Periodogram-Based Energy Detector for Spectrum Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaf%20Nawaz">Sadaf Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Ahmed%20Khan"> Adnan Ahmed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Mahmood"> Asad Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaudhary%20Farrukh%20Javed"> Chaudhary Farrukh Javed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Classically, an energy detector is implemented in time domain (TD). However, frequency domain (FD) based energy detector has demonstrated an improved performance. This paper presents a comparison between the two approaches as to analyze their pros and cons. A detailed performance analysis of the classical TD energy-detector and the periodogram based detector is performed. Exact and approximate mathematical expressions for probability of false alarm (Pf) and probability of detection (Pd) are derived for both approaches. The derived expressions naturally lead to an analytical as well as intuitive reasoning for the improved performance of (Pf) and (Pd) in different scenarios. Our analysis suggests the dependence improvement on buffer sizes. Pf is improved in FD, whereas Pd is enhanced in TD based energy detectors. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations results demonstrate the analysis reached by the derived expressions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20detector" title=" energy detector"> energy detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodogram" title=" periodogram"> periodogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum%20sensing" title=" spectrum sensing"> spectrum sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63028/performance-analysis-of-the-time-based-and-periodogram-based-energy-detector-for-spectrum-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">573</span> The Ugliness of Eating: Resistance to Depicting Consumption in Visual Arts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constance%20Kirker">Constance Kirker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While there is general agreement that food itself can be beautiful, thousands of still-life masterpieces over the years attest to this, depicting the act of eating, actually placing food in one’s mouth and chewing is seemingly taboo. The environment created around consumption -dining rooms, linens, china, flowers- is consciously choreographed to provide a pleasing aesthetic experience. Yet artists, from Roman frescoes painters to contemporary photographers, create images from feasts to solitary subjects that rarely show food or drink touching lips, chewing, or swallowing. Of the countless paintings of the Last Supper, the food remains on the table. Rarely is Adam or Eve shown taking a bite of the apple, initiating Original Sin. In the few examples that do depict food-in-mouth, Goya’s Saturn Devouring His Son, or the ubiquitous photos of the “wedding smash” with brides and grooms pushing wedding cake into each other’s mouths, the images are seemingly intended to be particularly ugly or humorous in a distasteful way. This paper will explore theories that include the rules of etiquette, some determined hundreds of years ago and still followed today, that imply eating is a metaphor for gluttony, implicit sexuality of eating, the distortion of the face while eating and the simple practicality of the difficulty of an artist’s model maintaining a chewing position. If art is a reflection of society, what drives the universal impulse to hide this very human function? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetics" title="aesthetics">aesthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=senses" title=" senses"> senses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo" title=" taboo"> taboo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption" title=" consumption"> consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156453/the-ugliness-of-eating-resistance-to-depicting-consumption-in-visual-arts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">572</span> Incorporating Information Gain in Regular Expressions Based Classifiers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20L.%20Figueroa">Rosa L. Figueroa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20A.%20Flores"> Christopher A. Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Zeng-Treitler"> Qing Zeng-Treitler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A regular expression consists of sequence characters which allow describing a text path. Usually, in clinical research, regular expressions are manually created by programmers together with domain experts. Lately, there have been several efforts to investigate how to generate them automatically. This article presents a text classification algorithm based on regexes. The algorithm named REX was designed, and then, implemented as a simplified method to create regexes to classify Spanish text automatically. In order to classify ambiguous cases, such as, when multiple labels are assigned to a testing example, REX includes an information gain method Two sets of data were used to evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness in clinical text classification tasks. The results indicate that the regular expression based classifier proposed in this work performs statically better regarding accuracy and F-measure than Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes for both datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20gain" title="information gain">information gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regular%20expressions" title=" regular expressions"> regular expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smith-waterman%20algorithm" title=" smith-waterman algorithm"> smith-waterman algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20classification" title=" text classification"> text classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71695/incorporating-information-gain-in-regular-expressions-based-classifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">571</span> Time-Domain Expressions for Bridge Self-Excited Aerodynamic Forces by Modified Particle Swarm Optimizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao-Su%20Liu">Hao-Su Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Qing%20Lei"> Jun-Qing Lei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces the theory of modified particle swarm optimizer and its application in time-domain expressions for bridge self-excited aerodynamic forces. Based on the indicial function expression and the rational function expression in time-domain expression for bridge self-excited aerodynamic forces, the characteristics of the two methods, i.e. the modified particle swarm optimizer and conventional search method, are compared in flutter derivatives’ fitting process. Theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that adopting whether the indicial function expression or the rational function expression, the fitting flutter derivatives obtained by modified particle swarm optimizer have better goodness of fit with ones obtained from experiment. As to the flutter derivatives which have higher nonlinearity, the self-excited aerodynamic forces, using the flutter derivatives obtained through modified particle swarm optimizer fitting process, are much closer to the ones simulated by the experimental. The modified particle swarm optimizer was used to recognize the parameters of time-domain expressions for flutter derivatives of an actual long-span highway-railway truss bridge with double decks at the wind attack angle of 0°, -3° and +3°. It was found that this method could solve the bounded problems of attenuation coefficient effectively in conventional search method, and had the ability of searching in unboundedly area. Accordingly, this study provides a method for engineering industry to frequently and efficiently obtain the time-domain expressions for bridge self-excited aerodynamic forces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-domain%20expressions" title="time-domain expressions">time-domain expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20self-excited%20aerodynamic%20forces" title=" bridge self-excited aerodynamic forces"> bridge self-excited aerodynamic forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20particle%20swarm%20optimizer" title=" modified particle swarm optimizer"> modified particle swarm optimizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-span%20highway-railway%20truss%20bridge" title=" long-span highway-railway truss bridge"> long-span highway-railway truss bridge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69848/time-domain-expressions-for-bridge-self-excited-aerodynamic-forces-by-modified-particle-swarm-optimizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">570</span> Towards Kurdish Internet Linguistics: A Case Study on the Impact of Social Media on Kurdish Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karwan%20K.%20Abdalrahman">Karwan K. Abdalrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the impacts of the internet and social media, new words and expressions enter the Kurdish language, and a number of familiarized words get new meanings. The case is especially true when the technique of transliteration is taken into consideration. Through transliteration, a number of selected words widely used on social media are entering the Kurdish media discourse. In addition, a selected number of Kurdish words get new cultural and psychological meanings. The significance of this study is to delve into the process of word formation in the Kurdish language and explore how new words and expressions are formed by social media users and got public recognition. First, the study investigates the English words that enter the Kurdish language through different social media platforms. All of these words are transliterated and are used in spoken and written discourses. Second, there are a specific number of Kurdish words that got new meanings in social media. As for these words, there are psychological and cultural factors that make people use these expressions for specific political reasons. It can be argued that they have an indirect political message along with their new linguistic usages. This is a qualitative study analyzing video content that was published in the last two years on social media platforms, including Facebook and YouTube. The collected data was analyzed based on the themes discussed above. The findings of the research can be summarized as follows: the widely used transliterated words have entered both the spoken and written discourses. Authors in online and offline newspapers, TV presenters, literary writers, columnists are using these new expressions in their writings. As for the Kurdish words with new meanings, they are also widely used for psychological, cultural, and political reasons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurdish%20language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20meanings" title=" new meanings"> new meanings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transliteration" title=" transliteration"> transliteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary" title=" vocabulary"> vocabulary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142378/towards-kurdish-internet-linguistics-a-case-study-on-the-impact-of-social-media-on-kurdish-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">569</span> Classifying Facial Expressions Based on a Motion Local Appearance Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabiola%20M.%20Villalobos-Castaldi">Fabiola M. Villalobos-Castaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20C.%20Kemper"> Nicolás C. Kemper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Rojas-Krugger"> Esther Rojas-Krugger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20G.%20Ram%C3%ADrez-S%C3%A1nchez"> Laura G. Ramírez-Sánchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the classification results about exploring the combination of a motion based approach with a local appearance method to describe the facial motion caused by the muscle contractions and expansions that are presented in facial expressions. The proposed feature extraction method take advantage of the knowledge related to which parts of the face reflects the highest deformations, so we selected 4 specific facial regions at which the appearance descriptor were applied. The most common used approaches for feature extraction are the holistic and the local strategies. In this work we present the results of using a local appearance approach estimating the correlation coefficient to the 4 corresponding landmark-localized facial templates of the expression face related to the neutral face. The results let us to probe how the proposed motion estimation scheme based on the local appearance correlation computation can simply and intuitively measure the motion parameters for some of the most relevant facial regions and how these parameters can be used to recognize facial expressions automatically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20expression%20recognition%20system" title="facial expression recognition system">facial expression recognition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local-appearance%20method" title=" local-appearance method"> local-appearance method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion-based%20approach" title=" motion-based approach"> motion-based approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27632/classifying-facial-expressions-based-on-a-motion-local-appearance-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">568</span> Emotion Recognition Using Artificial Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Mohite">Rahul Mohite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahcen%20Ouarbya"> Lahcen Ouarbya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the interplay between humans and computer systems and the ability of these systems to understand and respond to human emotions, including non-verbal communication. Current emotion recognition systems are based solely on either facial or verbal expressions. The limitation of these systems is that it requires large training data sets. The paper proposes a system for recognizing human emotions that combines both speech and emotion recognition. The system utilizes advanced techniques such as deep learning and image recognition to identify facial expressions and comprehend emotions. The results show that the proposed system, based on the combination of facial expression and speech, outperforms existing ones, which are based solely either on facial or verbal expressions. The proposed system detects human emotion with an accuracy of 86%, whereas the existing systems have an accuracy of 70% using verbal expression only and 76% using facial expression only. In this paper, the increasing significance and demand for facial recognition technology in emotion recognition are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20reputation" title="facial reputation">facial reputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expression%20reputation" title=" expression reputation"> expression reputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20gaining%20knowledge%20of" title=" deep gaining knowledge of"> deep gaining knowledge of</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo%20reputation" title=" photo reputation"> photo reputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20technology" title=" facial technology"> facial technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sign%20processing" title=" sign processing"> sign processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo%20type" title=" photo type"> photo type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162386/emotion-recognition-using-artificial-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">567</span> Sociolinguistic Analysis of Campus Slang: The Case of Akwa Ibom State College of Education, Afaha Nsit, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Okon%20Effiong">Charles Okon Effiong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a sociolinguistic analysis of the semantics of students’ slang in Akwa Ibom State College of Education, Afaha Nsit, Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was deployed for the study and data were collected from one hundred and fifty (150) students through a series of instruments such as questionnaire, interviews and observations. The questionnaire was administered randomly to levels 200, 300 and Extra Time students only. Interviews and observations were also conducted on the students. These categories of students were selected because they had spent a longer time in the college and were thought to be familiar with campus slang. A total of ninety two (92) slang expressions were taken from the questionnaire and out of this number, twenty six (26) slang expressions were peculiar to the college while sixty six (66) were those slang terms also used in the society. The study proves the notion that every speaker handles a variety of registers and tends to choose among them in accordance with the social situation in which he finds himself. The study shows campus slang as a sociolect which facilitates communication among the students in a different sense. The slang expressions are fully intelligible to the students and this unique and elaborate lexicon serves to achieve group identity among other social implications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slang" title=" slang"> slang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20relationship" title=" social relationship"> social relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13121/sociolinguistic-analysis-of-campus-slang-the-case-of-akwa-ibom-state-college-of-education-afaha-nsit-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">566</span> Expressions of Local Identity via Residential Architecture Practice in UNESCO World Heritage Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surasak%20Kangkhao">Surasak Kangkhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaturong%20Louhapensang"> Chaturong Louhapensang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates design and cultural heritage interpretations by residential architecture design in World Heritage cities: Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand reflect on the essence of design based on local identity. The research consisted of three thematic foci. First, the studies examined the contextual background that led to the genesis of the building. Second, the investigations concentrated on how its design was developed and implemented. Third, these modes of problematisation lent a basis to argue that a quality of placeness was not confined exclusively to traditional or vernacular structures but could be found from the unconventional aesthetics of Residential Architecture as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressions" title="expressions">expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20identity" title=" local identity"> local identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20architecture" title=" residential architecture"> residential architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practice" title=" practice"> practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20heritage%20site" title=" world heritage site"> world heritage site</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132913/expressions-of-local-identity-via-residential-architecture-practice-in-unesco-world-heritage-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=19">19</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=20">20</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taboo%20expressions&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>