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0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency" title="China's 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it 'unrivaled in air combat' "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base" title="NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice">NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 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1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base" title="NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon" title="SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028">SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 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0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon" title="SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut" title="F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes">F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 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8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut" title="F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div 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t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars" title="Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars">Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars" title="Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" title="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals">Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 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0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" title="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/seaweed-biofuel-cars-barbados" title="Engineers turn rotten seaweed into car fuel, aim to cut 14 million-ton of CO2">Engineers turn rotten seaweed into car fuel, aim to cut 14 million-ton of CO2</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 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1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/seaweed-biofuel-cars-barbados" title="Engineers turn rotten seaweed into car fuel, aim to cut 14 million-ton of CO2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet" title="US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams">US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 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8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet" title="US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones" title="China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare">China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 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9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones" title="China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival" title="Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat">Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 minutes ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival" title="Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy" title="Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source">Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">43 minutes ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 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9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy" title="Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison" title="F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets">F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">11 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 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2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison" title="F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper" title="Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper">Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">11 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper" title="Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi" title="Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case">Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">13 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi" title="Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans" title="Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans">Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">15 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans" title="Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3 t-bg-surface-premium t-p-6 dark:t-bg-transparent"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/ai-logs" title="AI Logs"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">AI Logs</div></a></div><div class="t-flex t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center"><svg width="19" height="16" viewBox="0 0 19 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 0H18.1111C18.602 0 19 0.397969 19 0.888889V16H0V0Z" fill="#FAF0E1"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.4686 4.84995V3.83745V2.82496H5.27474V12.95H10.5662L10.0294 10.9305H7.29808V8.89722H10.5662V7.69077V6.8777H7.29808V4.84448L11.4686 4.84995Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M4.25828 2.82495L1.84985 2.82496V12.95H4.25828V2.82495Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M10.9623 10.925L11.4685 12.95H12.9873V14.975H15.0123V12.95H17.0373V10.925H15.0123V8.89996H12.9873V10.925H11.9748H10.9623Z" fill="#FF9900"></path></svg></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025" title="What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026">What is AGI, really? 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Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china" title="Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species">Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino" title="Maria Mocerino" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Maria Mocerino</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">19 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china" title="Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk" title="Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers">Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">19 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk" title="Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants" title="MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants">MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 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fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-flex-col t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="article-heading t-w-full md:t-w-[53.75%]"><ul class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Science</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>In 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed high-energy neutrinos from the Milky Way, ushering in a new era of multi-messenger astronomy.</p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Nov 25, 2024 01:17 PM EST</time></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-bolevich"><img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f21032cd87efaaa50b956c67017cc05?s=96&d=mm&r=g" alt="Maria Bolevich" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[50px] headingSection_author_info__image___0MRY"/></a></div><div><p class="h4-style-desktop t-font-bold braintree-heading headingSection_text_no_wrap__9jTRs"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-bolevich">Maria Bolevich</a></p><ul class="author-social-links Author_socialLinks__pJtg4"><li><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" target="_blank" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#462b27342f276824292a23302f252e062f283223342335322f28212328212f282323342f28216825292b"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none"><path class="Author_svgPathStrokeColor__dJDYC" d="M2.25 7.75L10.4149 13.4654C11.0761 13.9283 11.4067 14.1597 11.7663 14.2493C12.0839 14.3285 12.4161 14.3285 12.7337 14.2493C13.0933 14.1597 13.4239 13.9283 14.0851 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3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="t-mb-4 md:t-mb-[16px] articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__pQ08x"><img alt="The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos" loading="lazy" width="584" height="421" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_5f85d1.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_5f85d1.jpg&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_5f85d1.jpg&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">The IceCube Neutrino Observatory.</p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/gallery/detector/#modulagallery-7032-2070">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Neutrinos, the elusive particles that rarely interact with matter, have fascinated physicists for decades. These enigmatic particles hold the key to understanding some of the universe’s most profound mysteries, from the origins of cosmic rays to the imbalance of matter and antimatter. </p> <p>Advances in neutrino research over the last decade have transformed theoretical ideas into groundbreaking discoveries, with cutting-edge projects like IceCube-Gen2, Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), and Fermilab leading the charge.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>In 2015, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald for their discovery that neutrinos have mass, a finding that fundamentally changed our understanding of matter. </p> <p>Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita tells <em>Interesting Engineering</em> that there has been consistent progress in neutrino research. When discussing the role of physics in addressing global challenges, he points out that physicists significantly contributed to early climate change research, as highlighted by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics. “The key role of physicists,” Kajita explains, “is to find ways to tackle very difficult questions using physics.”</p> <p>The fact that it took 25 years to observe the neutrino in the laboratory also shows how difficult it is to deal with neutrinos.</p> <p>Despite significant advances, major questions remain. Professor Eric B. Norman from UC Berkeley explains, “What is the absolute neutrino mass scale? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? And how do they relate to the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe?” These puzzles drive ongoing research into the fundamental nature of neutrinos.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mapping-the-milky-way-through-neutrino-eyes">Mapping the Milky Way through neutrino eyes</h2> <p>Located deep within the Antarctic ice, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the largest particle detector in the world. Its 5,000 optical sensors capture the fleeting Cherenkov light emitted when neutrinos interact with ice. In 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos originating from the Milky Way, marking a new era in multi-messenger astronomy. </p> <p>“These neutrinos travel across the galaxy, through the solar system, and pass through Earth before being detected by IceCube,” Dr. Lu Lu, a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, told IE.</p> <p>For the first time, Last year, scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos in the Milky Way. That is, we can <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9818" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">map the Milky Way</a> through the ‘eyes’ of neutrinos. </p> <p>Professor Lu said the “neutrino map” of our galaxy marked a new era in multi-messenger astronomy by combining insights from neutrinos, photons (light), and gravitational waves. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Because neutrinos can journey from the farthest reaches of the universe—and even from its very beginning—tracing them back to their origins is a significant challenge, particularly due to limited detection data. She emphasizes that advancing the field will require the development of much larger detectors.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-icecube-gen2-and-the-hyper-kamiokanda">IceCube-Gen2 and the Hyper-Kamiokanda</h2> <p>“We are currently in the research and development phase to develop and improve the Gen2 design. It’s an exciting time to witness the realization of particle-based cosmic studies and to contribute to the development of new technologies for future generations of neutrino hunters,” says Professor Lu. </p> <p>IceCube-Gen2 is set to revolutionize neutrino research by enabling scientists to precisely identify the origins and energies of cosmic neutrinos. According to Professor Lu, this next-generation facility at the South Pole will feature significantly more sensitive sensors, offering four times the detection efficiency of its predecessor.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Meanwhile, in Japan, the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) project marks another major leap forward. This massive cylindrical detector, standing 72 meters tall and 68 meters in diameter, is designed to study the differences between particles and antiparticles by observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillations. Researchers hope it will also unravel some of the mysteries of space when it begins operations in 2027, potentially opening a new chapter in the field of physics.</p> <p>Kajita expresses optimism about Hyper-Kamiokande’s potential, particularly in testing the concept of CP violation—subtle differences in the behavior of matter and antimatter under certain transformations. Hyper-Kamiokande is the most sensitive experiment to proton decay, and there is hope it will provide evidence for Grand Unification. Such discoveries, Kajita adds, could play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of particle physics and the fundamental forces of the universe.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fermilab-s-development-of-the-liquid-argon-neutrino-detector">Fermilab’s development of the liquid argon neutrino detector</h2> <p>In September of this year, researchers at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory observed the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/fermilabs-sbnd-detects-1st-neutrino-signals" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">first interactions</a> using their neutrino detector. </p> <p>Earlier in 2023, they also uncovered additional evidence suggesting that muons—subatomic particles smaller than atoms—oscillate far more than expected. Muons, which have a short lifespan, rapidly decay into electrons and neutrinos. They also possess a property called spin, causing them to behave like tiny magnets, swaying and spinning when exposed to a magnetic field. The researchers anticipate that more precise results from their experiments will be available by 2025.</p> <p>Stephen Parke, from Fermilab’s theory division, highlights the significant progress achieved with the liquid argon neutrino detector developed in collaboration with other scientists. He explains that these detectors offer exceptional detail in capturing neutrino interactions, surpassing the capabilities of other detection methods.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>When neutrinos interact with liquid argon, they produce charged particles that are detected by electronic components, which then transmit signals to a computer for analysis. </p> <p>However, maintaining the purity of liquid argon is crucial for accurate detection. Recently, an interdisciplinary research team identified a <a href="https://news.fnal.gov/2024/08/brazilian-researchers-discover-new-way-to-purify-liquid-argon-for-neutrino-experiments/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">filtration medium</a> capable of removing nitrogen contamination from liquid argon. Interestingly, this filter is a material already widely used in industrial applications.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-far-reaching-potential-of-neutrino-research">The far-reaching potential of neutrino research</h2> <p>Daniel D. Stancil, the Alcoa Distinguished Professor, and Executive Director of the IBM Quantum Hub at NC State, states that the Hyper-Kamiokande project seeks to address questions that could greatly enhance our understanding of the universe’s origin and evolution.</p> <p>“Although I don’t anticipate that the new physics knowledge will have immediate applications to global challenges, it is very difficult to anticipate what practical applications the new knowledge might ultimately enable—especially if viewed decades into the future,” says Stancil.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>He pointed out that when quantum mechanics was first being explored about a century ago, no one could have predicted its eventual applications, such as the microelectronic chips powering artificial intelligence or the lasers enabling global internet communication. He sees a strong potential use case for neutrino technology in submarine communications, leveraging the vast surrounding seawater as a detection medium.</p> <p>While neutrino research drives innovative technologies, it also tackles complex challenges, such as remote monitoring of nuclear reactors and developing advanced communication devices. According to Professor Eric B. Norman, one promising area is using neutrino detection to remotely monitor nuclear reactors and identify signs of fissionable material diversion for illicit nuclear weapons production.</p> <p>Expanding on this, Stephen Parke highlights the sheer scale of neutrino interactions, with trillions of particles passing through our bodies every second, requiring researchers to think creatively. “Perhaps a neutrino-based communication device could transmit signals through the Earth or even across the galaxy,” suggests Parke. “Another possibility is enhanced methods for remote nuclear reactor monitoring. 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1d:T23e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eNeutrinos, the elusive particles that rarely interact with matter, have fascinated physicists for decades. These enigmatic particles hold the key to understanding some of the universe\u0026#8217;s most profound mysteries, from the origins of cosmic rays to the imbalance of matter and antimatter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdvances in neutrino research over the last decade have transformed theoretical ideas into groundbreaking discoveries, with cutting-edge projects like IceCube-Gen2, Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), and Fermilab leading the charge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2015, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald for their discovery that neutrinos have mass, a finding that fundamentally changed our understanding of matter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJapanese physicist Takaaki Kajita tells \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that there has been consistent progress in neutrino research. When discussing the role of physics in addressing global challenges, he points out that physicists significantly contributed to early climate change research, as highlighted by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics. \u0026#8220;The key role of physicists,\u0026#8221; Kajita explains, \u0026#8220;is to find ways to tackle very difficult questions using physics.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that it took 25 years to observe the neutrino in the laboratory also shows how difficult it is to deal with neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite significant advances, major questions remain. Professor Eric B. Norman from UC Berkeley explains, \u0026#8220;What is the absolute neutrino mass scale? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? And how do they relate to the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe?\u0026#8221; These puzzles drive ongoing research into the fundamental nature of neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mapping-the-milky-way-through-neutrino-eyes\"\u003eMapping the Milky Way through neutrino eyes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLocated deep within the Antarctic ice, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the largest particle detector in the world. Its 5,000 optical sensors capture the fleeting Cherenkov light emitted when neutrinos interact with ice. In 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos originating from the Milky Way, marking a new era in multi-messenger astronomy. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These neutrinos travel across the galaxy, through the solar system, and pass through Earth before being detected by IceCube,\u0026#8221; Dr. Lu Lu, a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor the first time, Last year, scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos in the Milky Way. That is, we can \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emap the Milky Way\u003c/a\u003e through the \u0026#8216;eyes\u0026#8217; of neutrinos. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Lu said the \u0026#8220;neutrino map\u0026#8221; of our galaxy marked a new era in multi-messenger astronomy by combining insights from neutrinos, photons (light), and gravitational waves. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBecause neutrinos can journey from the farthest reaches of the universe—and even from its very beginning—tracing them back to their origins is a significant challenge, particularly due to limited detection data. She emphasizes that advancing the field will require the development of much larger detectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-icecube-gen2-and-the-hyper-kamiokanda\"\u003eIceCube-Gen2 and the Hyper-Kamiokanda\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We are currently in the research and development phase to develop and improve the Gen2 design. It\u0026#8217;s an exciting time to witness the realization of particle-based cosmic studies and to contribute to the development of new technologies for future generations of neutrino hunters,\u0026#8221; says Professor Lu. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIceCube-Gen2 is set to revolutionize neutrino research by enabling scientists to precisely identify the origins and energies of cosmic neutrinos. According to Professor Lu, this next-generation facility at the South Pole will feature significantly more sensitive sensors, offering four times the detection efficiency of its predecessor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, in Japan, the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) project marks another major leap forward. This massive cylindrical detector, standing 72 meters tall and 68 meters in diameter, is designed to study the differences between particles and antiparticles by observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillations. Researchers hope it will also unravel some of the mysteries of space when it begins operations in 2027, potentially opening a new chapter in the field of physics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKajita expresses optimism about Hyper-Kamiokande’s potential, particularly in testing the concept of CP violation—subtle differences in the behavior of matter and antimatter under certain transformations. Hyper-Kamiokande is the most sensitive experiment to proton decay, and there is hope it will provide evidence for Grand Unification. Such discoveries, Kajita adds, could play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of particle physics and the fundamental forces of the universe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fermilab-s-development-of-the-liquid-argon-neutrino-detector\"\u003eFermilab\u0026#8217;s development of the liquid argon neutrino detector\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September of this year, researchers at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory observed the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/fermilabs-sbnd-detects-1st-neutrino-signals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst interactions\u003c/a\u003e using their neutrino detector. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier in 2023, they also uncovered additional evidence suggesting that muons—subatomic particles smaller than atoms—oscillate far more than expected. Muons, which have a short lifespan, rapidly decay into electrons and neutrinos. They also possess a property called spin, causing them to behave like tiny magnets, swaying and spinning when exposed to a magnetic field. The researchers anticipate that more precise results from their experiments will be available by 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephen Parke, from Fermilab\u0026#8217;s theory division, highlights the significant progress achieved with the liquid argon neutrino detector developed in collaboration with other scientists. He explains that these detectors offer exceptional detail in capturing neutrino interactions, surpassing the capabilities of other detection methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen neutrinos interact with liquid argon, they produce charged particles that are detected by electronic components, which then transmit signals to a computer for analysis. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, maintaining the purity of liquid argon is crucial for accurate detection. Recently, an interdisciplinary research team identified a \u003ca href=\"https://news.fnal.gov/2024/08/brazilian-researchers-discover-new-way-to-purify-liquid-argon-for-neutrino-experiments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efiltration medium\u003c/a\u003e capable of removing nitrogen contamination from liquid argon. Interestingly, this filter is a material already widely used in industrial applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-far-reaching-potential-of-neutrino-research\"\u003eThe far-reaching potential of neutrino research\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDaniel D. Stancil, the Alcoa Distinguished Professor, and Executive Director of the IBM Quantum Hub at NC State, states that the Hyper-Kamiokande project seeks to address questions that could greatly enhance our understanding of the universe\u0026#8217;s origin and evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Although I don\u0026#8217;t anticipate that the new physics knowledge will have immediate applications to global challenges, it is very difficult to anticipate what practical applications the new knowledge might ultimately enable—especially if viewed decades into the future,\u0026#8221; says Stancil.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe pointed out that when quantum mechanics was first being explored about a century ago, no one could have predicted its eventual applications, such as the microelectronic chips powering artificial intelligence or the lasers enabling global internet communication. He sees a strong potential use case for neutrino technology in submarine communications, leveraging the vast surrounding seawater as a detection medium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile neutrino research drives innovative technologies, it also tackles complex challenges, such as remote monitoring of nuclear reactors and developing advanced communication devices. According to Professor Eric B. Norman, one promising area is using neutrino detection to remotely monitor nuclear reactors and identify signs of fissionable material diversion for illicit nuclear weapons production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eExpanding on this, Stephen Parke highlights the sheer scale of neutrino interactions, with trillions of particles passing through our bodies every second, requiring researchers to think creatively. \u0026#8220;Perhaps a neutrino-based communication device could transmit signals through the Earth or even across the galaxy,\u0026#8221; suggests Parke. \u0026#8220;Another possibility is enhanced methods for remote nuclear reactor monitoring. There are many possibilities,\u0026#8221; he concludes.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:T4b9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2015, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald for their discovery that neutrinos have mass, a finding that fundamentally changed our understanding of matter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJapanese physicist Takaaki Kajita tells \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that there has been consistent progress in neutrino research. When discussing the role of physics in addressing global challenges, he points out that physicists significantly contributed to early climate change research, as highlighted by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics. \u0026#8220;The key role of physicists,\u0026#8221; Kajita explains, \u0026#8220;is to find ways to tackle very difficult questions using physics.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that it took 25 years to observe the neutrino in the laboratory also shows how difficult it is to deal with neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite significant advances, major questions remain. Professor Eric B. Norman from UC Berkeley explains, \u0026#8220;What is the absolute neutrino mass scale? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? And how do they relate to the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe?\u0026#8221; These puzzles drive ongoing research into the fundamental nature of neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1f:T503,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mapping-the-milky-way-through-neutrino-eyes\"\u003eMapping the Milky Way through neutrino eyes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLocated deep within the Antarctic ice, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the largest particle detector in the world. Its 5,000 optical sensors capture the fleeting Cherenkov light emitted when neutrinos interact with ice. In 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos originating from the Milky Way, marking a new era in multi-messenger astronomy. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These neutrinos travel across the galaxy, through the solar system, and pass through Earth before being detected by IceCube,\u0026#8221; Dr. Lu Lu, a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor the first time, Last year, scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos in the Milky Way. That is, we can \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emap the Milky Way\u003c/a\u003e through the \u0026#8216;eyes\u0026#8217; of neutrinos. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Lu said the \u0026#8220;neutrino map\u0026#8221; of our galaxy marked a new era in multi-messenger astronomy by combining insights from neutrinos, photons (light), and gravitational waves. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:T45c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBecause neutrinos can journey from the farthest reaches of the universe—and even from its very beginning—tracing them back to their origins is a significant challenge, particularly due to limited detection data. She emphasizes that advancing the field will require the development of much larger detectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-icecube-gen2-and-the-hyper-kamiokanda\"\u003eIceCube-Gen2 and the Hyper-Kamiokanda\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We are currently in the research and development phase to develop and improve the Gen2 design. It\u0026#8217;s an exciting time to witness the realization of particle-based cosmic studies and to contribute to the development of new technologies for future generations of neutrino hunters,\u0026#8221; says Professor Lu. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIceCube-Gen2 is set to revolutionize neutrino research by enabling scientists to precisely identify the origins and energies of cosmic neutrinos. According to Professor Lu, this next-generation facility at the South Pole will feature significantly more sensitive sensors, offering four times the detection efficiency of its predecessor.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T515,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fermilab-s-development-of-the-liquid-argon-neutrino-detector\"\u003eFermilab\u0026#8217;s development of the liquid argon neutrino detector\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September of this year, researchers at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory observed the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/fermilabs-sbnd-detects-1st-neutrino-signals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst interactions\u003c/a\u003e using their neutrino detector. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier in 2023, they also uncovered additional evidence suggesting that muons—subatomic particles smaller than atoms—oscillate far more than expected. Muons, which have a short lifespan, rapidly decay into electrons and neutrinos. They also possess a property called spin, causing them to behave like tiny magnets, swaying and spinning when exposed to a magnetic field. The researchers anticipate that more precise results from their experiments will be available by 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephen Parke, from Fermilab\u0026#8217;s theory division, highlights the significant progress achieved with the liquid argon neutrino detector developed in collaboration with other scientists. He explains that these detectors offer exceptional detail in capturing neutrino interactions, surpassing the capabilities of other detection methods.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T596,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen neutrinos interact with liquid argon, they produce charged particles that are detected by electronic components, which then transmit signals to a computer for analysis. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, maintaining the purity of liquid argon is crucial for accurate detection. Recently, an interdisciplinary research team identified a \u003ca href=\"https://news.fnal.gov/2024/08/brazilian-researchers-discover-new-way-to-purify-liquid-argon-for-neutrino-experiments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efiltration medium\u003c/a\u003e capable of removing nitrogen contamination from liquid argon. Interestingly, this filter is a material already widely used in industrial applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-far-reaching-potential-of-neutrino-research\"\u003eThe far-reaching potential of neutrino research\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDaniel D. Stancil, the Alcoa Distinguished Professor, and Executive Director of the IBM Quantum Hub at NC State, states that the Hyper-Kamiokande project seeks to address questions that could greatly enhance our understanding of the universe\u0026#8217;s origin and evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Although I don\u0026#8217;t anticipate that the new physics knowledge will have immediate applications to global challenges, it is very difficult to anticipate what practical applications the new knowledge might ultimately enable—especially if viewed decades into the future,\u0026#8221; says Stancil.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T530,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe pointed out that when quantum mechanics was first being explored about a century ago, no one could have predicted its eventual applications, such as the microelectronic chips powering artificial intelligence or the lasers enabling global internet communication. He sees a strong potential use case for neutrino technology in submarine communications, leveraging the vast surrounding seawater as a detection medium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile neutrino research drives innovative technologies, it also tackles complex challenges, such as remote monitoring of nuclear reactors and developing advanced communication devices. According to Professor Eric B. Norman, one promising area is using neutrino detection to remotely monitor nuclear reactors and identify signs of fissionable material diversion for illicit nuclear weapons production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eExpanding on this, Stephen Parke highlights the sheer scale of neutrino interactions, with trillions of particles passing through our bodies every second, requiring researchers to think creatively. \u0026#8220;Perhaps a neutrino-based communication device could transmit signals through the Earth or even across the galaxy,\u0026#8221; suggests Parke. \u0026#8220;Another possibility is enhanced methods for remote nuclear reactor monitoring. There are many possibilities,\u0026#8221; he concludes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T1f49,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T12fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T62f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T49e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T208d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eeVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" 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property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T1681,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T4f3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T456,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T6e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T1c78,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 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Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-benefits\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T200e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"wordCount\":540,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"name\":\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - 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It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:T425,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T6b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T1f3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"547\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T14e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T49a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T2018,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"wordCount\":573,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; 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Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T4ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:T61e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T1ec7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSuperalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"wordCount\":604,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"name\":\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. 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Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T41f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T54c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T8a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T1cc6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/6941f82106e837617793aa38635c4fe3\"},\"headline\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot 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using the N1 implant to “an investigational assistive robotic arm.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe startup says that the launch of the study is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom in those that need it the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T46a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T5f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T4d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T1e8a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina\u0026#039;s new afterburner tech boosts thrust by 99%, to enhance combat\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese scientists report they have developed a game-changing jet engine afterburner with near-100% fuel efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u0026#039;s new afterburner tech boosts thrust by 99%, to enhance combat\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese scientists report they have developed a game-changing jet engine afterburner with near-100% fuel efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:33:22+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:38:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Chinese-afterburner.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2ff174fd7fd3b4725a23fe8d5339342f\"},\"headline\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; 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If true, this new technology could give Chinese jet aircraft a significant \u0026#8216;edge in air combat.\u0026#8217;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by researchers at the Aero Engine Academy of China in Beijing, the new afterburner technology has a burn efficiency of over 99%. This would meet the fuel efficiency of jet engines under cruise conditions. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the researchers, the new afterburner reduces engine vibration by as much as 80% under maximum operational loads. Again, if the claims are true, this would make the technology very efficient and reduce the risk of engine damage to levels not seen before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, afterburners work by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust gases from a jet engine. Due to this exhaust\u0026#8217;s already very high temperatures, the fuel is ignited, creating an additional, secondary combustion phase. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-near-100-efficient-afterburner\"\u003eNear 100% efficient afterburner\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ignition increases the volume and velocity of the exhaust gases, significantly boosting the engine\u0026#8217;s thrust. To handle the extra volume, the jet engine exhaust nozzle is typically expanded or widened to allow the added gas volume to exit the engine safely. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/aturba.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAfterburners \u003c/a\u003eare typically used for supersonic flight, combat situations like dogfights, or when rapid acceleration is required, such as during short takeoffs or emergencies. However, afterburners are worth the fuel investment as they can, in some circumstances, effectively double the thrust, albeit for a short time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn U.S. aircraft like the F-35 or F-22, afterburners can provide sustained added thrust, but their use is typically limited due to high fuel consumption and heat buildup. However, its use can increase \u003ca href=\"https://www.flyajetfighter.com/how-much-fuel-does-a-fighter-jet-consume/#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20the%20F135%20engine,engine%20technology%20and%20fuel%20consumption.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efuel consumption\u003c/a\u003e by as much as three times that of typical engine operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEngaging afterburners \u003c/a\u003ealso alters the visual characteristics of the exhaust, often producing a reddish or bright flame due to the high temperature of the secondary combustion. Continuous use can also run the risk of damaging the engine. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these challenges, a team of researchers led by engineer Wang Shiqi invented a new fuel nozzle. This nozzle allows pulsed fuel to travel along a Z-shaped path and be ejected at various angles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team called this design the \u0026#8220;self-exciting sweeping nozzle.\u0026#8221; It ensures fuel droplets form a fan shape, enabling better mixing with air.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-tech-has-already-been-patented\"\u003eThe tech has already been patented\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[It] can generate a frequency-sweeping jet with constantly changing ejection directions at the outlet, relying solely on inlet oil pressure without any moving or electromagnetic components, while achieving good fuel atomization and a wide spatial distribution range,” Wang’s team wrote in the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://Wang and his colleagues have named their invention the “self-excited sweeping nozzle”.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAccording to reports\u003c/a\u003e, the new afterburner nozzle already has a patent and received a gold medal at the Aero-Engine Corporation of China\u0026#8217;s Young Scientists Innovation Contest in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“When we first started this project, we weren’t sure if we could succeed. After several years without a breakthrough, I was uncertain too, but unexpectedly, we still received encouragement and support,” Wang said explained to the Chinese state-run \u003cem\u003ePeople’s Daily\u003c/em\u003e last April.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReflecting on the challenges of his team\u0026#8217;s work, Wang \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287740/chinese-scientists-increase-fighter-jet-afterburner-efficiency-nearly-100-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplained\u003c/a\u003e that, \u0026#8220;there’s a legend about a swordsmith who melted himself into the forge to create the strongest sword. I now deeply relate to that feeling, wanting to devote all my time to this.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T56e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the researchers, the new afterburner reduces engine vibration by as much as 80% under maximum operational loads. Again, if the claims are true, this would make the technology very efficient and reduce the risk of engine damage to levels not seen before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, afterburners work by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust gases from a jet engine. Due to this exhaust\u0026#8217;s already very high temperatures, the fuel is ignited, creating an additional, secondary combustion phase. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-near-100-efficient-afterburner\"\u003eNear 100% efficient afterburner\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ignition increases the volume and velocity of the exhaust gases, significantly boosting the engine\u0026#8217;s thrust. To handle the extra volume, the jet engine exhaust nozzle is typically expanded or widened to allow the added gas volume to exit the engine safely. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/aturba.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAfterburners \u003c/a\u003eare typically used for supersonic flight, combat situations like dogfights, or when rapid acceleration is required, such as during short takeoffs or emergencies. However, afterburners are worth the fuel investment as they can, in some circumstances, effectively double the thrust, albeit for a short time.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T51d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn U.S. aircraft like the F-35 or F-22, afterburners can provide sustained added thrust, but their use is typically limited due to high fuel consumption and heat buildup. However, its use can increase \u003ca href=\"https://www.flyajetfighter.com/how-much-fuel-does-a-fighter-jet-consume/#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20the%20F135%20engine,engine%20technology%20and%20fuel%20consumption.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efuel consumption\u003c/a\u003e by as much as three times that of typical engine operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEngaging afterburners \u003c/a\u003ealso alters the visual characteristics of the exhaust, often producing a reddish or bright flame due to the high temperature of the secondary combustion. Continuous use can also run the risk of damaging the engine. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these challenges, a team of researchers led by engineer Wang Shiqi invented a new fuel nozzle. This nozzle allows pulsed fuel to travel along a Z-shaped path and be ejected at various angles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team called this design the \u0026#8220;self-exciting sweeping nozzle.\u0026#8221; It ensures fuel droplets form a fan shape, enabling better mixing with air.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T639,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-tech-has-already-been-patented\"\u003eThe tech has already been patented\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[It] can generate a frequency-sweeping jet with constantly changing ejection directions at the outlet, relying solely on inlet oil pressure without any moving or electromagnetic components, while achieving good fuel atomization and a wide spatial distribution range,” Wang’s team wrote in the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://Wang and his colleagues have named their invention the “self-excited sweeping nozzle”.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAccording to reports\u003c/a\u003e, the new afterburner nozzle already has a patent and received a gold medal at the Aero-Engine Corporation of China\u0026#8217;s Young Scientists Innovation Contest in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“When we first started this project, we weren’t sure if we could succeed. After several years without a breakthrough, I was uncertain too, but unexpectedly, we still received encouragement and support,” Wang said explained to the Chinese state-run \u003cem\u003ePeople’s Daily\u003c/em\u003e last April.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReflecting on the challenges of his team\u0026#8217;s work, Wang \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287740/chinese-scientists-increase-fighter-jet-afterburner-efficiency-nearly-100-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplained\u003c/a\u003e that, \u0026#8220;there’s a legend about a swordsmith who melted himself into the forge to create the strongest sword. I now deeply relate to that feeling, wanting to devote all my time to this.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T1fbe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBreakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Breakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"wordCount\":533,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"caption\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). 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Credit: Philip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T1316,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T804,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Ossuary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. 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Pictured are pieces of the filter. Credits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"324\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T15d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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Bulimulidae.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"33\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T1ec7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSuperalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. 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A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"wordCount\":604,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"name\":\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"720\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T1818,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T41f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T54c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T8a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T1e61,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNASA finds lost Cold War US military base buried under Greenland ice\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Camp Century, a Cold War-era military base built in 1959, was recently rediscovered buried beneath Greenland\u0026#039;s ice sheet.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NASA finds lost Cold War US military base buried under Greenland ice\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Camp Century, a Cold War-era military base built in 1959, was recently rediscovered buried beneath Greenland\u0026#039;s ice sheet.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:19:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:19:48+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-47-3.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/78c2214b57e99edf55d54e28e5313455\"},\"headline\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/bbDLCIbaX9k\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"266\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:19:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T1401,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a remarkable discovery during an April 2024 flyover of Greenland, NASA scientists uncovered the remnants of a hidden city buried deep beneath the ice.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKnown as Camp Century, this Cold War-era U.S. military base lies buried under 100 feet of the Greenland Ice Sheet. NASA\u0026#8217;s Chad Greene, aboard a Gulfstream III aircraft, captured a striking radar image revealing the site.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We were looking for the bed of the ice and out pops Camp Century,” said Alex Gardner, a NASA cryospheric scientist. “We didn’t know what it was at first.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eerie discovery is part of an effort to map Greenland’s ice using advanced radar technology, though uncovering an abandoned base wasn’t on the agenda. Built in 1959 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Camp Century once stretched across 21 underground tunnels spanning 9,800 feet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-secret-mission-of-camp-century\"\u003eThe secret mission of Camp Century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/camp-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCamp Century\u003c/a\u003e was no ordinary base. Constructed in one of the planet\u0026#8217;s harshest climates—with temperatures plunging to -70°F (-57°C) and winds exceeding 120 mph (193 kph)—the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-overseas-military-base-combodia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e housed 200 soldiers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOfficially a research facility, it also concealed \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/11/13/project-iceworm-greenland-nuclear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProject Iceworm\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026#8221; a covert plan to store nuclear missiles in ice tunnels for potential strikes on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the dynamic and unstable ice made the project unworkable. By 1967, the base was decommissioned, leaving behind hazardous materials, including 47,000 gallons of radioactive waste. According to the Atomic Heritage Foundation, this waste and the remnants of Camp Century remain entombed beneath the ice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/roman-military-camp-near-alps-battlefield\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e also featured the PM-2A, one of the first portable nuclear reactors, which powered the site. While its purpose has long since faded, Camp Century continues to intrigue scientists and historians alike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scientific-discoveries-and-environmental-concerns\"\u003eScientific discoveries and environmental concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century’s legacy extends beyond Cold War history. Soil cores recovered during its operation have been invaluable in understanding Earth’s ancient climate. Studied with modern techniques, these cores reveal that Greenland was once a lush, verdant region home to mastodons, forests, and diverse wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the new data, individual structures in the secret city are visible in a way that they’ve never been seen before,” \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chad Greene. Using NASA’s advanced radar technology, the April 2024 survey offered unprecedented clarity of Camp Century\u0026#8217;s layout.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology, known as Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), is designed to map the internal layers of ice sheets and the bedrock below. It functions similarly to lidar, which is often used to uncover hidden structures like ancient Maya ruins.\u0026nbsp; \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, instead of laser light, UAVSAR uses radio waves to penetrate dense surfaces and generate detailed images of what lies beneath.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century remains frozen for now, but there are concerns about Greenland’s melting ice potentially exposing its buried waste. This waste includes \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eradioactive\u003c/a\u003e and biological materials, which pose environmental risks. For now, the rediscovery offers a fascinating glimpse into military history. It also serves as a reminder of the enduring consequences of Cold War-era activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs scientists continue to explore the icy depths of Greenland, Camp Century reminds us of human creativity and engineering skills. It also highlights the unexpected outcomes of bold projects from the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the Iron Dome Still Effective Enough?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/bbDLCIbaX9k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T621,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eerie discovery is part of an effort to map Greenland’s ice using advanced radar technology, though uncovering an abandoned base wasn’t on the agenda. Built in 1959 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Camp Century once stretched across 21 underground tunnels spanning 9,800 feet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-secret-mission-of-camp-century\"\u003eThe secret mission of Camp Century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/camp-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCamp Century\u003c/a\u003e was no ordinary base. Constructed in one of the planet\u0026#8217;s harshest climates—with temperatures plunging to -70°F (-57°C) and winds exceeding 120 mph (193 kph)—the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-overseas-military-base-combodia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e housed 200 soldiers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOfficially a research facility, it also concealed \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/11/13/project-iceworm-greenland-nuclear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProject Iceworm\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026#8221; a covert plan to store nuclear missiles in ice tunnels for potential strikes on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the dynamic and unstable ice made the project unworkable. By 1967, the base was decommissioned, leaving behind hazardous materials, including 47,000 gallons of radioactive waste. According to the Atomic Heritage Foundation, this waste and the remnants of Camp Century remain entombed beneath the ice.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T604,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/roman-military-camp-near-alps-battlefield\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e also featured the PM-2A, one of the first portable nuclear reactors, which powered the site. While its purpose has long since faded, Camp Century continues to intrigue scientists and historians alike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scientific-discoveries-and-environmental-concerns\"\u003eScientific discoveries and environmental concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century’s legacy extends beyond Cold War history. Soil cores recovered during its operation have been invaluable in understanding Earth’s ancient climate. Studied with modern techniques, these cores reveal that Greenland was once a lush, verdant region home to mastodons, forests, and diverse wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the new data, individual structures in the secret city are visible in a way that they’ve never been seen before,” \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chad Greene. Using NASA’s advanced radar technology, the April 2024 survey offered unprecedented clarity of Camp Century\u0026#8217;s layout.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology, known as Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), is designed to map the internal layers of ice sheets and the bedrock below. It functions similarly to lidar, which is often used to uncover hidden structures like ancient Maya ruins.\u0026nbsp; \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T598,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, instead of laser light, UAVSAR uses radio waves to penetrate dense surfaces and generate detailed images of what lies beneath.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century remains frozen for now, but there are concerns about Greenland’s melting ice potentially exposing its buried waste. This waste includes \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eradioactive\u003c/a\u003e and biological materials, which pose environmental risks. For now, the rediscovery offers a fascinating glimpse into military history. It also serves as a reminder of the enduring consequences of Cold War-era activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs scientists continue to explore the icy depths of Greenland, Camp Century reminds us of human creativity and engineering skills. It also highlights the unexpected outcomes of bold projects from the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the Iron Dome Still Effective Enough?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/bbDLCIbaX9k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T1efa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpaceX to launch NASA’s nuclear-powered helicopter to Saturn’s moon\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SpaceX to launch NASA’s nuclear-powered helicopter to Saturn’s moon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T08:59:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:17:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE_dddcda.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1BzD6Pn4Pb0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"39\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T08:59:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T119e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s SpaceX has been roped in to launch NASA’s ambitious Dragonfly mission in 2028.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis $3.35 billion mission will send a nuclear-powered rotorcraft lander to Titan to investigate its habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The Dragonfly mission currently has a targeted launch period from July 5, 2028, to July 25, 2028, on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida,” the US space agency announced in the statement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor this, NASA has awarded a “firm-fixed-price contract” of $256.6 million to SpaceX.\u0026nbsp; This deal covers the cost of launching the Dragonfly mission on a SpaceX rocket, as well as other related expenses associated with the mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rotorcraft-lander-mission\"\u003eRotorcraft lander mission \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mysterious moon is a world unlike any other. Titan is the only moon in our solar system with a significant atmosphere. As per NASA, beyond Earth, Titan is the only world known to have liquid rivers, lakes, and seas. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTitan has the potential to harbor life in various forms. Its subsurface water could support life while its hydrocarbon lakes and seas might host exotic life forms with different chemical processes. However, it\u0026#8217;s also possible that Titan is a “lifeless world.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it arrives, Dragonfly will become the first rotorcraft to fly on another world. This rotorcraft lander will both fly and land at diverse locations to collect samples and analyze them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach will allow it to explore a variety of terrains, from icy plains to towering dunes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe car-sized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-nuclear-powered-drone-saturn-2028\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDragonfly\u003c/a\u003e will look for signs of Titan’s prebiotic chemistry, searching for the building blocks of life. It will explore specific areas on Titan where conditions might have been favorable for the development of life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese areas are likely to have a mix of carbon-rich materials and liquid water, which are essential ingredients for life as we know it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission will analyze the chemical composition of these areas to look for signs of past or present life.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Saturn\u0026#039;s Moon: Mimas\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1BzD6Pn4Pb0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-six-years-to-reach-titan\"\u003eSix years to reach Titan\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut the journey to this fascinating natural satellite of our solar system will be a long one. Earth and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/titan-facts-about-saturns-largest-moon\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTitan\u003c/a\u003e are separated by a distance of 746 million miles (1.2 billion kilometers). Therefore, it will take roughly six years to reach Titan. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUpon arrival, it is expected to spend at least two years exploring Titan. The spacecraft will have various scientific instruments to collect and send data to its Earth-based mission controllers. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;With contributions from partners around the globe, Dragonfly’s scientific payload will characterize the habitability of Titan\u0026#8217;s environment,” NASA stated in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-launch-services-contract-for-dragonfly-mission/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, it will help us understand the potential for life beyond Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission was originally scheduled for a 2025 launch but faced delays due to budgetary constraints.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from sending and returning astronauts from the International Space Station, NASA has trusted SpaceX with several high-profile space missions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePreviously, the same rocket launched NASA\u0026#8217;s Psyche asteroid probe in October 2023 and the Europa Clipper spacecraft in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T421,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor this, NASA has awarded a “firm-fixed-price contract” of $256.6 million to SpaceX.\u0026nbsp; This deal covers the cost of launching the Dragonfly mission on a SpaceX rocket, as well as other related expenses associated with the mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rotorcraft-lander-mission\"\u003eRotorcraft lander mission \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mysterious moon is a world unlike any other. Titan is the only moon in our solar system with a significant atmosphere. As per NASA, beyond Earth, Titan is the only world known to have liquid rivers, lakes, and seas. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTitan has the potential to harbor life in various forms. Its subsurface water could support life while its hydrocarbon lakes and seas might host exotic life forms with different chemical processes. However, it\u0026#8217;s also possible that Titan is a “lifeless world.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it arrives, Dragonfly will become the first rotorcraft to fly on another world. This rotorcraft lander will both fly and land at diverse locations to collect samples and analyze them.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T79b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach will allow it to explore a variety of terrains, from icy plains to towering dunes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe car-sized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-nuclear-powered-drone-saturn-2028\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDragonfly\u003c/a\u003e will look for signs of Titan’s prebiotic chemistry, searching for the building blocks of life. It will explore specific areas on Titan where conditions might have been favorable for the development of life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese areas are likely to have a mix of carbon-rich materials and liquid water, which are essential ingredients for life as we know it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission will analyze the chemical composition of these areas to look for signs of past or present life.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Saturn\u0026#039;s Moon: Mimas\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1BzD6Pn4Pb0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-six-years-to-reach-titan\"\u003eSix years to reach Titan\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut the journey to this fascinating natural satellite of our solar system will be a long one. Earth and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/titan-facts-about-saturns-largest-moon\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTitan\u003c/a\u003e are separated by a distance of 746 million miles (1.2 billion kilometers). Therefore, it will take roughly six years to reach Titan. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUpon arrival, it is expected to spend at least two years exploring Titan. The spacecraft will have various scientific instruments to collect and send data to its Earth-based mission controllers. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T1ca0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e150-million-year-old flowers shed light on plant sex determination\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new study on Amborella trichopoda reveals new insights into plant sex determination, shedding light on the evolution of flowering plants.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flower-reproductive-evolution-sex-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"150-million-year-old flowers shed light on plant sex determination\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new study on Amborella trichopoda reveals new insights into plant sex determination, shedding light on the evolution of flowering plants.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flower-reproductive-evolution-sex-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T00:40:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T00:41:43+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T013433.125.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T155d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003ePlant reproduction plays a vital role in our food systems and the balance of ecosystems, yet it remains a complex process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the factors influencing plant sex is essential for advancing modern agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study published in \u003cem\u003eNature Plants\u003c/em\u003e has provided new insights into the intricate reproductive strategies of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study focused on \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, a fascinating species that helps illuminate the early evolution of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significance-of-amborella\"\u003eSignificance of Amborella\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLed by researchers from the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology and the University of Georgia, the study investigates the genetics of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, the sole surviving member of an ancient lineage of flowering plants that diverged from their relatives approximately 150 million years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis unique genetic makeup offers a valuable perspective on how flowering plants have evolved and diversified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2013, an international team co-led by Professor Jim Leebens-Mack completed the first draft of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, which has since become a benchmark for studying flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initial work has been highly influential, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereceiving\u003c/a\u003e over 575 citations in scientific literature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The evolutionary lineage leading to \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e diverged from all other flowering plants about 150 million years ago,” explains Leebens-Mack. “This foundational genome has enabled comparative analyses that trace the genetic origins of flowering plants and their precursors.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-developments-in-genome-analysis\"\u003eNew developments in genome analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest research has built upon the original \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, improving insights into its reproductive evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlex Harkess, PhD, a former student in Leebens-Mack’s lab and now a faculty investigator at HudsonAlpha, has been instrumental in this work alongside his mentee, Sarah Carey, PhD.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey collaborated with Leebens-Mack and colleagues to analyze the newly assembled \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHarkess reflects on the transformative experience of working on the original genome project, noting, “It allowed me to engage with cutting-edge technologies and software that are essential for handling the massive genomic data we generated.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCarey, who specialized in analyzing sex chromosomes in her \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epostdoctoral\u003c/a\u003e work, played a key role in the genome assembly process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, the team utilized advanced sequencing and computational tools to construct a clearer picture of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discoveries-about-sex-chromosomes\"\u003eDiscoveries about sex chromosomes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the exciting outcomes of this study was the identification of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e sex chromosomes, designated as Z and W, which differ from the human X and Y chromosomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new genome assembly made it easier for researchers to locate these sex chromosomes and investigate their characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne interesting finding is that \u003cem\u003eAmborella’s\u003c/em\u003e Z and W chromosomes are relatively young, forming more than 100 million years after the species diverged from other flowering plants. This timing provides clues about the evolution of sex determination in plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, sex chromosomes undergo \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecombination\u003c/a\u003e, exchanging genetic material with their partners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this recombination eventually halts in many species, including humans, leading to distinct genetic characteristics on each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the team discovered signs of suppressed recombination in \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e, the Z and W chromosomes still show strong similarities, complicating the assembly of each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our cytogenetics-by-sequencing pipeline was crucial in pinpointing the border on the sex chromosomes where recombination ceases,” Carey explains. Understanding this boundary is essential because it likely contains genes responsible for developing male and female flowers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThrough their detailed analysis, the team identified two significant genes believed to play a role in differentiating male and female plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe insights gained from the study of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e highlight the complexities of plant reproduction and the factors that influence it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs researchers continue to explore the genetic foundations of flowering plants, these findings promise to enhance our understanding of plant diversity and inform agricultural practices essential for food security and ecosystem health.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T40e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study published in \u003cem\u003eNature Plants\u003c/em\u003e has provided new insights into the intricate reproductive strategies of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study focused on \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, a fascinating species that helps illuminate the early evolution of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significance-of-amborella\"\u003eSignificance of Amborella\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLed by researchers from the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology and the University of Georgia, the study investigates the genetics of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, the sole surviving member of an ancient lineage of flowering plants that diverged from their relatives approximately 150 million years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis unique genetic makeup offers a valuable perspective on how flowering plants have evolved and diversified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2013, an international team co-led by Professor Jim Leebens-Mack completed the first draft of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, which has since become a benchmark for studying flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T555,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initial work has been highly influential, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereceiving\u003c/a\u003e over 575 citations in scientific literature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The evolutionary lineage leading to \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e diverged from all other flowering plants about 150 million years ago,” explains Leebens-Mack. “This foundational genome has enabled comparative analyses that trace the genetic origins of flowering plants and their precursors.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-developments-in-genome-analysis\"\u003eNew developments in genome analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest research has built upon the original \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, improving insights into its reproductive evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlex Harkess, PhD, a former student in Leebens-Mack’s lab and now a faculty investigator at HudsonAlpha, has been instrumental in this work alongside his mentee, Sarah Carey, PhD.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey collaborated with Leebens-Mack and colleagues to analyze the newly assembled \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHarkess reflects on the transformative experience of working on the original genome project, noting, “It allowed me to engage with cutting-edge technologies and software that are essential for handling the massive genomic data we generated.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T598,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCarey, who specialized in analyzing sex chromosomes in her \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epostdoctoral\u003c/a\u003e work, played a key role in the genome assembly process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, the team utilized advanced sequencing and computational tools to construct a clearer picture of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discoveries-about-sex-chromosomes\"\u003eDiscoveries about sex chromosomes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the exciting outcomes of this study was the identification of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e sex chromosomes, designated as Z and W, which differ from the human X and Y chromosomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new genome assembly made it easier for researchers to locate these sex chromosomes and investigate their characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne interesting finding is that \u003cem\u003eAmborella’s\u003c/em\u003e Z and W chromosomes are relatively young, forming more than 100 million years after the species diverged from other flowering plants. This timing provides clues about the evolution of sex determination in plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, sex chromosomes undergo \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecombination\u003c/a\u003e, exchanging genetic material with their partners.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T1c7b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS Marines confirm F-35C fighter’s first-ever use in combat air strike\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The US Marine Corps achieved a milestone with the first combat deployment of an F-35C Lightning II fighter aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US Marines confirm F-35C fighter’s first-ever use in combat air strike\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The US Marine Corps achieved a milestone with the first combat deployment of an F-35C Lightning II fighter aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T21:08:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T21:08:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T003000.761.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring this mission, VMFA 314 targeted Houthi weapons storage facilities located within Houthi-controlled territories in Yemen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese facilities were not only critical to the Houthis’ operations but also housed various conventional weapons, including anti-ship missiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combat-debut\"\u003eCombat debut\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Iranian-backed Houthis have utilized these weapons to threaten US and international military and civilian vessels navigating the crucial maritime corridors of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLt. Col. Jeffrey \u0026#8220;Wiki\u0026#8221; Davis, the commanding officer of VMFA-314, expressed pride in being the first squadron to deploy the F-35C in combat, stating, “The F-35C demonstrated its warfighting advantage by transiting contested airspace and striking targets in the heart of Houthi territory over multiple days. My Marines are honored to be first to fight with the F-35C.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is a fifth-generation, long-range stealth fighter jet used by the US Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. This multi-role aircraft is designed for various missions, including air-to-air combat, air-to-ground strikes, surveillance, and electronic warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCapt. Gerald “Dutch” Tritz, commander of CVW 9, highlighted the importance of the F-35C’s capabilities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3972429/us-marine-squadron-conduct-first-combat-strikes-using-f-35c-platform/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaying\u003c/a\u003e, “The offensive and defensive capabilities of the F-35C absolutely enhance our air wing\u0026#8217;s striking arm. The now battle-tested Air Wing of the Future has proven itself a game changer across all carrier air wing missions.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVMFA 314, known as the “Black Knights,” transitioned from the F-18 to the F-35C in 2020, marking them as the first fleet squadron in the Navy and Marine Corps to operate the fifth-generation fighter aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have a rich history, being the first operational Marine squadron to fly the F-4 Phantom and F-18 Hornet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-f-35c-fighter\"\u003eF-35C fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is tailored for operations aboard aircraft \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/cruise-missile-could-pose-threat-to-shanghai-pla-war-games\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarriers\u003c/a\u003e, with features specifically designed to meet naval requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can launch via catapults and land using arrestor wires, making it highly adaptable for maritime aviation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith a wingspan of 43 feet, the F-35C provides enhanced lift for carrier takeoffs and landings, and its wingtips are foldable to maximize space on crowded decks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDue to its larger fuel capacity, the F-35C boasts the longest internal combat range of over 1,200 nautical miles. This allows for long missions with minimal reliance on aerial refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts stealth features are supported by radar-absorbent materials and a low-observable design, enabling the aircraft to evade detection while carrying weapons internally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEquipped with advanced sensors, including the Distributed Aperture System (DAS) for situational awareness, an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, and an Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS), the F-35C enhances its effectiveness in combat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese systems integrate seamlessly to provide a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-j35as-similar-with-f-35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclear\u003c/a\u003e and comprehensive operational environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eContrary to the F-35B, which prioritizes vertical lift and has a reduced payload, the F-35C maximizes range and endurance without sacrificing operational capability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is designed explicitly for carrier operations, marking a significant advancement in naval aviation and underscoring the US Marine Corps’ commitment to maintaining a technological edge in combat operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T448,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese facilities were not only critical to the Houthis’ operations but also housed various conventional weapons, including anti-ship missiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combat-debut\"\u003eCombat debut\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Iranian-backed Houthis have utilized these weapons to threaten US and international military and civilian vessels navigating the crucial maritime corridors of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLt. Col. Jeffrey \u0026#8220;Wiki\u0026#8221; Davis, the commanding officer of VMFA-314, expressed pride in being the first squadron to deploy the F-35C in combat, stating, “The F-35C demonstrated its warfighting advantage by transiting contested airspace and striking targets in the heart of Houthi territory over multiple days. My Marines are honored to be first to fight with the F-35C.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is a fifth-generation, long-range stealth fighter jet used by the US Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. This multi-role aircraft is designed for various missions, including air-to-air combat, air-to-ground strikes, surveillance, and electronic warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T56a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCapt. Gerald “Dutch” Tritz, commander of CVW 9, highlighted the importance of the F-35C’s capabilities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3972429/us-marine-squadron-conduct-first-combat-strikes-using-f-35c-platform/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaying\u003c/a\u003e, “The offensive and defensive capabilities of the F-35C absolutely enhance our air wing\u0026#8217;s striking arm. The now battle-tested Air Wing of the Future has proven itself a game changer across all carrier air wing missions.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVMFA 314, known as the “Black Knights,” transitioned from the F-18 to the F-35C in 2020, marking them as the first fleet squadron in the Navy and Marine Corps to operate the fifth-generation fighter aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have a rich history, being the first operational Marine squadron to fly the F-4 Phantom and F-18 Hornet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-f-35c-fighter\"\u003eF-35C fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is tailored for operations aboard aircraft \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/cruise-missile-could-pose-threat-to-shanghai-pla-war-games\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarriers\u003c/a\u003e, with features specifically designed to meet naval requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can launch via catapults and land using arrestor wires, making it highly adaptable for maritime aviation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T412,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith a wingspan of 43 feet, the F-35C provides enhanced lift for carrier takeoffs and landings, and its wingtips are foldable to maximize space on crowded decks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDue to its larger fuel capacity, the F-35C boasts the longest internal combat range of over 1,200 nautical miles. This allows for long missions with minimal reliance on aerial refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts stealth features are supported by radar-absorbent materials and a low-observable design, enabling the aircraft to evade detection while carrying weapons internally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEquipped with advanced sensors, including the Distributed Aperture System (DAS) for situational awareness, an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, and an Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS), the F-35C enhances its effectiveness in combat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese systems integrate seamlessly to provide a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-j35as-similar-with-f-35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclear\u003c/a\u003e and comprehensive operational environment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T1bc1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHow neutrino science is redefining our understanding of matter and space\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2023, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory confirmed high-energy neutrinos from the Milky Way, marking a new era in astronomy.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How neutrino science is redefining our understanding of matter and space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 2023, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory confirmed high-energy neutrinos from the Milky Way, marking a new era in astronomy.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T18:17:40+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T18:17:48+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_5f85d1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Bolevich\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@1989_mariab\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Bolevich\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria 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These enigmatic particles hold the key to understanding some of the universe\u0026#8217;s most profound mysteries, from the origins of cosmic rays to the imbalance of matter and antimatter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdvances in neutrino research over the last decade have transformed theoretical ideas into groundbreaking discoveries, with cutting-edge projects like IceCube-Gen2, Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), and Fermilab leading the charge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2015, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald for their discovery that neutrinos have mass, a finding that fundamentally changed our understanding of matter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJapanese physicist Takaaki Kajita tells \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that there has been consistent progress in neutrino research. When discussing the role of physics in addressing global challenges, he points out that physicists significantly contributed to early climate change research, as highlighted by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics. \u0026#8220;The key role of physicists,\u0026#8221; Kajita explains, \u0026#8220;is to find ways to tackle very difficult questions using physics.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that it took 25 years to observe the neutrino in the laboratory also shows how difficult it is to deal with neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite significant advances, major questions remain. Professor Eric B. Norman from UC Berkeley explains, \u0026#8220;What is the absolute neutrino mass scale? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? And how do they relate to the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe?\u0026#8221; These puzzles drive ongoing research into the fundamental nature of neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mapping-the-milky-way-through-neutrino-eyes\"\u003eMapping the Milky Way through neutrino eyes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLocated deep within the Antarctic ice, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the largest particle detector in the world. Its 5,000 optical sensors capture the fleeting Cherenkov light emitted when neutrinos interact with ice. In 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos originating from the Milky Way, marking a new era in multi-messenger astronomy. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These neutrinos travel across the galaxy, through the solar system, and pass through Earth before being detected by IceCube,\u0026#8221; Dr. Lu Lu, a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor the first time, Last year, scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos in the Milky Way. That is, we can \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emap the Milky Way\u003c/a\u003e through the \u0026#8216;eyes\u0026#8217; of neutrinos. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Lu said the \u0026#8220;neutrino map\u0026#8221; of our galaxy marked a new era in multi-messenger astronomy by combining insights from neutrinos, photons (light), and gravitational waves. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBecause neutrinos can journey from the farthest reaches of the universe—and even from its very beginning—tracing them back to their origins is a significant challenge, particularly due to limited detection data. She emphasizes that advancing the field will require the development of much larger detectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-icecube-gen2-and-the-hyper-kamiokanda\"\u003eIceCube-Gen2 and the Hyper-Kamiokanda\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We are currently in the research and development phase to develop and improve the Gen2 design. It\u0026#8217;s an exciting time to witness the realization of particle-based cosmic studies and to contribute to the development of new technologies for future generations of neutrino hunters,\u0026#8221; says Professor Lu. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIceCube-Gen2 is set to revolutionize neutrino research by enabling scientists to precisely identify the origins and energies of cosmic neutrinos. According to Professor Lu, this next-generation facility at the South Pole will feature significantly more sensitive sensors, offering four times the detection efficiency of its predecessor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, in Japan, the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) project marks another major leap forward. This massive cylindrical detector, standing 72 meters tall and 68 meters in diameter, is designed to study the differences between particles and antiparticles by observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillations. Researchers hope it will also unravel some of the mysteries of space when it begins operations in 2027, potentially opening a new chapter in the field of physics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKajita expresses optimism about Hyper-Kamiokande’s potential, particularly in testing the concept of CP violation—subtle differences in the behavior of matter and antimatter under certain transformations. Hyper-Kamiokande is the most sensitive experiment to proton decay, and there is hope it will provide evidence for Grand Unification. Such discoveries, Kajita adds, could play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of particle physics and the fundamental forces of the universe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fermilab-s-development-of-the-liquid-argon-neutrino-detector\"\u003eFermilab\u0026#8217;s development of the liquid argon neutrino detector\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September of this year, researchers at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory observed the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/fermilabs-sbnd-detects-1st-neutrino-signals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst interactions\u003c/a\u003e using their neutrino detector. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier in 2023, they also uncovered additional evidence suggesting that muons—subatomic particles smaller than atoms—oscillate far more than expected. Muons, which have a short lifespan, rapidly decay into electrons and neutrinos. They also possess a property called spin, causing them to behave like tiny magnets, swaying and spinning when exposed to a magnetic field. The researchers anticipate that more precise results from their experiments will be available by 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephen Parke, from Fermilab\u0026#8217;s theory division, highlights the significant progress achieved with the liquid argon neutrino detector developed in collaboration with other scientists. He explains that these detectors offer exceptional detail in capturing neutrino interactions, surpassing the capabilities of other detection methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen neutrinos interact with liquid argon, they produce charged particles that are detected by electronic components, which then transmit signals to a computer for analysis. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, maintaining the purity of liquid argon is crucial for accurate detection. Recently, an interdisciplinary research team identified a \u003ca href=\"https://news.fnal.gov/2024/08/brazilian-researchers-discover-new-way-to-purify-liquid-argon-for-neutrino-experiments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efiltration medium\u003c/a\u003e capable of removing nitrogen contamination from liquid argon. Interestingly, this filter is a material already widely used in industrial applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-far-reaching-potential-of-neutrino-research\"\u003eThe far-reaching potential of neutrino research\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDaniel D. Stancil, the Alcoa Distinguished Professor, and Executive Director of the IBM Quantum Hub at NC State, states that the Hyper-Kamiokande project seeks to address questions that could greatly enhance our understanding of the universe\u0026#8217;s origin and evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Although I don\u0026#8217;t anticipate that the new physics knowledge will have immediate applications to global challenges, it is very difficult to anticipate what practical applications the new knowledge might ultimately enable—especially if viewed decades into the future,\u0026#8221; says Stancil.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe pointed out that when quantum mechanics was first being explored about a century ago, no one could have predicted its eventual applications, such as the microelectronic chips powering artificial intelligence or the lasers enabling global internet communication. He sees a strong potential use case for neutrino technology in submarine communications, leveraging the vast surrounding seawater as a detection medium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile neutrino research drives innovative technologies, it also tackles complex challenges, such as remote monitoring of nuclear reactors and developing advanced communication devices. According to Professor Eric B. Norman, one promising area is using neutrino detection to remotely monitor nuclear reactors and identify signs of fissionable material diversion for illicit nuclear weapons production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eExpanding on this, Stephen Parke highlights the sheer scale of neutrino interactions, with trillions of particles passing through our bodies every second, requiring researchers to think creatively. \u0026#8220;Perhaps a neutrino-based communication device could transmit signals through the Earth or even across the galaxy,\u0026#8221; suggests Parke. \u0026#8220;Another possibility is enhanced methods for remote nuclear reactor monitoring. There are many possibilities,\u0026#8221; he concludes.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T4b9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2015, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald for their discovery that neutrinos have mass, a finding that fundamentally changed our understanding of matter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJapanese physicist Takaaki Kajita tells \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that there has been consistent progress in neutrino research. When discussing the role of physics in addressing global challenges, he points out that physicists significantly contributed to early climate change research, as highlighted by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics. \u0026#8220;The key role of physicists,\u0026#8221; Kajita explains, \u0026#8220;is to find ways to tackle very difficult questions using physics.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that it took 25 years to observe the neutrino in the laboratory also shows how difficult it is to deal with neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite significant advances, major questions remain. Professor Eric B. Norman from UC Berkeley explains, \u0026#8220;What is the absolute neutrino mass scale? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? And how do they relate to the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe?\u0026#8221; These puzzles drive ongoing research into the fundamental nature of neutrinos.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T503,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mapping-the-milky-way-through-neutrino-eyes\"\u003eMapping the Milky Way through neutrino eyes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLocated deep within the Antarctic ice, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the largest particle detector in the world. Its 5,000 optical sensors capture the fleeting Cherenkov light emitted when neutrinos interact with ice. In 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos originating from the Milky Way, marking a new era in multi-messenger astronomy. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These neutrinos travel across the galaxy, through the solar system, and pass through Earth before being detected by IceCube,\u0026#8221; Dr. Lu Lu, a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor the first time, Last year, scientists confirmed the existence of high-energy neutrinos in the Milky Way. That is, we can \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emap the Milky Way\u003c/a\u003e through the \u0026#8216;eyes\u0026#8217; of neutrinos. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Lu said the \u0026#8220;neutrino map\u0026#8221; of our galaxy marked a new era in multi-messenger astronomy by combining insights from neutrinos, photons (light), and gravitational waves. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T45c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBecause neutrinos can journey from the farthest reaches of the universe—and even from its very beginning—tracing them back to their origins is a significant challenge, particularly due to limited detection data. She emphasizes that advancing the field will require the development of much larger detectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-icecube-gen2-and-the-hyper-kamiokanda\"\u003eIceCube-Gen2 and the Hyper-Kamiokanda\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We are currently in the research and development phase to develop and improve the Gen2 design. It\u0026#8217;s an exciting time to witness the realization of particle-based cosmic studies and to contribute to the development of new technologies for future generations of neutrino hunters,\u0026#8221; says Professor Lu. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIceCube-Gen2 is set to revolutionize neutrino research by enabling scientists to precisely identify the origins and energies of cosmic neutrinos. According to Professor Lu, this next-generation facility at the South Pole will feature significantly more sensitive sensors, offering four times the detection efficiency of its predecessor.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T515,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fermilab-s-development-of-the-liquid-argon-neutrino-detector\"\u003eFermilab\u0026#8217;s development of the liquid argon neutrino detector\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September of this year, researchers at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory observed the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/fermilabs-sbnd-detects-1st-neutrino-signals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst interactions\u003c/a\u003e using their neutrino detector. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier in 2023, they also uncovered additional evidence suggesting that muons—subatomic particles smaller than atoms—oscillate far more than expected. Muons, which have a short lifespan, rapidly decay into electrons and neutrinos. They also possess a property called spin, causing them to behave like tiny magnets, swaying and spinning when exposed to a magnetic field. The researchers anticipate that more precise results from their experiments will be available by 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephen Parke, from Fermilab\u0026#8217;s theory division, highlights the significant progress achieved with the liquid argon neutrino detector developed in collaboration with other scientists. He explains that these detectors offer exceptional detail in capturing neutrino interactions, surpassing the capabilities of other detection methods.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T596,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen neutrinos interact with liquid argon, they produce charged particles that are detected by electronic components, which then transmit signals to a computer for analysis. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, maintaining the purity of liquid argon is crucial for accurate detection. Recently, an interdisciplinary research team identified a \u003ca href=\"https://news.fnal.gov/2024/08/brazilian-researchers-discover-new-way-to-purify-liquid-argon-for-neutrino-experiments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efiltration medium\u003c/a\u003e capable of removing nitrogen contamination from liquid argon. Interestingly, this filter is a material already widely used in industrial applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-far-reaching-potential-of-neutrino-research\"\u003eThe far-reaching potential of neutrino research\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDaniel D. Stancil, the Alcoa Distinguished Professor, and Executive Director of the IBM Quantum Hub at NC State, states that the Hyper-Kamiokande project seeks to address questions that could greatly enhance our understanding of the universe\u0026#8217;s origin and evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Although I don\u0026#8217;t anticipate that the new physics knowledge will have immediate applications to global challenges, it is very difficult to anticipate what practical applications the new knowledge might ultimately enable—especially if viewed decades into the future,\u0026#8221; says Stancil.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T530,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe pointed out that when quantum mechanics was first being explored about a century ago, no one could have predicted its eventual applications, such as the microelectronic chips powering artificial intelligence or the lasers enabling global internet communication. He sees a strong potential use case for neutrino technology in submarine communications, leveraging the vast surrounding seawater as a detection medium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile neutrino research drives innovative technologies, it also tackles complex challenges, such as remote monitoring of nuclear reactors and developing advanced communication devices. According to Professor Eric B. Norman, one promising area is using neutrino detection to remotely monitor nuclear reactors and identify signs of fissionable material diversion for illicit nuclear weapons production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eExpanding on this, Stephen Parke highlights the sheer scale of neutrino interactions, with trillions of particles passing through our bodies every second, requiring researchers to think creatively. \u0026#8220;Perhaps a neutrino-based communication device could transmit signals through the Earth or even across the galaxy,\u0026#8221; suggests Parke. \u0026#8220;Another possibility is enhanced methods for remote nuclear reactor monitoring. There are many possibilities,\u0026#8221; he concludes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T1f49,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T12fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T62f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T49e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T208d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eeVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"eVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T1681,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T4f3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"90:T456,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T6e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T1c78,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T10bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-benefits\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T200e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"wordCount\":540,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"name\":\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - 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It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T425,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T6b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T1f3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"547\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T14e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T49a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T2018,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"wordCount\":573,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; 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Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T4ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:T61e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T1ec7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSuperalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"wordCount\":604,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"name\":\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. 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Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T41f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T54c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T8a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T1cc6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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using the N1 implant to “an investigational assistive robotic arm.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe startup says that the launch of the study is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom in those that need it the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T46a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T5f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:T4d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T1e8a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina\u0026#039;s new afterburner tech boosts thrust by 99%, to enhance combat\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese scientists report they have developed a game-changing jet engine afterburner with near-100% fuel efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u0026#039;s new afterburner tech boosts thrust by 99%, to enhance combat\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese scientists report they have developed a game-changing jet engine afterburner with near-100% fuel efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:33:22+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:38:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Chinese-afterburner.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2ff174fd7fd3b4725a23fe8d5339342f\"},\"headline\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; 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If true, this new technology could give Chinese jet aircraft a significant \u0026#8216;edge in air combat.\u0026#8217;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by researchers at the Aero Engine Academy of China in Beijing, the new afterburner technology has a burn efficiency of over 99%. This would meet the fuel efficiency of jet engines under cruise conditions. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the researchers, the new afterburner reduces engine vibration by as much as 80% under maximum operational loads. Again, if the claims are true, this would make the technology very efficient and reduce the risk of engine damage to levels not seen before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, afterburners work by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust gases from a jet engine. Due to this exhaust\u0026#8217;s already very high temperatures, the fuel is ignited, creating an additional, secondary combustion phase. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-near-100-efficient-afterburner\"\u003eNear 100% efficient afterburner\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ignition increases the volume and velocity of the exhaust gases, significantly boosting the engine\u0026#8217;s thrust. To handle the extra volume, the jet engine exhaust nozzle is typically expanded or widened to allow the added gas volume to exit the engine safely. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/aturba.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAfterburners \u003c/a\u003eare typically used for supersonic flight, combat situations like dogfights, or when rapid acceleration is required, such as during short takeoffs or emergencies. However, afterburners are worth the fuel investment as they can, in some circumstances, effectively double the thrust, albeit for a short time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn U.S. aircraft like the F-35 or F-22, afterburners can provide sustained added thrust, but their use is typically limited due to high fuel consumption and heat buildup. However, its use can increase \u003ca href=\"https://www.flyajetfighter.com/how-much-fuel-does-a-fighter-jet-consume/#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20the%20F135%20engine,engine%20technology%20and%20fuel%20consumption.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efuel consumption\u003c/a\u003e by as much as three times that of typical engine operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEngaging afterburners \u003c/a\u003ealso alters the visual characteristics of the exhaust, often producing a reddish or bright flame due to the high temperature of the secondary combustion. Continuous use can also run the risk of damaging the engine. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these challenges, a team of researchers led by engineer Wang Shiqi invented a new fuel nozzle. This nozzle allows pulsed fuel to travel along a Z-shaped path and be ejected at various angles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team called this design the \u0026#8220;self-exciting sweeping nozzle.\u0026#8221; It ensures fuel droplets form a fan shape, enabling better mixing with air.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-tech-has-already-been-patented\"\u003eThe tech has already been patented\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[It] can generate a frequency-sweeping jet with constantly changing ejection directions at the outlet, relying solely on inlet oil pressure without any moving or electromagnetic components, while achieving good fuel atomization and a wide spatial distribution range,” Wang’s team wrote in the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://Wang and his colleagues have named their invention the “self-excited sweeping nozzle”.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAccording to reports\u003c/a\u003e, the new afterburner nozzle already has a patent and received a gold medal at the Aero-Engine Corporation of China\u0026#8217;s Young Scientists Innovation Contest in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“When we first started this project, we weren’t sure if we could succeed. After several years without a breakthrough, I was uncertain too, but unexpectedly, we still received encouragement and support,” Wang said explained to the Chinese state-run \u003cem\u003ePeople’s Daily\u003c/em\u003e last April.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReflecting on the challenges of his team\u0026#8217;s work, Wang \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287740/chinese-scientists-increase-fighter-jet-afterburner-efficiency-nearly-100-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplained\u003c/a\u003e that, \u0026#8220;there’s a legend about a swordsmith who melted himself into the forge to create the strongest sword. I now deeply relate to that feeling, wanting to devote all my time to this.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T56e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the researchers, the new afterburner reduces engine vibration by as much as 80% under maximum operational loads. Again, if the claims are true, this would make the technology very efficient and reduce the risk of engine damage to levels not seen before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, afterburners work by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust gases from a jet engine. Due to this exhaust\u0026#8217;s already very high temperatures, the fuel is ignited, creating an additional, secondary combustion phase. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-near-100-efficient-afterburner\"\u003eNear 100% efficient afterburner\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ignition increases the volume and velocity of the exhaust gases, significantly boosting the engine\u0026#8217;s thrust. To handle the extra volume, the jet engine exhaust nozzle is typically expanded or widened to allow the added gas volume to exit the engine safely. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/aturba.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAfterburners \u003c/a\u003eare typically used for supersonic flight, combat situations like dogfights, or when rapid acceleration is required, such as during short takeoffs or emergencies. However, afterburners are worth the fuel investment as they can, in some circumstances, effectively double the thrust, albeit for a short time.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T51d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn U.S. aircraft like the F-35 or F-22, afterburners can provide sustained added thrust, but their use is typically limited due to high fuel consumption and heat buildup. However, its use can increase \u003ca href=\"https://www.flyajetfighter.com/how-much-fuel-does-a-fighter-jet-consume/#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20the%20F135%20engine,engine%20technology%20and%20fuel%20consumption.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efuel consumption\u003c/a\u003e by as much as three times that of typical engine operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEngaging afterburners \u003c/a\u003ealso alters the visual characteristics of the exhaust, often producing a reddish or bright flame due to the high temperature of the secondary combustion. Continuous use can also run the risk of damaging the engine. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these challenges, a team of researchers led by engineer Wang Shiqi invented a new fuel nozzle. This nozzle allows pulsed fuel to travel along a Z-shaped path and be ejected at various angles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team called this design the \u0026#8220;self-exciting sweeping nozzle.\u0026#8221; It ensures fuel droplets form a fan shape, enabling better mixing with air.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T639,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-tech-has-already-been-patented\"\u003eThe tech has already been patented\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[It] can generate a frequency-sweeping jet with constantly changing ejection directions at the outlet, relying solely on inlet oil pressure without any moving or electromagnetic components, while achieving good fuel atomization and a wide spatial distribution range,” Wang’s team wrote in the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://Wang and his colleagues have named their invention the “self-excited sweeping nozzle”.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAccording to reports\u003c/a\u003e, the new afterburner nozzle already has a patent and received a gold medal at the Aero-Engine Corporation of China\u0026#8217;s Young Scientists Innovation Contest in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“When we first started this project, we weren’t sure if we could succeed. After several years without a breakthrough, I was uncertain too, but unexpectedly, we still received encouragement and support,” Wang said explained to the Chinese state-run \u003cem\u003ePeople’s Daily\u003c/em\u003e last April.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReflecting on the challenges of his team\u0026#8217;s work, Wang \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287740/chinese-scientists-increase-fighter-jet-afterburner-efficiency-nearly-100-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplained\u003c/a\u003e that, \u0026#8220;there’s a legend about a swordsmith who melted himself into the forge to create the strongest sword. I now deeply relate to that feeling, wanting to devote all my time to this.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T1fbe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBreakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Breakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"wordCount\":533,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"caption\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). 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Credit: Philip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T1316,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T804,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Ossuary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. 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Pictured are pieces of the filter. Credits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"324\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T15d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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Bulimulidae.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"33\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T1ec7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSuperalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. 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A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"wordCount\":604,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"name\":\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"720\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T1818,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:T41f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T54c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T8a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T1e61,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNASA finds lost Cold War US military base buried under Greenland ice\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Camp Century, a Cold War-era military base built in 1959, was recently rediscovered buried beneath Greenland\u0026#039;s ice sheet.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NASA finds lost Cold War US military base buried under Greenland ice\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Camp Century, a Cold War-era military base built in 1959, was recently rediscovered buried beneath Greenland\u0026#039;s ice sheet.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:19:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:19:48+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-47-3.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/78c2214b57e99edf55d54e28e5313455\"},\"headline\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/bbDLCIbaX9k\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"266\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:19:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T1401,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a remarkable discovery during an April 2024 flyover of Greenland, NASA scientists uncovered the remnants of a hidden city buried deep beneath the ice.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKnown as Camp Century, this Cold War-era U.S. military base lies buried under 100 feet of the Greenland Ice Sheet. NASA\u0026#8217;s Chad Greene, aboard a Gulfstream III aircraft, captured a striking radar image revealing the site.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We were looking for the bed of the ice and out pops Camp Century,” said Alex Gardner, a NASA cryospheric scientist. “We didn’t know what it was at first.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eerie discovery is part of an effort to map Greenland’s ice using advanced radar technology, though uncovering an abandoned base wasn’t on the agenda. Built in 1959 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Camp Century once stretched across 21 underground tunnels spanning 9,800 feet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-secret-mission-of-camp-century\"\u003eThe secret mission of Camp Century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/camp-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCamp Century\u003c/a\u003e was no ordinary base. Constructed in one of the planet\u0026#8217;s harshest climates—with temperatures plunging to -70°F (-57°C) and winds exceeding 120 mph (193 kph)—the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-overseas-military-base-combodia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e housed 200 soldiers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOfficially a research facility, it also concealed \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/11/13/project-iceworm-greenland-nuclear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProject Iceworm\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026#8221; a covert plan to store nuclear missiles in ice tunnels for potential strikes on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the dynamic and unstable ice made the project unworkable. By 1967, the base was decommissioned, leaving behind hazardous materials, including 47,000 gallons of radioactive waste. According to the Atomic Heritage Foundation, this waste and the remnants of Camp Century remain entombed beneath the ice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/roman-military-camp-near-alps-battlefield\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e also featured the PM-2A, one of the first portable nuclear reactors, which powered the site. While its purpose has long since faded, Camp Century continues to intrigue scientists and historians alike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scientific-discoveries-and-environmental-concerns\"\u003eScientific discoveries and environmental concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century’s legacy extends beyond Cold War history. Soil cores recovered during its operation have been invaluable in understanding Earth’s ancient climate. Studied with modern techniques, these cores reveal that Greenland was once a lush, verdant region home to mastodons, forests, and diverse wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the new data, individual structures in the secret city are visible in a way that they’ve never been seen before,” \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chad Greene. Using NASA’s advanced radar technology, the April 2024 survey offered unprecedented clarity of Camp Century\u0026#8217;s layout.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology, known as Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), is designed to map the internal layers of ice sheets and the bedrock below. It functions similarly to lidar, which is often used to uncover hidden structures like ancient Maya ruins.\u0026nbsp; \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, instead of laser light, UAVSAR uses radio waves to penetrate dense surfaces and generate detailed images of what lies beneath.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century remains frozen for now, but there are concerns about Greenland’s melting ice potentially exposing its buried waste. This waste includes \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eradioactive\u003c/a\u003e and biological materials, which pose environmental risks. For now, the rediscovery offers a fascinating glimpse into military history. It also serves as a reminder of the enduring consequences of Cold War-era activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs scientists continue to explore the icy depths of Greenland, Camp Century reminds us of human creativity and engineering skills. It also highlights the unexpected outcomes of bold projects from the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the Iron Dome Still Effective Enough?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/bbDLCIbaX9k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T621,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eerie discovery is part of an effort to map Greenland’s ice using advanced radar technology, though uncovering an abandoned base wasn’t on the agenda. Built in 1959 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Camp Century once stretched across 21 underground tunnels spanning 9,800 feet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-secret-mission-of-camp-century\"\u003eThe secret mission of Camp Century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/camp-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCamp Century\u003c/a\u003e was no ordinary base. Constructed in one of the planet\u0026#8217;s harshest climates—with temperatures plunging to -70°F (-57°C) and winds exceeding 120 mph (193 kph)—the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-overseas-military-base-combodia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e housed 200 soldiers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOfficially a research facility, it also concealed \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/11/13/project-iceworm-greenland-nuclear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProject Iceworm\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026#8221; a covert plan to store nuclear missiles in ice tunnels for potential strikes on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the dynamic and unstable ice made the project unworkable. By 1967, the base was decommissioned, leaving behind hazardous materials, including 47,000 gallons of radioactive waste. According to the Atomic Heritage Foundation, this waste and the remnants of Camp Century remain entombed beneath the ice.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T604,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/roman-military-camp-near-alps-battlefield\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebase\u003c/a\u003e also featured the PM-2A, one of the first portable nuclear reactors, which powered the site. While its purpose has long since faded, Camp Century continues to intrigue scientists and historians alike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scientific-discoveries-and-environmental-concerns\"\u003eScientific discoveries and environmental concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century’s legacy extends beyond Cold War history. Soil cores recovered during its operation have been invaluable in understanding Earth’s ancient climate. Studied with modern techniques, these cores reveal that Greenland was once a lush, verdant region home to mastodons, forests, and diverse wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the new data, individual structures in the secret city are visible in a way that they’ve never been seen before,” \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chad Greene. Using NASA’s advanced radar technology, the April 2024 survey offered unprecedented clarity of Camp Century\u0026#8217;s layout.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology, known as Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), is designed to map the internal layers of ice sheets and the bedrock below. It functions similarly to lidar, which is often used to uncover hidden structures like ancient Maya ruins.\u0026nbsp; \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T598,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, instead of laser light, UAVSAR uses radio waves to penetrate dense surfaces and generate detailed images of what lies beneath.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCamp Century remains frozen for now, but there are concerns about Greenland’s melting ice potentially exposing its buried waste. This waste includes \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eradioactive\u003c/a\u003e and biological materials, which pose environmental risks. For now, the rediscovery offers a fascinating glimpse into military history. It also serves as a reminder of the enduring consequences of Cold War-era activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs scientists continue to explore the icy depths of Greenland, Camp Century reminds us of human creativity and engineering skills. It also highlights the unexpected outcomes of bold projects from the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the Iron Dome Still Effective Enough?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/bbDLCIbaX9k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T1efa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpaceX to launch NASA’s nuclear-powered helicopter to Saturn’s moon\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SpaceX to launch NASA’s nuclear-powered helicopter to Saturn’s moon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T08:59:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:17:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE_dddcda.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1BzD6Pn4Pb0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"39\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T08:59:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T119e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s SpaceX has been roped in to launch NASA’s ambitious Dragonfly mission in 2028.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis $3.35 billion mission will send a nuclear-powered rotorcraft lander to Titan to investigate its habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The Dragonfly mission currently has a targeted launch period from July 5, 2028, to July 25, 2028, on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida,” the US space agency announced in the statement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor this, NASA has awarded a “firm-fixed-price contract” of $256.6 million to SpaceX.\u0026nbsp; This deal covers the cost of launching the Dragonfly mission on a SpaceX rocket, as well as other related expenses associated with the mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rotorcraft-lander-mission\"\u003eRotorcraft lander mission \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mysterious moon is a world unlike any other. Titan is the only moon in our solar system with a significant atmosphere. As per NASA, beyond Earth, Titan is the only world known to have liquid rivers, lakes, and seas. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTitan has the potential to harbor life in various forms. Its subsurface water could support life while its hydrocarbon lakes and seas might host exotic life forms with different chemical processes. However, it\u0026#8217;s also possible that Titan is a “lifeless world.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it arrives, Dragonfly will become the first rotorcraft to fly on another world. This rotorcraft lander will both fly and land at diverse locations to collect samples and analyze them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach will allow it to explore a variety of terrains, from icy plains to towering dunes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe car-sized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-nuclear-powered-drone-saturn-2028\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDragonfly\u003c/a\u003e will look for signs of Titan’s prebiotic chemistry, searching for the building blocks of life. It will explore specific areas on Titan where conditions might have been favorable for the development of life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese areas are likely to have a mix of carbon-rich materials and liquid water, which are essential ingredients for life as we know it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission will analyze the chemical composition of these areas to look for signs of past or present life.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Saturn\u0026#039;s Moon: Mimas\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1BzD6Pn4Pb0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-six-years-to-reach-titan\"\u003eSix years to reach Titan\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut the journey to this fascinating natural satellite of our solar system will be a long one. Earth and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/titan-facts-about-saturns-largest-moon\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTitan\u003c/a\u003e are separated by a distance of 746 million miles (1.2 billion kilometers). Therefore, it will take roughly six years to reach Titan. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUpon arrival, it is expected to spend at least two years exploring Titan. The spacecraft will have various scientific instruments to collect and send data to its Earth-based mission controllers. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;With contributions from partners around the globe, Dragonfly’s scientific payload will characterize the habitability of Titan\u0026#8217;s environment,” NASA stated in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-launch-services-contract-for-dragonfly-mission/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, it will help us understand the potential for life beyond Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission was originally scheduled for a 2025 launch but faced delays due to budgetary constraints.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from sending and returning astronauts from the International Space Station, NASA has trusted SpaceX with several high-profile space missions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePreviously, the same rocket launched NASA\u0026#8217;s Psyche asteroid probe in October 2023 and the Europa Clipper spacecraft in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T421,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor this, NASA has awarded a “firm-fixed-price contract” of $256.6 million to SpaceX.\u0026nbsp; This deal covers the cost of launching the Dragonfly mission on a SpaceX rocket, as well as other related expenses associated with the mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rotorcraft-lander-mission\"\u003eRotorcraft lander mission \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mysterious moon is a world unlike any other. Titan is the only moon in our solar system with a significant atmosphere. As per NASA, beyond Earth, Titan is the only world known to have liquid rivers, lakes, and seas. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTitan has the potential to harbor life in various forms. Its subsurface water could support life while its hydrocarbon lakes and seas might host exotic life forms with different chemical processes. However, it\u0026#8217;s also possible that Titan is a “lifeless world.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it arrives, Dragonfly will become the first rotorcraft to fly on another world. This rotorcraft lander will both fly and land at diverse locations to collect samples and analyze them.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:T79b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach will allow it to explore a variety of terrains, from icy plains to towering dunes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe car-sized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-nuclear-powered-drone-saturn-2028\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDragonfly\u003c/a\u003e will look for signs of Titan’s prebiotic chemistry, searching for the building blocks of life. It will explore specific areas on Titan where conditions might have been favorable for the development of life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese areas are likely to have a mix of carbon-rich materials and liquid water, which are essential ingredients for life as we know it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission will analyze the chemical composition of these areas to look for signs of past or present life.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Saturn\u0026#039;s Moon: Mimas\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1BzD6Pn4Pb0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-six-years-to-reach-titan\"\u003eSix years to reach Titan\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut the journey to this fascinating natural satellite of our solar system will be a long one. Earth and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/titan-facts-about-saturns-largest-moon\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTitan\u003c/a\u003e are separated by a distance of 746 million miles (1.2 billion kilometers). Therefore, it will take roughly six years to reach Titan. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUpon arrival, it is expected to spend at least two years exploring Titan. The spacecraft will have various scientific instruments to collect and send data to its Earth-based mission controllers. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T1ca0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e150-million-year-old flowers shed light on plant sex determination\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new study on Amborella trichopoda reveals new insights into plant sex determination, shedding light on the evolution of flowering plants.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flower-reproductive-evolution-sex-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"150-million-year-old flowers shed light on plant sex determination\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new study on Amborella trichopoda reveals new insights into plant sex determination, shedding light on the evolution of flowering plants.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flower-reproductive-evolution-sex-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T00:40:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T00:41:43+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T013433.125.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T155d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003ePlant reproduction plays a vital role in our food systems and the balance of ecosystems, yet it remains a complex process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the factors influencing plant sex is essential for advancing modern agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study published in \u003cem\u003eNature Plants\u003c/em\u003e has provided new insights into the intricate reproductive strategies of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study focused on \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, a fascinating species that helps illuminate the early evolution of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significance-of-amborella\"\u003eSignificance of Amborella\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLed by researchers from the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology and the University of Georgia, the study investigates the genetics of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, the sole surviving member of an ancient lineage of flowering plants that diverged from their relatives approximately 150 million years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis unique genetic makeup offers a valuable perspective on how flowering plants have evolved and diversified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2013, an international team co-led by Professor Jim Leebens-Mack completed the first draft of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, which has since become a benchmark for studying flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initial work has been highly influential, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereceiving\u003c/a\u003e over 575 citations in scientific literature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The evolutionary lineage leading to \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e diverged from all other flowering plants about 150 million years ago,” explains Leebens-Mack. “This foundational genome has enabled comparative analyses that trace the genetic origins of flowering plants and their precursors.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-developments-in-genome-analysis\"\u003eNew developments in genome analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest research has built upon the original \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, improving insights into its reproductive evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlex Harkess, PhD, a former student in Leebens-Mack’s lab and now a faculty investigator at HudsonAlpha, has been instrumental in this work alongside his mentee, Sarah Carey, PhD.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey collaborated with Leebens-Mack and colleagues to analyze the newly assembled \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHarkess reflects on the transformative experience of working on the original genome project, noting, “It allowed me to engage with cutting-edge technologies and software that are essential for handling the massive genomic data we generated.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCarey, who specialized in analyzing sex chromosomes in her \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epostdoctoral\u003c/a\u003e work, played a key role in the genome assembly process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, the team utilized advanced sequencing and computational tools to construct a clearer picture of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discoveries-about-sex-chromosomes\"\u003eDiscoveries about sex chromosomes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the exciting outcomes of this study was the identification of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e sex chromosomes, designated as Z and W, which differ from the human X and Y chromosomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new genome assembly made it easier for researchers to locate these sex chromosomes and investigate their characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne interesting finding is that \u003cem\u003eAmborella’s\u003c/em\u003e Z and W chromosomes are relatively young, forming more than 100 million years after the species diverged from other flowering plants. This timing provides clues about the evolution of sex determination in plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, sex chromosomes undergo \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecombination\u003c/a\u003e, exchanging genetic material with their partners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this recombination eventually halts in many species, including humans, leading to distinct genetic characteristics on each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the team discovered signs of suppressed recombination in \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e, the Z and W chromosomes still show strong similarities, complicating the assembly of each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our cytogenetics-by-sequencing pipeline was crucial in pinpointing the border on the sex chromosomes where recombination ceases,” Carey explains. Understanding this boundary is essential because it likely contains genes responsible for developing male and female flowers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThrough their detailed analysis, the team identified two significant genes believed to play a role in differentiating male and female plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe insights gained from the study of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e highlight the complexities of plant reproduction and the factors that influence it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs researchers continue to explore the genetic foundations of flowering plants, these findings promise to enhance our understanding of plant diversity and inform agricultural practices essential for food security and ecosystem health.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T40e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study published in \u003cem\u003eNature Plants\u003c/em\u003e has provided new insights into the intricate reproductive strategies of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study focused on \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, a fascinating species that helps illuminate the early evolution of flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significance-of-amborella\"\u003eSignificance of Amborella\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLed by researchers from the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology and the University of Georgia, the study investigates the genetics of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e, the sole surviving member of an ancient lineage of flowering plants that diverged from their relatives approximately 150 million years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis unique genetic makeup offers a valuable perspective on how flowering plants have evolved and diversified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2013, an international team co-led by Professor Jim Leebens-Mack completed the first draft of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, which has since become a benchmark for studying flowering plants.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T555,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initial work has been highly influential, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereceiving\u003c/a\u003e over 575 citations in scientific literature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The evolutionary lineage leading to \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e diverged from all other flowering plants about 150 million years ago,” explains Leebens-Mack. “This foundational genome has enabled comparative analyses that trace the genetic origins of flowering plants and their precursors.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-developments-in-genome-analysis\"\u003eNew developments in genome analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest research has built upon the original \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome, improving insights into its reproductive evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlex Harkess, PhD, a former student in Leebens-Mack’s lab and now a faculty investigator at HudsonAlpha, has been instrumental in this work alongside his mentee, Sarah Carey, PhD.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey collaborated with Leebens-Mack and colleagues to analyze the newly assembled \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHarkess reflects on the transformative experience of working on the original genome project, noting, “It allowed me to engage with cutting-edge technologies and software that are essential for handling the massive genomic data we generated.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"de:T598,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCarey, who specialized in analyzing sex chromosomes in her \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epostdoctoral\u003c/a\u003e work, played a key role in the genome assembly process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, the team utilized advanced sequencing and computational tools to construct a clearer picture of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e genome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discoveries-about-sex-chromosomes\"\u003eDiscoveries about sex chromosomes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the exciting outcomes of this study was the identification of the \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e sex chromosomes, designated as Z and W, which differ from the human X and Y chromosomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new genome assembly made it easier for researchers to locate these sex chromosomes and investigate their characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne interesting finding is that \u003cem\u003eAmborella’s\u003c/em\u003e Z and W chromosomes are relatively young, forming more than 100 million years after the species diverged from other flowering plants. This timing provides clues about the evolution of sex determination in plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, sex chromosomes undergo \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecombination\u003c/a\u003e, exchanging genetic material with their partners.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T1c7b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS Marines confirm F-35C fighter’s first-ever use in combat air strike\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The US Marine Corps achieved a milestone with the first combat deployment of an F-35C Lightning II fighter aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" 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carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring this mission, VMFA 314 targeted Houthi weapons storage facilities located within Houthi-controlled territories in Yemen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese facilities were not only critical to the Houthis’ operations but also housed various conventional weapons, including anti-ship missiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combat-debut\"\u003eCombat debut\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Iranian-backed Houthis have utilized these weapons to threaten US and international military and civilian vessels navigating the crucial maritime corridors of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLt. Col. Jeffrey \u0026#8220;Wiki\u0026#8221; Davis, the commanding officer of VMFA-314, expressed pride in being the first squadron to deploy the F-35C in combat, stating, “The F-35C demonstrated its warfighting advantage by transiting contested airspace and striking targets in the heart of Houthi territory over multiple days. My Marines are honored to be first to fight with the F-35C.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is a fifth-generation, long-range stealth fighter jet used by the US Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. This multi-role aircraft is designed for various missions, including air-to-air combat, air-to-ground strikes, surveillance, and electronic warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCapt. Gerald “Dutch” Tritz, commander of CVW 9, highlighted the importance of the F-35C’s capabilities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3972429/us-marine-squadron-conduct-first-combat-strikes-using-f-35c-platform/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaying\u003c/a\u003e, “The offensive and defensive capabilities of the F-35C absolutely enhance our air wing\u0026#8217;s striking arm. The now battle-tested Air Wing of the Future has proven itself a game changer across all carrier air wing missions.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVMFA 314, known as the “Black Knights,” transitioned from the F-18 to the F-35C in 2020, marking them as the first fleet squadron in the Navy and Marine Corps to operate the fifth-generation fighter aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have a rich history, being the first operational Marine squadron to fly the F-4 Phantom and F-18 Hornet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-f-35c-fighter\"\u003eF-35C fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is tailored for operations aboard aircraft \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/cruise-missile-could-pose-threat-to-shanghai-pla-war-games\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarriers\u003c/a\u003e, with features specifically designed to meet naval requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can launch via catapults and land using arrestor wires, making it highly adaptable for maritime aviation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith a wingspan of 43 feet, the F-35C provides enhanced lift for carrier takeoffs and landings, and its wingtips are foldable to maximize space on crowded decks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDue to its larger fuel capacity, the F-35C boasts the longest internal combat range of over 1,200 nautical miles. This allows for long missions with minimal reliance on aerial refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts stealth features are supported by radar-absorbent materials and a low-observable design, enabling the aircraft to evade detection while carrying weapons internally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEquipped with advanced sensors, including the Distributed Aperture System (DAS) for situational awareness, an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, and an Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS), the F-35C enhances its effectiveness in combat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese systems integrate seamlessly to provide a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-j35as-similar-with-f-35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclear\u003c/a\u003e and comprehensive operational environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eContrary to the F-35B, which prioritizes vertical lift and has a reduced payload, the F-35C maximizes range and endurance without sacrificing operational capability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is designed explicitly for carrier operations, marking a significant advancement in naval aviation and underscoring the US Marine Corps’ commitment to maintaining a technological edge in combat operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:T448,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese facilities were not only critical to the Houthis’ operations but also housed various conventional weapons, including anti-ship missiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combat-debut\"\u003eCombat debut\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Iranian-backed Houthis have utilized these weapons to threaten US and international military and civilian vessels navigating the crucial maritime corridors of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLt. Col. Jeffrey \u0026#8220;Wiki\u0026#8221; Davis, the commanding officer of VMFA-314, expressed pride in being the first squadron to deploy the F-35C in combat, stating, “The F-35C demonstrated its warfighting advantage by transiting contested airspace and striking targets in the heart of Houthi territory over multiple days. My Marines are honored to be first to fight with the F-35C.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is a fifth-generation, long-range stealth fighter jet used by the US Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. This multi-role aircraft is designed for various missions, including air-to-air combat, air-to-ground strikes, surveillance, and electronic warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e2:T56a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCapt. Gerald “Dutch” Tritz, commander of CVW 9, highlighted the importance of the F-35C’s capabilities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3972429/us-marine-squadron-conduct-first-combat-strikes-using-f-35c-platform/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaying\u003c/a\u003e, “The offensive and defensive capabilities of the F-35C absolutely enhance our air wing\u0026#8217;s striking arm. The now battle-tested Air Wing of the Future has proven itself a game changer across all carrier air wing missions.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVMFA 314, known as the “Black Knights,” transitioned from the F-18 to the F-35C in 2020, marking them as the first fleet squadron in the Navy and Marine Corps to operate the fifth-generation fighter aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have a rich history, being the first operational Marine squadron to fly the F-4 Phantom and F-18 Hornet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-f-35c-fighter\"\u003eF-35C fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35C is tailored for operations aboard aircraft \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/cruise-missile-could-pose-threat-to-shanghai-pla-war-games\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarriers\u003c/a\u003e, with features specifically designed to meet naval requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can launch via catapults and land using arrestor wires, making it highly adaptable for maritime aviation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e3:T412,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith a wingspan of 43 feet, the F-35C provides enhanced lift for carrier takeoffs and landings, and its wingtips are foldable to maximize space on crowded decks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDue to its larger fuel capacity, the F-35C boasts the longest internal combat range of over 1,200 nautical miles. This allows for long missions with minimal reliance on aerial refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts stealth features are supported by radar-absorbent materials and a low-observable design, enabling the aircraft to evade detection while carrying weapons internally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEquipped with advanced sensors, including the Distributed Aperture System (DAS) for situational awareness, an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, and an Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS), the F-35C enhances its effectiveness in combat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese systems integrate seamlessly to provide a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-j35as-similar-with-f-35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclear\u003c/a\u003e and comprehensive operational environment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"articleType\":\"premium\",\"author\":\"Maria 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neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed high-energy neutrinos from the Milky Way, ushering in a new era of multi-messenger astronomy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, IceCube scientists confirmed high-energy neutrinos from the Milky Way, ushering in a new era of multi-messenger astronomy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8196,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$1d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli style=\\\"text-align: left\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/measurements-of-subatomic-particle-lifetimes-by-belleii\\\"\u003eWorld’s most precise measurements of subatomic particle lifetimes produced by Belle II\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/juno-underground-neutrino-lab\\\"\u003eChina’s underground neutrino lab unveils the mysteries of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-largest-neutrino-detector-hyper-k-has-been-given-the-go-ahead\\\"\u003eWorld’s Largest Neutrino Detector, Hyper-K, Has Been Given The Go-Ahead\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25T18:17:40\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-25T18:17:48\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 01:17 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 01:17 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_5f85d1.jpg\",\"title\":\"The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos\",\"name\":\"The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos\",\"alt_text\":\"The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos\",\"description\":\"The IceCube Neutrino Observatory.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://icecube.wisc.edu/gallery/detector/#modulagallery-7032-2070\\\"\u003eUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Bolevich\",\"slug\":\"maria-bolevich\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f21032cd87efaaa50b956c67017cc05?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-bolevich\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-bolevich\",\"description\":\"Maria Bolevich graduated from Medical High School and Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Department of Environmental protection. She is an environmental protection engineer, and she wrote her first scientific article as a student in 2009 which triggered her passion for science journalism. As a science, health, and environmental journalist she has been collaborating with many international media, including Nature, SciDev… She is a recipient of a number of noteworthy awards in her field of expertise.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNeutrinos, the elusive particles that rarely interact with matter, have fascinated physicists for decades. These enigmatic particles hold the key to understanding some of the universe\u0026#8217;s most profound mysteries, from the origins of cosmic rays to the imbalance of matter and antimatter. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdvances in neutrino research over the last decade have transformed theoretical ideas into groundbreaking discoveries, with cutting-edge projects like IceCube-Gen2, Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), and Fermilab leading the charge.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$1e\",\"$1f\",\"$20\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, in Japan, the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) project marks another major leap forward. This massive cylindrical detector, standing 72 meters tall and 68 meters in diameter, is designed to study the differences between particles and antiparticles by observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillations. Researchers hope it will also unravel some of the mysteries of space when it begins operations in 2027, potentially opening a new chapter in the field of physics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eKajita expresses optimism about Hyper-Kamiokande’s potential, particularly in testing the concept of CP violation—subtle differences in the behavior of matter and antimatter under certain transformations. Hyper-Kamiokande is the most sensitive experiment to proton decay, and there is hope it will provide evidence for Grand Unification. Such discoveries, Kajita adds, could play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of particle physics and the fundamental forces of the universe.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$21\",\"$22\",\"$23\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The IceCube Neutrino Observatory.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://icecube.wisc.edu/gallery/detector/#modulagallery-7032-2070\\\"\u003eUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli style=\\\"text-align: left\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/measurements-of-subatomic-particle-lifetimes-by-belleii\\\"\u003eWorld’s most precise measurements of subatomic particle lifetimes produced by Belle II\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/juno-underground-neutrino-lab\\\"\u003eChina’s underground neutrino lab unveils the mysteries of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-largest-neutrino-detector-hyper-k-has-been-given-the-go-ahead\\\"\u003eWorld’s Largest Neutrino Detector, Hyper-K, Has Been Given The Go-Ahead\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-117777-speech-20241115184030.mp3\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":123264,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$24\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3590,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$25\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"alt_text\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$26\",\"$27\",\"$28\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123262,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"microreactor\",\"slug\":\"microreactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/microreactor\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear energy\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Fusion\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-fusion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-fusion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$29\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4271,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"name\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"alt_text\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2b\",\"$2c\",\"$2d\",\"$2e\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"alt_text\":\"BYD’s 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It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-additional-benefits\\\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123303,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and 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Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$35\",\"$36\",\"$37\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123287,\"tags\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"carbon black\",\"slug\":\"carbon-black\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/carbon-black\"},{\"name\":\"climate 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agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3752,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$39\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\\\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3b\",\"$3c\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123178,\"tags\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Brakes\",\"slug\":\"brakes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/brakes\"},{\"name\":\"Clean Mobility\",\"slug\":\"clean-mobility\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/clean-mobility\"},{\"name\":\"Electric Vehicle\",\"slug\":\"electric-vehicle\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electric-vehicle\"},{\"name\":\"EV\",\"slug\":\"ev\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev\"},{\"name\":\"In-Drive Brake\",\"slug\":\"in-drive-brake\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/in-drive-brake\"},{\"name\":\"Mercedes Benz\",\"slug\":\"mercedes-benz-2\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mercedes-benz-2\"},{\"name\":\"Regenerative Braking\",\"slug\":\"regenerative-braking\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/regenerative-braking\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$3d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3607,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$3e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:06 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"alt_text\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3f\",\"$40\",\"$41\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$42\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$43\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$44\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$45\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123219,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. 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\\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123188,\"tags\":[\"BCI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Neuralink\",\"Robotic 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implant.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7o39CzHgug\u0026amp;t=54s\\\"\u003eYouTube/Neuralink\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. 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Military\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"engine\",\"Fighter jets\",\"Innovation\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"engine\",\"slug\":\"engine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/engine\"},{\"name\":\"Fighter jets\",\"slug\":\"fighter-jets\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fighter-jets\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$51\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new afterburner technology also reduces engine wear by as much as 80%. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new afterburner technology also reduces engine wear by as much as 80%. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3586,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$52\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThis Jet Engine Afterburner Puts Other Go-Karts to Shame\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/how-a-jet-engine-works\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow a Jet Engine Works\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/worlds-most-powerful-jet-engines-repaired\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHere is how the world’s most powerful jet engines are repaired\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:33:22\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:38:00\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:33 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Chinese-afterburner.jpg\",\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"name\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"alt_text\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"description\":\"Stock image of an F-22 \\\"Raptor\\\" with its afterburners engaged.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/stealth-fighter-jet-with-afterburners-and-clipping-path-gm187055847-26579617?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese scientists have developed what they claim to be the world\u0026#8217;s first near-100% efficient jet engine afterburner. If true, this new technology could give Chinese jet aircraft a significant \u0026#8216;edge in air combat.\u0026#8217;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by researchers at the Aero Engine Academy of China in Beijing, the new afterburner technology has a burn efficiency of over 99%. This would meet the fuel efficiency of jet engines under cruise conditions. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$53\",\"$54\",\"$55\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Stock image of an F-22 \\\"Raptor\\\" with its afterburners engaged.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/stealth-fighter-jet-with-afterburners-and-clipping-path-gm187055847-26579617?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThis Jet Engine Afterburner Puts Other Go-Karts to Shame\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/how-a-jet-engine-works\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow a Jet Engine Works\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/worlds-most-powerful-jet-engines-repaired\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHere is how the world’s most powerful jet engines are repaired\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":123415,\"tags\":[\"Catalyst\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Catalyst\",\"slug\":\"catalyst\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/catalyst\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$56\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3559,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$57\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55\",\"timeAgo\":\"43 minutes ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:12 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"alt_text\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$58\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$59\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5a\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5b\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5c\",\"$5d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water filter\",\"slug\":\"water-filter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/water-filter\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5e\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3522,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5f\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$60\",\"$61\",\"$62\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$63\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$64\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$65\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$66\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123219,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\\\"\u003eNuclear micro-reactor capability could soon power US military bases\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:19:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:19:48\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:19 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-47-3.jpg\",\"title\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"name\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"alt_text\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"description\":\"A novel radar image reveals structural elements of Camp Century, an abandoned U.S. military base buried within the Greenland Ice Sheet.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\\\"\u003eNASA Earth Observatory\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fc5736ab9393d2c6ebaefbed29ebd63?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\",\"description\":\"A versatile writer, Sujita has worked with Mashable Middle East and News Daily 24. 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href=\\\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\\\"\u003eNASA Earth Observatory\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-overseas-military-base-combodia\\\"\u003eChina ‘establishes’ military base abroad where it showed war robots months ago\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/roman-military-camp-near-alps-battlefield\\\"\u003eRoman military camp at 7,000 feet height found near historic Alps battlefield\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\\\"\u003eNuclear micro-reactor capability could soon power US military 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rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028\",\"description\":\"Artist’s concept of Dragonfly soaring over the dunes of Saturn’s moon Titan. \",\"reference\":\"NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s SpaceX has been roped in to launch NASA’s ambitious Dragonfly mission in 2028.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis $3.35 billion mission will send a nuclear-powered rotorcraft lander to Titan to investigate its habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The Dragonfly mission currently has a targeted launch period from July 5, 2028, to July 25, 2028, on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida,” the US space agency announced in the statement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$74\",\"$75\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;With contributions from partners around the globe, Dragonfly’s scientific payload will characterize the habitability of Titan\u0026#8217;s environment,” NASA stated in the \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-launch-services-contract-for-dragonfly-mission/\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, it will help us understand the potential for life beyond Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission was originally scheduled for a 2025 launch but faced delays due to budgetary constraints.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eApart from sending and returning astronauts from the International Space Station, NASA has trusted SpaceX with several high-profile space missions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePreviously, the same rocket launched NASA\u0026#8217;s Psyche asteroid probe in October 2023 and the Europa Clipper spacecraft in October 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braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/dragonfly-wings-boeing-777-wings\\\"\u003eDragonfly wings used to design lighter, stronger, and ‘greener’ Boeing 777 wings\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/dragonfly-explore-saturn-icy-moon\\\"\u003eNASA approves DragonFly’s rotorcraft revolution to explore Saturn’s icy 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sex secrets: 150-million-year-old shrub unlocks flower reproductive evolution\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4507,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$77\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\\\"\u003eExperts find plants’ electrical rhythm could be a renewable energy source\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\\\"\u003eArtificial plant generates electricity to power devices, cleans indoor air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electro-agriculture-new-farming-method\\\"\u003eFarming knight: Electro-agriculture tech grows food in dark, cuts land use by 94%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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evolution\",\"description\":\"Male Amborella flower.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\\\"\u003eHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003ePlant reproduction plays a vital role in our food systems and the balance of ecosystems, yet it remains a complex process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the factors influencing plant sex is essential for advancing modern agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$78\",\"$79\",\"$7a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this recombination eventually halts in many species, including humans, leading to distinct genetic characteristics on each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the team discovered signs of suppressed recombination in \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e, the Z and W chromosomes still show strong similarities, complicating the assembly of each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our cytogenetics-by-sequencing pipeline was crucial in pinpointing the border on the sex chromosomes where recombination ceases,” Carey explains. Understanding this boundary is essential because it likely contains genes responsible for developing male and female flowers.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThrough their detailed analysis, the team identified two significant genes believed to play a role in differentiating male and female plants.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe insights gained from the study of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e highlight the complexities of plant reproduction and the factors that influence it.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs researchers continue to explore the genetic foundations of flowering plants, these findings promise to enhance our understanding of plant diversity and inform agricultural practices essential for food security and ecosystem health.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flower-reproductive-evolution-sex-plant\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Male Amborella flower.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\\\"\u003eHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\\\"\u003eExperts find plants’ electrical rhythm could be a renewable energy source\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\\\"\u003eArtificial plant generates electricity to power devices, cleans indoor air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electro-agriculture-new-farming-method\\\"\u003eFarming knight: Electro-agriculture tech grows food in dark, cuts land use by 94%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123151,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; 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US fighter gets powerful cooling boost with new 80kW tech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25T21:08:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-25T21:08:07\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 04:08 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 04:08 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T003000.761.jpg\",\"title\":\"F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\",\"name\":\"F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\",\"alt_text\":\"F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\",\"description\":\"The F-35C, assigned to Carrier Air Wing 9 aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3972429/us-marine-squadron-conduct-first-combat-strikes-using-f-35c-platform/\\\"\u003eUS Navy\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Marine Corps made a significant milestone by launching the first combat air strikes using the F-35C Lightning II aircraft on November 9 and 10.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe operation was carried out by the Marine Fighter Attack Squadron (VMFA) 314, which is assigned to Carrier Air Wing (CVW) 9 aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring this mission, VMFA 314 targeted Houthi weapons storage facilities located within Houthi-controlled territories in Yemen.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7d\",\"$7e\",\"$7f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eContrary to the F-35B, which prioritizes vertical lift and has a reduced payload, the F-35C maximizes range and endurance without sacrificing operational capability.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt is designed explicitly for carrier operations, marking a significant advancement in naval aviation and underscoring the US Marine Corps’ commitment to maintaining a technological edge in combat operations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The F-35C, assigned to Carrier Air Wing 9 aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3972429/us-marine-squadron-conduct-first-combat-strikes-using-f-35c-platform/\\\"\u003eUS Navy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-j35as-similar-with-f-35\\\"\u003eChina’s J-35A’s striking similarities with F-35 sparks US military tech theft debate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/cruise-missile-could-pose-threat-to-shanghai-pla-war-games\\\"\u003eF-35s with cruise missiles could pose threat to Shanghai from Japan: PLA war games\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/rtx-f-35s-overtaxed-cooling-system\\\"\u003eF-35 too hot? 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unveils the mysteries of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-largest-neutrino-detector-hyper-k-has-been-given-the-go-ahead\\\"\u003eWorld’s Largest Neutrino Detector, Hyper-K, Has Been Given The Go-Ahead\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25T18:17:40\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-25T18:17:48\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 01:17 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 01:17 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_5f85d1.jpg\",\"title\":\"The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos\",\"name\":\"The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos\",\"alt_text\":\"The neutrino frontier: How tiny particles could answer big questions about the cosmos\",\"description\":\"The IceCube Neutrino Observatory.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://icecube.wisc.edu/gallery/detector/#modulagallery-7032-2070\\\"\u003eUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Bolevich\",\"slug\":\"maria-bolevich\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f21032cd87efaaa50b956c67017cc05?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-bolevich\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-bolevich\",\"description\":\"Maria Bolevich graduated from Medical High School and Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Department of Environmental protection. She is an environmental protection engineer, and she wrote her first scientific article as a student in 2009 which triggered her passion for science journalism. As a science, health, and environmental journalist she has been collaborating with many international media, including Nature, SciDev… She is a recipient of a number of noteworthy awards in her field of expertise.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNeutrinos, the elusive particles that rarely interact with matter, have fascinated physicists for decades. These enigmatic particles hold the key to understanding some of the universe\u0026#8217;s most profound mysteries, from the origins of cosmic rays to the imbalance of matter and antimatter. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdvances in neutrino research over the last decade have transformed theoretical ideas into groundbreaking discoveries, with cutting-edge projects like IceCube-Gen2, Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), and Fermilab leading the charge.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$82\",\"$83\",\"$84\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, in Japan, the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) project marks another major leap forward. This massive cylindrical detector, standing 72 meters tall and 68 meters in diameter, is designed to study the differences between particles and antiparticles by observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillations. Researchers hope it will also unravel some of the mysteries of space when it begins operations in 2027, potentially opening a new chapter in the field of physics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eKajita expresses optimism about Hyper-Kamiokande’s potential, particularly in testing the concept of CP violation—subtle differences in the behavior of matter and antimatter under certain transformations. Hyper-Kamiokande is the most sensitive experiment to proton decay, and there is hope it will provide evidence for Grand Unification. Such discoveries, Kajita adds, could play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of particle physics and the fundamental forces of the universe.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$85\",\"$86\",\"$87\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neutrino-frontier-matter-space\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The IceCube Neutrino Observatory.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://icecube.wisc.edu/gallery/detector/#modulagallery-7032-2070\\\"\u003eUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli style=\\\"text-align: left\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/measurements-of-subatomic-particle-lifetimes-by-belleii\\\"\u003eWorld’s most precise measurements of subatomic particle lifetimes produced by Belle II\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/juno-underground-neutrino-lab\\\"\u003eChina’s underground neutrino lab unveils the mysteries of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-largest-neutrino-detector-hyper-k-has-been-given-the-go-ahead\\\"\u003eWorld’s Largest Neutrino Detector, Hyper-K, Has Been Given The Go-Ahead\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-117777-speech-20241115184030.mp3\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":123264,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$88\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3590,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$89\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"alt_text\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8a\",\"$8b\",\"$8c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123262,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"microreactor\",\"slug\":\"microreactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/microreactor\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear energy\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Fusion\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-fusion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-fusion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$8d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4271,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$8e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"name\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"alt_text\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8f\",\"$90\",\"$91\",\"$92\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123273,\"tags\":[\"Battery\",\"battery design\",\"Blade battery\",\"BYD\",\"China\",\"EV battery\",\"South Korea\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Battery\",\"slug\":\"battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery\"},{\"name\":\"battery design\",\"slug\":\"battery-design\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery-design\"},{\"name\":\"Blade 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Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3234,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$94\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\\\"\u003eApple’s secret BYD collaboration pioneered long-range EV battery technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"alt_text\":\"BYD’s 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Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$95\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-additional-benefits\\\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$96\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Stock image of BYD Blade Battery.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BYD-Battery-768x427.webp\\\"\u003eBYD Auto\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\\\"\u003eApple’s secret BYD collaboration pioneered long-range EV battery technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123303,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and 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Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$99\",\"$9a\",\"$9b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123287,\"tags\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"carbon black\",\"slug\":\"carbon-black\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/carbon-black\"},{\"name\":\"climate 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agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3752,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$9d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\\\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9f\",\"$a0\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123178,\"tags\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Brakes\",\"slug\":\"brakes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/brakes\"},{\"name\":\"Clean Mobility\",\"slug\":\"clean-mobility\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/clean-mobility\"},{\"name\":\"Electric Vehicle\",\"slug\":\"electric-vehicle\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electric-vehicle\"},{\"name\":\"EV\",\"slug\":\"ev\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev\"},{\"name\":\"In-Drive Brake\",\"slug\":\"in-drive-brake\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/in-drive-brake\"},{\"name\":\"Mercedes Benz\",\"slug\":\"mercedes-benz-2\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mercedes-benz-2\"},{\"name\":\"Regenerative Braking\",\"slug\":\"regenerative-braking\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/regenerative-braking\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a1\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3607,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:06 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"alt_text\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a3\",\"$a4\",\"$a5\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a6\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a7\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a9\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123219,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"japan\",\"slug\":\"japan\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/japan\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"Superalloys\",\"slug\":\"superalloys\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/superalloys\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$aa\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4065,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ab\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 06:57 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:00 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"name\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"alt_text\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"description\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iter.org/node/20687/west-tokamak-inside-and-out\\\"\u003eITER\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. 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test.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s startup also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3308,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b1\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s 1st brain implant stable, Elon Musk seeks next volunteer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink brain chip ‘working very well’ in 2nd patient, says Elon Musk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-blindsight-wins-fda-breakthrough-tag\\\"\u003eFDA calls Neuralink’s Blindsight a ‘breakthrough’ as Musk eyes vision for 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implant.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7o39CzHgug\u0026amp;t=54s\\\"\u003eYouTube/Neuralink\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink, the brain-computer interface firm, said it has received a green light to launch a new feasibility study for using its brain implant and a robotic arm.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThrough a post on X, Neuralink announced the approval and launch of the feasibility study to extend brain-computer interface (BCI) control using the N1 implant to “an investigational assistive robotic arm.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe startup says that the launch of the study is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom in those that need it the most.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b2\",\"$b3\",\"$b4\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7o39CzHgug\u0026amp;t=54s\\\"\u003eYouTube/Neuralink\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s 1st brain implant stable, Elon Musk seeks next volunteer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink brain chip ‘working very well’ in 2nd patient, says Elon Musk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-blindsight-wins-fda-breakthrough-tag\\\"\u003eFDA calls Neuralink’s Blindsight a ‘breakthrough’ as Musk eyes vision for blind\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123181,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"engine\",\"Fighter jets\",\"Innovation\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"engine\",\"slug\":\"engine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/engine\"},{\"name\":\"Fighter jets\",\"slug\":\"fighter-jets\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fighter-jets\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b5\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new afterburner technology also reduces engine wear by as much as 80%. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new afterburner technology also reduces engine wear by as much as 80%. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3586,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b6\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThis Jet Engine Afterburner Puts Other Go-Karts to Shame\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/how-a-jet-engine-works\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow a Jet Engine Works\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/worlds-most-powerful-jet-engines-repaired\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHere is how the world’s most powerful jet engines are repaired\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:33:22\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:38:00\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:33 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Chinese-afterburner.jpg\",\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"name\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"alt_text\":\"China\u0026#8217;s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it \u0026#8216;unrivaled in air combat\u0026#8217; \",\"description\":\"Stock image of an F-22 \\\"Raptor\\\" with its afterburners engaged.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/stealth-fighter-jet-with-afterburners-and-clipping-path-gm187055847-26579617?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese scientists have developed what they claim to be the world\u0026#8217;s first near-100% efficient jet engine afterburner. If true, this new technology could give Chinese jet aircraft a significant \u0026#8216;edge in air combat.\u0026#8217;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by researchers at the Aero Engine Academy of China in Beijing, the new afterburner technology has a burn efficiency of over 99%. This would meet the fuel efficiency of jet engines under cruise conditions. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b7\",\"$b8\",\"$b9\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Stock image of an F-22 \\\"Raptor\\\" with its afterburners engaged.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/stealth-fighter-jet-with-afterburners-and-clipping-path-gm187055847-26579617?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-jet-engine-afterburner-puts-other-go-karts-to-shame\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThis Jet Engine Afterburner Puts Other Go-Karts to Shame\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/how-a-jet-engine-works\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow a Jet Engine Works\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/worlds-most-powerful-jet-engines-repaired\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHere is how the world’s most powerful jet engines are repaired\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":123415,\"tags\":[\"Catalyst\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Catalyst\",\"slug\":\"catalyst\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/catalyst\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ba\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3559,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$bb\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55\",\"timeAgo\":\"43 minutes ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:12 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"alt_text\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bc\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bd\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$be\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$bf\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c0\",\"$c1\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water filter\",\"slug\":\"water-filter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/water-filter\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c2\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3522,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c3\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c4\",\"$c5\",\"$c6\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c7\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c8\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c9\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ca\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123219,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. 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\\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":123167,\"tags\":[\"Cold War\",\"Ice sheets\",\"military base\",\"NASA\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Cold 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the base as part of Project Iceworm, aiming to house nuclear missiles beneath the ice.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers created the base as part of Project Iceworm, aiming to house nuclear missiles beneath the ice.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3480,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-overseas-military-base-combodia\\\"\u003eChina ‘establishes’ military base abroad where it showed war robots months ago\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/roman-military-camp-near-alps-battlefield\\\"\u003eRoman military camp at 7,000 feet height found near historic Alps battlefield\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\\\"\u003eNuclear micro-reactor capability could soon power US military bases\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:19:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:19:48\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:19 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-47-3.jpg\",\"title\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"name\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"alt_text\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"description\":\"A novel radar image reveals structural elements of Camp Century, an abandoned U.S. military base buried within the Greenland Ice Sheet.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\\\"\u003eNASA Earth Observatory\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fc5736ab9393d2c6ebaefbed29ebd63?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\",\"description\":\"A versatile writer, Sujita has worked with Mashable Middle East and News Daily 24. When she isn't writing, you can find her glued to the latest web series and movies.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a remarkable discovery during an April 2024 flyover of Greenland, NASA scientists uncovered the remnants of a hidden city buried deep beneath the ice.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eKnown as Camp Century, this Cold War-era U.S. military base lies buried under 100 feet of the Greenland Ice Sheet. NASA\u0026#8217;s Chad Greene, aboard a Gulfstream III aircraft, captured a striking radar image revealing the site.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“We were looking for the bed of the ice and out pops Camp Century,” said Alex Gardner, a NASA cryospheric scientist. “We didn’t know what it was at first.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d3\",\"$d4\",\"$d5\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A novel radar image reveals structural elements of Camp Century, an abandoned U.S. military base buried within the Greenland Ice Sheet.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153616/new-view-of-the-city-under-the-ice\\\"\u003eNASA Earth Observatory\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-overseas-military-base-combodia\\\"\u003eChina ‘establishes’ military base abroad where it showed war robots months ago\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/roman-military-camp-near-alps-battlefield\\\"\u003eRoman military camp at 7,000 feet height found near historic Alps battlefield\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nuclear-microreactor-us-military-bases\\\"\u003eNuclear micro-reactor capability could soon power US military bases\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123169,\"tags\":[\"dragonfly\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\",\"SpaceX\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"dragonfly\",\"slug\":\"dragonfly\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/dragonfly\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and 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habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis $3.35 billion mission will send a nuclear-powered rotorcraft lander to Titan to investigate its habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3345,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d7\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/watch-nasa-test-its-8-rotor-titan-moon-drone-dragonfly\\\"\u003eWatch NASA test its 8-rotor Titan moon drone Dragonfly\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/dragonfly-wings-boeing-777-wings\\\"\u003eDragonfly wings used to design lighter, stronger, and ‘greener’ Boeing 777 wings\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/dragonfly-explore-saturn-icy-moon\\\"\u003eNASA approves DragonFly’s rotorcraft revolution to explore Saturn’s icy moon\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T08:59:30\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:17:14\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 03:59 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:17 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE_dddcda.jpg\",\"title\":\"SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028\",\"name\":\"SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028\",\"alt_text\":\"SpaceX to rocket NASA’s nuclear helicopter to Saturn’s largest moon in 2028\",\"description\":\"Artist’s concept of Dragonfly soaring over the dunes of Saturn’s moon Titan. \",\"reference\":\"NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s SpaceX has been roped in to launch NASA’s ambitious Dragonfly mission in 2028.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe powerful Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Dragonfly spacecraft on a multi-year journey to Saturn’s largest moon Titan.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis $3.35 billion mission will send a nuclear-powered rotorcraft lander to Titan to investigate its habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The Dragonfly mission currently has a targeted launch period from July 5, 2028, to July 25, 2028, on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida,” the US space agency announced in the statement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d8\",\"$d9\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;With contributions from partners around the globe, Dragonfly’s scientific payload will characterize the habitability of Titan\u0026#8217;s environment,” NASA stated in the \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-launch-services-contract-for-dragonfly-mission/\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, it will help us understand the potential for life beyond Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission was originally scheduled for a 2025 launch but faced delays due to budgetary constraints.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eApart from sending and returning astronauts from the International Space Station, NASA has trusted SpaceX with several high-profile space missions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePreviously, the same rocket launched NASA\u0026#8217;s Psyche asteroid probe in October 2023 and the Europa Clipper spacecraft in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacex-launch-nasa-nuclear-dragonfly-saturn-moon\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artist’s concept of Dragonfly soaring over the dunes of Saturn’s moon Titan. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/watch-nasa-test-its-8-rotor-titan-moon-drone-dragonfly\\\"\u003eWatch NASA test its 8-rotor Titan moon drone Dragonfly\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/dragonfly-wings-boeing-777-wings\\\"\u003eDragonfly wings used to design lighter, stronger, and ‘greener’ Boeing 777 wings\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/dragonfly-explore-saturn-icy-moon\\\"\u003eNASA approves DragonFly’s rotorcraft revolution to explore Saturn’s icy moon\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123162,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"Evolution\",\"Flowers\",\"Plant\",\"reproduction\",\"Science\",\"sex\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"Evolution\",\"slug\":\"evolution\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/evolution\"},{\"name\":\"Flowers\",\"slug\":\"flowers\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/flowers\"},{\"name\":\"Plant\",\"slug\":\"plant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plant\"},{\"name\":\"reproduction\",\"slug\":\"reproduction\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/reproduction\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/science\"},{\"name\":\"sex\",\"slug\":\"sex\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sex\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$da\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Plant sex secrets: 150-million-year-old shrub unlocks flower reproductive evolution\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4507,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$db\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\\\"\u003eExperts find plants’ electrical rhythm could be a renewable energy source\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\\\"\u003eArtificial plant generates electricity to power devices, cleans indoor air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electro-agriculture-new-farming-method\\\"\u003eFarming knight: Electro-agriculture tech grows food in dark, cuts land use by 94%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/flower-reproductive-evolution-sex-plant\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T00:40:37\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T00:41:43\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 07:40 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 07:41 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T013433.125.jpg\",\"title\":\"Plant sex secrets: 150-million-year-old shrub unlocks flower reproductive evolution\",\"name\":\"Plant sex secrets: 150-million-year-old shrub unlocks flower reproductive evolution\",\"alt_text\":\"Plant sex secrets: 150-million-year-old shrub unlocks flower reproductive evolution\",\"description\":\"Male Amborella flower.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\\\"\u003eHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003ePlant reproduction plays a vital role in our food systems and the balance of ecosystems, yet it remains a complex process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePlants exhibit a range of reproductive strategies: some are strictly male or female, some possess both male and female organs (hermaphroditic), and others can change sex during their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the factors influencing plant sex is essential for advancing modern agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$dc\",\"$dd\",\"$de\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this recombination eventually halts in many species, including humans, leading to distinct genetic characteristics on each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the team discovered signs of suppressed recombination in \u003cem\u003eAmborella\u003c/em\u003e, the Z and W chromosomes still show strong similarities, complicating the assembly of each chromosome.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our cytogenetics-by-sequencing pipeline was crucial in pinpointing the border on the sex chromosomes where recombination ceases,” Carey explains. Understanding this boundary is essential because it likely contains genes responsible for developing male and female flowers.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThrough their detailed analysis, the team identified two significant genes believed to play a role in differentiating male and female plants.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe insights gained from the study of \u003cem\u003eAmborella trichopoda\u003c/em\u003e highlight the complexities of plant reproduction and the factors that influence it.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs researchers continue to explore the genetic foundations of flowering plants, these findings promise to enhance our understanding of plant diversity and inform agricultural practices essential for food security and ecosystem health.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flower-reproductive-evolution-sex-plant\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Male Amborella flower.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-amborella-genome-a-window-into-the-origins-of-plant-sex-and-reproduction/\\\"\u003eHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plants-electrical-potential-renewable-energy-source\\\"\u003eExperts find plants’ electrical rhythm could be a renewable energy source\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/plant-generates-electricity-carbon-capture\\\"\u003eArtificial plant generates electricity to power devices, cleans indoor air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electro-agriculture-new-farming-method\\\"\u003eFarming knight: Electro-agriculture tech grows food in dark, cuts land use by 94%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123151,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; 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His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Marine Corps made a significant milestone by launching the first combat air strikes using the F-35C Lightning II aircraft on November 9 and 10.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe operation was carried out by the Marine Fighter Attack Squadron (VMFA) 314, which is assigned to Carrier Air Wing (CVW) 9 aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring this mission, VMFA 314 targeted Houthi weapons storage facilities located within Houthi-controlled territories in Yemen.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e1\",\"$e2\",\"$e3\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eContrary to the F-35B, which prioritizes vertical lift and has a reduced payload, the F-35C maximizes range and endurance without sacrificing operational capability.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt is designed explicitly for carrier operations, marking a significant advancement in naval aviation and underscoring the US Marine Corps’ commitment to maintaining a technological edge in combat operations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The F-35C, assigned to Carrier Air Wing 9 aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3972429/us-marine-squadron-conduct-first-combat-strikes-using-f-35c-platform/\\\"\u003eUS Navy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-j35as-similar-with-f-35\\\"\u003eChina’s J-35A’s striking similarities with F-35 sparks US military tech theft debate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/cruise-missile-could-pose-threat-to-shanghai-pla-war-games\\\"\u003eF-35s with cruise missiles could pose threat to Shanghai from Japan: PLA war games\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/rtx-f-35s-overtaxed-cooling-system\\\"\u003eF-35 too hot? 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