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id="toc-Өсімдіктер_жамылғысы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Өсімдіктер_жамылғысы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Өсімдіктер жамылғысы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Өсімдіктер_жамылғысы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Қоршаған_ортамен_байланысы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Қоршаған_ортамен_байланысы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Қоршаған ортамен байланысы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Қоршаған_ортамен_байланысы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Қоршаған_ортаға_бейімделушілігі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Қоршаған_ортаға_бейімделушілігі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Қоршаған ортаға бейімделушілігі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Қоршаған_ортаға_бейімделушілігі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Таралу_жолдары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Таралу_жолдары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Таралу жолдары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Таралу_жолдары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Маңызы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Маңызы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Маңызы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Маңызы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тағы_қараңыз" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тағы_қараңыз"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Тағы қараңыз</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тағы_қараңыз-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Суреттер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Суреттер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Суреттер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Суреттер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дереккөздер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дереккөздер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Дереккөздер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дереккөздер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Өсімдіктер</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 234 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">234 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҵиаақәа – абхаз тілі" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҵиаақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхаз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peunula" title="Peunula – ачех тілі" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peunula" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflanzen" title="Pflanzen – неміс тілі (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pflanzen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%B5%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B5" title="አትክልት – амхар тілі" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አትክልት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – арагон тілі" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="पौधा – ангика тілі" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पौधा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نبات – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="عشبة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عشبة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نبات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نبات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="উদ্ভিদ – ассам тілі" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উদ্ভিদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – авадхи тілі" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali" title="Ali – аймара тілі" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ali" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitkil%C9%99r" title="Bitkilər – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bitkilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بیتکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیتکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%AB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Үҫемлектәр – башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үҫемлектәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanduran" title="Tetanduran – бали тілі" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tetanduran" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="бали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflanzna" title="Pflanzna – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pflanzna" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augal%C4%81" title="Augalā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Augalā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinanom" title="Tinanom – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tinanom" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Расліны – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Расьліны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расьліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuan" title="Tumbuan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tumbuan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Растения – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Растения" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="पौधा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पौधा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tumbuhan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="উদ্ভিদ – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উদ্ভিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biljke" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ургамал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ургамал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantes" title="Plantes – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plantes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C4%81u-m%C5%ADk" title="Chāu-mŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chāu-mŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ораматаш – шешен тілі" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ораматаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="шешен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanom" title="Tanom – себуано тілі" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tanom" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%98" title="ᎦᎪᏘ – чероки тілі" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎪᏘ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9" title="ڕوەک – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوەک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – корсика тілі" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rostliny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ӳсентăран – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӳсентăран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planhigyn" title="Planhigyn – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Planhigyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planter" title="Planter – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Planter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflanze" title="Pflanze – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pflanze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebat" title="Nebat – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nebat" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny – төменгі лужица тілі" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rostliny" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="төменгі лужица тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susumuni" title="Susumuni – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Susumuni" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ގަސް – дивехи тілі" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގަސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Φυτό – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυτό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantoj" title="Plantoj – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taimed" title="Taimed – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taimed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landare" title="Landare – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Landare" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="گیاه – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvit" title="Kasvit – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasv" title="Kasv – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea" title="Tea – фиджи тілі" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Tea" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantur" title="Plantur – фарер тілі" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Plantur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaanten" title="Plaanten – солтүстік фриз тілі" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Plaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="солтүстік фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantis" title="Plantis – фриуль тілі" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Plantis" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриуль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planten" title="Planten – батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Planten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planda" title="Planda – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Planda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus" title="Lus – шотландиялық гэль тілі" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lus" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландиялық гэль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27avo" title="Ka'avo – гуарани тілі" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ka'avo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus" title="Lus – мэн тілі" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lus" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuka" title="Shuka – хауса тілі" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shuka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Chhṳ̍t-vu̍t – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhṳ̍t-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%97" title="צומח – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צומח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AA" title="पादप – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पादप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paudha" title="Paudha – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paudha" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biljke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny – жоғарғы лужица тілі" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rostliny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="жоғарғы лужица тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – гаити тілі" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6v%C3%A9nyek" title="Növények – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Növények" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բույսեր – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բույսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utai_tumbuh" title="Utai tumbuh – ибан тілі" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Utai tumbuh" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tumbuhan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – интерлингве тілі" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osisi" title="Osisi – игбо тілі" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Osisi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauriaq" title="Nauriaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nauriaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mula" title="Mula – илоко тілі" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mula" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="БаьцовгӀаш – ингуш тілі" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="БаьцовгӀаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингуш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planto" title="Planto – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Planto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurt" title="Jurt – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jurt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%95%88%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%85" title="ᐱᕈᖅᑐᖅ – инуктитут тілі" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐱᕈᖅᑐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="инуктитут тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaant_(Chrii)" title="Plaant (Chrii) – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Plaant (Chrii)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/spati" title="spati – ложбан тілі" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="spati" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetuwuhan" title="Tetuwuhan – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetuwuhan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მცენარეები – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მცენარეები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93simlikler" title="Ósimlikler – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ósimlikler" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C9%A3i" title="Imɣi – кабил тілі" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imɣi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="КъэкӀыгъэхэр – кабардин тілі" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="КъэкӀыгъэхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suu" title="Suu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Suu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tyin_(a%CC%B1ga%CC%B1fi%CC%B1p)" title="A̱tyin (a̱ga̱fi̱p) – тьяп тілі" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tyin (a̱ga̱fi̱p)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="тьяп тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%A9mera" title="Mĩmera – кикуйю тілі" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mĩmera" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикуйю тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="រុក្ខជាតិ – кхмер тілі" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុក្ខជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸಸ್ಯ – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಸ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="식물 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Быдмас – коми-пермяк тілі" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Быдмас" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермяк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8F%D9%84%D8%A0_%DA%A9%D9%94%D9%B9%D8%A0" title="کُلؠ کٔٹؠ – кашмир тілі" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کُلؠ کٔٹؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмир тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwek" title="Riwek – күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Riwek" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plans" title="Plans – корн тілі" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Plans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Өсүмдүк – қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өсүмдүк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – ладино тілі" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planzer%C3%A4ich" title="Planzeräich – люксембург тілі" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Planzeräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%85%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ххяххия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ххяххия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Набатат – лезгин тілі" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Набатат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – лигур тілі" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="лигур тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C9%94%C9%9Bl%C9%9B" title="Etɔɛlɛ – лингала тілі" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etɔɛlɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augalai" title="Augalai – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Augalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguoji" title="Auguoji – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Auguoji" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augi" title="Augi – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – майтхили тілі" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanduran" title="Tanduran – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Tanduran" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavamaniry" title="Zavamaniry – малагаси тілі" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zavamaniry" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Кушкыл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кушкыл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuahan" title="Tumbuahan – минангкабау тілі" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tumbuahan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Растенија – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Растенија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സസ്യം – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സസ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ургамал – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ургамал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E" title="ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ – манипури тілі" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипури тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%81%9E%E1%80%B6" title="တၞံ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="တၞံ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="वनस्पती – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वनस्पती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Кушкыш – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кушкыш" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tumbuhan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – миранд тілі" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="миранд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အပင် – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Касыкст – эрзя тілі" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Касыкст" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзя тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86" title="گیاهون – мазандеран тілі" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گیاهون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеран тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuauhtontli" title="Cuauhtontli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cuauhtontli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C3%A6" title="Plantæ – неаполитан тілі" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Plantæ" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planten" title="Planten – төменгі неміс тілі" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Planten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төменгі неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaanten" title="Plaanten – төменгі саксон тілі" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Plaanten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="төменгі саксон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – непал тілі" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="मा (बोट्यानी) – невар тілі" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मा (बोट्यानी)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planten" title="Planten – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Planten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar" title="Plantar – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Plantar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planter" title="Planter – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Planter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliante" title="Pliante – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pliante" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvi" title="Kazvi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kazvi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biqilaa" title="Biqilaa – оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Biqilaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6" title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ – ория тілі" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B9%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Зайæгойтæ – осетин тілі" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зайæгойтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੌਦਾ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੌਦਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaman" title="Tanaman – пампанга тілі" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tanaman" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaant" title="Plaant – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Plaant" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny" title="Rośliny – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rośliny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%92" title="بوٹے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوٹے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%BC%DB%8C" title="بوټی – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوټی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yura" title="Yura – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yura" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C4%83" title="Plantă – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plantă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C3%A2" title="Plantâ – арумын тілі" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Plantâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Plantae" title="Regnum Plantae – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Regnum Plantae" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Растения – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Растения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ростлины – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ростлины" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikimera" title="Ikimera – киньяруанда тілі" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikimera" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киньяруанда тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="ओषधयः – санскрит тілі" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ओषधयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Үүнээйилэр – саха тілі" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үүнээйилэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – сардин тілі" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – сицилия тілі" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="ٻوٽا – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻوٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biljke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A" title="ශාක – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශාක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastliny" title="Rastliny – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rastliny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastline" title="Rastline – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rastline" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madzinde" title="Madzinde – шона тілі" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Madzinde" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhir" title="Dhir – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bim%C3%ABt" title="Bimët – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bimët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Биљке – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биљке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timila" title="Timila – свати тілі" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Timila" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="свати тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimela" title="Dimela – оңтүстік сото тілі" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Dimela" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="оңтүстік сото тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonten" title="Plonten – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Plonten" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuwuhan" title="Tutuwuhan – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tutuwuhan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4xtriket" title="Växtriket – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Växtriket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmea" title="Mmea – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mmea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B9eliny" title="Źeliny – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Źeliny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/mulangaway" title="mulangaway – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="mulangaway" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவரம் – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/qqhuniq_ru_kk%E2%80%99man" title="qqhuniq ru kk’man – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="qqhuniq ru kk’man" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="మొక్క – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3" title="Гиёҳ – тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гиёҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%8A" title="พืช – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พืช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96s%C3%BCmlikler" title="Ösümlikler – түрікмен тілі" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ösümlikler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түрікмен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaman" title="Halaman – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Halaman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAkau" title="ʻAkau – тонган тілі" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAkau" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="тонган тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayor" title="Sayor – ток-писин тілі" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sayor" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток-писин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitki" title="Bitki – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bitki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Үсемлекләр – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үсемлекләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyakumela" title="Vyakumela – тумбука тілі" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vyakumela" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбука тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Будос – удмурт тілі" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Будос" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмурт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%88%D9%85%D9%84%DB%88%D9%83" title="ئۆسۈملۈك – ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۆسۈملۈك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рослини – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рослини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBsimliklar" title="Oʻsimliklar – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻsimliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshimela" title="Tshimela – венда тілі" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Tshimela" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="венда тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – венеция тілі" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венеция тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazmused" title="Kazmused – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kazmused" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Thực vật – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantn" title="Plantn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Plantn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – валлон тілі" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaman" title="Tanaman – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tanaman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0ncax" title="Gàncax – волоф тілі" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Gàncax" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isityalo" title="Isityalo – кхоса тілі" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isityalo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="кхоса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჩანარეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩანარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A5" title="פלאנץ – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פלאנץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80gb%C3%ACn" title="Ọ̀gbìn – йоруба тілі" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọ̀gbìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghgo" title="Doenghgo – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghgo" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%27n" title="Plant'n – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Plant'n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Si̍t-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍t-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izitshalo" title="Izitshalo – зулу тілі" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izitshalo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q756#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат кеңістіктері"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрініс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="2" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:275px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:lightgreen;font-size:130%;">Өсімдіктер</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Diversity_of_plants_(Streptophyta)_version_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Diversity_of_plants_%28Streptophyta%29_version_2.png/265px-Diversity_of_plants_%28Streptophyta%29_version_2.png" decoding="async" width="265" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Diversity_of_plants_%28Streptophyta%29_version_2.png/398px-Diversity_of_plants_%28Streptophyta%29_version_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Diversity_of_plants_%28Streptophyta%29_version_2.png/530px-Diversity_of_plants_%28Streptophyta%29_version_2.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lightgreen;font-size:110%;">Ғылыми топтастырылуы</th></tr><tr><th style=""><div align="right">Домен</div></th><td class="" style="font-size:110%;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эукариоттар">Эукариоттар</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><div align="right">Патшалық</div></th><td class="" style="font-size:110%;"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Өсімдіктер</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lightgreen;font-size:110%;">Халықаралық ғылыми атауы</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"> <p><span style="font-style: italic">Plantae</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;font-style: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эрнст Геккель">Haeckel</a>, 1866</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lightgreen;font-size:110%;">Қазіргі бөлімдер</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"> <div align="left"> <div style="width: 310px;"> <ul><li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaucophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaucophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Glaucophyta</a></span> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Глаукофит балдырлары (мұндай бет жоқ)">Глаукофит балдырлары</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Rhodophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қызыл балдырлар">Қызыл балдырлар</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Charophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Хара балдырлары">Хара балдырлары</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Chlorophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жасыл балдырлар">Жасыл балдырлар</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthocerotophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthocerotophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Anthocerotophyta</a></span> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%C2%AD%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антоцеротофитер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Антоцеротофитер</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bryophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Bryophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мүктәрізділер">Мүктәрізділер</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marchantiophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marchantiophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Marchantiophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Бауырмүк">Бауырмүк</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycopodiophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycopodiophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Lycopodiophyta</a></span> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Плаунтәрізділер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Плаунтәрізділер</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polypodiophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polypodiophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Polypodiophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қырыққұлақтәрізділер">Қырыққұлақтәрізділер</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycadophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycadophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Cycadophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Саговниктәрізділер">Саговниктәрізділер</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginkgophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginkgophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ginkgophyta</a></span> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гинкголар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гинкголар</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnetophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnetophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Gnetophyta</a></span> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гнетотәрізділер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гнетотәрізділер</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Pinophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қылқан жапырақтылар">Қылқан жапырақтылар</a></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnoliophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnoliophyta (мұндай бет жоқ)">Magnoliophyta</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гүлді өсімдіктер">Гүлді өсімдіктер</a> </li></ul></div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"> <div style="text-align:center"> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background:lightgreen;font-size:80%;line-height:140%;"><table width="100%" class="plainlinksneverexpand" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae?uselang=ru"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/17px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><br /><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae?uselang=ru">Уикитүрлердегі<br />жіктелуі</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="uselang=ru}}"><img alt="uselang=ru}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><br />[{{fullurl:commons:{{{Commons}}}|uselang=kk}} Ортаққордан <br /> сурет іздеу]</td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:IPNI%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Үлгі:IPNI+ (мұндай бет жоқ)">Үлгі:IPNI+</a><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:lightgreen;"> <tbody><tr><td align="right" width="40%">ITIS </td><td class="plainlinksneverexpand" align="left"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=202422">202422</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%">EOL </td><td class="plainlinksneverexpand" align="left"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eol.org/pages/281">281</a></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Өсімдіктер</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Латын тілі">лат.</a> <span lang="la"><i>Plantae</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Тірі организмдер дүниесі">тірі организмдер дүниесіндегі</a> негізгі екі топтың бірі (біріншісі - <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жануарлар">жануарлар</a>). <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Құрлық">Құрлықтың</a> барлық жерінде өседі, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су">суда</a> кездесетін түрлері де бар. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Өсімдіктер"><span id=".D3.A8.D1.81.D1.96.D0.BC.D0.B4.D1.96.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Өсімдіктер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Өсімдіктер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Өсімдіктер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Өсімдіктердің 375 000-ға жуық түрі бар. Өсімдіктер тұқымтобының ең үлкені - гүлдейтін немесе жабық тұқымды өсімдіктер. Олардың 250 000-нан астам түрі бар. Өсімдіктер күн сәулесінің көмегімен (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Фотосинтез">фотосинтез</a>) өз қорегін табады. Саңырауқұлақтар бұрын өсімдіктер қатарына жатқызылатын, алайда өз қорегін өндірмейтін болғандықтан, қазір олар жеке класқа жіктелген. Олардың 100 000-ға жуық түрі бар.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Топтары"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.BE.D0.BF.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Топтары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Топтары" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Топтары"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XX ғасырдың ортасына дейін өсімдіктерді төмен сатыдағы (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бактериялар">бактериялар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Балдырлар">балдырлар</a>, кілегейлілер, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Саңырауқұлақтар">саңырауқұлақтар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Қына">қыналар</a>) және жоғары сатыдағы өсімдіктер (ринийлер, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мүктәрізділер">мүктәрізділер</a>, псилофиттер, плаунтәрізділер, қырықбуындар, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қырыққұлақтәрізділер">қырыққұлақтәрізділер</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ашықтұқымдылар">ашықтұқымдылар</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гүлді өсімдіктер">гүлді өсімдіктер</a> не жабықтұқымдылар) деп бөлді. 20 ғасырдың аяғында бактериялар мен саңырауқұлақтар өз алдына жеке патшалық болып бөлінді. Соңғы жүйеленім бойынша өсімдіктер 3 патшалық тармағына жіктеледі: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қызыл балдырлар">қызыл балдырлар</a></li> <li>нағыз <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Балдырлар">балдырлар</a></li> <li>ұрықты не <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жоғары сатыдағы өсімдіктер">жоғары сатыдағы өсімдіктер</a>.</li></ul> <p>Өсімдіктерді топтарға біріктіргенде олардың біріне-бірінің ұқсастықтары немесе айырмашылықтарын көрсететін белгілер пайдаланылады. Солар арқылы өсімдіктердің біріне-бірінің туыстық жақындықтарының деңгейі анықталады. <br /> Құрылымы, тіршілік етуі жағынан бірдей және өз ата-енелеріне ұқсас, жеміс беретін, ұрпақ түзе алатын дарақтар бір түрге жатқызылады. <br /> Құрылысы жағынан ұқсас түрлер туысқа біріктіріледі. Жақын туыстар бір тұқымдасқа олардың әрқайсысын қандай да бір класқа жатқызады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Өсімдіктер_жамылғысы"><span id=".D3.A8.D1.81.D1.96.D0.BC.D0.B4.D1.96.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80_.D0.B6.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.8B.D0.BB.D2.93.D1.8B.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Өсімдіктер жамылғысы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Өсімдіктер жамылғысы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Өсімдіктер жамылғысы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Құрлық бетінде өсімдіктер жамылғысы бірдей емес. Олар жерге түсетін ылғалдың мөлшеріне және осы ылғалдың маусымға байланысты қаншалықты жауатыңдығына қарай мәңгі жасыл (жаңбырлы) <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орман">ормандар</a>, ылғалдығы құбылмалы болып келетін, жапырақтары түсіп отыратын ормандар, ксерофильді сирек ағашты ормандар мен бүталарды, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Саванналар">саванналарды</a>, ал суы тасып отыратын теңіздің жағалауларында — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80" title="Мангр">мангр</a> ағаштарынан тұратын ормаңдар түзеді. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Экваторлық белдеу">Экватордан</a> солтүстікке қарай жасыл өсімдіктердің жолағынан кейін, аса үлкен ормансыз кеңістіктер — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Шөл">шөл</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Шөлейт">шөлейт</a>, приерии орналасады. Біршама <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Биік ендіктер">биік ендікте</a> қайтадан мәңгі жасыл ормаңдардың жолағы кездеседі. Бірақ олар тропиктердегі секілді жапырақты ормандар емес қылқан жапырақты (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Тайга">тайга</a>) ормаңдар болып келеді. Тайгадан солтүстікке қарай, полюстың айналасында (цикумполярно), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра">тундра</a> мен солтүстік мұзды мұхиттың салқын суы созылып жатады. Экватордан оңтүстікке қарай құрлық біршама аз болады. Полюстерге жақын жерлерде және биік таулардың басында мәңгі мұздар мен қарлар жатады. Мұндай түрлі-түсті өсімдіктер жылдың әртүрлі кезеңдеріне қарай, әсіресе <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Қыс">қыста</a>, құрлықтың (континенттің) үлкен кеңістігін, шамамен 40° с.е. және одан жоғары қарай қар басқан кезде, көп өзгеріске ұшырайды. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Қоршаған_ортамен_байланысы"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.88.D0.B0.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Қоршаған ортамен байланысы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Қоршаған ортамен байланысы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Қоршаған ортамен байланысы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Өсімдіктердің өмірі қоршаған ортамен, әсіресе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Топырақ">топырақпен</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат">климатпен</a> тығыз байланыста болады. Жасыл өсімдіктер <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Ауа">ауадан</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ">көмірқышқыл газын</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Күн">күннен</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энергия">энергияны</a>, ал топырақтан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су">су</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Минералды тұздар">минералдық тұздарды</a> алады. Көмір қьшқыл газының ауадағы мөлшері 0,03%-тен аспайды, ал өсімдікке қажетті тұздар мен судың мөлшері топырақтың құрамында өте аз және шашыраңқы түрде болады. Осылардың барлығы өсімдіктің тұтыну мүмкіңдігінің үлкен (жоғары) болғанғындығын қажет етеді. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эволюция">Эволюцияның</a> барысында өсімдік өзінің <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Вегетативтік">вегетативтік</a> денесін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сыртқы орта">сыртқы ортамен</a> қарым-қатынаста болатындай аса үлкен көлемге дейін (жапырақтарын ауамен, тамырларын топырақпен), жоғары деңгейде жетілген жануарлардан бірнеше есе артық ұлғайтқан. Өсімдіктің тіршілік ортасының өзгеруіне тез және ерекше нәзіктікпен жауап беруінің өзі осыған байланысты болады. Сонымен бірге өсімдіктердің өзі тіршілік жағдайының барысыңда, өздерін қоршаған ортаны өзгертеді. Орманның жыл өткен сайын биікке көтеріліп, аса қалың жасыл шымылдық (полог) түзетіні белгілі. Бұл бұталар мен шөптесін өсімдіктер жабыны үшін, орман ішінің жағдайын өзгертеді. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Қоршаған_ортаға_бейімделушілігі"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.88.D0.B0.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D2.93.D0.B0_.D0.B1.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.96.D0.BC.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.88.D1.96.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.B3.D1.96"></span>Қоршаған ортаға бейімделушілігі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Қоршаған ортаға бейімделушілігі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Қоршаған ортаға бейімделушілігі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тау етегіндегі тегістіктен, тау басына көтеріле отырып, өсімдіктер қауымдастықтарының ғана емес (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Шөлейт">шөлейт</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орман">орман</a>, және <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Альпі">альпі</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Белдеу">белдеулері</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра">тундра</a>), сонымен бірге жақын түрлердің, кейде тіптен бір түрдің өзінің тіршілік формасының структурасының басқаша өзгеретіндігін (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трансформация">трансформациясын</a>) айқын аңғаруға болады. Таудың жоғарғы белдеулерінің ерекше климаты мен топырақ жағдайларының әсері (салқындықтың, физиологиялық құрғақшылықтың, жарықтың сапалығы және т.б.) ағаштар мен бұталардың жатаған аласа формаларының қалыптасуына, биік шөптесін өсімдіктердің жартылай жертаған және жертағандар түзуіне әкеліп соқтырады. Өсімдіктердің структурасы мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология">физиологиялық</a> қасиеттерінің өзгеруін <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Памир">Памирдің</a> теңіз деңгейінен 3600 м. биіктігінде отырғызылған өсімдіктерде жан-жақты зерттелген. Өсімдіктердің құрылысының, оның ішінде анатомиялық құрылысының өзгеруімен бірге, олардың құрамындағы қант пен дәрумендердің де консентрациясының жоғарылағандығы байқалған. Соған байланысты таудың жоғарғы белдеулерінің жем-шөптік өсімдіктерінің құнарлығы аса жоғары болады. Өсімдіктердің қоршаған ортаға бейімделушілігін тек таудың жағдайынан ғана емес, сонымен бірге, әр уақытта, түрлер жаңа ортаға (қарама-қарсы жағдайға) тап келгенде байқауға болады. Бұл өсімдіктің табиғи өсетін ортасының өзгеруіне байланысты және оны мәдени жағдайға ендіргенде (при интродукции) байқалатын құбылыс. Кейбір <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Сор топырақ">сор топырақта</a> өсетін өсімдіктер (теңіз қышасы-горчица морская ; шөптесін бұзаубас сораң-солерос травянистый) құрамында <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Тұздар">тұзы</a> жоқ топырақтарда, сор топырақта өсетін өсімдікке тән белгілерін, мысалы, жапырақтарының етжеңділігін (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Суккулент">суккуленттігін</a>) жоғалтады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таралу_жолдары"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.83_.D0.B6.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Таралу жолдары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Таралу жолдары" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Таралу жолдары"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Өсімдіктер жер шарына кең таралған. Олардың құрғақшылыққа төзімді <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Вегетативтік органдар">вегетативті</a> органдары бар және қолайсыз климаттық жағдайда өсуге бейімді. Олар жәндіктер арқылы тозаңданып, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Тұқым">тұқымдары</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81" title="Жеміс">жемістері</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жануарлар">жануарлар</a> арқылы таралады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Маңызы"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D2.A3.D1.8B.D0.B7.D1.8B"></span>Маңызы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Маңызы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Маңызы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Өсімдіктердің халық шаруашылығында және ғылыми медицинада кеңінен қолданылатын түрлері көп кездеседі. Олардың ішінде көкөністік, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Жеміс-жидек шаруашылығы">жеміс-жидектік</a>, балды, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Майлы дақылдар">майлы</a> және техникалық түрлері де бар. Ағаш тәрізді формалары құрылыс материалдары ретінде аса құнды. Әртүрлі үй жиһаздарын жасайды. Бұлардың бірқатары сәнді өсімдіктер. Тынымбақтарды, саябақтарды, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Көше">көшелерді</a>, тіптен <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Жұмыс орны">жұмыс орындарын</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Көгалдандыру">көгалдандыруға</a> пайдаланады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тағы_қараңыз"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.A3.D1.8B.D0.B7"></span>Тағы қараңыз</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Тағы қараңыз" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Тағы қараңыз"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Өсімдіктер физиологиясы">Өсімдіктер физиологиясы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Өсімдіктер морфологиясы">Өсімдіктер морфологиясы</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Суреттер"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Суреттер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Суреттер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Суреттер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Borassus_flabellifer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Borassus flabellifer"><img alt="Borassus flabellifer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/80px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/120px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/160px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borassus_flabellifer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borassus flabellifer (мұндай бет жоқ)">Borassus flabellifer</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Borassus flabellifer жемісі"><img alt="Borassus flabellifer жемісі" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/120px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/180px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/240px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borassus_flabellifer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borassus flabellifer (мұндай бет жоқ)">Borassus flabellifer</a> жемісі</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Turmericroot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turmeric rhizome"><img alt="Turmeric rhizome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Turmericroot.jpg/120px-Turmericroot.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Turmericroot.jpg/180px-Turmericroot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Turmericroot.jpg/240px-Turmericroot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turmeric rhizome</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Starr_050407-6233_Ipomoea_batatas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Starr_050407-6233_Ipomoea_batatas.jpg/120px-Starr_050407-6233_Ipomoea_batatas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Starr_050407-6233_Ipomoea_batatas.jpg/180px-Starr_050407-6233_Ipomoea_batatas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Starr_050407-6233_Ipomoea_batatas.jpg/240px-Starr_050407-6233_Ipomoea_batatas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Pandan_wangi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pandanus amaryllifolius"><img alt="Pandanus amaryllifolius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pandan_wangi.JPG/90px-Pandan_wangi.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pandan_wangi.JPG/135px-Pandan_wangi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pandan_wangi.JPG/180px-Pandan_wangi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pandanus amaryllifolius</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:California_Papaya_ID.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="California Papaya"><img alt="California Papaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/California_Papaya_ID.jpg/120px-California_Papaya_ID.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/California_Papaya_ID.jpg/180px-California_Papaya_ID.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/California_Papaya_ID.jpg/240px-California_Papaya_ID.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">California Papaya</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Papaya_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carica papaya"><img alt="Carica papaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Papaya_sunset.jpg/120px-Papaya_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Papaya_sunset.jpg/180px-Papaya_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Papaya_sunset.jpg/240px-Papaya_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Carica papaya</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cymbopogon citratus"><img alt="Cymbopogon citratus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG/120px-Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG/180px-Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG/240px-Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="996" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cymbopogon citratus</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Bangkuang_070612-056_stgd.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pachyrhizus erosus"><img alt="Pachyrhizus erosus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bangkuang_070612-056_stgd.jpg/120px-Bangkuang_070612-056_stgd.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bangkuang_070612-056_stgd.jpg/180px-Bangkuang_070612-056_stgd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bangkuang_070612-056_stgd.jpg/240px-Bangkuang_070612-056_stgd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pachyrhizus erosus</i> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:KIKU_brak-ontree.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fuji (жемісі)"><img alt="Fuji (жемісі)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/KIKU_brak-ontree.JPG/120px-KIKU_brak-ontree.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/KIKU_brak-ontree.JPG/180px-KIKU_brak-ontree.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/KIKU_brak-ontree.JPG/240px-KIKU_brak-ontree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fuji (жемісі)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:SauropusAndrogynus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sauropus androgynus"><img alt="Sauropus androgynus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/SauropusAndrogynus.jpg/90px-SauropusAndrogynus.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/SauropusAndrogynus.jpg/135px-SauropusAndrogynus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/SauropusAndrogynus.jpg/180px-SauropusAndrogynus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Sauropus androgynus</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Ilaneer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cocos nucifera"><img alt="Cocos nucifera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ilaneer.jpg/120px-Ilaneer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ilaneer.jpg/180px-Ilaneer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ilaneer.jpg/240px-Ilaneer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="465" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cocos nucifera</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Биология, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Сұрақ және жауап. Энциклопедия</span> </li> </ol> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#99EE99"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Өсімдіктер морфологиясы">Өсімдіктер морфологиясы</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Өсімдіктер анатомиясы">анатомиясы</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вегетативтік мүшелер">Вегетативтік мүшелер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80_(%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B)" title="Тамыр (өсімдік органы)">Тамыр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Каудекс">Каудекс</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пневматофорлар">Пневматофорлар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Өркен">Өркен</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Сабақ (биология)">Сабақ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Тамыр сабақ">Тамыр сабақ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Түйнек">Түйнек</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бадана">Пиязшық</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цефалий (мұндай бет жоқ)">Цефалий</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Бүршік">Бүршік</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D2%A3" title="Дің">Дің</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Бұтақ">Бұтақ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Қалемше">Қалемше</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Жапырақ">Жапырақ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Бөбешік жапырақ">Бөбежапырақ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ризоидтар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ризоидтар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Таллом (мұндай бет жоқ)">Таллом</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 7px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Addisonia_(PLATE_075)_(8577495976)_inflorescence_transparent_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Addisonia_%28PLATE_075%29_%288577495976%29_inflorescence_transparent_background.png/110px-Addisonia_%28PLATE_075%29_%288577495976%29_inflorescence_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Addisonia_%28PLATE_075%29_%288577495976%29_inflorescence_transparent_background.png/165px-Addisonia_%28PLATE_075%29_%288577495976%29_inflorescence_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Addisonia_%28PLATE_075%29_%288577495976%29_inflorescence_transparent_background.png/220px-Addisonia_%28PLATE_075%29_%288577495976%29_inflorescence_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="2788" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Генеративтік мүшелер">Генеративтік мүшелер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Гүл">Гүл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Гүлшанақ">Гүлшанақ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Гүл тостағаншасы">Гүл тостағаншасы</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Гүл күлтесі">күлте</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Андроцей">Андроцей</a> және <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гинецей (мұндай бет жоқ)">гинецей</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Тозаң">Тозаң</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Тұқым">Тұқым</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81" title="Жеміс">Жеміс</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гаметофит">Гаметофит</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гаметангий">Гаметангий</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Антеридий">Антеридий</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Архегоний">Архегоний</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Спорангий (мұндай бет жоқ)">Спорангий</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стробил (мұндай бет жоқ)">Стробил</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD">Беткі құрылымдар</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Өсімдік кутикуласы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Өсімдік кутикуласы</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эпикутикулалық балауыз (мұндай бет жоқ)">Эпикутикулалық балауыз</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Бал шырын">Шірне</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Тыныс саңылаулары">Тыныс саңылаулары</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трихомалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Трихомалар</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Өсімдік ұлпасы">Өсімдік ұлпалары</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%88%D1%96_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Түзуші ұлпа">Түзуші ұлпа</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Төбе меристемасы">Төбе меристемасы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бүйір меристемасы">Бүйір меристемасы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Қыстырма меристема">Қыстырма меристема</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дерматоген (мұндай бет жоқ)">Дерматоген</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калиптроген (мұндай бет жоқ)">Калиптроген</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Камбий">Камбий</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Феллоген">Феллоген</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Каллус">Каллус</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Жабын ұлпа">Жабын ұлпа</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Эпидерма (ботаника)">Эпидерма</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Перидерма">Перидерма</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Экзодерма (мұндай бет жоқ)">Экзодерма</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Эндодерма">эндодерма</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Қыртыс">Қыртыс</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Протодерма (мұндай бет жоқ)">Протодерма</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Эпиблема">ризодерма</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Веламен">Веламен</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Өткізгіш ұлпа">Өткізгіш ұлпа</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ксилема">Ксилема</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Флоэма">Флоэма</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Тірек ұлпа">Тірек ұлпа</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Склеренхима">Склеренхима</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Колленхима">Колленхима</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Склереида">Склереидалар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Идиобластар (биология)">Идиобластар</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Негізгі ұлпа">Негізгі ұлпа</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Паренхима">Паренхима</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хлоренхима (мұндай бет жоқ)">Хлоренхима</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аэренхима">Аэренхима</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Идиобластар (биология)">Идиобластар</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD">Өсімдік жасушасы</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Органоидтар">Органоидтар</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жасуша қабырғасы">Жасуша қабырғасы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Вакуоль">Вакуоль</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фрагмопласт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фрагмопласт</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Танносома">Танносома</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пластидтер">Пластидтер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Лейкопласттар">Лейкопласттар</a> (Протеинопласттар • Элайопласттар • Амилопласттар) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хромопласттар">Хромопласттар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Хлоропласт">Хлоропласттар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Этиопласт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Этиопласттар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геронтопласт (мұндай бет жоқ)">Геронтопласттар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Плазмодесма (мұндай бет жоқ)">Плазмодесмалар</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Габитус (мұндай бет жоқ)">Габитус</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жастық тәріздес өсімдіктер">Жастық тәріздес өсімдіктер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дегелекті өсімдіктер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Дегелекті өсімдіктер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Бұта">Бұталар</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Бұташық">Бұташықтар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D2%B1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жартылай бұталар">Жартылай бұталар</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Суккулент">Суккуленттер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ағаш">Ағаштар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шырмалғыш өсімдіктер">Шырмалғыш өсімдіктер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A9%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шөптер">Шөптер</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DDFFDD"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <a 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