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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paganisme_Jerman:_1000_SM_-_300_Masehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paganisme_Jerman:_1000_SM_-_300_Masehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Paganisme Jerman: 1000 SM - 300 Masehi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paganisme_Jerman:_1000_SM_-_300_Masehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Romawi_akhir_dan_Kekaisaran_Karoling:_300_Masehi_-_1000_Masehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Romawi_akhir_dan_Kekaisaran_Karoling:_300_Masehi_-_1000_Masehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Zaman Romawi akhir dan Kekaisaran Karoling: 300 Masehi - 1000 Masehi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Romawi_akhir_dan_Kekaisaran_Karoling:_300_Masehi_-_1000_Masehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periode_Pra_Reformasi:_1000_Masehi_-_1517_Masehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periode_Pra_Reformasi:_1000_Masehi_-_1517_Masehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Periode Pra Reformasi: 1000 Masehi - 1517 Masehi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periode_Pra_Reformasi:_1000_Masehi_-_1517_Masehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformasi,_Kontra_Reformasi,_dan_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun:_1517_Masehi_-_1648_Masehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformasi,_Kontra_Reformasi,_dan_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun:_1517_Masehi_-_1648_Masehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Reformasi, Kontra Reformasi, dan Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun: 1517 Masehi - 1648 Masehi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformasi,_Kontra_Reformasi,_dan_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun:_1517_Masehi_-_1648_Masehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pasca_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun_dan_Persatuan_Gereja_Protestan:_1648_Masehi_-_1871_Masehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pasca_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun_dan_Persatuan_Gereja_Protestan:_1648_Masehi_-_1871_Masehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pasca Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun dan Persatuan Gereja Protestan: 1648 Masehi - 1871 Masehi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pasca_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun_dan_Persatuan_Gereja_Protestan:_1648_Masehi_-_1871_Masehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kulturkampf_dan_Kekaisaran_Jerman:_1871_Masehi_-_1918_Masehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kulturkampf_dan_Kekaisaran_Jerman:_1871_Masehi_-_1918_Masehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Kulturkampf dan Kekaisaran Jerman: 1871 Masehi - 1918 Masehi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kulturkampf_dan_Kekaisaran_Jerman:_1871_Masehi_-_1918_Masehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemerdekaan_beragama,_rezim_NAZI,_dan_zaman_modern:_1918_Masehi_-_sekarang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemerdekaan_beragama,_rezim_NAZI,_dan_zaman_modern:_1918_Masehi_-_sekarang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Kemerdekaan beragama, rezim NAZI, dan zaman modern: 1918 Masehi - sekarang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemerdekaan_beragama,_rezim_NAZI,_dan_zaman_modern:_1918_Masehi_-_sekarang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Survei_penduduk_berdasarkan_agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survei_penduduk_berdasarkan_agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Survei penduduk berdasarkan agama</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Survei_penduduk_berdasarkan_agama-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Survei penduduk berdasarkan agama</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Survei_penduduk_berdasarkan_agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Survei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Survei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_berdasarkan_negara_bagian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_berdasarkan_negara_bagian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Agama berdasarkan negara bagian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_berdasarkan_negara_bagian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelompok_agama_di_Jerman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelompok_agama_di_Jerman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kelompok agama di Jerman</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kelompok_agama_di_Jerman-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kelompok agama di Jerman</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kelompok_agama_di_Jerman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kekristenan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekristenan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kekristenan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekristenan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistik_saat_ini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistik_saat_ini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Statistik saat ini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistik_saat_ini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sekularisme_dan_tanpa_agama:_atheisme_and_agnostisisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekularisme_dan_tanpa_agama:_atheisme_and_agnostisisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sekularisme dan tanpa agama: atheisme and agnostisisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sekularisme_dan_tanpa_agama:_atheisme_and_agnostisisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yudaisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yudaisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Yudaisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yudaisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Agama lainnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Galeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Agama di Jerman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 21 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الدين في ألمانيا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدين في ألمانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вероизповедания в Германия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вероизповедания в Германия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religionen_in_Deutschland" title="Religionen in Deutschland – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Religionen in Deutschland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Θρησκεία στη Γερμανία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θρησκεία στη Γερμανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Religion in Germany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n_en_Alemania" title="Religión en Alemania – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Religión en Alemania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دین در آلمان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دین در آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskonto_Saksassa" title="Uskonto Saksassa – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uskonto Saksassa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_en_Allemagne" title="Religion en Allemagne – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion en Allemagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religija_u_Njema%C4%8Dkoj" title="Religija u Njemačkoj – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Religija u Njemačkoj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religioni_in_Germania" title="Religioni in Germania – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Religioni in Germania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="ドイツの宗教 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツの宗教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="독일의 종교 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일의 종교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Религија во Германија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Религија во Германија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religia_w_Niemczech" title="Religia w Niemczech – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Religia w Niemczech" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_na_Alemanha" title="Religião na Alemanha – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Religião na Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Религия в Германии – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Религия в Германии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feja_n%C3%AB_Gjermani" title="Feja në Gjermani – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feja në Gjermani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya%27da_din" title="Almanya'da din – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanya'da din" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Релігія в Німеччині – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Релігія в Німеччині" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="德国宗教 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德国宗教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q701487#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Agama_di_Jerman" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Agama_di_Jerman" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&oldid=25857817" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Agama+di+Jerman"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Agama_di_Jerman&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Germany" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q701487" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of Germany showing religious statistics by district. Catholicism dominates the south and west, Protestantism Swabia and the north, and other or no religion dominates the east and some major cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2011.png/290px-Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2011.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="414" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2011.png/435px-Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2011.png/580px-Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Penganut agama di Jerman berdasarkan sensus tahun 2011<br />Ungu: Protestanisme<br />Kuning: Katolik<br />Hijau: Tidak beragama/agama lainnya<br />Warna yang lebih gelap menunjukkan mayoritas (lebih besar dari 50%). </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Agama</b> Kristen adalah agama yang paling dominan di Jerman. Total sekitar 60% pemeluk agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> dari berbagai <a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">denominasi</a> terdapat di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agama_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agama-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dua <a href="/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja">gereja</a> terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Injili_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Injili di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Injili di Jerman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a>: <i>Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland</i>, disingkat EKD). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Injili_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Injili di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Injili di Jerman</a> adalah kumpulan dari beberapa gereja berpaham <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestanisme</a> yang terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Lutheran" title="Gereja Lutheran">Gereja Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_reformasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja reformasi">Gereja reformasi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvinisme" title="Calvinisme">Calvinisme</a>) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Gereja_Prusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Gereja Prusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Persatuan Gereja Prusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ekado_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Injili_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Injili di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Injili di Jerman</a>, terdapat juga pengikut <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks">Gereja Ortodoks</a> di Jerman. Diperkirakan 3,3% penduduk <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> adalah penganut <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Ortodoks">Kristen Ortodoks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agama_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agama-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:69.816541899347px 71.593648302183px 0 0; border-top-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:35.641187871325px 93.432894245661px 0 0; border-top-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:30.901699437495px 95.105651629515px 0 0; border-top-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Agama di Jerman (2019) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Katolik">Kristen Katolik</a> (55%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> Lain-lain (0.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (6.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> Tidak beragama/<a href="/wiki/Ateis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateis">Ateis</a> (37.7%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Sekitar 33% hingga 40 % dari total populasi <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> menyatakan diri sebagai orang yang tidak tergabung dalam agama apapun. Mereka terdiri dari kaum <a href="/wiki/Ateis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateis">ateis</a> dan penganut paham <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostisisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agnostik_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnostik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> dan orang tanpa agama, di Jerman juga terdapat pemeluk agama lain. Mayoritas dari pemeluk agama lain ini terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, 2,1 juta hingga 4,7 juta orang tersusun dari total 5% dari populasi <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fowid_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fowid-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-REMID_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REMID-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penganut agama <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha">Buddha</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu" title="Agama Hindu">Hindu</a> menyusun kurang dari 1% dari total populasi penduduk <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fowid_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fowid-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-REMID_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REMID-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Komposisi penganut <a href="/wiki/Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoks">Ortodoks</a> yaitu <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Timur" title="Gereja Ortodoks Timur">Gereja Ortodoks Timur</a> 1.9% dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks Oriental">Gereja Ortodoks Oriental</a> 1.5% </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paganisme_Jerman:_1000_SM_-_300_Masehi">Paganisme Jerman: 1000 SM - 300 Masehi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Paganisme Jerman: 1000 SM - 300 Masehi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Paganisme Jerman: 1000 SM - 300 Masehi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat berbagai macam jenis aliran kepercayaan tradisional di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Sejarah mencatat pada tahun 10 dan dan 11 Masehi terdapat kepercayaan Norse di Utara Jerman. Agama <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">Pagan</a> Jerman termasuk kedalam kepercayaan <a href="/wiki/Politeisme" title="Politeisme">politeisme</a> dengan banyak kemiripan dengan agama-agama orang Indo-Eropa pada umumnya pada saat itu.<sup id="cite_ref-pagan2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagan2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para dewa dan dewi Pagan Jerman dikenal luas oleh orang Jerman dengan berbagai macam panggilan. Salah satu yang paling terkenal di Jerman adalah <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin"><i>Wodan</i></a> atau <i>Wotan</i>, orang <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> menyebutnya dengan panggilan <i>Wōden,</i> dan bagi penganut kepercayaan Norse mereka sebut dengan <i><a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a></i>. Orang <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> kuno juga memuja dewa <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a> dengan panggilan <i>Donar,</i> orang <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> menyebutnya <i>Þunor</i> dan bagi orang-orang Norse dikenal sebagai Þórr.<sup id="cite_ref-pagan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Romawi_akhir_dan_Kekaisaran_Karoling:_300_Masehi_-_1000_Masehi">Zaman Romawi akhir dan Kekaisaran Karoling: 300 Masehi - 1000 Masehi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman Romawi akhir dan Kekaisaran Karoling: 300 Masehi - 1000 Masehi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zaman Romawi akhir dan Kekaisaran Karoling: 300 Masehi - 1000 Masehi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada saat wilayah <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> masih dalam kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a> (Provinsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jermania_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jermania Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Jermania Besar</a> dan Provinsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jermania_Kecil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jermania Kecil (halaman belum tersedia)">Jermania Kecil</a>), ajaran <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a> mulai masuk dan berkembang setelah tahun ke 4 Masehi.<sup id="cite_ref-awal_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun kuil-kuil <a href="/wiki/Romawi" class="mw-disambig" title="Romawi">Romawi</a> telah hadir terlebih dahulu, bangunan-bangunan bercorak <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> juga mulai dibangun. Salah satu arsitektur Kekristenan awal di Jerman adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aula_Palatina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aula Palatina (halaman belum tersedia)">Aula Palatina</a> di kota <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a> (kelak menjadi ibu kota Provinsi <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>). <a href="/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja">Gereja</a> ini selesai dibangun semasa pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Kaisar" title="Kaisar">Kaisar</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantinus_Agung" title="Konstantinus Agung">Konstantinus Agung</a> (306-337 Masehi).<sup id="cite_ref-palatina_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palatina-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-palatina2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palatina2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama periode <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Karoling" title="Kekaisaran Karoling">Kekaisaran Karoling</a>, agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> menyebar keseluruh <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, khususnya pada masa Kaisar <a href="/wiki/Karel_yang_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Karel yang Agung">Karel yang Agung</a> (800-814 Masehi). Bangunan-bangunan religius yang dibangun pada masa Kekaisaran Karoling diantaranya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapel_Palatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapel Palatin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kapel Palatin</a> di kota <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> salah satu bagian dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istana_Aachen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istana Aachen (halaman belum tersedia)">Istana Aachen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-karoling_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karoling-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-karoling2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karoling2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periode_Pra_Reformasi:_1000_Masehi_-_1517_Masehi">Periode Pra Reformasi: 1000 Masehi - 1517 Masehi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Periode Pra Reformasi: 1000 Masehi - 1517 Masehi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Periode Pra Reformasi: 1000 Masehi - 1517 Masehi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wilayah yang kita sebut sekarang sebagai Jerman pada zaman dahulu merupakan wilayah penganut <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> seperti kebanyakan bangsa <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> lainnya pada waktu itu. Bangsa-bangsa di Eropa pada zaman itu sangat bergantung dan patuh pada <a href="/wiki/Paus_(Gereja_Katolik)" title="Paus (Gereja Katolik)">Paus</a> dan Kekaisaran Suci Romawi.<sup id="cite_ref-vatikan_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatikan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vatikan2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatikan2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paus memegang peranan penting dalam perpolitikan kerajaan-kerajaan di Eropa pada abad pertengahan.<sup id="cite_ref-patuh_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patuh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformasi,_Kontra_Reformasi,_dan_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun:_1517_Masehi_-_1648_Masehi"><span id="Reformasi.2C_Kontra_Reformasi.2C_dan_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun:_1517_Masehi_-_1648_Masehi"></span>Reformasi, Kontra Reformasi, dan Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun: 1517 Masehi - 1648 Masehi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Reformasi, Kontra Reformasi, dan Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun: 1517 Masehi - 1648 Masehi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reformasi, Kontra Reformasi, dan Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun: 1517 Masehi - 1648 Masehi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:1529MartinLuther.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/1529MartinLuther.jpg/220px-1529MartinLuther.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/1529MartinLuther.jpg/330px-1529MartinLuther.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/1529MartinLuther.jpg/440px-1529MartinLuther.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> (1483–1546) adalah tokoh utama yang mempelopori <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> telah mengakar kuat di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> di bawah pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Suci" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Suci">Kekaisaran Romawi Suci</a> hingga kedatangan gerakan <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a> yang mengubah dominasi <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> di daratan <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vatikan2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatikan2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reformasi Protestan lahir sebagai sebuah upaya untuk mereformasi <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik</a>, dipelopori oleh <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> yang menentang hal-hal yang menurut anggapannya adalah doktrin-doktrin palsu dan malapraktik gerejawi. Beberapa diantaranya adalah penjualan <a href="/wiki/Indulgensi" title="Indulgensi">indulgensi</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Simoni" title="Simoni">simoni</a>, jual-beli jabatan rohaniwan yang menurut para reformator merupakan bukti kerusakan sistemik <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Paus_(Katolik_Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus (Katolik Roma)">Sri Paus</a> itu sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-korup_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-korup-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mulainya gerakan <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a> ditandai saat <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> mengirimkan <a href="/wiki/95_dalil_Luther" title="95 dalil Luther">95 Tesis</a> beserta sebuah surat kepada <a href="/wiki/Albertus_dari_Brandenburg" title="Albertus dari Brandenburg">Albertus dari Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uskup_Agung_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Uskup Agung Mainz">Uskup Agung Mainz</a>, pada 31 Oktober 1517, tanggal yang sekarang dianggap sebagai awal mula <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a> dan dirayakan setiap tahun sebagai <a href="/wiki/Hari_Reformasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Reformasi">Hari Reformasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-luther_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luther-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martin Luther juga memasang 95 Tesisnya di pintu <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Seluruh_Orang_Kudus,_Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Seluruh Orang Kudus, Wittenberg">Gereja Semua Orang Kudus</a>, dan gereja-gereja lainnya di <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a>. 95 Tesis dengan cepat dicetak ulang, diterjemahkan, dan disebarkan di seluruh <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>. Hal ini menyebabkan dimulainya <a href="/wiki/Perang_pamflet" title="Perang pamflet">perang pamflet</a> dengan pengkhotbah <a href="/wiki/Indulgensi" title="Indulgensi">indulgensi</a> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tetzel" title="Johann Tetzel">Johann Tetzel</a>, sehingga membuat nama Martin Luther semakin terkenal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gereja Katolik menanggapi aksi <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> dengan suatu gerakan yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Kontra-Reformasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontra-Reformasi">Kontra-Reformasi</a>, diprakarsai oleh <a href="/wiki/Konsili_Trente" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsili Trente">Konsili Trente</a>. Banyak upaya dalam menghadapi <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestanisme</a> dilakukan oleh kalangan <a href="/wiki/Serikat_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Serikat Yesus">Yesuit</a>. Eropa pun terpecah menjadi dua kubu, yaitu kubu <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestanisme</a>. Hampir semua wilayah <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Utara" title="Eropa Utara">Eropa Utara</a> beralih ke paham Protestanisme, kecuali <a href="/wiki/Irlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandia">Irlandia</a> bagian selatan yang tetap Katolik. Orang <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Selatan" title="Eropa Selatan">Eropa Selatan</a> tetap setia kepada Katolik, sedangkan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Tengah" title="Eropa Tengah">Eropa Tengah</a> menjadi pusat lokasi konflik antar agama yang sengit, imbas dari <a href="/wiki/Perang_agama_Eropa" title="Perang agama Eropa">serangkaian perang agama di Eropa</a> yang memuncak pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun" title="Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun">Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pasca_Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun_dan_Persatuan_Gereja_Protestan:_1648_Masehi_-_1871_Masehi">Pasca Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun dan Persatuan Gereja Protestan: 1648 Masehi - 1871 Masehi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pasca Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun dan Persatuan Gereja Protestan: 1648 Masehi - 1871 Masehi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pasca Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun dan Persatuan Gereja Protestan: 1648 Masehi - 1871 Masehi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dua aliran agama baru terbentuk di Jerman setelah tahun 1814. Dua aliran tersebut adalah <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Lutheran" title="Gereja Lutheran">Gereja Lutheran</a> dan sebagian lagi gereja reformasi protestan lainnya. Terdapat gerakan yang ingin menyatukan dua aliran ini. Raja <a href="/wiki/Prusia" title="Prusia">Prusia</a> pada saat itu <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm III">Friedrich Wilhelm III</a> juga berkeinginan untuk mengambil alih gerakan penyatuan ini.<sup id="cite_ref-licik2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-licik2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, Raja <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm III">Friedrich Wilhelm III</a> dalam proses penyatuan tidak melibatkan pihak lain dan cenderung memaksa untuk melakukan standardisasi <a href="/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi">liturgi</a>, organisasi, bahkan arsitektur bangunan. Tujuan jangka panjang sang raja sesungguhnya untuk memegang kendali secara penuh atas Gereja Protestan yang ia bentuk.<sup id="cite_ref-licik_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-licik-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-licik3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-licik3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seiring dengan proses penyatuan tersebut dibentuklah Gereja Injili Prusia Bersatu dengan Raja Prusia sebagai Uskup Kepala. Gerakan perlawanan terhadap penyatuan gereja protestan ini muncul dari kalangan <i>Lutheran Lama</i> di <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> yang memegang teguh kepada prinsip <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">teologi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi">liturgi</a> yang mereka terapkan semenjak zaman <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> masih hidup.<sup id="cite_ref-kolot_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kolot-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerajaan berusaha untuk menekan kalangan <i>Lutheran Lama</i> ini namun tidak berhasil. Mereka memilih untuk kabur daripada harus meninggalkan keyakinan yang mereka anut. tercatat sepuluh ribu kaum <i>Lutheran Lama</i> ini bermigrasi ke <a href="/wiki/Australia_Selatan" title="Australia Selatan">Australia Selatan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, dimana mereka membentuk <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Evangelis_Lutheran_di_Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Evangelis Lutheran di Amerika">Gereja Evangelis Lutheran di Amerika</a> yang berpaham <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme" title="Fundamentalisme">Fundamentalis</a> dalam memaknai <a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-elca_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elca-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hingga pada tahun 1845 Raja <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm IV">Friedrich Wilhelm IV</a> mengiziknkan kaum <i>Lutheran Lama</i> ini berpisah dari gereja yang berada dibawah pemerintah.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kulturkampf_dan_Kekaisaran_Jerman:_1871_Masehi_-_1918_Masehi">Kulturkampf dan Kekaisaran Jerman: 1871 Masehi - 1918 Masehi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Kulturkampf dan Kekaisaran Jerman: 1871 Masehi - 1918 Masehi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kulturkampf dan Kekaisaran Jerman: 1871 Masehi - 1918 Masehi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kladderadatsch_1875_-_Zwischen_Berlin_und_Rom.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kladderadatsch_1875_-_Zwischen_Berlin_und_Rom.png/220px-Kladderadatsch_1875_-_Zwischen_Berlin_und_Rom.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kladderadatsch_1875_-_Zwischen_Berlin_und_Rom.png/330px-Kladderadatsch_1875_-_Zwischen_Berlin_und_Rom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kladderadatsch_1875_-_Zwischen_Berlin_und_Rom.png/440px-Kladderadatsch_1875_-_Zwischen_Berlin_und_Rom.png 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption><i>Antara Berlin dan Roma</i>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> (kiri) dan <a href="/wiki/Paus_Pius_IX" title="Paus Pius IX">Paus Pius IX</a> (kanan). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kladderadatsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kladderadatsch (halaman belum tersedia)">Kladderadatsch</a>, 1875.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Kulturkampf</i> adalah upaya penindasan terhadap pemeluk agama <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> pada akhir abad ke-19.<sup id="cite_ref-Heuken_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heuken-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerakan ini diprakarsai oleh <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a>. Alasan utama <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> melakukan ini adalah karena kekhawatirannya akan pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> yang dapat memecah belah kesatuan di <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Kekaisaran Jerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wellem_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wellem-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para kaum <a href="/wiki/Yesuit" title="Yesuit">Yesuit</a> diusir dari<a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dan sekolah-sekolah yang diasuh <a href="/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja">gereja</a> diambil alih oleh pemrintah.<sup id="cite_ref-Wellem_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wellem-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak <a href="/wiki/Uskup" title="Uskup">uskup</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kardinal" title="Kardinal">kardinal</a> yang dipenjarakan, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> kehilangan semua bantuan finansial dari pemerintah dan semua anggota serikat diusir dari Jerman.<sup id="cite_ref-Wellem_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wellem-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tetapi ketika <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> berniat ingin mengalahkan <a href="/wiki/Partai_Demokrat_Sosial_Jerman" title="Partai Demokrat Sosial Jerman">Partai Demokrat Sosial Jerman</a>, dia justru meminta bantuan dari <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a>. Sehingga hal ini menimbulkan adanya perdamaian anatar <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Paus_Leo_XIII" title="Paus Leo XIII">Paus Leo XIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wellem_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wellem-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1887, peraturan-peraturan yang bersifat melawan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> dihapuskan. Namun, kaum <a href="/wiki/Yesuit" title="Yesuit">Yesuit</a> di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> tetap diusir.<sup id="cite_ref-Wellem_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wellem-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemerdekaan_beragama,_rezim_NAZI,_dan_zaman_modern:_1918_Masehi_-_sekarang"><span id="Kemerdekaan_beragama.2C_rezim_NAZI.2C_dan_zaman_modern:_1918_Masehi_-_sekarang"></span>Kemerdekaan beragama, rezim NAZI, dan zaman modern: 1918 Masehi - sekarang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Kemerdekaan beragama, rezim NAZI, dan zaman modern: 1918 Masehi - sekarang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kemerdekaan beragama, rezim NAZI, dan zaman modern: 1918 Masehi - sekarang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Koelner_Zentralmoschee_Januar_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Koelner_Zentralmoschee_Januar_2013.jpg/220px-Koelner_Zentralmoschee_Januar_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Koelner_Zentralmoschee_Januar_2013.jpg/330px-Koelner_Zentralmoschee_Januar_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Koelner_Zentralmoschee_Januar_2013.jpg/440px-Koelner_Zentralmoschee_Januar_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4778" data-file-height="4918" /></a><figcaption>Masjid di kota Köln. Islam merupakan agama dengan jumlah pertumbuhan paling pesat di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Konstitusi nasional Jerman tahun 1919 dan 1949 menjamin kebebasan beriman dan beragama. Konstitusi modern Jerman tahun 1949 juga menyatakan tidak satu orangpun boleh didiskrimasi karena keyakinan atau agamanya. Tidak ada gereja negara di Jerman.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kelompok agama dengan jumlah penganut yang terbilang banyak, bersifat stabil (tidak mengganggu stabilitas keamanan nasional), dan setia kepada konstitusi dapat diakui sebagai <i>Körperschaften öffentlichen Rechtes</i> (badan hukum publik).<sup id="cite_ref-resmi_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resmi-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan diakuinya secara hukum kelompok-kelompok agama ini diberikan beberapa keistimewaan, seperti diperbolehkan memberikan pelajaran agama di sekolah-sekolah negeri (seperti yang tercantum pada konstitusi Jerman, meskipun beberapa negara bagian hal ini tidak berlaku) dan dikenakan biaya keanggotaan sebagai bentuk <i>Pajak Gereja</i>. Pajak yang dikenakan bervariasi mulai dari 8% hingga 9% dari pajak pendapatan. Kebijakan ini diberikan kepada <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Injili_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Injili di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Injili di Jerman</a> (EKD), beberapa gereja beraliran <a href="/wiki/Evangelikalisme" title="Evangelikalisme">Evangelis</a>, dan kelompok penganut <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a>. Ada opini untuk memasukkan kelompok agama lain untuk menerima status sebagai <i>Körperschaften öffentlichen Rechtes,</i> seperti Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-georgetown1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgetown1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statistik menunjukkan bahwa penduduk di wilayah <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman Timur</a> termasuk ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> cenderung tidak religius dan lebih <a href="/wiki/Sekularisme" title="Sekularisme">sekular</a> daripada penduduk di wilayah <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Barat" title="Jerman Barat">Jerman Barat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di abad ke-21 ini <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> merupakan agama yang paling pesat perkembangannya di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Jerman bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> adalah tiga negara dengan jumlah populasi <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslim</a> terbesar di benua <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-islam_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-islam-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pertumbuhan umat Islam di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> pada khususnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingginya angka kelahiran di kalangan keluarga <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-popul_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popul-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2013 hari besar keagamaan Islam mulai diakui di <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hamburg_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamburg-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hamburg2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamburg2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Survei_penduduk_berdasarkan_agama">Survei penduduk berdasarkan agama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Survei penduduk berdasarkan agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Survei penduduk berdasarkan agama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 352.45314152573px; border-left-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 239.2922834842px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:86.707070116449px 49.818510533949px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 102.54539447886px 100px 0; border-right-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Agama di Jerman (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> Lainnya (termasuk Tanpa Agama) (37.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Katolik_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a> (29%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> (27%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orchid; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks">Gereja Ortodoks</a> (1.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (4.4%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Survei">Survei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Survei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Survei"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a> adalah agama yang paling dominan di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dengan populasi sebasar 60% dari seluruh penduduk <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Denominasi terbesar di Jerman adalah <a href="/wiki/Katolik_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a> dengan total populasi 29,5%, gereja aliran <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestanisme</a> sebanyak 27,9%, dan pengikut <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks">Gereja Ortodoks</a> sebanyak 3,3%. Agama lain non-kristen dengan populasi terbesar adalah <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> dengan jumlah persentase sebesar 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-agama_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agama-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pengikut gereja aliran Protestan di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> terkonsentrasi di bagian utara dan timur sedangkan umat Katolik Jerman banyak terdapat di wilayah selatan dan barat. Joseph Alois Ratzinger atau banyak dikenal dengan gelar <a href="/wiki/Paus_Benediktus_XVI" title="Paus Benediktus XVI">Paus Benediktus XVI</a> adalah Paus yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paus_Benediktus_XVI" title="Paus Benediktus XVI">Paus Benediktus XVI</a> dilahirkan di <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Jerman bagian selatan. Orang-orang Jerman yang tidak tergabung dalam kelompok agama apapun erkonsentrasi di wilayah bekas negara <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman Timur</a>. Sebagian dari mereka penganut paham <a href="/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme">ateisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostisisme</a>. Agama <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks">Kristen Ortodoks</a> di Jerman banyak dibawa oleh imigran dari <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>. Kantong populasi <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> dapat ditemukan di kota besar seperti <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nah_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 305px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Populasi pengikut Gereja Protestan menurut sensus tahun 2011."><img alt="Populasi pengikut Gereja Protestan menurut sensus tahun 2011." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png/200px-Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png/300px-Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png/400px-Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Populasi pengikut Gereja Protestan menurut sensus tahun 2011.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 305px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Populasi pengikut Gereja Katolik Roma menurut sensus tahun 2011."><img alt="Populasi pengikut Gereja Katolik Roma menurut sensus tahun 2011." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png/200px-Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png/300px-Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png/400px-Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Populasi pengikut Gereja Katolik Roma menurut sensus tahun 2011.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 305px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Populasi penduduk tanpa agama menurut sensus tahun 2011 (termasuk pemeluk agama minoritas lainnya)."><img alt="Populasi penduduk tanpa agama menurut sensus tahun 2011 (termasuk pemeluk agama minoritas lainnya)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png/200px-Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png/300px-Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png/400px-Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Populasi penduduk tanpa agama menurut sensus tahun 2011 (termasuk pemeluk agama minoritas lainnya).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3182.0515953774px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 506.89393637885px; border-left-color:Indigo"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Indigo"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Indigo"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 352.45314152573px; border-left-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 262.14865391968px; border-left-color:Aquamarine"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Aquamarine"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Aquamarine"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 196.26105055051px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:72.465313018705px 68.911380838735px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 50.163620075651px 100px 0; border-right-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Agama di Jerman 2016 oleh Survei Sosial Umum Jerman </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> Tidak terafiliasi (32.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik">Gereja Katolik</a> (30.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Lutheran" title="Gereja Lutheran">Gereja Lutheran</a> (29.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Aquamarine; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Bebas_Injili_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Bebas Injili Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Bebas Injili Jerman</a> (1.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orchid; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks">Gereja Ortodoks</a> (1.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Indigo; color:white;"> </span> Kristen lainnya (1.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (2.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> Agama lainnya (0.5%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama_berdasarkan_negara_bagian">Agama berdasarkan negara bagian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Agama berdasarkan negara bagian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama berdasarkan negara bagian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 2016, lembaga survei Politbarometer melakukan survei terhadap penduduk Jerman diatas 18 tahun untuk mengetahui data jumlah pemeluk agama tiap negara bagian di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Seperti yang disajikan pada tabel dibawah ini <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> adalah agama mayoritas di hampir seluruh negara bagian di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Orang-orang yang tidak tergabung dalam kelompok agama tertentu banyak terdapat di negara bagian di wilayah Jerman Timur. Populasi muslim terbesar dapat ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> dengan persentase 10,9% dari keseluruhan penduduk kota <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="margin:auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>Negara bagian<sup id="cite_ref-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Protestanisme </th> <th>Katolik </th> <th>Tidak Beragama </th> <th>Islam </th> <th>Lainnya </th></tr> <tr style="background:#eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> </td> <td>37.6% </td> <td><b>40.6%</b> </td> <td>16.4% </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>3.0% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayern" title="Bayern"><img alt="Bayern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> </td> <td>23.4% </td> <td><b>58.6%</b> </td> <td>15.6% </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg"><img alt="Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> </td> <td>24.9% </td> <td>3.5% </td> <td><b>69.9%</b> </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen"><img alt="Bremen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> </td> <td><b>51.8%</b> </td> <td>7.8% </td> <td>39.1% </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Timur" title="Berlin Timur">Berlin Timur</a> </td> <td>14.3% </td> <td>7.5% </td> <td><b>74.3%</b> </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td>2.4% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Barat" title="Berlin Barat">Berlin Barat</a> </td> <td>32.0% </td> <td>12.4% </td> <td>43.5% </td> <td>8.5% </td> <td>3.5% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg"><img alt="Hamburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> </td> <td>34.3% </td> <td>9.0% </td> <td><b>44.1%</b> </td> <td>10.9% </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen"><img alt="Hessen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> </td> <td><b>50.2%</b> </td> <td>21.7% </td> <td>22.2% </td> <td>3.8% </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niedersachsen" title="Niedersachsen"><img alt="Niedersachsen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Niedersachsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Niedersachsen">Niedersachsen</a> </td> <td><b>53.8%</b> </td> <td>18.7% </td> <td>24.1% </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern"><img alt="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> </td> <td>24.9% </td> <td>3.9% </td> <td><b>70.0%</b> </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen"><img alt="Nordrhein-Westfalen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Nordrhein-Westfalen</a> </td> <td>30.9% </td> <td><b>44.6%</b> </td> <td>18.1% </td> <td>4.4% </td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rheinland-Pfalz" title="Rheinland-Pfalz"><img alt="Rheinland-Pfalz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> </td> <td>34.8% </td> <td><b>42.4%</b> </td> <td>19.6% </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland"><img alt="Saarland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> </td> <td>22.3% </td> <td><b>68.1%</b> </td> <td>8.2% </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sachsen" title="Sachsen"><img alt="Sachsen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> </td> <td>27.6% </td> <td>4.0% </td> <td><b>66.9%</b> </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sachsen-Anhalt" title="Sachsen-Anhalt"><img alt="Sachsen-Anhalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> </td> <td>18.8% </td> <td>5.1% </td> <td><b>74.7%</b> </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein"><img alt="Schleswig-Holstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> </td> <td><b>61.5%</b> </td> <td>3.2% </td> <td>31.3% </td> <td>2.2% </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%BCringen" title="Thüringen"><img alt="Thüringen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> </td> <td>27.8% </td> <td>9.5% </td> <td><b>61.2%</b> </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ddd"> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman"><img alt="Jerman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Jerman</b> </td> <td>34.5% </td> <td>32.2% </td> <td>29.0% </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>1.8% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kelompok_agama_di_Jerman">Kelompok agama di Jerman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Kelompok agama di Jerman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelompok agama di Jerman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Kekristenan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekristenan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 1871 diperkirakan penduduk <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Kekaisaran Jerman</a> dua pertiga populasinya memeluk ajaran <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">protestanisme</a>, sepertiganya adalah pengikut <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a>, dan sebagian kecil lainnya adalah orang-orang <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut survei tahun 2016 total sekitar 60% pemeluk agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> dari berbagai <a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">denominasi</a> terdapat di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agama_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agama-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dua <a href="/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja">gereja</a> terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Injili_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Injili di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Injili di Jerman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a>: <i>Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland</i>, disingkat EKD). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Injili_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Injili di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Injili di Jerman</a> adalah kumpulan dari beberapa gereja berpaham <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestanisme</a> yang terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Lutheran" title="Gereja Lutheran">Gereja Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_reformasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja reformasi">Gereja reformasi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvinisme" title="Calvinisme">Calvinisme</a>) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Gereja_Prusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Gereja Prusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Persatuan Gereja Prusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ekado_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Injili_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Injili di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Injili di Jerman</a>, terdapat juga pengikut <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks">Gereja Ortodoks</a> di Jerman. Diperkirakan 3,3% penduduk <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> adalah penganut <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Orthodox">Kristen Orthodox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agama_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agama-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistik_saat_ini">Statistik saat ini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Statistik saat ini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Statistik saat ini"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dua gereja Kristen besar (Katolik dan Protestan) di Jerman mencatat penurunan besar dalam keanggotaan tahun lalu. Ini adalah tren yang telah berlangsung lama, meskipun pada tahun 2019, untuk perubahan, lebih banyak umat Katolik meninggalkan gereja daripada Protestan. Secara keseluruhan, lebih dari 540.000 orang Kristen berpaling dari agama yang terorganisir. Tidak sejak awal 1990-an jumlah keanggotaan turun begitu drastis </p><p>Lebih dari setengah dari semua orang yang tinggal di Jerman — 43,3 juta orang, tepatnya — masih menjadi anggota gereja Protestan atau Katolik. Tapi itu penurunan sekitar 5 juta dibandingkan 10 tahun lalu. Keanggotaan gereja juga menurun karena jumlah anggota gereja yang meninggal jauh melebihi jumlah pembaptisan<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sekularisme_dan_tanpa_agama:_atheisme_and_agnostisisme">Sekularisme dan tanpa agama: atheisme and agnostisisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Sekularisme dan tanpa agama: atheisme and agnostisisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sekularisme dan tanpa agama: atheisme and agnostisisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penduduk Jerman yang tidak tergabung dalam kelompok agama manapun terkonsentrasi di wilayah bekas negara <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman Timur</a>. Sebagian dari mereka penganut paham <a href="/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme">ateisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostisisme</a>. Agama <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks">Kristen Ortodoks</a> di Jerman banyak dibawa oleh imigran dari <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>. Kantong populasi <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> dapat ditemukan di kota besar seperti <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nah_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilayah dengan jumlah populasi tidak beragama yang dominan terdapat di <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>. Di Negara Bagian <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> hanya sekitar 19,7% dari total populasi yang menjadi pengikut Gereja Protestan ataupun Gereja Katolik. <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> adalah negara bagian dimana pelopor <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> dilahirkan dan dibesarkan.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Islam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Jerman" title="Islam di Jerman">Islam di Jerman</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mesut_%C3%96zil,_Germany_national_football_team_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mesut_%C3%96zil%2C_Germany_national_football_team_%2802%29.jpg/181px-Mesut_%C3%96zil%2C_Germany_national_football_team_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mesut_%C3%96zil%2C_Germany_national_football_team_%2802%29.jpg/272px-Mesut_%C3%96zil%2C_Germany_national_football_team_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mesut_%C3%96zil%2C_Germany_national_football_team_%2802%29.jpg/362px-Mesut_%C3%96zil%2C_Germany_national_football_team_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mesut_%C3%96zil" title="Mesut Özil">Mesut Özil</a> adalah salah satu tokoh muslim Jerman yang terkenal.</figcaption></figure> <p>Islam adalah agama non-Kristen terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Menurut survei yang dilakukan oleh Pusat Penelitian Pew tahun 2016 diperkirakan jumlah umat <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslim</a> di Jerman berjumlah 4,7 juta orang atau sebesar 5,8% dari total populasi Jerman.<sup id="cite_ref-islam_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-islam-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam adalah agama yang paling berkembang pesat di Jerman sehingga menyebabkan jumlah populasi <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslim</a> di Jerman terus meningkat setiap tahunnya.<sup id="cite_ref-pew2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faktor utama pesatnya perkembangan Islam di Eropa khususnya di Jerman adalah karena tingginya angka kelahiran di kalangan keluarga muslim jika dibandingkan dengan keluarga penganut agama lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-islam_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-islam-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Umat Islam di Jerman datang dari berbagai denominasi. Diantaranya adalah <a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syi%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syi'ah">Syi'ah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyyah">Ahmadiyyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alevi" title="Alevi">Alevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah">Zaidiyah</a>, dan lain-lain. Sebagian besar muslim di Jerman adalah imigran dari berbagai negara Islam. Mayoritas diantaranya adalah imigran asal <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, dan pecahan negara <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Sebagian dari imigran ini telah memegang kewarganegaraan <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Kehadiran <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslim</a> pertama kali ke Jerman terjadi pada abad ke-18 Masehi ketika <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> membangun relasi terhadap pihak Jerman.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populasi muslim terbesar dapat ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> dengan persentase 10,9% dari keseluruhan penduduk kota <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> adalah negara dengan jumlah populasi muslim terbesar di benua <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-islam_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-islam-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Yudaisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Yudaisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Komunitas Yahudi telah hadir lama di Jerman sejak abad ke-4 Masehi.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1910 terdapat sekitar 600.000 jiwa orang Yahudi tinggal di Jerman. Komunitas Yahudi di Jerman banyak terdapat di kota-kota besar seperti seperti <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nah_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama_lainnya">Agama lainnya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Agama lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama lainnya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat penganut agama <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha">Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu" title="Agama Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>, dan kelompok agama lainnya yang total dari pemeluk agama-agama ini kurang dari 1% dari keseluruhan populasi <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>. Sebagian besar pemeluk agama tersebut adalah imigran dari negara-negara Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-REMID_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REMID-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Jerman" title="Sejarah Jerman">Sejarah Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Lutheran" title="Gereja Lutheran">Gereja Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Jerman" title="Islam di Jerman">Islam di Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Jerman" title="Demografi Jerman">Demografi Jerman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeri">Galeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Galeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Galeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:UlmMinster0042.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ulm Minster adalah bangunan Gereja Lutheran di Jerman."><img alt="Ulm Minster adalah bangunan Gereja Lutheran di Jerman." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UlmMinster0042.jpg/77px-UlmMinster0042.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UlmMinster0042.jpg/116px-UlmMinster0042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UlmMinster0042.jpg/154px-UlmMinster0042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ulm Minster adalah bangunan Gereja Lutheran di Jerman.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cologne_cathedral_at_dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Katedral Koln adalah bangunan Gereja Katolik di Jerman."><img alt="Katedral Koln adalah bangunan Gereja Katolik di Jerman." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cologne_cathedral_at_dusk.jpg/90px-Cologne_cathedral_at_dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cologne_cathedral_at_dusk.jpg/135px-Cologne_cathedral_at_dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cologne_cathedral_at_dusk.jpg/180px-Cologne_cathedral_at_dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Katedral Koln adalah bangunan Gereja Katolik di Jerman.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:G%C3%B6ttingen_Moschee_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Masjid di kota Göttingen, Jerman."><img alt="Masjid di kota Göttingen, Jerman." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/G%C3%B6ttingen_Moschee_3.JPG/120px-G%C3%B6ttingen_Moschee_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/G%C3%B6ttingen_Moschee_3.JPG/180px-G%C3%B6ttingen_Moschee_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/G%C3%B6ttingen_Moschee_3.JPG/240px-G%C3%B6ttingen_Moschee_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4027" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Masjid di kota Göttingen, Jerman.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Synagoge_Worms_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sinagog di Jerman"><img alt="Sinagog di Jerman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Synagoge_Worms_03.jpg/120px-Synagoge_Worms_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Synagoge_Worms_03.jpg/180px-Synagoge_Worms_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Synagoge_Worms_03.jpg/240px-Synagoge_Worms_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sinagog di Jerman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuil Hindu Sri Kamadchi Ampal di Jerman."><img alt="Kuil Hindu Sri Kamadchi Ampal di Jerman." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg/90px-Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg/135px-Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg/180px-Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kuil Hindu Sri Kamadchi Ampal di Jerman.</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-agama-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agama_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agama_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agama_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agama_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agama_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-in-germany.html">http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-in-germany.html</a>. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ekado-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ekado_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekado_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ekd.de/en/EKD-98.htm">https://www.ekd.de/en/EKD-98.htm</a>. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agnostik-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agnostik_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/report-shows-highest-percentage-of-atheists-in-former-east-germany-a-828526.html">http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/report-shows-highest-percentage-of-atheists-in-former-east-germany-a-828526.html</a>. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fowid-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fowid_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fowid_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115132325/http://fowid.de/fileadmin/datenarchiv/Religionszugehoerigkeit/Religionszugehoerigkeit_Bevoelkerung_Deutschland_2014.pdf">"Religionszugehörigkeit Bevölkerung Deutschland"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Jerman). Forschungsgruppe Weltanschauungen in Deutschland. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fowid.de/fileadmin/datenarchiv/Religionszugehoerigkeit/Religionszugehoerigkeit_Bevoelkerung_Deutschland_2014.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 20-11-2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religionszugeh%C3%B6rigkeit+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+Deutschland&rft.pub=Forschungsgruppe+Weltanschauungen+in+Deutschland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffowid.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fdatenarchiv%2FReligionszugehoerigkeit%2FReligionszugehoerigkeit_Bevoelkerung_Deutschland_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=, |archivedate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-REMID-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-REMID_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REMID_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REMID_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.remid.de/remid_info_zahlen.htm">"REMID — Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst"</a>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=REMID+%E2%80%94+Religionswissenschaftlicher+Medien-+und+Informationsdienst&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.remid.de%2Fremid_info_zahlen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pagan2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pagan2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.religionfacts.com/norse-religion">http://www.religionfacts.com/norse-religion</a>. Diakses tangal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pagan-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pagan_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/asatru.htm">http://www.religioustolerance.org/asatru.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110095157/http://www.religioustolerance.org/asatru.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-01-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-awal-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-awal_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cai.org/bible-studies/germanys-christian-heritage">https://www.cai.org/bible-studies/germanys-christian-heritage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035319/https://www.cai.org/bible-studies/germanys-christian-heritage">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-12-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-palatina-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-palatina_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/roman-architecture/lecture/P24vt/23-3-the-basilica-or-aula-palatina-at-trier">https://www.coursera.org/learn/roman-architecture/lecture/P24vt/23-3-the-basilica-or-aula-palatina-at-trier</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-palatina2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-palatina2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/aula-palatina-41647.html">https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/aula-palatina-41647.html</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karoling-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-karoling_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://paulbuddehistory.com/europe/the-rise-of-the-carolingians/">http://paulbuddehistory.com/europe/the-rise-of-the-carolingians/</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karoling2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-karoling2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/onlinetextbook.cfm?subpage=1504023">http://www.penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/onlinetextbook.cfm?subpage=1504023</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vatikan-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vatikan_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://history-world.org/midchurchhigh.htm">http://history-world.org/midchurchhigh.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924053659/http://history-world.org/midchurchhigh.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-09-24 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vatikan2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vatikan2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vatikan2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.thefinertimes.com/Middle-Ages/popes-in-the-middle-ages.html">http://www.thefinertimes.com/Middle-Ages/popes-in-the-middle-ages.html</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patuh-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-patuh_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sabda.org/sejarah/artikel/agama_kristen_orang_barat.htm">http://www.sabda.org/sejarah/artikel/agama_kristen_orang_barat.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219034028/http://www.sabda.org/sejarah/artikel/agama_kristen_orang_barat.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2018-02-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-korup-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-korup_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tirto.id/500-tahun-setelah-martin-luther-mengkritik-gereja-czj9">https://tirto.id/500-tahun-setelah-martin-luther-mengkritik-gereja-czj9</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-luther-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-luther_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://news.okezone.com/read/2016/10/31/18/1528465/historipedia-95-dalil-martin-luther-awali-reformasi-protestan">https://news.okezone.com/read/2016/10/31/18/1528465/historipedia-95-dalil-martin-luther-awali-reformasi-protestan</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Lotherington, <i>The German Reformation</i> (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <cite class="citation book">Wilson, Peter Hamish (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XgtpAl8HzjcC"><i>The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. hlm. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780674036345" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780674036345">9780674036345</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-06-16</span></span>. <q>[...] it was not primarily a religious war. [...] Religion certainly provided a powerful focus for identity, but it had to compete with political, social, linguistic, gender and other distinctions. most contemporary observers spoke of imperial, Bavarian, Swedish, or Bohemian troops, not Catholic or Protestant, which are anachronistic labels used for convenience since the nineteenth century to simplify accounts. The war was religious only to the extent that faith guided all early modern public policy and private behaviour.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Thirty+Years+War%3A+Europe%27s+Tragedy&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780674036345&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Peter+Hamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXgtpAl8HzjcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-licik2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-licik2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/404944/frederick-william-iii-king-of-prussia-1770-1840">https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/404944/frederick-william-iii-king-of-prussia-1770-1840</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-licik-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-licik_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_frederick_william_III_prussia.html">http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_frederick_william_III_prussia.html</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-licik3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-licik3_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/biographies/frederick-william-iii/">https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/biographies/frederick-william-iii/</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kolot-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kolot_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.genealoger.com/german/pommern/pommern__old_lutherans.htm">https://www.genealoger.com/german/pommern/pommern__old_lutherans.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220053021/http://www.genealoger.com/german/pommern/pommern__old_lutherans.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-12-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elca-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elca_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.elca.org/Faith/ELCA-Teaching">http://www.elca.org/Faith/ELCA-Teaching</a>. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Clark, <i>Iron Kingdom </i> (2006) pp 412-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Clark, "Confessional policy and the limits of state action: Frederick William III and the Prussian Church Union 1817–40." <i>Historical Journal</i> 39.04 (1996) pp: 985-1004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639865">in JSTOR</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hajo Holborn, <i>A History of Modern Germany 1648-1840</i> (1964) pp 485-91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heuken-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heuken_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adolf Heuken. 2006. Ensiklopedi Gereja:Tr-Z. Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka. Hlm 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wellem-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wellem_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wellem_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wellem_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wellem_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wellem_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">F.D.Wellem. 2006. Kamus Sejarah Gereja. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm 252-253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Basic Law Art. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-resmi-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-resmi_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.berlin.de/sen/kulteu/religion-und-weltanschauung/religionsverfassungsrecht/artikel.34403.php">http://www.berlin.de/sen/kulteu/religion-und-weltanschauung/religionsverfassungsrecht/artikel.34403.php</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgetown1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-georgetown1_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012004817/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/germany">"Germany"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkley_Center_for_Religion,_Peace,_and_World_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs (halaman belum tersedia)">Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/germany">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany&rft.pub=Berkley+Center+for+Religion%2C+Peace%2C+and+World+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberkleycenter.georgetown.edu%2Fresources%2Fcountries%2Fgermany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Thompson, Peter (22 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2012/sep/22/atheism-east-germany-godless-place">"Eastern Germany: the most godless place on Earth"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Eastern+Germany%3A+the+most+godless+place+on+Earth&rft.date=2012-09-22&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fbelief%2F2012%2Fsep%2F22%2Fatheism-east-germany-godless-place&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kamann, Matthias; Facius, Gernot (13 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcrunch.com/culture-society/why-eastern-germany-is-the-most-godless-place-on-earth">"Why Eastern Germany Is The Most Godless Place On Earth"</a>. worldcrunch.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Eastern+Germany+Is+The+Most+Godless+Place+On+Earth&rft.pub=worldcrunch.com&rft.date=2012-05-13&rft.aulast=Kamann&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft.au=Facius%2C+Gernot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcrunch.com%2Fculture-society%2Fwhy-eastern-germany-is-the-most-godless-place-on-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-islam-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-islam_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-islam_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-islam_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-islam_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/19/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/">http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/19/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/</a>. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popul-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popul_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/31/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/">http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/31/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/</a>. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamburg-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hamburg_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dw.com/id/hari-besar-islam-kini-diakui-di-hamburg/a-16379987">http://www.dw.com/id/hari-besar-islam-kini-diakui-di-hamburg/a-16379987</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamburg2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hamburg2_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-mancanegara/13/10/28/mvcotf-alhamdulillah-islam-diakui-di-hamburg-jerman">http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-mancanegara/13/10/28/mvcotf-alhamdulillah-islam-diakui-di-hamburg-jerman</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany">"Germany - Religion"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Germany+-+Religion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGermany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nah-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nah_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nah_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nah_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.german-way.com/history-and-culture/germany/religion-in-germany/">https://www.german-way.com/history-and-culture/germany/religion-in-germany/</a>. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Politbarometer_2016_Bundesland_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414203750/https://zacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V313&stubs=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V7&previousmode=table&sort=column&byc=2&study=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FZA6888&charttype=null&by=1&mode=table&v=2&V313slice=1&V7slice=12&order=asc&weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V319&weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V320&analysismode=table&gs=5&tabcontenttype=row&top=yes">"Konfession, Bundesland - weighted (Kumulierter Datensatz)"</a>. <i>Politbarometer 2016</i>: Question V312.F1. 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V313&stubs=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V7&previousmode=table&sort=column&byc=2&study=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FZA6888&charttype=null&by=1&mode=table&v=2&V313slice=1&V7slice=12&order=asc&weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V319&weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA6888_V320&analysismode=table&gs=5&tabcontenttype=row&top=yes">versi asli</a> tanggal 2020-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-11-20</span></span> – via <a href="/w/index.php?title=GESIS_%E2%80%93_Leibniz_Institute_for_the_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (halaman belum tersedia)">GESIS</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politbarometer+2016&rft.atitle=Konfession%2C+Bundesland+-+weighted+%28Kumulierter+Datensatz%29&rft.pages=Question+V312.F1&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzacat.gesis.org%2Fwebview%2Findex.jsp%3Fheaders%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252F193.175.238.79%253A80%252Fobj%252FfVariable%252FZA6888_V313%26stubs%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252F193.175.238.79%253A80%252Fobj%252FfVariable%252FZA6888_V7%26previousmode%3Dtable%26sort%3Dcolumn%26byc%3D2%26study%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252F193.175.238.79%253A80%252Fobj%252FfStudy%252FZA6888%26charttype%3Dnull%26by%3D1%26mode%3Dtable%26v%3D2%26V313slice%3D1%26V7slice%3D12%26order%3Dasc%26weights%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252F193.175.238.79%253A80%252Fobj%252FfVariable%252FZA6888_V319%26weights%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252F193.175.238.79%253A80%252Fobj%252FfVariable%252FZA6888_V320%26analysismode%3Dtable%26gs%3D5%26tabcontenttype%3Drow%26top%3Dyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German Protestantism has been overwhelmingly a mixture of Lutheran, Reformed (i.e. Calvinist), and United (Lutheran & Reformed/Calvinist) churches, with Baptists, Pentecostals, Methodists, and various other Protestants being only a recent development.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/religion-in-germany-still-relevant/a-53990602">"Opinion: Religion is still relevant as churches lose members | DW | 29.06.2020"</a>. <i>DW.COM</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Religion+is+still+relevant+as+churches+lose+members+%7C+DW+%7C+29.06.2020&rft.aulast=Welle+%28www.dw.com%29&rft.aufirst=Deutsche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Freligion-in-germany-still-relevant%2Fa-53990602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekd.de/download/kimi_2004.pdf">"Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland: Kirchenmitgliederzahlen am 31.12.2004"</a> [Evangelical Church in Germany: Membership on 31.12.2004] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Jerman). Evangelical Church in Germany. December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evangelische+Kirche+in+Deutschland%3A+Kirchenmitgliederzahlen+am+31.12.2004&rft.pub=Evangelical+Church+in+Germany&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekd.de%2Fdownload%2Fkimi_2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pew2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pew2_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pewglobal.org/2006/07/06/muslims-in-europe-economic-worries-top-concerns-about-religious-and-cultural-identity/">http://www.pewglobal.org/2006/07/06/muslims-in-europe-economic-worries-top-concerns-about-religious-and-cultural-identity/</a>. Diakses tanggal 21-11-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anwar, Muhammad; Blaschke, Jochen; Sander, Åke (2004). "Islam and Muslims in Germany: Muslims in German History until 1945". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041228214456/http://www.emz-berlin.de/projekte/pdf/MusPol_Buch.pdf"><i>State Policies Towards Muslim Minorities: Sweden, Great Britain and Germany</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. editionParabolis. hlm. 65−67. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emz-berlin.de/projekte/pdf/MusPol_Buch.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 20-11-2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islam+and+Muslims+in+Germany%3A+Muslims+in+German+History+until+1945&rft.btitle=State+Policies+Towards+Muslim+Minorities%3A+Sweden%2C+Great+Britain+and+Germany&rft.pages=65%E2%88%9267&rft.pub=editionParabolis&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Anwar&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft.au=Blaschke%2C+Jochen&rft.au=Sander%2C+%C3%85ke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emz-berlin.de%2Fprojekte%2Fpdf%2FMusPol_Buch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archivedate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/germany.html">"Germany: Virtual Jewish History Tour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 20-11-2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+Virtual+Jewish+History+Tour&rft.pub=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvjw%2Fgermany.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAgama+di+Jerman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_Eropa" title="Templat:Topik Eropa"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Topik_Eropa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Topik Eropa"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_Eropa&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agama_di_Eropa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Eropa" title="Agama di Eropa">Agama di Eropa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_berdaulat" title="Daftar negara berdaulat">Negara<br />berdaulat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Albania" title="Agama di Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Andorra (halaman belum tersedia)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Armenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Armenia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Austria (halaman belum tersedia)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Azerbaijan" title="Agama di Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Belanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Belarus (halaman belum tersedia)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Belgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Belgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Agama di Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Britania_Raya" title="Agama di Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Inggris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Irlandia_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Irlandia Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Irlandia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Skotlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Wales (halaman belum tersedia)">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Ceko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Ceko (halaman belum tersedia)">Ceko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Estonia" title="Agama di Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Finlandia" title="Agama di Finlandia">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Georgia" title="Agama di Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Hungaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Hungaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Republik_Irlandia" title="Agama di Republik Irlandia">Republik Irlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Islandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Islandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Islandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Italia" title="Agama di Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Kazakhstan" title="Agama di Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Kroasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Kroasia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Latvia (halaman belum tersedia)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Liechtenstein (halaman belum tersedia)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Lituania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Lituania (halaman belum tersedia)">Lituania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Luksemburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Luksemburg (halaman belum tersedia)">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Makedonia_Utara" title="Agama di Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Malta" title="Agama di Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Moldova (halaman belum tersedia)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Monako&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Monako (halaman belum tersedia)">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Montenegro (halaman belum tersedia)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">Norwegia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Portugal (halaman belum tersedia)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Prancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Rusia" title="Agama di Rusia">Rusia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di San Marino (halaman belum tersedia)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Serbia (halaman belum tersedia)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Siprus" title="Agama di Siprus">Siprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Slovenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Slowakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Slowakia (halaman belum tersedia)">Slowakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Spanyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Spanyol (halaman belum tersedia)">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Swedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Swedia (halaman belum tersedia)">Swedia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Swiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Swiss (halaman belum tersedia)">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Turki" title="Agama di Turki">Turki</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Ukraina" title="Agama di Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Vatikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Vatikan (halaman belum tersedia)">Vatikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Yunani" title="Agama di Yunani">Yunani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_dengan_pengakuan_terbatas" title="Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas">Negara dengan<br />pengakuan terbatas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Abkhazia (halaman belum tersedia)">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Kosovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Republik_Artsakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Republik Artsakh (halaman belum tersedia)">Republik Artsakh</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Ossetia_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Ossetia Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ossetia Selatan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Siprus_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Siprus Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Siprus Utara</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Transnistria (halaman belum tersedia)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_dependensi" title="Wilayah dependensi">Dependensi</a> dan<br />wilayah lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Åland (halaman belum tersedia)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Kepulauan_Faroe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Kepulauan Faroe (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepulauan Faroe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Gibraltar (halaman belum tersedia)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Guernsey (halaman belum tersedia)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Jersey (halaman belum tersedia)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Pulau_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Pulau Man (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulau Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Svalbard (halaman belum tersedia)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Terkadang dimasukkan ke <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, tergantung definisi perbatasan. <span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Negara_lintas_benua" title="Negara lintas benua">Negara lintas benua</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&oldid=25857817">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Jerman&oldid=25857817</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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