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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Student_at_the_Kunstakademie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_at_the_Kunstakademie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Student at the Kunstakademie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_at_the_Kunstakademie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_travels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_travels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Early travels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_travels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achenbach_in_cultural_life_in_Düsseldorf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achenbach_in_cultural_life_in_Düsseldorf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Achenbach in cultural life in Düsseldorf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achenbach_in_cultural_life_in_Düsseldorf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_major_Italian_trip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_major_Italian_trip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>First major Italian trip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_major_Italian_trip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_growing_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_growing_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Marriage and growing recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_growing_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professor_for_Landscape_Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professor_for_Landscape_Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Professor for Landscape Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professor_for_Landscape_Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Later works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil_studies_and_sketches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_studies_and_sketches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oil studies and sketches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil_studies_and_sketches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Influences</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influences subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schirmer_and_Andreas_Achenbach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schirmer_and_Andreas_Achenbach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Schirmer and Andreas Achenbach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schirmer_and_Andreas_Achenbach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turner_and_Courbet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turner_and_Courbet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Turner and Courbet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turner_and_Courbet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_of_Achenbach's_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_of_Achenbach's_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classification of Achenbach's work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_of_Achenbach's_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oswald Achenbach</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="أوزوالد آخينباخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوزوالد آخينباخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Освальд Ахенбах – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Освальд Ахенбах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Освалд Ахенбах – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Освалд Ахенбах" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="اسوالد آخنباخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسوالد آخنباخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D4%B1%D5%AD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AD" title="Օսվալդ Ախենբախ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսվալդ Ախենբախ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="اوزوالد آخينباخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوزوالد آخينباخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%92%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%8F" title="オスヴァルト・アッヒェンバッハ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスヴァルト・アッヒェンバッハ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Ахенбах, Освальд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ахенбах, Освальд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Освалд Ахенбах – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Освалд Ахенбах" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Осуалд Ахенбах – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Осуалд Ахенбах" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oswald Achenbach" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76415#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Oswald Achenbach</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach,_von_Ludwig_des_Coudres_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Oswald_Achenbach%2C_von_Ludwig_des_Coudres_001.jpg/220px-Oswald_Achenbach%2C_von_Ludwig_des_Coudres_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Oswald_Achenbach%2C_von_Ludwig_des_Coudres_001.jpg/330px-Oswald_Achenbach%2C_von_Ludwig_des_Coudres_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Oswald_Achenbach%2C_von_Ludwig_des_Coudres_001.jpg/440px-Oswald_Achenbach%2C_von_Ludwig_des_Coudres_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1722" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Portrait of Oswald Achenbach</i><br /> by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_des_Coudres" title="Ludwig des Coudres">Ludwig des Coudres</a>, 1847</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Oswald Achenbach</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1827-02-02</span>)</span>2 February 1827<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 February 1905<span style="display:none">(1905-02-01)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Düsseldorf, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf School">Düsseldorf School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Michael_(Bavaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Michael (Bavaria)">Order of St. Michael (Bavaria)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Guadalupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Guadalupe">Order of Guadalupe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oswald Achenbach</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɔsvalt<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʔaxn̩bax]</a></span>; 2 February 1827 – 1 February 1905) was a German painter associated with the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school of painting</a>. Though little known today, during his lifetime he was counted among the most important <a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">landscape painters</a> of Europe. Through his teaching activities, he influenced the <a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a>. His brother, <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Achenbach" title="Andreas Achenbach">Andreas Achenbach</a>, who was twelve years older, was also among the most important German landscape painters of the 19th century. The two brothers were humorously called "the A and O of Landscapes" (a reference to their initials matching a common German reference to the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_Omega" title="Alpha and Omega">Alpha and Omega</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_by_Overbeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Oswald_Achenbach_by_Overbeck.jpg/220px-Oswald_Achenbach_by_Overbeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Oswald_Achenbach_by_Overbeck.jpg/330px-Oswald_Achenbach_by_Overbeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Oswald_Achenbach_by_Overbeck.jpg/440px-Oswald_Achenbach_by_Overbeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Oswald Achenbach by G. & A. Overbeck (firm), c. 1868</figcaption></figure> <p>Oswald Achenbach was the fifth of ten children. His parents were Herman and Christine (née Zülch). There was little about the family to suggest that it would produce two of the century's most important painters. Hermann Achenbach was employed in a series of jobs, including beer and vinegar brewer, guesthouse owner, and bookkeeper. During Oswald's early childhood, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> where he attended primary school for at least a short period. Exactly when his family returned to Düsseldorf is not known. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Student_at_the_Kunstakademie">Student at the Kunstakademie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Student at the Kunstakademie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Achenbach_-_The_Academy_Courtyard_(The_Old_Academy_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Andreas_Achenbach_-_The_Academy_Courtyard_%28The_Old_Academy_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Andreas_Achenbach_-_The_Academy_Courtyard_%28The_Old_Academy_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Andreas_Achenbach_-_The_Academy_Courtyard_%28The_Old_Academy_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Andreas_Achenbach_-_The_Academy_Courtyard_%28The_Old_Academy_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Andreas_Achenbach_-_The_Academy_Courtyard_%28The_Old_Academy_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Andreas_Achenbach_-_The_Academy_Courtyard_%28The_Old_Academy_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3224" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Achenbach" title="Andreas Achenbach">Andreas Achenbach</a>. <i>The Academy Courtyard (The Old Academy in Düsseldorf)</i>, 1831, depicts the Academy shortly before Oswald began studying there. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Kunstpalast" title="Museum Kunstpalast">Museum Kunstpalast</a>, Düsseldorf.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1835, at the age of eight, Achenbach was enrolled in the elementary class of the <a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a> (Art Academy). This was technically in violation of the Academy's bylaws, which required a minimum age of twelve. He continued there until 1841. He was a student in the elementary class, where he was instructed in the basics of drawing, and then spent a year in the architecture class. This also did not correspond to the normal curriculum as described in the bylaws. The reasons for Achenbach's treatment are not fully known. Possibly, the bylaws were in practice mere guidelines and exceptions were made often, or perhaps only for highly gifted students like Achenbach. </p><p>It is also not clear why Achenbach left the Academy in 1841. From his sketchbooks, we know that during this period he had undertaken intensive nature studies in the area around Düsseldorf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_travels">Early travels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early travels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_-_Studie_aus_Oberitalien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Studie_aus_Oberitalien.jpg/220px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Studie_aus_Oberitalien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Studie_aus_Oberitalien.jpg/330px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Studie_aus_Oberitalien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Studie_aus_Oberitalien.jpg/440px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Studie_aus_Oberitalien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption><i>Study from Upper Italy</i>, 1845, oil on paper mounted on cardboard. This study was made during Achenbach's 1845 trip to Northern Italy.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1843, the sixteen-year-old Achenbach began a journey of several months through <a href="/wiki/Upper_Bavaria" title="Upper Bavaria">Upper Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Tyrol" title="North Tyrol">North Tyrol</a> during which he continued his nature studies. His earliest known works in <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil</a> also come from this period. In 1845. Achenbach undertook a journey with his friend and later student <a href="/wiki/Albert_Flamm" title="Albert Flamm">Albert Flamm</a> to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a>. The paintings that Achenbach completed from this period predominantly consist of Italian landscape motifs. </p><p>Few of Achenbach's paintings from before 1850 survive today. However, those that do indicate that his early choices of subject matter and technique were heavily influenced by the ideas being taught at the art academies of the time. The influence of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Rottman" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Rottman">Carl Rottman</a> can be seen in these paintings. In the oil studies that Achenbach completed during these trips, he adhered very closely to the landscape and concerned himself with the details of the typical Italian vegetation. Architectural motifs and figures play a much smaller role than they would in his more mature work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Achenbach_in_cultural_life_in_Düsseldorf"><span id="Achenbach_in_cultural_life_in_D.C3.BCsseldorf"></span>Achenbach in cultural life in Düsseldorf</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Achenbach in cultural life in Düsseldorf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until well into the 19th century, artistic education in Germany and much of Europe was strongly influenced by the "Kunstakademien", or art academies. However, particularly in the 19th century, these academies had become extremely formal and rigid and were not very responsive to new artistic directions. The academies also organized the big art exhibitions, through which artists primarily sold their work. Artists whose styles were opposed to the ideas of the academies were not exhibited and therefore generally had very few opportunities to sell their work. At the beginning of the 19th century, individual artists and representatives of entire artistic movements began to stand in opposition to the culture and concepts of the Academies. </p><p>Achenbach was one of the artists who opposed the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf and became an early member of two Düsseldorf associations, which many like-minded artists had joined. The first was the "Association of Düsseldorf Artists for Mutual Support and Help" and the association "<a href="/wiki/Malkasten" title="Malkasten">Malkasten</a>" ("Paintbox") which was founded on 11 August 1848 with Achenbach as one of the original signatories of the founding document. These Associations jointly staged plays, organized music evenings and put on exhibitions. At many events, Achenbach took an active part, directing, playing or staging plays. Achenbach was particularly attached to "Malkasten" and remained connected with it until the end of his life. </p><p>In 1850, his paintings were displayed in the exhibitions of the newly founded Düsseldorf gallery of <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Schulte" title="Eduard Schulte">Eduard Schulte</a>. Schulte's gallery showed the works of artists who were independent of the Academy and played an important role in Achenbach's early economic success. It developed into one of the leading German galleries and later established branches in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_major_Italian_trip">First major Italian trip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First major Italian trip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_-_Morgen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Morgen.jpg/220px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Morgen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Morgen.jpg/330px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Morgen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Morgen.jpg/440px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Morgen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption><i>Morning</i>, 1854. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the summer of 1850, Achenbach undertook a trip to Italy, including Nizza, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Together with Albert Flamm, he traveled from Rome into the surrounding countryside and visited the areas where earlier landscape painters had been inspired. On the trip he got to know a number of other painters better, including <a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin" title="Arnold Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Thiersch" title="Ludwig Thiersch">Ludwig Thiersch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Dreber" title="Heinrich Dreber">Heinrich Dreber</a> with whom he spent a long time in <a href="/wiki/Olevano_Romano" title="Olevano Romano">Olevano</a>. Thiersch once commented how differently the artists processed their impressions of the landscapes: Dreber drew elaborate pencil sketches, Böcklin simply let himself experience the environment and recorded relatively little in his sketchbook, while Achenbach and Flamm both painted oil studies outdoors. Achenbach's surviving studies show that he was not overly interested in details but concentrated on the characteristic colors and forms and the distribution of light and shadow. He focused on his color impressions, setting layers of paint in different thicknesses over one another to find the desired tone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_growing_recognition">Marriage and growing recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Marriage and growing recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Oswald_Achenbach_002.jpg/220px-Oswald_Achenbach_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Oswald_Achenbach_002.jpg/330px-Oswald_Achenbach_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Oswald_Achenbach_002.jpg/440px-Oswald_Achenbach_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><i>Klostergarten</i> (Garden in a Monastery) 1857, <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 3 May 1851, Achenbach married Julie Arnz, to whom he had been engaged since 1848. She was the daughter of a Düsseldorf publisher, who published, among other periodicals, the <i>Düsseldorf Monathefte</i> and the <i>Düsseldorf Monatsalbum.</i> Achenbach contributed to both of these with lithographs of his paintings, sketches, and other works. At the same time he began to take his first students. Between 1852 and 1857 the couple had four daughters, followed by a son in 1861. Achenbach's son, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benno_von_Achenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benno von Achenbach (page does not exist)">Benno von Achenbach</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benno_von_Achenbach" class="extiw" title="de:Benno von Achenbach">de</a>]</span>, would be an important innovator in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Achenbach_driving_method&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achenbach driving method (page does not exist)">Achenbach driving method</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achenbach-Fahrsystem" class="extiw" title="de:Achenbach-Fahrsystem">de</a>]</span>, a method of holding and operating reins while <a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">driving horses</a>, and was ennobled for his contributions thereto by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm II</a>. </p><p>By this time, Achenbach's painting was already well-known internationally. In 1852, at 25, the Art Academy in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> had admitted him as a member. Several of his works were displayed the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1855)" title="Exposition Universelle (1855)">Exposition Universelle of 1855</a> and were very well received. In 1859, he was honored with a gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">Salon</a> Exhibition in Paris. In 1861 he was granted an honorary membership to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Academy_of_Arts" title="Imperial Academy of Arts">St Petersburg Academy</a> and in 1862 from the Art Academy of <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professor_for_Landscape_Painting">Professor for Landscape Painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Professor for Landscape Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After 1860, his technique underwent a change into what is considered his mature style. The paintings were more tactile, the paint was applied with more texture and the brushstrokes were less dependent on the subject matter represented. In parts of some paintings, Achenbach increasingly dispensed with detailed figures. This change in technique may have to do with the influence of <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>. His favorite subjects continued to be Italian landscapes and peasant scenes, which he enhanced and idealized with his lighting. </p><p>In March 1863, Achenbach became the Professor for Landscape Painting at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. Accepting this represented a social elevation and also financial security. It also appears to be in contradiction to his earlier opposition. However, since <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schadow" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow">Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow</a> had left the office of Director in 1859, the conflicts both within the Academy and also between the Academy and the independent artists had diminished. The appointment of Achenbach to a position was a conscious political decision reflecting the new direction of the Düsseldorf Academy, to bring about a conciliation with the independent artists. </p><p>In the same year, Achenbach was named a Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a> by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> and from 1863 to 1868 his painters were shown at the Salon in Paris. Alongside the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Imperial_Orders#Order_of_Guadelupe" title="Mexican Imperial Orders">Order of Guadelupe</a> from Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I of Mexico</a> i 1866 and the Knights Cross, First Class from the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Michael_(Bavaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Michael (Bavaria)">Order of St. Michael</a> from the jury for the International Art Exhibition in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> in 1869, this was among the greatest honors hof his career. Such recognition for artists during this period was not uncommon, but they contributed significantly to Achenbach's fame, confirmed his recognition as an artist and were important for his commercial success. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bochmann_B0230_-_Flottmachen_eines_Fischerbootes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bochmann_B0230_-_Flottmachen_eines_Fischerbootes.jpg/220px-Bochmann_B0230_-_Flottmachen_eines_Fischerbootes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bochmann_B0230_-_Flottmachen_eines_Fischerbootes.jpg/330px-Bochmann_B0230_-_Flottmachen_eines_Fischerbootes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bochmann_B0230_-_Flottmachen_eines_Fischerbootes.jpg/440px-Bochmann_B0230_-_Flottmachen_eines_Fischerbootes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1885" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption>Gregor von Bochmann, <i>The Launching of a Fishing Boat in Holland</i>, 1888</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Themistokles_Eckenbrecher_Laerdal_Soeren_Fjord_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Themistokles_Eckenbrecher_Laerdal_Soeren_Fjord_1908.jpg/220px-Themistokles_Eckenbrecher_Laerdal_Soeren_Fjord_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Themistokles_Eckenbrecher_Laerdal_Soeren_Fjord_1908.jpg/330px-Themistokles_Eckenbrecher_Laerdal_Soeren_Fjord_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Themistokles_Eckenbrecher_Laerdal_Soeren_Fjord_1908.jpg/440px-Themistokles_Eckenbrecher_Laerdal_Soeren_Fjord_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Themistokles von Eckenbrecher. <i>Lerdal Soeren Fjord, Norway</i>, 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>Achenbach followed <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Hans Gude</a> as Professor of Landscape Painting at the Academy. After 1866 he taught one of the highly regarded "Master Classes." Among his best-known students are <a href="/wiki/Gregor_von_Bochmann" title="Gregor von Bochmann">Gregor von Bochmann</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Calame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Calame (page does not exist)">Arthur Calame</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Calame" class="extiw" title="de:Arthur Calame">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Themistokles_von_Eckenbrecher" title="Themistokles von Eckenbrecher">Themistokles von Eckenbrecher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Forstmann" title="Arnold Forstmann">Arnold Forstmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Hagen_(artist)" title="Theodor Hagen (artist)">Theodor Hagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kolitz" title="Louis Kolitz">Louis Kolitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ascan_Lutteroth" title="Ascan Lutteroth">Ascan Lutteroth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Seibels" title="Carl Seibels">Carl Seibels</a>. To his students, he emphasized above all the decisive role of light and dark for the composition of paintings. For him it was more important than the choice of subject. Consequently, he advised his students to familiarize themselves with the paintings of <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a>. He also recommended the works of his brother Andreas. </p><p>During his professorship, Achenbach continued to undertake many trips. These included long stays in the <a href="/wiki/Teutoburg_Forest" title="Teutoburg Forest">Teutoburg Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. In 1871 he and his family spent almost nine months in Italy, including <a href="/wiki/Castellammare_di_Stabia" title="Castellammare di Stabia">Castellammare di Stabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amalfi" title="Amalfi">Amalfi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ischia" title="Ischia">Ischia</a>, and several weeks in <a href="/wiki/Sorrento" title="Sorrento">Sorrento</a>. During this time Theodor Hagen and Albert Flamm took his place at the Academy. </p><p>After 1860, his technique underwent a change. The paintings were more tactile, the paint was applied with more texture and the brushstrokes were less dependent on the subject matter represented. In parts of some paintings, Achenbach increasingly dispensed with detailed figures. This change in technique may have to do with the influence of <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>. His favorite subjects continued to be Italian landscapes and peasant scenes, which he enhanced and idealized with his lighting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oswald_Achenbach_001.jpg/220px-Oswald_Achenbach_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oswald_Achenbach_001.jpg/330px-Oswald_Achenbach_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oswald_Achenbach_001.jpg/440px-Oswald_Achenbach_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1230" /></a><figcaption><i>Fireworks in Naples</i>, 1875, <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_Triumphal_Arch_in_Rome.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Oswald_Achenbach_Triumphal_Arch_in_Rome.JPG/220px-Oswald_Achenbach_Triumphal_Arch_in_Rome.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Oswald_Achenbach_Triumphal_Arch_in_Rome.JPG/330px-Oswald_Achenbach_Triumphal_Arch_in_Rome.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Oswald_Achenbach_Triumphal_Arch_in_Rome.JPG/440px-Oswald_Achenbach_Triumphal_Arch_in_Rome.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2787" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption><i>Constantine's Triumphal Arch in Rome</i>, 1886, <a href="/wiki/Alte_Nationalgalerie" title="Alte Nationalgalerie">Alte Nationalgalerie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Achenbach gave up his professorship at the Institute in 1872. He had submitted his resignation once before, in 1869 but withdrew it. He had felt that his teaching constrained his own artistic work. </p><p>In the following years, Achenbach made numerous trips. The last big trip to Italy began in early summer 1882 and he visited Florence, Rome, Naples, and Sorrento. In 1884 and 1895 he took trips to Northern Italy. He had planned a trip in 1897 to Florence, but canceled it due to illness. </p><p>In 1897 Achenbach was made an honorary citizen of Düsseldorf in recognition of his over 50 years of engagement in various Düsseldorf institutions and associations. For many years he had been one of the leading personalities in the city. This high social position had also involved a very large and ostentatious house where he hosted artists, writers, scholars, military officers and members of the nobility. Among his most prominent guests and patrons was <a href="/wiki/Karl_Anton,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern_(died_1885)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern (died 1885)">Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern</a>. Running such a household was expensive and necessitated Achenbach to produce many paintings. As a well-recognized artist, it was easy for him to find buyers. The larger number of his paintings, led to repetitions in the subject matter and motifs. As early as the 1860s reviewers accused him of "painting to death" certain subjects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_works">Later works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Later works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As in his oil studies in the 1850s, in his later works Achenbach built colors up additively, using the brush, <a href="/wiki/Palette_knife" title="Palette knife">palette knife</a>, and his fingers. He also used the texture of the canvas as a design element. In some works, surfaces that are uniformly and carefully painted with a fine brush stand next to places where the painting surface shows through or the paint is piled high, giving some works a distinctly noticeable texture. </p><p>Another feature of Achenbach's late work is that the level of detail does not decrease continuously with the perspective, but rather reflects his aims for the overall effect of the painting. Furthermore, while in his earlier paintings, the colors were subdued and dominated by the overall tone, in later works, accentuated contrasts play an important role. Finally, pastel colors became more common in his paintings from the mid 1880s, while in his early works, browner tones dominated. </p><p>Achenbach died in Düsseldorf on 1 February 1905, one day before his 78th birthday. He was buried in the North Cemetery in Düsseldorf.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oil_studies_and_sketches">Oil studies and sketches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Oil studies and sketches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oswald_Achenbach_003.jpg/220px-Oswald_Achenbach_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oswald_Achenbach_003.jpg/330px-Oswald_Achenbach_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oswald_Achenbach_003.jpg/440px-Oswald_Achenbach_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption><i>View of Florence</i>, 1898, oil on wood. Achenbach's laterworks often display a less formal, sketchier quality. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Kunstpalast" title="Museum Kunstpalast">Museum Kunstpalast</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During Achenbach's lifetime, his paintings were mainly given public viewings and he was therefore viewed as a painter of "salon paintings" or "gallery ready" paintings in whose work the newer artistic movements were not reflected. However, as early as 1876, at the annual exhibition in the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_K%C3%BCnstlerhaus" title="Vienna Künstlerhaus">Vienna Künstlerhaus</a> Achenbach showed an oil study and also showed his works at the "Sketches and Studies Exhibition" at the Kunsthalle Düsseldorf Exponate in 1889. The reactions to these studies were different. In Vienna they were seen as evidence that Achenbach could match his younger colleagues. In Düsseldorf, a critic wondered how "wonderful paintings" could develop out of such incomplete or imperfect sketches. </p><p>Sketches, drawings, and oil studies were for Achenbach, as with other painters, primarily as memory aids for later work in the studio. In the course of his development, however, the characteristic style of the sketch increasingly found a place in his paintings. Letters to his gallery contain complaints that he had to paint "finished" works for exhibitions. He preferred to work on the <a href="/wiki/Underpainting" title="Underpainting">underpainting</a>, which developed the framework of the later painting, rather than on the detailed forms. However, the tastes of the market and the purchase decisions of influential critics still demanded the "perfected" or "completed" paintings, and thus so did the Galleries. At the time, the paintings of <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Daubigny" title="Charles-François Daubigny">Charles-François Daubigny</a>, now highly regarded, were criticized on account of their sketchiness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schirmer_and_Andreas_Achenbach">Schirmer and Andreas Achenbach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Schirmer and Andreas Achenbach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer_Alpenlandschaft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer_Alpenlandschaft.jpg/220px-Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer_Alpenlandschaft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer_Alpenlandschaft.jpg/330px-Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer_Alpenlandschaft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer_Alpenlandschaft.jpg/440px-Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer_Alpenlandschaft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Johann Wilhelm Schirmer. <i>Alpine Landscape</i>, 1837. This painting is illustrative of Schirmer's style.</figcaption></figure> <p>During his education, Achenbach was never actually a student of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a>. However, as an artist who spent the greater part of his life in Düsseldorf, he nevertheless had many opportunities to study his paintings. In Achenbach's paintings from the 1840s and early 1850s, Achenbach's paintings contain many of Schirmer's principles of composition. In his later paintings, this influence is no longer identifiable. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Achenbach_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Andreas_Achenbach_003.jpg/250px-Andreas_Achenbach_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Andreas_Achenbach_003.jpg/375px-Andreas_Achenbach_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Andreas_Achenbach_003.jpg/500px-Andreas_Achenbach_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1573" /></a><figcaption><i>Shore of the Frozen Ocean (Winter Landscape)</i>. 1839, Oswald's brother, Andreas, specialized more in marine landscapes.</figcaption></figure> <p>The influence of Schirmer on his early works is likely due to his brother, twelve years older, Andreas Achenbach, who likewise studied at the Düsseldorf Academy. Andreas was a student of Schirmer's and from certain letters it can be concluded that from at least the 1840s Oswald was receiving advice from Andreas about technique and was therefore indirectly influenced by Schirmer's views on painting. At the heights of their careers, Oswald concentrated on depictions of Italian landscapes while Andreas looked to marine scenes. In their treatment of light and <a href="/wiki/Staffage" title="Staffage">staffage</a> the works of the two brothers resemble each other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turner_and_Courbet">Turner and Courbet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Turner and Courbet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turner,_J._M._W._-_The_Grand_Canal_-_Scene_-_A_Street_In_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Turner%2C_J._M._W._-_The_Grand_Canal_-_Scene_-_A_Street_In_Venice.jpg/220px-Turner%2C_J._M._W._-_The_Grand_Canal_-_Scene_-_A_Street_In_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Turner%2C_J._M._W._-_The_Grand_Canal_-_Scene_-_A_Street_In_Venice.jpg/330px-Turner%2C_J._M._W._-_The_Grand_Canal_-_Scene_-_A_Street_In_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Turner%2C_J._M._W._-_The_Grand_Canal_-_Scene_-_A_Street_In_Venice.jpg/440px-Turner%2C_J._M._W._-_The_Grand_Canal_-_Scene_-_A_Street_In_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>J. M. W. Turner. <i>The Grand Canal - Scene - A Street in Venice</i>. 1837. Achenbach often recommended the study of Turner's paintings to his students. <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On many occasions, Achenbach recommended English painter <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a> as a model. It is possible that he had never seen originals of Turner's work since he never took a trip to England. He probably knew Turner's paintings primarily from the <a href="/wiki/Steel_engraving" title="Steel engraving">steel engraving</a> prints published in the art books of the time. For Turner, as with Achenbach, light played an important role. Two paintings by Turner, <i>Mercury and Argus</i> and <i>Dogana, and Madonna della Salute, Venice</i> were already reproduced in prints by 1843. They present landscapes in which individual forms and objects are only loosely depicted. Achenbach was never as radical as Turner but especially in his paintings after 1860 uses a similar painterly style in the depiction of objects. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Courbet_-_Stream_in_the_Jura_Mountains_(The_Torrent),_oil_on_canves,_1872-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Courbet_-_Stream_in_the_Jura_Mountains_%28The_Torrent%29%2C_oil_on_canves%2C_1872-3.jpg/220px-Courbet_-_Stream_in_the_Jura_Mountains_%28The_Torrent%29%2C_oil_on_canves%2C_1872-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Courbet_-_Stream_in_the_Jura_Mountains_%28The_Torrent%29%2C_oil_on_canves%2C_1872-3.jpg/330px-Courbet_-_Stream_in_the_Jura_Mountains_%28The_Torrent%29%2C_oil_on_canves%2C_1872-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Courbet_-_Stream_in_the_Jura_Mountains_%28The_Torrent%29%2C_oil_on_canves%2C_1872-3.jpg/440px-Courbet_-_Stream_in_the_Jura_Mountains_%28The_Torrent%29%2C_oil_on_canves%2C_1872-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="1779" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>. <i>Stream in the Jura Mountains (The Torrent)</i>. 1872. <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Museum_of_Art" title="Honolulu Museum of Art">Honolulu Museum of Art</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>By contrast, Achenbach likely had many opportunities to study the originals of <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>'s works. Until the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> from 1870 to 1871, Achenbach was in close contact with the Paris art scene. At the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1855)" title="Exposition Universelle (1855)">Exposition Universelle</a> in Paris in 1855 when Achenbach's paintings were shown, there were also eleven paintings by Courbet on display. Courbet also had forty paintings in the "Pavilion of Realism" at the same time. Courbet's radical <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a> gained a lot of attention and it is very likely that Achenbach also saw the exhibition of the Frankfurt Art Association from spring 1858 to February 1859 that showed works by Courbet and also the first big Courbet retrospective that ran parallel to the <a href="/wiki/International_Exposition_(1867)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Exposition (1867)">International Exposition of 1867</a>. Similar to Courbet, one finds in Achenbach's works often bring together lone elements that differ significantly in distance from the perspective of the painter. However, while Courbet used a more even surface, Achenbach's painting was more relief-like. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_of_Achenbach's_work"><span id="Classification_of_Achenbach.27s_work"></span>Classification of Achenbach's work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Classification of Achenbach's work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Courbet's radical Realism inspired Achenbach and a number of other German painters. The so-called "Leibl-Circle" (after painter <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Leibl" title="Wilhelm Leibl">Wilhelm Leibl</a>), including <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Tr%C3%BCbner" title="Wilhelm Trübner">Wilhelm Trübner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuch" title="Carl Schuch">Carl Schuch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sperl" title="Johann Sperl">Johann Sperl</a> and for a while also <a href="/wiki/Hans_Thoma" title="Hans Thoma">Hans Thoma</a> had intensely debated Courbet's works among themselves and were inspired to adopt a "pure painting" technique. In particular Leibl developed a brushwork technique by which the particular material of the object represented was ignored, thereby already pointing in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstraction</a>. </p><p>By contrast, Achenbach was radical in his brushwork and application of paint but maintained the formal criteria of traditional composition. This leads to a very different art historical classification of Achenbach. Some see him as an artist who persisted in a fully developed style and for that reason stagnated. Other art historians cast Achenbach in a mediating role because he presented traditional values in his own style and moved in the direction of modernity. It is undisputed that his early landscapes were pioneering. However, as early as the start of the 20th century, he was seen as a painter who in his later works catered to public tastes and turned into a typical representative of the <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a> period. </p><p>Achenbach's work consists of around 2,000 paintings. Approximately two-thirds are privately owned. His works are in the collections of many museums, mainly in Germany but also across Europe and America including the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage</a> in Saint Petersburg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1132px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Oswald Achenbach paintings</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Oswald_Gustav_Achenbach,_Abendstimmung_in_der_Campagna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Evening Mood in Campagna 1850. Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany."><img alt="The Evening Mood in Campagna 1850. Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Wilhelm_Oswald_Gustav_Achenbach%2C_Abendstimmung_in_der_Campagna.jpg/240px-Wilhelm_Oswald_Gustav_Achenbach%2C_Abendstimmung_in_der_Campagna.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Wilhelm_Oswald_Gustav_Achenbach%2C_Abendstimmung_in_der_Campagna.jpg/360px-Wilhelm_Oswald_Gustav_Achenbach%2C_Abendstimmung_in_der_Campagna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Wilhelm_Oswald_Gustav_Achenbach%2C_Abendstimmung_in_der_Campagna.jpg/480px-Wilhelm_Oswald_Gustav_Achenbach%2C_Abendstimmung_in_der_Campagna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Evening Mood in Campagna</i> 1850. <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt" title="Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt">Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt</a>, Darmstadt, Germany.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abend.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evening, 1854. Royal Collection, Windsor Palace."><img alt="Evening, 1854. Royal Collection, Windsor Palace." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abend.jpg/240px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abend.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abend.jpg/360px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abend.jpg/480px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="1308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Evening</i>, 1854. Royal Collection, Windsor Palace.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_-_Saltarellotanz_mit_Blick_auf_Castel_Gandolfo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saltarello Dance with a view of Castel Gandolfo, 1865. Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne, Germany."><img alt="Saltarello Dance with a view of Castel Gandolfo, 1865. Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne, Germany." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Saltarellotanz_mit_Blick_auf_Castel_Gandolfo.jpg/240px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Saltarellotanz_mit_Blick_auf_Castel_Gandolfo.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Saltarellotanz_mit_Blick_auf_Castel_Gandolfo.jpg/360px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Saltarellotanz_mit_Blick_auf_Castel_Gandolfo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Saltarellotanz_mit_Blick_auf_Castel_Gandolfo.jpg/480px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Saltarellotanz_mit_Blick_auf_Castel_Gandolfo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1761" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Saltarello Dance with a view of Castel Gandolfo</i>, 1865. <a href="/wiki/Wallraf-Richartz_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallraf-Richartz Museum">Wallraf-Richartz Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abziehender_Sturm_an_der_italienischen_K%C3%BCste.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Retreating Storm on the Italian Coast. Private collection."><img alt="Retreating Storm on the Italian Coast. Private collection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abziehender_Sturm_an_der_italienischen_K%C3%BCste.jpg/240px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abziehender_Sturm_an_der_italienischen_K%C3%BCste.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abziehender_Sturm_an_der_italienischen_K%C3%BCste.jpg/360px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abziehender_Sturm_an_der_italienischen_K%C3%BCste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abziehender_Sturm_an_der_italienischen_K%C3%BCste.jpg/480px-Oswald_Achenbach_-_Abziehender_Sturm_an_der_italienischen_K%C3%BCste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6572" data-file-height="4570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Retreating Storm on the Italian Coast</i>. Private collection.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_Marktplatz_Amalfi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market Square in Amalfi, 1876. Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin."><img alt="Market Square in Amalfi, 1876. Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Oswald_Achenbach_Marktplatz_Amalfi.jpg/171px-Oswald_Achenbach_Marktplatz_Amalfi.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Oswald_Achenbach_Marktplatz_Amalfi.jpg/257px-Oswald_Achenbach_Marktplatz_Amalfi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Oswald_Achenbach_Marktplatz_Amalfi.jpg/343px-Oswald_Achenbach_Marktplatz_Amalfi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2259" data-file-height="2635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Market Square in Amalfi</i>, 1876. <a href="/wiki/Alte_Nationalgalerie" title="Alte Nationalgalerie">Alte Nationalgalerie</a>, Berlin.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach,_Blick_auf_Capri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Capri, 1884. Von der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal, Germany."><img alt="View of Capri, 1884. Von der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal, Germany." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Oswald_Achenbach%2C_Blick_auf_Capri.jpg/240px-Oswald_Achenbach%2C_Blick_auf_Capri.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Oswald_Achenbach%2C_Blick_auf_Capri.jpg/360px-Oswald_Achenbach%2C_Blick_auf_Capri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Oswald_Achenbach%2C_Blick_auf_Capri.jpg/480px-Oswald_Achenbach%2C_Blick_auf_Capri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>View of Capri</i>, 1884. <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Heydt_Museum" title="Von der Heydt Museum">Von der Heydt Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuppertal, Germany">Wuppertal, Germany</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_Via_Appia_mit_dem_Grabmal_der_Caecilia_Metella.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Via Appia with the Tomb of Caecilia Metella, 1886. Private collection."><img alt="Via Appia with the Tomb of Caecilia Metella, 1886. Private collection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Oswald_Achenbach_Via_Appia_mit_dem_Grabmal_der_Caecilia_Metella.jpg/240px-Oswald_Achenbach_Via_Appia_mit_dem_Grabmal_der_Caecilia_Metella.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Oswald_Achenbach_Via_Appia_mit_dem_Grabmal_der_Caecilia_Metella.jpg/360px-Oswald_Achenbach_Via_Appia_mit_dem_Grabmal_der_Caecilia_Metella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Oswald_Achenbach_Via_Appia_mit_dem_Grabmal_der_Caecilia_Metella.jpg/480px-Oswald_Achenbach_Via_Appia_mit_dem_Grabmal_der_Caecilia_Metella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Via Appia with the Tomb of Caecilia Metella</i>, 1886. Private collection.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Achenbach_Italian_landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italian Landscape, 1894. Muzeum Sztuki w Łodzi (Art Museum Łódź)."><img alt="Italian Landscape, 1894. Muzeum Sztuki w Łodzi (Art Museum Łódź)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Achenbach_Italian_landscape.jpg/240px-Achenbach_Italian_landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Achenbach_Italian_landscape.jpg/360px-Achenbach_Italian_landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Achenbach_Italian_landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Italian Landscape</i>, 1894. <a href="/wiki/Muzeum_Sztuki_w_%C5%81odzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzeum Sztuki w Łodzi">Muzeum Sztuki w Łodzi</a> (Art Museum Łódź).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oswald_Achenbach_Font%C3%A4ne_in_Frascati.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fountain in Frascati, 1905. Oil on cardboard."><img alt="Fountain in Frascati, 1905. Oil on cardboard." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oswald_Achenbach_Font%C3%A4ne_in_Frascati.jpg/143px-Oswald_Achenbach_Font%C3%A4ne_in_Frascati.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oswald_Achenbach_Font%C3%A4ne_in_Frascati.jpg/215px-Oswald_Achenbach_Font%C3%A4ne_in_Frascati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oswald_Achenbach_Font%C3%A4ne_in_Frascati.jpg/287px-Oswald_Achenbach_Font%C3%A4ne_in_Frascati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Fountain in Frascati</i>, 1905. Oil on cardboard.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSérullaz1978" class="citation book cs1">Sérullaz, Maurice (1978). <i>Phaidon encyclopedia of impressionism</i>. Oxford: Phaidon. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780714818979" title="Special:BookSources/9780714818979"><bdi>9780714818979</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phaidon+encyclopedia+of+impressionism&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Phaidon&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780714818979&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9rullaz&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswald+Achenbach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/02/02/120291365.pdf"><i>New York Times</i> obituary</a>. 2 February 1905.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Achenbach, Oswald"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Achenbach,_Oswald">"Achenbach, Oswald" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Achenbach%2C+Oswald&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswald+Achenbach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ralf Kern: <i>Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien</i>. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-10081-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-10081-8">978-3-643-10081-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Achenbach&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oswald_Achenbach" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Oswald Achenbach">Oswald Achenbach</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029150224/http://www.artrenewal.org/images/artists/A/Achenbach_Oswald/large/Achenbach_Oswald_The_Bay_Of_Naples.jpg">The Bay of Naples</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607122723/http://malarstwo.awardspace.info/malarzed21a.html">Art Gallery - Achenbach Oswald</a></i> (Polish site)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arthermitage.org/Achenbach-Oswald/index.html">Oswald Achenbach - Paintings from Hermitage Museum</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.onilm.com/index.php?/category/2">Oswald Achenbach Paintings Gallery</a> (Public Domain Paintings - www.art.onilm.com)</li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Düsseldorf_School_of_painting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" title="Template:Düsseldorf school of painting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" title="Template talk:Düsseldorf school of painting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Düsseldorf school of painting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Düsseldorf_School_of_painting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting" title="Düsseldorf School of painting">Düsseldorf School of painting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Associated<br />painters</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_%C3%85berg" title="Victoria Åberg">Victoria Åberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Achenbach" title="Andreas Achenbach">Andreas Achenbach</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oswald Achenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ansch%C3%BCtz" title="Hermann Anschütz">Hermann Anschütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicolai_Arbo" title="Peter Nicolai Arbo">Peter Nicolai Arbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Asher" title="Louis Asher">Louis Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Askevold" title="Anders Askevold">Anders Askevold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Bartels" title="Hans von Bartels">Hans von Bartels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holbrook_Beard" title="William Holbrook Beard">William Holbrook Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Becker_(painter)" title="August Becker (painter)">August Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Becker" title="Jakob Becker">Jakob Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Berg_(painter)" title="Gunnar Berg (painter)">Gunnar Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bergh" title="Edward Bergh">Edward Bergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludolph_Berkemeier" title="Ludolph Berkemeier">Ludolph Berkemeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Beyer" title="Edward Beyer">Edward Beyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Bleibtreu" title="Georg Bleibtreu">Georg Bleibtreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin" title="Arnold Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Boser" title="Friedrich Boser">Friedrich Boser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_B%C3%BCtler" title="Anton Bütler">Anton Bütler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Niklaus_B%C3%BCtler" title="Joseph Niklaus Bütler">Joseph Niklaus Bütler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Calame" title="Alexandre Calame">Alexandre Calame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Camphausen" title="Wilhelm Camphausen">Wilhelm Camphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Cappelen" title="August Cappelen">August Cappelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Cederstr%C3%B6m" title="Gustaf Cederström">Gustaf Cederström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Churberg" title="Fanny Churberg">Fanny Churberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Cordes" title="Johann Wilhelm Cordes">Johann Wilhelm Cordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_des_Coudres" title="Ludwig des Coudres">Ludwig des Coudres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Crofts" title="Ernest Crofts">Ernest Crofts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Cronin" title="David Edward Cronin">David Edward Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dahl" title="Hans Dahl">Hans Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Deger" title="Ernst Deger">Ernst Deger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_D%C3%BCcker" title="Eugen Dücker">Eugen Dücker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fagerlin" title="Ferdinand Fagerlin">Ferdinand Fagerlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Geertz" title="Julius Geertz">Julius Geertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Hans Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Hertervig" title="Lars Hertervig">Lars Hertervig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Larson" title="Marcus Larson">Marcus Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Lessing" title="Karl Friedrich Lessing">Karl Friedrich Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascan_Lutteroth" title="Ascan Lutteroth">Ascan Lutteroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Meuron" title="Albert de Meuron">Albert de Meuron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCcke" title="Heinrich Mücke">Heinrich Mücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Nordenberg" title="Bengt Nordenberg">Bengt Nordenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorine_Nordenswan" title="Victorine Nordenswan">Victorine Nordenswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Nordgren" title="Axel Nordgren">Axel Nordgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofie_Ribbing" title="Sofie Ribbing">Sofie Ribbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Ritz" title="Raphael Ritz">Raphael Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schadow" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow">Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Scheuren" title="Caspar Scheuren">Caspar Scheuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schr%C3%B6dter" title="Adolf Schrödter">Adolf Schrödter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Sch%C3%BCz" title="Theodor Schüz">Theodor Schüz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn" title="Karl Ferdinand Sohn">Karl Ferdinand Sohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Steinbr%C3%BCck" title="Eduard Steinbrück">Eduard Steinbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermine_Stilke" title="Hermine Stilke">Hermine Stilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Studer_(painter)" title="Bernhard Studer (painter)">Bernhard Studer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdzis%C5%82aw_Suchodolski" title="Zdzisław Suchodolski">Zdzisław Suchodolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Adolph Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_d%27Unker" title="Carl d'Unker">Carl d'Unker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_von_Wille" title="Clara von Wille">Clara von Wille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_von_Wille" title="Fritz von Wille">Fritz von Wille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilian_Zoll" title="Kilian Zoll">Kilian Zoll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76415#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76415#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76415#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066759424">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/25414912">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/260587/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgX88QVYtxfrkP8jM4Qbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119540363">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr89015636">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p183472063">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810669343905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/122379">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007509851705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500000023">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/274">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/2fefc376-9931-44cb-8a5d-b9ee3575cd75">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/62">Musée d'Orsay</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/?we_objectID=53821">ADK</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119540363.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119540363">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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