Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility by Paula Gerber

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <script language="JavaScript"> var beforeload = (new Date()).getTime(); var totalTime = 0; var clientTime = 0; var serverTime = 0; var XmlHttpObj1; function Sign(X) { return X>0 ? "+" : X<0 ? "-" : " " } function CreateXmlHttpObj1() { try {XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");} catch(e) {try{XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");} catch(oc) {XmlHttpObj1 = null;}} if(!XmlHttpObj1 && typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") {XmlHttpObj1 = new XMLHttpRequest();}} function loadingTime() { //calculate the current time in afterload var afterload = (new Date()).getTime(); //calculate the seconds clientTime = (afterload-beforeload)/1000; serverTime = parseFloat(document.getElementById("serverTime").innerHTML); totalTime = (clientTime + serverTime).toFixed(3); document.getElementById("loadingtime").innerHTML = "and delivered in " + totalTime + " seconds"; } function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function() { if (oldonload) { oldonload(); } func(); } } } </script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="7e4c2285-a47e-4087-b7e9-f4f1c24b74e3" ></script> </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> window.OptanonWrapper = function() { var eOT = new Event('OneTrustGroupsUpdated'); document.dispatchEvent(eOT); }  </script> <title>Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility by Paula Gerber :: SSRN</title> <meta name="description" content="Difficulties experienced by Indigenous people in proving their identity or obtaining a birth certificate may in part be remedied through using the Victorian Ch"> <meta name="keywords" content=" SSRN, Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility, Paula Gerber"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Gerber, Paula"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2010/10/06"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2009/10/06"> <meta name="citation_doi" content=""> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1672979"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Aboriginal Rights, Birth Registration, Indigenous Peoples, Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic), Human Rights, Victoria, Victorian Human Rights, Charter"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1672979"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property=og:image content="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/11589acb53bc518aa22929bf19add113.svg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property=og:title content="Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1672979" /> <meta name='free_download_available' content='true'><meta name='free_download_available' content='true'><script async src="//assets.adobedtm.com/launch-ENa9ad0bcbf32647c3a04e26991e589550.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">var pageData = {"visitor":{"userId":"","loginStatus":"anonymous","accessType":"ss:guest"},"page":{"language":"en","environment":"prod","loadTime":"47","name":"paper:abstract-page","type":"RP-AB","businessUnit":"els:rp:ssrn","noTracking":"","loadTimestamp":"1733031261326","productName":"SS"}};</script> </head> <body class="new-layout "> <script language="javascript"> //Language functions function changeLanguage1(language, response){ $.ajax({ url: '/AltLanguage_ajax.cfm?type=changeLanguage&partid=1&strCode=en', cache: false, success: function(data) { // Update values in cookies Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'-1','/','.ssrn.com',''); Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'1000','/','.ssrn.com',''); // Finally, perform redirection if (response == 'reload') { window.location.reload(); } else { window.location.href=response; } } }); } function Set_Cookie( name, value, expires, path, domain, secure ) { // set time, its in milliseconds var today = new Date(); today.setTime( today.getTime() ); /* if the expires variable is set, make the correct expires time, the current script below will set it for x number of days, to make it for hours, delete * 24, for minutes, delete * 60 * 24 */ if ( expires ) { expires = expires * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24; } var expires_date = new Date( today.getTime() + (expires) ); document.cookie = name + "=" +escape( value ) + ( ( expires ) ? ";expires=" + expires_date.toGMTString() : "" ) + ( ( path ) ? ";path=" + path : "" ) + ( ( domain ) ? ";domain=" + domain : "" ) + ( ( secure ) ? ";secure" : "" ); } /* * We use this function when the language should be stripped from an object, like a form RADIO */ function getLanguage ( oObj ) { var specialChars = "!@#$^&%*()+=-[]\/{}|:<>?,."; // Need to clean up code if object came from Mura site. sCode = oObj.value; if (sCode.length > 2) { for (var i = 0; i < specialChars.length; i++) { sCode = sCode.replace(new RegExp("\\" + specialChars[i], 'gi'), ''); } // After cleaning up special chars, we take the first two chars. sCode = sCode.substring(0,2).trim(); } return sCode; } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom-bootstrap.min.css?v=429"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=429"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/global.min.css?v=429"> <link href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/main.css?v=429" rel="stylesheet"> <div class="accesibility-link"> <a id="skip-to-content" title="Skip to content" href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a> </div> <meta name="part_id" content="1"> <meta name="www_server" content="www.ssrn.com"> <meta name="static_server" content="https://cdn.ssrn.com"> <meta name="hq_server" content="hq.ssrn.com"> <meta name="papers_server" content="papers.ssrn.com"> <meta name="user_name" content="Public User"> <meta name="is_custom" content="false"> <meta name="own_design" content="false"> <meta name="ab_id" content=""> <meta name="on_behalf" content="false"> <meta name="login_user_id" content="">  <header id="global-header" data-id-plus-auth-enabled="false"></header> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">if(typeof jQuery == 'undefined') { document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='https://#strStaticServer#/libraries/JQuery/v1.12.4/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); }</script> <script> function sentEmailValidation(lngLoginID, forwardURL){ var parameters = { "lngLoginID" : lngLoginID, "strForwardURL" : forwardURL }; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=sentValidationEmailNew", data: parameters, dataType: "jsonp", async: false, success: function(data) { if(data.RESULT == 1){ $("#errorMessageLogin").html(data.MESSAGE); } }, error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { console.log(textStatus, errorThrown); } }); }; </script> <script> $( document ).ready(function() { // Show translation notice on footer on load var hebrewIsSelected = $('.dropdown-lang option:last-child').is(':selected'), $body = $('body'), $loginBox = $('.loginBox'), $menuMain = $('.menu-main'), $profileMenu = $('.profileMenu'); if (hebrewIsSelected) { toggleTranslationNote(); } $('#global-header .auth-menu > div > a:first-child').on('click', function() { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'ssrn-header:register' } }); }); $('#global-header .auth-menu > div > a:last-child').click(function(e) { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'ssrn-header:sign-in-or-register' } }); }); $('#global-header a[href$="/rankings/Ranking_display.cfm?TRN_gID=10"]').on('click', function() { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'rankings-top-papers' } }); }); $('#global-header a[href$="/submissions/CreateNewAbstract.cfm"]').on('click', function() { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'ssrn-header:submit-article' } }); }); $('#btnMenu').on('click', function() { $body.addClass('nav-is-open'); $menuMain.addClass('open'); }); $('.mo-nav-close-btn').on('click', function() { $body.removeClass('nav-is-open'); $(this).closest('.mo-nav').removeClass('open'); }); $('.mo-nav-search-btn').on('click', function() { $menuMain.find('.menu-search').toggleClass('open'); }); $(document).on('click','#profile', function(e){ e.preventDefault(); $body.toggleClass('nav-is-open'); $profileMenu.toggleClass('open'); }); /* Cleaning the email text*/ $('#txtLogin').bind("change keyup input",function() { $(".error_show_login").hide(); $("#txtLogin").removeClass("loginError"); $("#errorMessageLogin").hide(); }); /* Cleaning the password text*/ $('.password-inp').bind("change keyup input",function() { $(".error_show_pass").hide(); $("#txtPasswordLogin").removeClass("loginError"); $("#errorMessageLogin").hide(); }); /*Function for encrypt*/ function encrypt(key1, key2, key3){ var key = btoa(key1 + "|" + key2 + "|" + key3); return key; }; function validateFields (){ var emptyLogin = false; var emptyPass = false; if(document.getElementById("txtLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtLogin").value == "") { $("#txtLogin").addClass('loginError'); $(".error_show_login").show(); emptyLogin = true; } if(document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value == "" ) { $("#txtPasswordLogin").addClass('loginError'); $(".error_show_pass").show(); emptyPass = true; } if(emptyLogin == true || emptyPass == true){ return false; } return true; }; $('.password-inp').keypress(function(event) { if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) { event.preventDefault(); login(); } }); $('#txtLogin').keypress(function(event) { if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) { event.preventDefault(); login(); } }); $("#signin").click(function() { login(); }); function login(){ if (validateFields() != false) { var pageLoadData; var user = document.getElementById("txtLogin").value; var pass = document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value; var remember = $('.remember-me-check').prop('checked'); var keyUser = encrypt(user, pass, remember); var parameters = { "key" : keyUser }; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=signinService", data: parameters, dataType: "jsonp", async: false, success: function(data) { if(data.ILOGINRESULT == 0) { var lngPartLogedIn = data.USER.PART_ID; buildmenu(lngPartLogedIn); $("#name-header div.user-name-overflow").text(data.USER.FULLNAME); $("#name-mo-header").text(data.USER.FULLNAME); $('#profile').show(); $("#btnSignin").hide(); $("#btnRegister").hide(); $loginBox.removeClass('open'); $body.removeClass('nav-is-open'); pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "true"; pageData.visitor.loginStatus = "logged in"; pageData.visitor.accessType = "ss:registered-user"; pageData.visitor.userId = data.USER.ENCRYPT_PART_ID; pageLoadData = pageData; pageLoadData['event'] = 'pageLoad'; appData.push(pageLoadData); } else { pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "false"; pageLoadData = pageData; pageLoadData['event'] = 'pageLoad'; appData.push(pageLoadData); $("#errorMessageLogin").html(data.MESSAGETOSHOW); $("#errorMessageLogin").show(); } } }); } else { return false; }; }; function buildmenu(lngPartLogedIn){ $("#personal").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Participant.cfm?rectype=edit&partid=" + lngPartLogedIn + "&perinf=y"); $("#affil").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Affiliations/AffiliationList.cfm?partid=" + lngPartLogedIn); $("#suscr").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Subscriptions.cfm?partId=" + lngPartLogedIn); $("#mypapers").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/submissions/MyPapers.cfm?partid=" + lngPartLogedIn); }; $(document).click(function(event) { if(!$(event.target).closest('.header-tooltip').length && $(event.target)[0] != $('#btnSignin')[0] && $(event.target)[0] != $('#profile')[0] ) { if($('.header-tooltip').is(":visible") && $('.mo-nav-header').is(":hidden")) { $body.removeClass('nav-is-open'); $('.header-tooltip').removeClass('open'); } } // Makes the submenu links accesible by keyboard $('.has-sub-menu a') .focus(function() { $(this).parents("li").addClass("focus"); }) .blur(function() { $(this).parents("li").removeClass("focus"); }); }); // Show translation notice on change $('.dropdown-lang').on('change', function() { toggleTranslationNote(); }); // Accordion functionality on Footer MO var $collapseBtn = $('h4[data-toggle="collapse"]'), $collapsableContent = $('.collapsable'); $collapseBtn.on('click', function(){ var $this = $(this), $parent = $this.parent(), $thisCollapsable = $parent.find('.collapsable'); $collapsableContent.slideUp('fast'); if ( !$thisCollapsable.is(":visible") ) { $thisCollapsable.slideDown('fast'); } }); // Show translation notice on footer function toggleTranslationNote() { $('.translation-notice').toggle(); } }); //Language function function changeLanguage(lang){ var curretUrl = window.location.href; if(curretUrl.indexOf('&lng') != -1) { var new_url = curretUrl.substring(0, curretUrl.indexOf('&lng')); }else{ var new_url = window.location.href; } window.location.href=new_url+'&lng='+lang; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/app.bundle.js?v=429"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://static.ssrn.com/js/image-lazy-load.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-vor-banner-widget/style.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-vor-banner-widget/app.bundle.js" defer="defer"></script> <div id="vor-banner" data-api-url = "https://api.ssrn.com/content/v1/paperstatus/" data-abstract-id="1672979"></div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-1q8mTJOASx8j1Au+a5WDVnPi2lkFfwwEAa8hDDdjZlpLegxhjVME1fgjWPGmkzs7" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=429"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/abstract.min.css?v=429"> <div id="genericToastr" class="generic-toastr"> <div class="toastr-icon"> <i id="toastrIcon"></i> </div> <div id="toastrMessage" class="toastr-mesage"></div> <div class="toastr-close"> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" onclick="closeToastr()"></i> </div> <div class="toastr-link"><a id="toastrLink" href="#"></a></div> </div> <main> <div class="container abstract-body" id="maincontent"> <div class="row" id="ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget" data-bindings-api-url="https://api.ssrn.com/bindings" data-abstract-id="1672979" data-journal-endpoint="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JelJour_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id="></div> <script type="module" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget/app.bundle.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> #ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget { padding: 17px 0 16px; } #ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget img { margin: 5px; } </style> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-8 abstract-main-col"> <div class="abstract-buttons "> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1672979_code865834.pdf?abstractid=1672979&mirid=1" class="button-link primary " data-abstract-id='1672979' data-abstract-title='Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span><img alt='PDF icon' src='https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/img/icons/icon-adobe-pdf.svg' title='PDF icon' />Download This Paper</span> </a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1672979_code865834.pdf?abstractid=1672979&mirid=1&type=2" class="button-link secondary " data-abstract-id='1672979' data-abstract-title='Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span>Open PDF in Browser</span> </a> </div> <div class="star-container"> <a href="#" aria-label="Add to your Library" aria-pressed="false" role="button"> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-star-outline" data-user-id="1" data-abstract-id="1672979" data-abstract-url="static.ssrn.com" data-abstract-auth="false"></i> <span>Add Paper to My Library</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 abstract-side-col"> <div class="share-container"> Share: <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a id="socialFacebook" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" role="button" href="#" onclick='openPopup("http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1672979","Share_Facebook")' ><i class="icon icon-social-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a id="socialTwitter" title="Share on Twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" role="button" href="#" onclick='openPopup("https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility @SSRN&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1672979","Share_Twitter")' ><i class="icon icon-social-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a id="socialEmail" title="Share by Email" aria-label="Share by Email" role="button" href="#" onClick='openPopup("Email_Friend.cfm?abid=1672979","Email_Friend")'; ><i class="icon icon-gizmo-email" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a id="permalink" title="Get Permalink" aria-label="Get Permalink" role="button" href="#" ><i class="icon icon-gizmo-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function openPopup(url, name) { var newwindow = window.open(url, name || 'window' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000 + 1), 'width=600,height=400,menubar=no,location=no,toolbar=no,status=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes'); if (window.focus) { newwindow.focus(); } } function trackEventSocial(platform){ appData.push({ event: 'socialShare', social: { sharePlatform: platform } }); } jQuery('#socialFacebook').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Facebook'); }); jQuery('#socialTwitter').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Twitter'); }); jQuery('#socialEmail').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Email'); }); jQuery('#permalink').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Permalink'); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _ll = _ll || []; var trackAbstractView = function(providerId, abstractId, abstractDoi, abstractTitle, publishDate, publishYear) { _ll.push(['trackItemInvestigation', { "aid":"_oa", "aname": "Open Access", "pid": providerId, "plname": "SSRN Platform", "im": { "title": abstractTitle, "dtype": "article", "id": abstractId, "doi": abstractDoi, "yop": publishYear, "pdate": publishDate, } }]); } var abstractID = "1672979"; var abstractDoi = "https://dx.doi.org/"; var abstractTitle = "Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility"; var publishDate = "6 Oct 2010"; var publishYear = "2010"; var providerId = "de79db8afafe43c3" trackAbstractView(providerId, abstractID, abstractDoi, abstractTitle, publishDate, publishYear); (function() { var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src='https://connect.liblynx.com/log/js/counter5.min.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function ot_onload() { /* Lead Boxer setup function - called automatically by Lead Pixel lib */ let jsPageLeadBoxerJson = {"NetworkIds":"[291301,267308]","RpsJournalIds":"[1005374]","AbstractId":"1672979"} ; if (typeof jsPageLeadBoxerJson !== "undefined") { // Page has data about a specific paper _otmap.put("AbstractId", jsPageLeadBoxerJson.AbstractId); _otmap.put("NetworkIds", jsPageLeadBoxerJson.NetworkIds); _otmap.put("RpsJournalIds", jsPageLeadBoxerJson.RpsJournalIds); ot_log_state(); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function parseLeadBoxerJson(leadBoxerJson) { const lbMap = new OTMap(); let leadBoxerObject = JSON.parse(leadBoxerJson); lbMap.put('AbstractId', leadBoxerObject.AbstractId); lbMap.put('NetworkIds', leadBoxerObject.NetworkIds); lbMap.put('RpsJournalIds', leadBoxerObject.RpsJournalIds); return lbMap; } function sendLeadBoxerEventJson(leadBoxerJson) { let lbMap = parseLeadBoxerJson(leadBoxerJson); OTLogService.sendEvent("pdf-download", lbMap); } function sendLeadBoxerEvent() { OTLogService.sendEvent("pdf-download", _otmap); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://script.leadboxer.com/?dataset=5a0d335609d04d8eca60f4ef8e0b2117"></script> <div class="permalink-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <div class="tooltip-container"> <div class="permalink-title">Permalink</div> <div class="permalink-description">Using these links will ensure access to this page indefinitely</div> <div class="permalink-url"> <input type="text" id="parmalinkURL" readonly class="permalink-input" value="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1672979"> <a href="#" id="copyURL" title="Copy Permalink URL" class="btn-blue-outline btn-blue-outline-copy">Copy URL</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-8 abstract-main-col"> <div class="box-container box-abstract-main"> <h1>Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility</h1> <div class="reference-info"> <p>Law Institute Journal, Vol. 83, No. 10, pp. 52-55, 2009 </p> <p><a href='#' onClick='window.open("http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/PIP_Journal.cfm?pip_jrnl=1004491", "PIP","toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=500,height=350");' class='btn-link'>Monash University Faculty of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2010/08</a></p> </div> <p class="note note-list"> <span>6 Pages</span> <span>Posted: 6 Oct 2010</span> </p> <div class="authors authors-full-width"> <a class='lead-author-profile-link' href=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=737280 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'><span>See all articles by Paula Gerber</span><i class='icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right' aria-hidden='true'></i></a><h2><A HREF=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=737280 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'>Paula Gerber</a></h2><p>Monash University - Faculty of Law</p> </div> <p>Date Written: October 6, 2009</p> <div class="abstract-text"> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Difficulties experienced by Indigenous people in proving their identity or obtaining a birth certificate may in part be remedied through using the Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities. <P> The invisibility that Indigenous people suffer was recently highlighted when participants in the Gippsland East Aboriginal Driver Education Project could not get a driver’s license – not because they could not pass the test, or safely drive a car, but rather because they could not produce the proof of identity documentation required by VicRoads as a condition precedent to obtaining a driver’s license. Sixty of the participants did not have a birth certificate, and the births of 10 of these had never been registered. <P> It is well known that there is significant under-registration of births in developing countries; indeed, in sub-Saharan Africa more than 70 per cent of births are not registered. What is less well known is the problem of under-registration of Indigenous births in our own country. This is evidenced by the fact that the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare recorded 9900 births to Indigenous mothers in 2005, yet only 8600 such births were registered. This article examines how the birth registration system in Victoria contributes to the invisibility of Indigenous people, and considers whether the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) (Charter) can be used to redress this problem. <P></p> </div> <center> </center> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Aboriginal Rights, Birth Registration, Indigenous Peoples, Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic), Human Rights, Victoria, Victorian Human Rights, Charter</p> <div id="ssrn-paper-declarations-widget" data-papers-api-url="https://api.ssrn.com/papers" data-abstract-id="1672979"></div> <script type="module" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-declarations-widget/app.bundle.js"></script> <p><strong>JEL Classification:</strong> I3, I30, I31, I38, I39, K00, K39</p> <p> <strong class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">Suggested Citation:</strong> <a href="#" class="suggested-citation-btn btn-link visible-xs visible-sm">Suggested Citation<i class="icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right"></i></a> </p> <div id="selectable" onclick="selectText('selectable')" class="suggested-citation"> Gerber, Paula, Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility (October 6, 2009). Law Institute Journal, Vol. 83, No. 10, pp. 52-55, 2009 , Monash University Faculty of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2010/08, Available at SSRN: <a href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1672979" target="_blank">https://ssrn.com/abstract=1672979</a> </div> <a href="#" class="show-contact-btn btn-link" role="button" aria-label="Show contact information"> <span aria-hidden="true"></span><i class="icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="contact-information"> <div class="author"> <h3><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=737280" target='_blank'>Paula Gerber (Contact Author)</a></h3> <div class="block-quote"> <a href="http://www.law.monash.edu.au/" target="_blank"><img class="logo" src="https://papers.ssrn.com/Organizations/OrgBrandings/192823_17024.gif" alt="Monash University - Faculty of Law"></a> <h4>Monash University - Faculty of Law ( <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick=" appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name: 'article-page:email' } }); window.open('GetAuthorEmail.cfm?abid=1672979&pag=papers','Author_Email','toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=700,height=470')">email</a> )</h4> <p> <span>Wellington Road<br>Clayton, Victoria 3800<br>Australia<br></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mendeley-data-widget" data-abstract-id="1672979" data-mendeley-url="https://api.ssrn.com/mendeley/" data-assets="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-mendeley-data-widget/"></div> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-mendeley-data-widget/app.bundle.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-mendeley-data-widget/style.bundle.css" type="text/css"/> </div> <div class="abstract-buttons bottom"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1672979_code865834.pdf?abstractid=1672979&mirid=1" class="button-link primary " data-abstract-id='1672979' data-abstract-title='Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span><img alt='PDF icon' src='https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/img/icons/icon-adobe-pdf.svg' title='PDF icon' />Download This Paper</span> </a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1672979_code865834.pdf?abstractid=1672979&mirid=1&type=2" class="button-link secondary " data-abstract-id='1672979' data-abstract-title='Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span>Open PDF in Browser</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-references-widget/bundle.css" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-references-widget/bundle.js"></script> <div id="paper-references-widget" data-paper-id="1672979" data-user-id="1" data-references-api-url="https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/abstract/abstract.cfc?method=getReferences"></div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-citations-widget/bundle.css" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-citations-widget/bundle.js"></script> <div id="paper-citations-widget" data-paper-id="1672979" data-user-id="1" data-citations-api-url="https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/abstract/abstract.cfc?method=getCitedbys"></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 abstract-side-col no-padding"> <div class="row"> <div class="box-container box-registration-call-out"> <h2 class="section-title">Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?</h2> <div class="stats row"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/Announcements-Jobs/" class="button-link primary " > <span>Place Job Opening</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="box-paper-statics"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h2>Paper statistics</h2> </div> </div> <div class="stats row"> <div class="stat col-lg-4"> <div class="lbl">Downloads</div> <div class="number" title=""> 92</div> </div> <div class="stat col-lg-4"> <div class="lbl">Abstract Views</div> <div class="number" title=""> 1,211</div> </div> <div class="stat col-lg-4"> <div title="SSRN compiles rankings of Papers in our system based on a number of measures, such as downloads and citations. To be ranked, a paper must be a publicly available scholarly full-text paper on SSRN. Privately available papers are not considered in these rankings." class="lbl">Rank</div> <div class="number" title=""> 554,615</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="stat plumx col-lg-6"> <div class="lbl">PlumX Metrics</div> <div class="hidden-xs"> <a href="https://plu.mx/ssrn/a/?ssrn_id=1672979" class="plumx-plum-print-popup" data-popup="left" data-hide-when-empty="false" data-site="ssrn" data-hide-usage="false" data-badge="false"></a> </div> <div class="visible-xs"> <a href="https://plu.mx/ssrn/a/?ssrn_id=1672979" class="plumx-plum-print-popup" data-popup="right" data-hide-when-empty="false" data-site="ssrn" data-hide-usage="false" data-badge="false"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="box-container box-related-journals"> <h2 class="section-title">Related eJournals</h2> <ul class="quick-links"> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=1005374">Monash University Faculty of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_1005374&abid=1672979','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Monash University Faculty of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 4,809</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 657</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=841786">Indigenous Nations & Peoples Law eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_841786&abid=1672979','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Indigenous Nations & Peoples Law eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 967</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 4,456</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="feedback-tab-container"> <div class="feedback-tab" role="button" tabindex="0"> <span>Feedback</span> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-comment" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> </div> <div id="feedbackModule" class="modal-wrapper"> <div class="modal-custom feedback"> <i class="icon-gizmo-delete modal-close" aria-label="Close modal" title="Close modal" role="button" tabindex="0"></i> <div class="feedback-title">Feedback to SSRN</div> <form name="formSuggestions" role="suggestions"> <div class="feedback-description"> <label for="txtFeedback"> <span class="feedback-label">Feedback</span> <span class="feedback-required"> (required)</span> </label> <textarea id="txtFeedback" name="txtFeedback" maxlength="1000" placeholder="(1,000 Characters Max)" required></textarea> </div> <div class="feedback-email"> <label for="txtEmail"> <span class="feedback-label">Email</span> <span class="feedback-required"> (required)</span> </label> <input type="email" id="txtEmail" name="txtEmail" value="" required> </div> <button class="btn-orange btn-add-to-cart feedback-submit"> Submit <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </form> <div class="modal-divider"></div> <div class="feedback-information">If you need immediate assistance, call 877-SSRNHelp (877 777 6435) in the United States, or +1 212 448 2500 outside of the United States, 8:30AM to 6:00PM U.S. Eastern, Monday - Friday.</div> </div> </div> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var strServer = "papers.ssrn.com"; var strSugPageName = "/papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm"; var strIP = "8.222.208.146"; var strFullUrl = "papers%2Essrn%2Ecom%2Fpapers%2Essrn%2Ecom%2Fsol3%2Fpapers%2Ecfm%3Fabstract%5Fid%3D1672979"; var sEmail = ""; </script> </div> </main> <footer> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css">  <nav aria-label="footer-navigation" class="footer-integration footer-redesigned "> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-col"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="https://hq.ssrn.com/submission.cfm" class="button-link secondary submit-paper-btn" > <span>Submit a Paper</span> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right"></i> </a> </div> <a class="section-508-link" href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/section-508/" title="Section 508 Text Only Pages">Section 508 Text Only Pages</a> </div> <div class="footer-col"> <h4 data-toggle="collapse">SSRN Quick Links <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links collapsable"> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/ssrn" title="SSRN Solutions">SSRN Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/rps/" title="Research Paper Series">Research Paper Series</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/conferences/" title="Conference Papers">Conference Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/DisplayPipPublishers.cfm" title="Partners in Publishing">Partners in Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/Announcements-Jobs/" title="Jobs & Announcements">Jobs & Announcements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/special-topic-hubs/" title="Jobs & Announcements">Special Topic Hubs</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-col"> <h4 data-toggle="collapse">SSRN Rankings <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links collapsable"> <li><a href="https://hq.ssrn.com/rankings/Ranking_display.cfm?TRN_gID=10" title="Top Papers">Top Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/top-authors/" title="Top Authors">Top Authors</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/top-organizations/" title="Top Organizations">Top Organizations</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-col"> <h4 data-toggle="collapse">About SSRN <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links collapsable"> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/network-directors/" title="Network Directors">Network Directors</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/recent-announcements/" title="Announcements">Announcements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/contactus/" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/ssrn/" title="FAQs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="footer-social-links"> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/SSRNcommunity/" title="SSRN on Facebook" aria-label="Facebook" role="link"><i class="icon icon-social-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/493409?trk=tyah&trkInfo=clickedVertical%3Acompany%2CentityType%3AentityHistoryName%2CclickedEntityId%3Acompany_493409%2Cidx%3A0" title="SSRN on Linkedin" aria-label="Linkedin" role="link"><i class="icon icon-social-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/SSRN" title="SSRN on Twitter" aria-label="Twitter" role="link"><i class="icon icon-social-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="footer-elsevier"> <div class="footer-left"> <a class="logo-elsevier" target="_blank" href="http://www.elsevier.com/" title="Elsevier"></a> </div> <div class="footer-left"> <div class="footer-links"> <a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/dmca-notice-policy/" title="Copyright">Copyright</a> <a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/terms-of-use/" title="Terms and Conditions">Terms and Conditions</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.elsevier.com/legal/privacy-policy" title="Privacy Policy">Privacy Policy</a> </div> <div class="footer-text"> <p style="padding-bottom: 0.8em">All content on this site: Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc., its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the Creative Commons licensing terms apply.</p> <p>We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content.</p> <p>To learn more, visit <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button>. <span class="icon-gizmo-lightning alwaysshowme"> <span class="tooltip top" role="tooltip"> <span class="tooltip-arrow"></span> <span class="tooltip-inner">This page was processed by aws-apollo-l100 in <span id="serverTime"> 0.047</span> seconds <span id="loadingtime"></span></span> </span> </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-right"> <a class="logo-relx" target="_blank" href="http://www.relx.com/" title="RELX"></a> </div> </div> </div> </nav>  <script type="text/javascript"> var d = new Date("{ts '2010-10-06 00:00:00'}"); var seconds = Math.floor(d.getTime() / 1000); var abstractObj = { format : 'MIME-HTML', id : "1672979", onlineDate : "" + seconds + "", title : "Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility", type : 'XOCS-JOURNAL:SCOPE-ABSTRACT:PREPRINT' } var arrAbstract=[]; arrAbstract.push(abstractObj); pageData["content"] = arrAbstract; pageData["researchNetworks"] = ["bWz","Fyc"]; </script> <script> window.appData = window.appData || []; var pageLoadData = pageData; pageLoadData['event'] = 'pageLoad'; appData.push(pageLoadData); </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"> var participantId="";; var ssrnEnv="production";; var userName="";; var isAuthor="";; var emailAddress="";; var firstName="";; var lastName="";; var remoteIpAddr="8.222.208.146";; var cfSessionId="SSRN_ce339bba-b7ba-47ca-9a90-bb23ef2830b0_0";; var pendoAAUserId = pageData.visitor.userId; var pendoAAVisitorId ; if (typeof window.pageDataTracker !== 'undefined') { pendoAAVisitorId = window.pageDataTracker.getVisitorId(); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"> (function(apiKey){ (function(p,e,n,d,o){var v,w,x,y,z;o=p[d]=p[d]||{};o._q=o._q||[]; v=['initialize','identify','updateOptions','pageLoad','track'];for(w=0,x=v.length;w<x;++w)(function(m){ o[m]=o[m]||function(){o._q[m===v[0]?'unshift':'push']([m].concat([].slice.call(arguments,0)));};})(v[w]); y=e.createElement(n);y.async=!0;y.src='https://cdn.pendo.io/agent/static/'+apiKey+'/pendo.js'; z=e.getElementsByTagName(n)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(y,z);})(window,document,'script','pendo'); // Call this whenever information about your visitors becomes available // Please use Strings, Numbers, or Bools for value types. pendo.initialize({ visitor: { id: participantId, // Required if user is logged in email: emailAddress, // full_name: // Recommended if using Pendo Feedback // role: // Optional // You can add any additional visitor level key-values here, // as long as it's not one of the above reserved names. env: ssrnEnv, userName: userName, isAuthor: isAuthor, emailAddress: emailAddress, firstName: firstName, lastName: lastName, remoteIpAddress: remoteIpAddr, AAUserId: pendoAAUserId, AAVisitorId: pendoAAVisitorId, CFSessionId: cfSessionId, }, account: { id: 'ACCOUNT-UNIQUE-ID' // Highly recommended // name: // Optional // is_paying: // Recommended if using Pendo Feedback // monthly_value:// Recommended if using Pendo Feedback // planLevel: // Optional // planPrice: // Optional // creationDate: // Optional // You can add any additional account level key-values here, // as long as it's not one of the above reserved names. } }); })('16bd5dd1-e029-4c34-7a4c-3482b1250970'); </script> <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/updateInformationLog.cfm?process=true"><img src="header/pixel.gif" border="0" alt=" " aria-hidden="true" width="1" height="1"></a> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/generic-toastr/generic-toastr.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/copy2clipboard/copy2clipboard.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/feedback-module/feedback-module.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Scripts/versions-groups.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js?v=429" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="Scripts/papers.js?v=429" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.plu.mx/widget-popup.js?v=429"></script> <script id='cf-program-p68qz5' src='https://digitalfeedback.us.confirmit.com/api/digitalfeedback/loader?programKey=p68qz5' async></script> </footer> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Making Visible the Problem of Invisibility by Paula Gerber :: SSRN