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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Ranastambhapura from 1283–1301</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Hammiradeva</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammir_palace,ranthambor_fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hammir_palace%2Cranthambor_fort.jpg/220px-Hammir_palace%2Cranthambor_fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hammir_palace%2Cranthambor_fort.jpg/330px-Hammir_palace%2Cranthambor_fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hammir_palace%2Cranthambor_fort.jpg/440px-Hammir_palace%2Cranthambor_fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Hammira's palace at the <a href="/wiki/Ranthambore_Fort" title="Ranthambore Fort">Ranthambore Fort</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1283 – 10 July 1301</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 July 1301<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992347_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992347-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hammiradeva</b> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Hammīra-deva; r. 1283 – 10 July 1301) was the last ruler from the <a href="/wiki/Chahamanas_of_Ranastambhapura" title="Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura">Ranthambore branch of the Chauhans (Chahamanas)</a>. He is also known as Hamir Dev Chauhan in the Muslim chronicles and the vernacular literature. </p><p>Hammiradeva ruled a kingdom centred around Ranthambore in present-day <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>. In the 1280s, he raided several neighbouring kingdoms, which ultimately left him without allies. In the 1290s, he successfully defended his kingdom against <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaluddin Khalji">Jalaluddin Khalji</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>. In 1299, he gave asylum to some <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> rebels from Delhi, which prompted Jalaluddin's successor <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji" title="Alauddin Khalji">Alauddin Khalji</a> to invade his kingdom. Hammira's forces achieved some successes against Alauddin's generals <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Khan" title="Ulugh Khan">Ulugh Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Khan_Jalesari" title="Nusrat Khan Jalesari">Nusrat Khan</a>, but he was ultimately defeated and killed in 1301 after <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji%27s_conquest_of_Ranthambore" title="Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore">a long siege</a>. </p><p>Hammira is celebrated as a hero in several texts composed after his death including Nayachandra Suri's <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Mahakavya" title="Hammira Mahakavya">Hammira Mahakavya</a></i>, Jodharaja's <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Raso" title="Hammira Raso">Hammira Raso</a></i>, and Chandrashekhara's <i>Hammira-Hatha</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hammiradeva was a son of the Chahamana king <a href="/wiki/Jaitrasimha" title="Jaitrasimha">Jaitrasimha</a> (Jaitra Singh) and queen Hira Devi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950103_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950103-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Hammira" is a Sanskritized form of the Arabic title <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Amir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomila_Thapar2005120_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomila_Thapar2005120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known about him, except the <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Mahakavya" title="Hammira Mahakavya">Hammira Mahakavya</a></i>, written by a poet about 100 years after Hammiradeva's death and whose reliability has been questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammiradeva had two elder brothers named Suratrana and Virama.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Jaitrasimha" title="Jaitrasimha">Jaitrasimha</a> retired because of old age, he appointed Hammiradeva as his successor, although Hammira was not his eldest son. The <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Mahakavya" title="Hammira Mahakavya">Hammira Mahakavya</a></i> dates Hammira's ascension to 1283 CE (1339 <a href="/wiki/Vikrama_Samvat" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikrama Samvat">VS</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to a <a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogy</a> given in the <i><a href="/wiki/Prabandha_Kosha" title="Prabandha Kosha">Prabandha Kosha</a></i>, Hammira ascended the throne in 1285 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManabendu_Banerjee2004278_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManabendu_Banerjee2004278-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Dasharatha_Sharma" title="Dasharatha Sharma">Dasharatha Sharma</a> speculates that <a href="/wiki/Jaitrasimha" title="Jaitrasimha">Jaitrasimha</a> lived until 1285 CE, which may explain this discrepancy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_rule">Early rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after his ascension, Hammiradeva launched a series of raids against his Hindu neighbours until 1288. The <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Mahakavya" title="Hammira Mahakavya">Hammira Mahakavya</a></i> presents these raids as a systematic <i><a href="/wiki/Digvijaya_(conquest)" title="Digvijaya (conquest)">digvijaya</a></i> ("conquests in all directions") campaign. However, Hammiradeva's own inscriptions do not mention any <i>dgivijaya</i> campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107–108_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107–108-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Balvan inscription of 1288 CE mentions that Hammiradeva captured the elephant force of <a href="/wiki/Arjunavarman_II" title="Arjunavarman II">Arjuna II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Paramara_dynasty" title="Paramara dynasty">Paramara</a> king of <a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959124_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959124-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Paramaras had greatly declined in power, and their kingdom faced an internal rebellion after Arjuna's death. Taking advantage of this, several of their enemies had plundered Malwa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Mahakavya" title="Hammira Mahakavya">Hammira Mahakavya</a></i>, Hammiradeva also subjugated Arjuna, the ruler of a principality called Bhimarasa. Next, he extracted tribute from the Manḍalakṛta fort (modern <a href="/wiki/Mandalgarh" title="Mandalgarh">Mandalgarh</a>). Hammira then targeted <a href="/wiki/Bhoja_II_(Paramara_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)">Bhoja II</a>, the successor of Arjuna II in Malwa. He defeated the Paramara forces, and reached as far as Ujjayini (<a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a>) and Dhara (<a href="/wiki/Dhar" title="Dhar">Dhar</a>). He then returned home via the place called <a href="/wiki/Chittor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittor">Chittor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Abu" title="Mount Abu">Abu</a>, Vardhanapura (<a href="/wiki/Badnor,_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Badnor, Rajasthan">Badnor</a>), Changa, <a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a>, Maharashtra (present-day <a href="/wiki/Maroth,_Rajasthan" title="Maroth, Rajasthan">Marot</a> village), Khandilla (<a href="/wiki/Khandela" title="Khandela">Khandela</a>), Champa and Karkarala (<a href="/wiki/Karauli" title="Karauli">Karauli</a>). At Karkarala, he received homage from the ruler of Tribhuvanagiri (<a href="/wiki/Timangarh" title="Timangarh">Timangarh</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Out of all these raids, Hammira's own inscriptions mention only his successes in Malwa. Therefore, historian <a href="/wiki/Dasharatha_Sharma" title="Dasharatha Sharma">Dasharatha Sharma</a> doubts the historicity of the other raids described in the <i>Hammira Mahakavya</i>, and considers its <i>digivjaya</i> account as fictitious.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Balvan inscription mentions that Hammira performed a ritual sacrifice known as <i>Koti-<a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">yajna</a></i> twice. This sacrifice appears to have been similar to the <a href="/wiki/Ashvamedha" title="Ashvamedha">Ashvamedha</a> ceremony, which was proved by ancient Indian kings to prove their sovereignty. The <i>Koti yajna</i> performed by the royal priest Vishvarupa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflict_with_the_Delhi_Sultanate">Conflict with the Delhi Sultanate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conflict with the Delhi Sultanate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 400px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 400px; height: 400px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-zoom="5" data-lat="27.34" data-lon="76.84" data-overlays="["_5337aa06af14f59541b2050ad46348dedd4d0752"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/27.34/76.84/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,27.34,76.84,400x400.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Hammiradeva&revid=1241306849&groups=_5337aa06af14f59541b2050ad46348dedd4d0752" width="400" height="400" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,27.34,76.84,400x400@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Hammiradeva&revid=1241306849&groups=_5337aa06af14f59541b2050ad46348dedd4d0752 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Location of Delhi and Ranthambore</div></div></div> <p>Hammira's wars with his Hindu neighbours ultimately left him without any allies against his powerful northern neighbour, the Muslim-ruled <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESailendra_Nath_Sen1999336_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESailendra_Nath_Sen1999336-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jalaluddin_Khalji">Jalaluddin Khalji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jalaluddin Khalji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jhain" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jhain">Battle of Jhain</a></div> <p>In 1290, <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaluddin Khalji">Jalaluddin Khalji</a>, the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>, invaded Hammira's territory. He defeated Hammira's forces led by <a href="/wiki/Gurdan_Saini" title="Gurdan Saini">Gurdan Saini</a>, who was killed in the battle. The Delhi army captured <a href="/wiki/Jhain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhain">Jhain</a>, and then marched towards Ranthambore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They besieged the Ranthambore fort with <a href="/wiki/Manjaniq" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjaniq">manjaniqs</a> (siege engines), but were unable to capture the fort. Jalaluddin ultimately gave up, and returned to Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Jalaluddin's retreat, Hammira recaptured Jhain. In 1292, Jalaluddin once again invaded Jhain, this time unsuccessfully.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alauddin_Khalji">Alauddin Khalji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alauddin Khalji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Banas_(1300)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Banas (1300) (page does not exist)">Battle of Banas (1300)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji%27s_conquest_of_Ranthambore" title="Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore">Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the annals of Rājpūt chivalry, there is scarcely a name better known than that of Hammīra the haṭhī, ruler of Ranthambhor.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Dashratha Sharma, Early Chauhān Dynasties</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In 1299, some <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> soldiers of <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji%27s_conquest_of_Gujarat#Mutiny_near_Jalore" title="Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat">mutined against their generals</a>. Hammira granted asylum to two of these leaders — Muhammad Shah (alias Mahim Shah) and Kabhru — and their followers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal195088_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal195088-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rejected the demands to surrender these soldiers, leading to an invasion from the Delhi Sultanate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992342_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hammira lost his general Bhimasamha to an invasion led by the Delhi general <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Khan" title="Ulugh Khan">Ulugh Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammira held his minister Dharmasimha responsible for this debacle, and had him castrated and blinded. However, Dharmasimha soon gained back the king's favour, by raising money for his fight against the Delhi forces. This money was raised through heavy taxes on the general public, which made Hammira very unpopular among the masses. His brothers Bhoja and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pithasimha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pithasimha (page does not exist)">Pithasimha</a> defected to Alauddin as a result of Dharmasimha's scheming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959110-111_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959110-111-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Bhoja's instigation, Alauddin sent a stronger army to Ranthambore. However, this army was defeated by Hammira's generals, which included the rebel Mongol leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959111_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959111-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alauddin next dispatched <a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Khan_Jalesari" title="Nusrat Khan Jalesari">Nusrat Khan</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a>, to reinforce Ulugh Khan's forces. The combined Delhi forces advanced up to Ranthambore, and besieged the fort. Some days later, Nusrat Khan was hit by a <a href="/wiki/Manjaniq" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjaniq">manjaniq</a> stone and killed. Taking advantage of the situation, Hammira came out of the fort with a large army, and forced Ulugh Khan to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992342_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992342-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959112_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959112-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Nusrat Khan's death, Alauddin decided to personally lead the siege of Ranthambore. He ordered his officers from his various provinces to assemble their contingents at <a href="/wiki/Tilpat" title="Tilpat">Tilpat</a>, and then led a joint force to Ranthambore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992343–344_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992343–344-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a prolonged siege followed, during which Hammira's officers Ratipala and Ranamalla defected to Alauddin's side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959113_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959113-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By July 1301, Hammira was in a dire situation owing to the defections and a famine-like situation within the fort. Therefore, he decided to fight to death with his loyal men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959113_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959113-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ladies of the fort, led by his chief queen Ranga Devi, died by <i><a href="/wiki/Jauhar" title="Jauhar">jauhar</a></i> (mass self-immolation to avoid falling into the enemy hands).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950112_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950112-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammira offered safe passages to his brother Virama, his minister Jaja, and the rebel Mongol leader Muhammad Shah, but all of them refused to desert him. Virama died fighting by his side in a <a href="/wiki/Last_stand" title="Last stand">last stand</a>. Jaja, whom Hammira had appointed as his successor, died two days later while defending the fort. Muhammad Shah was wounded in the action, and later executed on Alauddin's orders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959118–119_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959118–119-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammira and his loyal companions marched to the top of the <i>pasheb</i> mound, where they fought to death with Alauddin's army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992347_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992347-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Rajput-era bards claim that Hammira severed his own head and offered it to the god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Mahadeva</a> when faced with a certain defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950104_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950104-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_activities">Cultural activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> scholar Nayachandra, Hammira was generous towards <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>, and respected all Indian faiths, including Jainism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959115_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959115-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Sharngadhara-paddhati" title="Sharngadhara-paddhati">Sharngadhara-Paddhati</a></i>, Hammira was a pupil of the scholar-poet Raghavadeva, who was a grandfather of the famous anthologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharngadhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharngadhara (page does not exist)">Sharngadhara</a>. Hammira also patronised the poet Bijaditya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959115_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959115-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hammira has been hailed as a hero in several works written after his death, including those written in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajasthani language">Rajasthani</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959116_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959116-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Mahakavya" title="Hammira Mahakavya">Hammira Mahakavya</a></i>, his biography by the Jain scholar Nayachandra Suri, is a major source of information about him. <i>Surjana-Charita</i> also describes him, although it is not entirely reliable from a historical point-of-view. He is also mentioned in a few verses of <i>Prakrta-Pingala</i> (or <i>Prakrta-Paingalam</i>, 14th century) and <i>Sharngadhara-Paddhati</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Hindi film <i>Hameer Hath</i> (1964) is based on his life. </p><p>Two later Hindi works on his life include <i><a href="/wiki/Hammira_Raso" title="Hammira Raso">Hammira Raso</a></i> by Jodharaja and <i>Hammira-Hatha</i> by Chandrashekhara. However, these are of little historical value.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992347-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992347_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992347_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992">Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950103-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950103_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKishori_Saran_Lal1950">Kishori Saran Lal 1950</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomila_Thapar2005120-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomila_Thapar2005120_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRomila_Thapar2005">Romila Thapar 2005</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959106_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAditya_Malik2011" class="citation book cs1">Aditya Malik (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FZceq1EzjLQC"><i>Religion, a Human Phenomenon: XXth World Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions</i></a>. Institute for the Advanced Study of Religion. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9876934-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9876934-0-2"><bdi>978-0-9876934-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+a+Human+Phenomenon%3A+XXth+World+Congress+of+the+International+Association+for+the+History+of+Religions&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Advanced+Study+of+Religion&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9876934-0-2&rft.au=Aditya+Malik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFZceq1EzjLQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManabendu_Banerjee2004278-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManabendu_Banerjee2004278_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManabendu_Banerjee2004">Manabendu Banerjee 2004</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107–108-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107–108_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, pp. 107–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959124-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959124_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959108_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959107_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESailendra_Nath_Sen1999336-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESailendra_Nath_Sen1999336_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen1999">Sailendra Nath Sen 1999</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959109_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal195088-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal195088_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKishori_Saran_Lal1950">Kishori Saran Lal 1950</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992342-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992342_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992342_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992">Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992</a>, p. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959110-111-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959110-111_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 110-111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959111-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959111_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959112-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959112_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992343–344-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992343–344_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992">Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992</a>, pp. 343–344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959113-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959113_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959113_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950112-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950112_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKishori_Saran_Lal1950">Kishori Saran Lal 1950</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959118–119-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959118–119_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, pp. 118–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950104-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishori_Saran_Lal1950104_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKishori_Saran_Lal1950">Kishori Saran Lal 1950</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959115-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959115_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959115_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959116-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasharatha_Sharma1959116_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959">Dasharatha Sharma 1959</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasharatha_Sharma1959" class="citation book cs1">Dasharatha Sharma (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ"><i>Early Chauhān Dynasties</i></a>. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842606189" title="Special:BookSources/9780842606189"><bdi>9780842606189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Chauh%C4%81n+Dynasties&rft.pub=S.+Chand+%2F+Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=9780842606189&rft.au=Dasharatha+Sharma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn4gcAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanarsi_Prasad_Saksena1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Banarsi_Prasad_Saksena" class="mw-redirect" title="Banarsi Prasad Saksena">Banarsi Prasad Saksena</a> (1992). "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ"><i>A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)</i></a>. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31870180">31870180</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Khaljis%3A+Alauddin+Khalji&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+History+of+India%3A+The+Delhi+Sultanat+%28A.D.+1206-1526%29&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=The+Indian+History+Congress+%2F+People%27s+Publishing+House&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31870180&rft.au=Banarsi+Prasad+Saksena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_9cmAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKishori_Saran_Lal1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/K._S._Lal" title="K. S. Lal">Kishori Saran Lal</a> (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ"><i>History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)</i></a>. Allahabad: The Indian Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/685167335">685167335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaljis+%281290-1320%29&rft.place=Allahabad&rft.pub=The+Indian+Press&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F685167335&rft.au=Kishori+Saran+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2XXqAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManabendu_Banerjee2004" class="citation book cs1">Manabendu Banerjee (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AgtkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Historicity in Sanskrit Historical Kāvyas</i></a>. Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/69734858">69734858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historicity+in+Sanskrit+Historical+K%C4%81vyas&rft.pub=Sanskrit+Pustak+Bhandar&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F69734858&rft.au=Manabendu+Banerjee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAgtkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomila_Thapar2005" class="citation book cs1">Romila Thapar (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PnBMFaGMabYC&pg=PA119"><i>Somanatha: The Many Voices of a History</i></a>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844670208" title="Special:BookSources/9781844670208"><bdi>9781844670208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somanatha%3A+The+Many+Voices+of+a+History&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781844670208&rft.au=Romila+Thapar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPnBMFaGMabYC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen1999" class="citation book cs1">Sailendra Nath Sen (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA336"><i>Ancient Indian History and Civilization</i></a>. New Age International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788122411980" title="Special:BookSources/9788122411980"><bdi>9788122411980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+and+Civilization&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788122411980&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk4_ICH_g1EC%26pg%3DPA336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sudheer Maurya (2020). <i>Hammir Hath</i> (in Hindi) (1 ed.). India: Rajmangal Prakashan. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788194612278" title="Special:BookSources/9788194612278"><bdi>9788194612278</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hammir+Hath&rft.place=India&rft.pages=240&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Rajmangal+Prakashan&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9788194612278&rft.au=Sudheer+Maurya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHammiradeva" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&oldid=1241306849">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hammiradeva&oldid=1241306849</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maharajas_of_Rajasthan" title="Category:Maharajas of Rajasthan">Maharajas of Rajasthan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chahamana_kings_of_Ranastambhapura" title="Category:Chahamana kings of Ranastambhapura">Chahamana kings of Ranastambhapura</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1301_deaths" title="Category:1301 deaths">1301 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_monarchs" title="Category:Hindu monarchs">Hindu monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchs_killed_in_action" title="Category:Monarchs killed in action">Monarchs killed in action</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2019">Use dmy dates from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_October_2019" title="Category:Use Indian English from October 2019">Use Indian English from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page" title="Category:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_(hi)" title="Category:CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)">CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 August 2024, at 13:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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