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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">സോങ് രാജവംശം</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-dinastie" title="Song-dinastie – ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Song-dinastie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Song" title="Dinastía Song – അരഗോണീസ്" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dinastía Song" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="അരഗോണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9" title="سلالة سونغ الحاكمة – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلالة سونغ الحاكمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Song" title="Dinastía Song – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dinastía Song" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Sun imperiyası – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sun imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="سون ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سون ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Сун империяһы – ബഷ്ഖിർ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сун империяһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ബഷ്ഖിർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya_Song" title="Dinastiya Song – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dinastiya Song" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Сун – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Сун – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Song" title="Dinasti Song – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Dinasti Song" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="སུང་རྒྱལ་རབས། – ടിബറ്റൻ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སུང་རྒྱལ་རབས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ടിബറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierniezh_Song" title="Tierniezh Song – ബ്രെട്ടൺ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tierniezh Song" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ബ്രെട്ടൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Сун улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сун улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia Song" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ng-di%C3%A8u" title="Sóng-dièu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sóng-dièu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی سۆنگ – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی سۆنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_Sung" title="Říše Sung – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Říše Sung" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85)" title="Сун (патшалăх) – ചുവാഷ്" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сун (патшалăх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ചുവാഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-dynastiet" title="Song-dynastiet – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Song-dynastiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-Dynastie" title="Song-Dynastie – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Song-Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Δυναστεία Σονγκ – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναστεία Σονγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Song dynasty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastio_Song" title="Dinastio Song – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dinastio Song" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Song" title="Dinastía Song – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía Song" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songi_d%C3%BCnastia" title="Songi dünastia – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Songi dünastia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dinastia" title="Song dinastia – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Song dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دودمان سونگ – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان سونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-dynastia" title="Song-dynastia – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Song-dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie_Song" title="Dynastie Song – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dynastie Song" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B" title="宋 – ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="宋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Song" title="Dinastía Song – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía Song" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sung-chh%C3%A8u" title="Sung-chhèu – ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sung-chhèu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="שושלת סונג – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שושלת סונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="सोंग राजवंश – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोंग राजवंश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Sung" title="Dinastija Sung – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dinastija Sung" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szung-dinasztia" title="Szung-dinasztia – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szung-dinasztia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Song" title="Dinasti Song – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Song" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastio_Song" title="Dinastio Song – ഇഡോ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dinastio Song" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ഇഡോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songveldi%C3%B0" title="Songveldið – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Songveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia Song" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)" title="宋 (王朝) – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宋 (王朝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სუნის დინასტია – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუნის დინასტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="រាជវង្សសុង – ഖമെർ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រាជវង្សសុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ഖമെർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%A1%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="송나라 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="송나라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanedana_Song" title="Xanedana Song – കുർദ്ദിഷ്" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xanedana Song" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="കുർദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_Song" title="Familia Song – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Familia Song" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song%C5%B3_dinastija" title="Songų dinastija – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Songų dinastija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunu_dinastija" title="Sunu dinastija – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sunu dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Сунг (династија) – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сунг (династија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Сүн улс – മംഗോളിയൻ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сүн улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="മംഗോളിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="सोंग राजवंश – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सोंग राजवंश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Song" title="Dinasti Song – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dinasti Song" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="सोङ्ग राजवंश – നേവാരി" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सोङ्ग राजवंश" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="നേവാരി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-dynastie" title="Song-dynastie – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Song-dynastie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-dynastiet" title="Song-dynastiet – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Song-dynastiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-dynastiet" title="Song-dynastiet – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Song-dynastiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song – ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dinastia Song" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸੋਂਗ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼ – പഞ്ചാബി" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੋਂਗ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="പഞ്ചാബി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia_Song" title="Dynastia Song – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dynastia Song" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="سونگ راجٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سونگ راجٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Sung" title="Dinastia Sung – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia Sung" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastia Song" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Империя Сун – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Империя Сун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Sung" title="Dinastija Sung – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dinastija Sung" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Song dynasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sung_(dynastia)" title="Sung (dynastia) – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sung (dynastia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song – അൽബേനിയൻ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dinastia Song" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="അൽബേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Династија Сунг – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија Сунг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songdynastin" title="Songdynastin – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Songdynastin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaba_ya_Song" title="Nasaba ya Song – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nasaba ya Song" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="சொங் அரசமரபு – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சொங் அரசமரபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์ซ่ง – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์ซ่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiyang_Song" title="Dinastiyang Song – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dinastiyang Song" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Song Hanedanı – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Song Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%DA%AD_%D8%B3%DB%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="سۇڭ سۇلالىسى – ഉയ്ഘുർ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇڭ سۇلالىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ഉയ്ഘുർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Династія Сун – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Династія Сун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" title="سونگ شاہی سلسلہ – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سونگ شاہی سلسلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_imperiyasi" title="Sun imperiyasi – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sun imperiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_T%E1%BB%91ng" title="Nhà Tống – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà Tống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya_Song" title="Dinastiya Song – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dinastiya Song" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宋朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungciuz" title="Sungciuz – സ്വാംഗ്" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sungciuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="സ്വാംഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song-dynastie" title="Song-dynastie – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Song-dynastie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宋朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%AE%8B" title="趙宋 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="趙宋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2ng" title="Sòng – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sòng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%AE%8B" title="趙宋 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="趙宋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Song dynasty</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3196326">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宋朝</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">960–1279</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northern Song in 1111"><img alt="A map showing the territory of the Song, Liao, and Western Xia dynasties. The Song occupies the east half of what constitutes the territory of the modern People's Republic of China, except for the northernmost areas (modern Inner Mongolia and above). Western Xia occupies a small strip of land surrounding a river in what is now Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, and the Liao occupy a large section of what is today north-east China." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/250px-China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/375px-China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/500px-China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div style="font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;">Northern Song in 1111</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">തലസ്ഥാനം</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaifeng (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Bianjing</a> (汴京)<small><br />(960–1127)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a> (臨安)<small><br />(1127–1276)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">പൊതുവായ ഭാഷകൾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">മതം <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Taoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoism">Taoism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heaven_worship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heaven worship (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Heaven worship</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_folk_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese folk religion (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Chinese folk religion</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Manichaeism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Manichaeism (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Chinese Manichaeism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_during_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam during the Song dynasty (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ഗവൺമെൻ്റ്</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><center></center></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Song_Emperors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Song Emperors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Emperor</a></center></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 960–976 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Taizu_of_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Taizu of Song (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Emperor Taizu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1126–1127 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Qinzong_of_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Qinzong of Song (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Emperor Qinzong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1127–1162 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Emperor Gaozong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1278–1279 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Bing_of_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Bing of Song (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Emperor Bing</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ചരിത്ര യുഗം</th><td class="infobox-data">Postclassical Era</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established by Zhao Kuangyin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Taizu_of_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Taizu of Song (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Emperor Taizu of Song</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">960</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Conducted_at_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance Conducted at Sea (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Alliance Conducted at Sea</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1115–1125</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingkang_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jingkang Incident (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Jingkang Incident</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1127</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Beginning of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Mongol invasion</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1235</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Surrender of <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1276</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yamen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Yamen (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Battle of Yamen</a> marks end of Song rule </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 19, 1279</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">വിസ്തീർണ്ണം</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">958 est.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">800,000 കി.m<sup>2</sup> (310,000 ച മൈ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">980 est.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">3,100,000 കി.m<sup>2</sup> (1,200,000 ച മൈ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1127 est.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">2,100,000 കി.m<sup>2</sup> (810,000 ച മൈ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1204 est.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">1,800,000 കി.m<sup>2</sup> (690,000 ച മൈ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1120 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">118,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">നാണയവ്യവസ്ഥ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiaozi_(currency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiaozi (currency) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Jiaozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huizi_(currency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huizi (currency) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Huizi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese cash (currency unit) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Chinese cash</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_coin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese coin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Chinese coin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper coins (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">copper coins</a>, etc.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>മുൻപ്</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b> ശേഷം</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Zhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Later Zhou (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Later Zhou</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jingnan (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Jingnan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Shu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Later Shu (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Later Shu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Han (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Southern Han</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Tang (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Southern Tang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuyue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuyue (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Wuyue</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Han (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Northern Han</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ഇന്ന് ഇത് ഈ രാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ ഭാഗമാണ്:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8" title="ചൈന">China</a><br />  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹോങ്കോങ്">Hong Kong</a><br />  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau">Macau</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">സോങ് രാജവംശം</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Song_dynasty_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Song_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/125px-Song_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Song_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/188px-Song_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Song_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/250px-Song_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="292" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Song dynasty" in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani">宋朝</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard Chinese (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanyu_Pinyin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanyu Pinyin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sòng cháo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sonq chaur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade%E2%80%93Giles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wade–Giles (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sung<sup>4</sup> ch'ao<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:IPA/Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="സഹായം:IPA/Mandarin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:IPA/Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="സഹായം:IPA/Mandarin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">[sʊ̂ŋ ʈʂʰǎu]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sung chìuh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyutping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyutping (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sung<sup>3</sup> ciu<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Min&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Min (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwanese_Romanization_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwanese Romanization System (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sòng tiâu</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0.3em 0 0.6em 0.6em; border: 1px solid #777; color:#000; background: #FFF; line-height:160%; font-size:90%; float:right; clear:right; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8" style="padding:3px 3px 0px 3px; background:#FEC; border-bottom: 1px solid #777; color:#000;font-size: 110%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="History of China"><img alt="History of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg/200px-Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg/300px-Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg/400px-Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>History of China</figcaption></figure> <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="History of China">History of China</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="line-height: 150%; color:#777; text-align:center;font-size: 100%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><small>ANCIENT</small></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #c3c4db; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #c3c4db;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><a href="/wiki/Xia_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Xia Dynasty">Xia Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">2100–1600 BC</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #c3c4db;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><a href="/wiki/Shang_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Shang Dynasty">Shang Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">1600–1046 BC</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou Dynasty">Zhou Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">1045–256 BC</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"> <b><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Zhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Zhou (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Eastern Zhou</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 140%; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8">   <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring and Autumn Period">Spring and Autumn Period</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #888; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8">   <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Warring States Period">Warring States Period</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="line-height: 150%; color:#777;font-size: 100%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><small>IMPERIAL</small></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Qin_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Dynasty">Qin Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">221 BC–206 BC</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Han_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Dynasty">Han Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">206 BC–220 AD</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Western_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han">Western Han</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xin_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xin Dynasty (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Xin Dynasty</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Han (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Eastern Han</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Kingdoms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Kingdoms (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Three Kingdoms</a></b> <font style="color:#888">220–280</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 2px 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Wei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cao Wei (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Wei</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shu Han (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Shu</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Wu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Wu (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Wu</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_Dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin Dynasty (265–420) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Jin Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">265–420</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Jin_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Jin Dynasty (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Western Jin</a></b> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px solid #dbd9c5; border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixteen_Kingdoms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixteen Kingdoms (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">16 Kingdoms</a></b><br /><font style="color:#888">304–439</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Jin_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Jin Dynasty (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Eastern Jin</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern and Northern Dynasties (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Southern & Northern Dynasties</a></b><br /><font style="color:#888">420–589</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Sui_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sui Dynasty">Sui Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">581–618</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Tang_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang Dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">618–907</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 2px 5px; background: #fffde9">  <font style="color:#888">( </font> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Zetian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Zetian (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Second Zhou</a></b> <font style="color:#888">690–705 )</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 2px 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_Period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">5 Dynasties &<br /> 10 Kingdoms</a></b><br /><font style="color:#888">907–960</font> </td> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liao_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liao Dynasty (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Liao Dynasty</a></b><br /><font style="color:#888">907–1125</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%;padding: 2px 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song Dynasty</a></b><br /><font style="color:#888">960–1279</font> </td> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Song (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Northern Song</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-top: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Xia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Xia (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">W. Xia</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Song (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Southern Song</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_Dynasty,_1115%E2%80%931234&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin Dynasty, 1115–1234 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Jin</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Dynasty">Yuan Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">1271–1368</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">1368–1644</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #888;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a></b> <font style="color:#888">1644–1911</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="line-height: 150%; color:#777; font-size: 100%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fff0f6"><b><small>MODERN</small></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fff0f6"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Republic of China (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Republic of China</a></b> <font style="color:#888">1912–1949</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="line-height: 140%; font-size: 90%; padding: 2px 5px 0 5px; border-top: 1px solid #dbd9c5; background: #fff0f6"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the People's Republic of China (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">People's Republic<br />of China</a></b><br /><font style="color:#888"> 1949–present</font> </td> <td colspan="3" style="line-height: 140%; font-size: 90%; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; background: #fff0f6;border-left: 1px solid #dbcebe;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Republic of China (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Republic of<br />China</a></b><font style="color:#888"> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_after_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwan after World War II (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Taiwan</a>)<br />1945–present</font> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; padding:0px 3px 2px 3px; background:#EEE; border-top: 1px solid #888; color:#000;font-size: 100%;"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0 0 0 0; text-align: center;"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-style: none; padding: 0 0 0 0; background:#EEE; text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"><b>Related articles</b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="border-style: none; padding: 0px; background-color:transparent; font-size: 100%; text-align: center;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_historiography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese historiography (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Chinese historiography</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Chinese_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Chinese history (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Timeline of Chinese history</a><br /> <a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:History_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം:History of China (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)"><span title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദതാൾ">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:EditPage/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:History_of_China" title="പ്രത്യേകം:EditPage/ഫലകം:History of China"><span title="ഫലകം തിരുത്തുക">edit</span></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>അഞ്ചു രാജവംശങ്ങളുടെയും പത്തു രാജ്യങ്ങളുടെയും കാലഘട്ടത്തിനു ശേഷം ക്രിസ്തബ്ദം 960 മുതൽ 1279 വരെയുള്ള കാലം ചൈനീസ് ചരിത്രത്തിൽ സോങ് രാജവംശത്തിന്റേതായി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. ലോക ചരിത്രത്തിൽ തന്നെ ആദ്യമായി കടലാസ്സ് കറൻസികൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്നതും ചൈനയിൽ ആദ്യമായി സ്ഥിര നാവിക സൈന്യം ഉണ്ടാക്കിയതും സോങ് രാജവംശമാണ്. ചരിത്രത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നതിൽ വെച്ച് ആദ്യമായി <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D" title="വെടിമരുന്ന്">വെടിമരുന്ന്</a> ഉപയോഗിച്ചതും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വടക്കുനോക്കിയന്ത്രം">വടക്കുനോക്കിയന്ത്രം</a> ഉപയോഗിച്ച് യഥാർത്ഥ ഉത്തരദിക്ക് കണ്ടെത്തിയതും ഇവർ തന്നെ. ഇവർക്ക് ശേഷം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="യുവാൻ രാജവംശം">യുവാൻ രാജവംശം</a> അധികാരത്തിൽ വന്നു. </p><p>സോങ് രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ കാലത്തെ ഉത്തര സോങ് കാലമെന്നും ദക്ഷിണ സോങ് കാലമെന്നും രണ്ടായി തിരിക്കുന്നു. ഉത്തര സോങ്(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ചൈനീസ്">ചൈനീസ്</a>: 北宋; 960–1127) കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ ഇവരുടെ തലസ്ഥാനം വടക്കു ദിക്കിലെ ബിയാഞ്ചിങ് അഥവാ ഇന്നത്തെ കൈഫെങ് ആയിരുന്നു. അക്കാലത്ത് ഇന്നത്തെ കിഴക്കൻ ചൈനയുടെ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ഇവരുടെ നിയന്ത്രണത്തിലായിരുന്നു. ദക്ഷിണ സോങ്(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ചൈനീസ്">ചൈനീസ്</a> (Chinese: 南宋; 1127–1279)കാലം <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ജിൻ രാജവംശം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ജിൻ രാജവംശവും</a> സോങ് രാജവംശവുമായുണ്ടായ യുദ്ധങ്ങളിൽ(ജിൻ-സോങ് യുദ്ധങ്ങൾ) സോങ് രാജവംശത്തിന് രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ വടക്കു ഭാഗത്തിന്റെ നിയന്ത്രണം നഷ്ട്ടപെട്ടതിന് ശേഷമുള്ള കാലമാണ്. ഈ സമയം സോങ് സഭ തെക്കു ഭാഗത്തെ യാങ്ങ്ടസിയിലേക്കും തലസ്ഥാനം ലിൻ`ആനിലേക്കും(ഇന്നത്തെ ഹാങ്ങ്ഷൂ) മാറി. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="മഞ്ഞ നദി">മഞ്ഞ നദിക്കരയിലെ</a> പരമ്പരാഗതമായി ചൈനീസ് സംസ്കാരത്തിന്റെ ജന്മഗൃഹം എന്ന് വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ നഷ്ടപെട്ടുവെങ്കിലും ഉയന്ന ജനസംഖ്യയും സമ്പുഷ്ടമായ കൃഷിഭൂമിയും കാരണം സോങ് രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ സാമ്പത്തിക നില സുരക്ഷിതമായിരുന്നു. തങ്ങളുടെ ജലാതിർത്തികളും കര അതിർത്തികളും സംരക്ഷിക്കാനായി സോങ് രാജവംശം നാവിക സേനയെ ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്തി. </p><p>ജിൻ രാജവംശത്തെ(പിന്നീട് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="മംഗോളിയ">മംഗോളിയരെയും</a>) തുരത്താനായി സോങ് രാജവംശം വെടിമരുന്ന് ഉപയോഗിച്ച് വിപ്ലവകരമായ രീതിയിൽ സൈനികാസൂത്രണം നടത്തി. 1234ൽ ജിൻ രാജവംശം മംഗോളിയർക്കു കീഴടങ്ങുകയും മംഗോളിയർ ഉത്തര ചൈനയുടെ നിയന്ത്രണം ഏറ്റെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഇവരും സോങ് രാജവംശവുമായുള്ള ബന്ധങ്ങളും വഷളായിരുന്നു. 1257ൽ മംഗോളിയരുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മഹാനായ ഖാൻ ആയ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="മോങ്‌കെ ഖാൻ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">മോങ്‌കെ ഖാൻ</a> ചോങ്ക്വിങ് പട്ടണം ഉപരോധിക്കുന്നതിനിടെ മരണമടഞ്ഞു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഇളയ സഹോദരനായ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="കുബ്ലൈ ഖാൻ">കുബ്ലൈ ഖാൻ</a> സ്വയം പുതിയ മഹാനായ ഖാൻ ആയി സ്ഥാനമേൽറ്റു. 1271ൽ കുബ്ലൈ ഖാൻ ചൈനയുടെ ചക്രവർത്തിയായി സ്വയം പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERossabi1988115_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERossabi1988115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1279ൽ മംഗോൾ സൈന്യം സോങ് രാജവംശത്തെ കീഴടക്കി. മംഗോൾ അധിനിവേശം യുവാൻ രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ കീഴിൽ ചൈന ഒരുമിക്കുന്നതിലേക്കു നയിച്ചു.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERossabi198876_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERossabi198876-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>സോങ് രാജവംശം നിലനിന്ന കാലത്തു ചൈനയിൽ മുഴുവൻ ഒരുമയുണ്ടാക്കി. ഏറ്റവും സമ്പന്നമായിരുന്നു രാജ്യമായിരുന്നു ഇവരുടേത്.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> പത്തും പതിനൊന്നും നൂറ്റാണ്ടുകളിൽ ജനസംഖ്യ ഇരട്ടിയായി. ഇതിനാൽ ഇവരുടെ ഉത്തര മേഖലയിലും മധ്യ മേഖലയിലും അരി ഉൽപ്പാദന വർധിച്ചു. തെക്കു കിസാക്കാന് ഏഷ്യയിൽനിന്നും തെക്കൻ ഏഷ്യയിൽ നിന്നുമുള്ള നേരത്തെ കൊയ്ത അരിയുടെ ഉപയോഗവും വർധിച്ചു.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbreyWalthallPalais2006156_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbreyWalthallPalais2006156-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrook199896_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrook199896-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഉത്തര സോങിലെ സെൻസസ് പ്രകാരം ഒരിക്കൽ ജന സംഖ്യാ അഞ്ചു കോടിയോളം രേഖപെടുത്തുകയുണ്ടായി. ഹാൻ,ടാൻ രാജവംശങ്ങളുടെ കാലത്തും ഏതാണ്ടിത്രയും ജനസംഖ്യ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. എങ്കിലും സോങ് രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ കാലത്തെ ജനസംഖ്യ പത്തു കോടിയോളം ആയിരുന്നുവെന്നും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="മിങ് രാജവംശം">മിങ് രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ</a> കാലമാകുമ്പോളേക്കും ഇത് ഇരുപത് കോടിയോളം ആയതായും പറയപ്പെടുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeeckPannellSmithHuang2007103–104_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeeckPannellSmithHuang2007103–104-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഇത് പഴയ ചൈനയിലെ സാമ്പത്തിക വിപ്ലവത്തിന് കാരണമാകുകയും ജനസംഖ്യ വർധനവും നഗരങ്ങളുടെയും ദേശീയ സമ്പത്തിന്റെയും വളർച്ച കാരണം കേന്ദ്ര സർക്കാർ സാമ്പത്തിക രംഗത്തെ നേരിട്ടുള്ള ഇടപാടുകളിൽ നിന്നും പിന്മാറുകയും ചെയ്തു. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123595">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaagepera1997493_1-3">1.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaagepera1997">Taagepera 1997</a>, പുറം. 493.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFTaagepera1997 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERossabi1988115-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERossabi1988115_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRossabi1988">Rossabi 1988</a>, പുറം. 115.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFRossabi1988 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERossabi198876-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERossabi198876_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRossabi1988">Rossabi 1988</a>, പുറം. 76.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFRossabi1988 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">McNeill, William H. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pursuitofpowerte00mcne"><i>The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force, and Society since A.D. 1000</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0226561577" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0226561577"><bdi>0226561577</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pursuit+of+Power%3A+Technology%2C+Armed+Force%2C+and+Society+since+A.D.+1000&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0226561577&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpursuitofpowerte00mcne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydcnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&dq=richest,+most+skilled,+and+most+populous&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HVjFVLO1JNDksASKroHACg&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=richest%2C%20most%20skilled%2C%20and%20most%20populous&f=false">p. 50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbreyWalthallPalais2006156-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbreyWalthallPalais2006156_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEbreyWalthallPalais2006">Ebrey, Walthall & Palais 2006</a>, പുറം. 156.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFEbreyWalthallPalais2006 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrook199896-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrook199896_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrook1998">Brook 1998</a>, പുറം. 96.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrook1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeeckPannellSmithHuang2007103–104-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeeckPannellSmithHuang2007103–104_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeeckPannellSmithHuang2007">Veeck et al. 2007</a>, പുറങ്ങൾ. 103–104.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFVeeckPannellSmithHuang2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള_കണ്ണികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B3_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">During the reign of the Song dynasty the world population grew from about 250 million to approximately 330 million. Please also see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_demography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval demography (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Medieval demography</a>.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=സോങ്_രാജവംശം&oldid=3778306">https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=സോങ്_രാജവംശം&oldid=3778306</a>" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകം:വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ">വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Former_country_articles_categorised_by_government_type&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Former country articles categorised by government type (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Former country articles categorised by 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