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lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Hedjet</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <span lang="egy" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><b>𓌉𓏏𓋑</b></span></span></span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Egyptian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A5%E1%B8%8Ft#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:ḥḏt">ḥḏt</a></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'White One') is the White Crown of <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>. After the unification of <a href="/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Egypt" title="Upper and Lower Egypt">Upper and Lower Egypt</a>, it was combined with the <a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a>, the Red Crown of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>, to form the <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a>, the double crown of Egypt. The symbol sometimes used for the White Crown was the vulture goddess <a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a> shown next to the head of the cobra goddess <a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">uraeus</a> on the Pschent.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: Gray; color: white">Hedjet</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:White_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/White_crown.svg/220px-White_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="445" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/White_crown.svg/330px-White_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/White_crown.svg/440px-White_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="368"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hedjet, the white crown of Upper Egypt</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: Gray; color: white">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient</a> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S1.png?2354b" height="36" title="S1" alt="S1"></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: navajowhite; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid peru; padding: 0.5em">Hedjet<br><i>ḥḏt</i><br>in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hedjet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3944" data-file-height="7192"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 310px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="310" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif/lossy-page1-255px-Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif/lossy-page1-340px-Testa_di_una_statua_reale_1_STX7627-HDR-Modifica.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Head of a royal statue wearing the White Crown. Between 1493 and 1482 BC, <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>, from the Karnak precinct of Amun-Ra. <a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Museo Egizio</a>, Turin.</figcaption></figure> <p>The white crown, along with the red crown, has a long history with each of their respective representations going back into the <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt#Predynastic_period" title="History of ancient Egypt">Predynastic Period</a>, indicating that kingship had been the base of Egyptian society for some time. The earliest image of the hedjet was thought to have been in the <a href="/wiki/Qustul" title="Qustul">Qustul</a> in Nubia. According to Jane Roy, "At the time of Williams’ argument, the Qustul cemetery and the ‘royal’ iconography found there was dated to the Naqada IIIA period, thus antedating royal cemeteries in Egypt of the Naqada IIIB phase. New evidence from Abydos, however, particularly the excavation of Cemetery U and the tomb U-j, dating to Naqada IIIA has shown that this iconography appears earlier in Egypt".<sup id="cite_ref-Roy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frank_Yurco" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Yurco">Frank Yurco</a> stated that depictions of pharaonic iconography such as the royal crowns, Horus falcons and victory scenes were concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Naqada_culture" title="Naqada culture">Naqada culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/A-Group_culture" title="A-Group culture">A-Group Nubia</a>. He further elaborated that "Egyptian writing arose in Naqadan Upper Egypt and A-Group Nubia, and not in the Delta cultures, where the direct <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asian</a> contact was made, which further vitiates the Mesopotamian-influence argument".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/David_Wengrow" title="David Wengrow">David Wengrow</a>, the A-Group polity of the late 4th millenninum BCE is poorly understood since most of the archaeological remains are submerged underneath Lake Nasser.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stan Hendrick, <a href="/wiki/John_Coleman_Darnell" title="John Coleman Darnell">John Coleman Darnell</a> and Maria Gatto in 2012 excavated petroglyphic engravings from Nag el-Hamdulab in Aswan, the extreme southern region of Egypt that borders the Sudan, which featured representations of boat procession, solar symbolism and the earliest depiction of the white crown with an estimated dating range between 3200BC and 3100BC.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a>, the tutelary goddess of Nekhebet (modern el Kab) near Hierakonpolis, was depicted as a woman, sometimes with the head of a vulture, wearing the white crown.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The falcon god <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hierakonpolis" title="Hierakonpolis">Hierakonpolis</a> (Egyptian: Nekhen) was generally shown wearing a white crown.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A famous depiction of the white crown is on the <a href="/wiki/Narmer_palette" class="mw-redirect" title="Narmer palette">Narmer palette</a> found at Hierakonpolis in which the king of the South wearing the <i>hedjet</i> is shown triumphing over his northern enemies. The kings of the united Egypt saw themselves as successors of Horus. Vases from the reign of Khasekhemwy show the king as Horus wearing the white crown.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with the <a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">deshret</a> (red crown), no example of the white crown has been found. It is unknown how it was constructed and what materials were used. <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felt</a> or leather have been suggested, but this is purely speculative. Like the deshret, the hedjet may have been woven like a basket from plant fiber such as grass, straw, flax, palm leaf, or reed. The fact that no crown has ever been found, even in relatively intact royal tombs such as that of <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>, suggests the crowns may have been passed from one monarch to the next, much as in present-day monarchies. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Dynastic usage of the white crown: the Narmer palette of Pharaoh Narmer"><noscript><img alt="Early Dynastic usage of the white crown: the Narmer palette of Pharaoh Narmer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png/120px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="1518"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 98px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png/120px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png" data-alt="Early Dynastic usage of the white crown: the Narmer palette of Pharaoh Narmer" data-width="120" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png/180px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png/240px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Dynastic Period of Egypt">Early Dynastic</a> usage of the white crown: the <a href="/wiki/Narmer_palette" class="mw-redirect" title="Narmer palette">Narmer palette</a> of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louvre_032008_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Small bronze statuary usage with the hedjet, white crown"><noscript><img alt="Small bronze statuary usage with the hedjet, white crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Louvre_032008_23.jpg/90px-Louvre_032008_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Louvre_032008_23.jpg/90px-Louvre_032008_23.jpg" data-alt="Small bronze statuary usage with the hedjet, white crown" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Louvre_032008_23.jpg/135px-Louvre_032008_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Louvre_032008_23.jpg/180px-Louvre_032008_23.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Small bronze statuary usage with the hedjet, white crown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty,_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze statuette of a Kushite king wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt; 25th Dynasty, 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin"><noscript><img alt="Bronze statuette of a Kushite king wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt; 25th Dynasty, 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg/89px-Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2943" data-file-height="3958"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 89px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg/89px-Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg" data-alt="Bronze statuette of a Kushite king wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt; 25th Dynasty, 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin" data-width="89" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg/134px-Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg/178px-Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Upper_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze statuette of a Kushite king wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt; 25th Dynasty, 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mentuhotep_II_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painted relief of Mentuhotep II from his mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri; 11th Dynasty, c. 2060–2009 BCE"><noscript><img alt="Painted relief of Mentuhotep II from his mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri; 11th Dynasty, c. 2060–2009 BCE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg/107px-Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1308"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 107px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg/107px-Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg" data-alt="Painted relief of Mentuhotep II from his mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri; 11th Dynasty, c. 2060–2009 BCE" data-width="107" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg/160px-Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg/214px-Mentuhotep_II_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painted relief of <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a> from his mortuary temple at <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahri</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">11th Dynasty</a>, c. 2060–2009 BCE </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A couple of statuettes which represent a Middle Kingdom pharaoh as King of Upper Egypt (left, with the white crown) and King of Lower Egypt (right, with the red crown); wood, from el-Lisht, 12th dynasty, Middle Kingdom (Egyptian Museum, main floor, room 22, JE44951)"><noscript><img alt="A couple of statuettes which represent a Middle Kingdom pharaoh as King of Upper Egypt (left, with the white crown) and King of Lower Egypt (right, with the red crown); wood, from el-Lisht, 12th dynasty, Middle Kingdom (Egyptian Museum, main floor, room 22, JE44951)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg/80px-Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="1315"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg/80px-Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg" data-alt="A couple of statuettes which represent a Middle Kingdom pharaoh as King of Upper Egypt (left, with the white crown) and King of Lower Egypt (right, with the red crown); wood, from el-Lisht, 12th dynasty, Middle Kingdom (Egyptian Museum, main floor, room 22, JE44951)" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg/120px-Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg/160px-Statuettes_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A couple of statuettes which represent a Middle Kingdom pharaoh as King of Upper Egypt (left, with the white crown) and King of Lower Egypt (right, with the red crown); wood, from el-Lisht, 12th dynasty, Middle Kingdom (Egyptian Museum, main floor, room 22, JE44951)</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hedjet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:white_crown" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:white crown">white crown</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a> – hedjet crown with feathers identified with <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a> – blue or war crown also called royal crown</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hedjet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Maurice Hocart, <i>The Life-Giving Myth</i>, Routledge 2004, p.209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roy_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoy2011" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Jane (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9En6tzUJCXkC&dq=white+crown+incense+burner+from+Cemetery+at+Qustul&pg=PA215"><i>The Politics of Trade:Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC</i></a>. Brill. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004196117" title="Special:BookSources/9789004196117"><bdi>9789004196117</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Trade%3AEgypt+and+Lower+Nubia+in+the+4th+Millennium+BC&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011-02&rft.isbn=9789004196117&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9En6tzUJCXkC%26dq%3Dwhite%2Bcrown%2Bincense%2Bburner%2Bfrom%2BCemetery%2Bat%2BQustul%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHedjet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_J.Yurco1996" class="citation book cs1">Frank J.Yurco (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CpdDAQAAIAAJ&q=crowns"><i>"The Origin and Development of Ancient Nile Valley Writing," in Egypt in Africa, Theodore Celenko (ed)</i></a>. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Museum of Art. pp. 34–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-936260-64-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-936260-64-5"><bdi>0-936260-64-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Origin+and+Development+of+Ancient+Nile+Valley+Writing%2C%22+in+Egypt+in+Africa%2C+Theodore+Celenko+%28ed%29.&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+Ind.&rft.pages=34-35&rft.pub=Indianapolis+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-936260-64-5&rft.au=Frank+J.Yurco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCpdDAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dcrowns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHedjet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWengrow2023" class="citation book cs1">Wengrow, David (2023). <i>"Ancient Egypt and Nubian: Kings of Flood and Kings of Rain" in Great Kingdoms of Africa, John Parker (eds)</i>. [S.l.]: THAMES & HUDSON. pp. 1–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500252529" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500252529"><bdi>978-0500252529</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Ancient+Egypt+and+Nubian%3A+Kings+of+Flood+and+Kings+of+Rain%22+in+Great+Kingdoms+of+Africa%2C+John+Parker+%28eds%29&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pages=1-40&rft.pub=THAMES+%26+HUDSON&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0500252529&rft.aulast=Wengrow&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHedjet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendrickxDarnellGatto2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hendrickx, Stan; <a href="/wiki/John_Coleman_Darnell" title="John Coleman Darnell">Darnell, John Coleman</a>; Gatto, Maria Carmela (December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/abs/earliest-representations-of-royal-power-in-egypt-the-rock-drawings-of-nag-elhamdulab-aswan/5DB2326AD5659EF652D1F77C2B713729">"The earliest representations of royal power in Egypt: the rock drawings of Nag el-Hamdulab (Aswan)"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>86</b> (334): 1068–1083. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00048250">10.1017/S0003598X00048250</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-598X">0003-598X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53631029">53631029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+earliest+representations+of+royal+power+in+Egypt%3A+the+rock+drawings+of+Nag+el-Hamdulab+%28Aswan%29&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=334&rft.pages=1068-1083&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53631029%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-598X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00048250&rft.aulast=Hendrickx&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft.au=Darnell%2C+John+Coleman&rft.au=Gatto%2C+Maria+Carmela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fantiquity%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fearliest-representations-of-royal-power-in-egypt-the-rock-drawings-of-nag-elhamdulab-aswan%2F5DB2326AD5659EF652D1F77C2B713729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHedjet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cherine Badawi, <i>Egypt</i>, 2004, p.550</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby A. H. Wilkinson, <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>, Routledge 1999, p.285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jill Kamil, <i>The Ancient Egyptians: Life in the Old Kingdom</i>, American Univ in Cairo Press 1996, p.61</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hedjet&oldid=1255512344">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hedjet&oldid=1255512344</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Hedjet&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Citation bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730796007"> <span>Last edited on 5 November 2024, at 08:40</span> </span> <span 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Хеджет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хеджет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hed%C5%BEet" title="Hedžet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hedžet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe_Krone_des_S%C3%BCdens" title="Weiße Krone des Südens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weiße Krone des Südens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hedjet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DA%86%D8%AA" title="هچت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هچت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hedjet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hedjet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hedjet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hed%C5%BCet" title="Hedżet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hedżet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjete" title="Hedjete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hedjete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Хеджет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хеджет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hedjet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hed%C5%BEet" title="Hedžet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hedžet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hed%C5%BEet" title="Hedžet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hedžet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hedjet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%95" title="เฮดเจต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฮดเจต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Хеджет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хеджет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hedjet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 November 2024, at 08:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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