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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fortescue_(Jurist)" title="John Fortescue (Jurist) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Fortescue (Jurist)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fortescue" title="John Fortescue – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Fortescue" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fortescue_(juge)" title="John Fortescue (juge) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Fortescue (juge)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fortescue" title="John Fortescue – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Fortescue" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Fortescue" title="Ioannes Fortescue – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Fortescue" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="جون فورتسكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون فورتسكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC" title="ジョン・フォーテスキュー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・フォーテスキュー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8E,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фортескью, Джон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фортескью, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fortescue" title="John Fortescue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Fortescue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fortescue_(domare)" title="John Fortescue (domare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Fortescue (domare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%27%D1%8E" title="Джон Фортеск'ю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Фортеск'ю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John Fortescue (disambiguation)">John Fortescue (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;">Sir</div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John Fortescue</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(cropped)_-_chief_justice_attire.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_%28cropped%29_-_chief_justice_attire.JPG/220px-Court_of_King%27s_Bench_%28cropped%29_-_chief_justice_attire.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="488" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_%28cropped%29_-_chief_justice_attire.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="679" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Depiction of a Chief Justice of the King's Bench contemporary to Fortescue's term in office</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Chief Justice of the King's Bench</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 January 1442 – <a href="/wiki/Easter_term" title="Easter term">Easter term</a> 1460</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hody" title="John Hody">John Hody</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Markham_(judge)" title="John Markham (judge)">John Markham</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1394<br />Norris, North Huish, <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1479 (aged 84–85)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">St. Eadburgha's Church, <a href="/wiki/Ebrington" title="Ebrington">Ebrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>, England<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=John_Fortescue_(judge)&params=52_3_28.98_N_1_44_0.92_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°3′28.98″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°44′0.92″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.0580500°N 1.7335889°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.0580500; -1.7335889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortescue_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fortescue_arms.svg/200px-Fortescue_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fortescue_arms.svg/300px-Fortescue_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fortescue_arms.svg/400px-Fortescue_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Fortescue: <i>Azure, a bend <a href="/wiki/Line_(heraldry)#Engrailed_and_invected" title="Line (heraldry)">engrailed</a> argent plain <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)#Cottise_and_cottising" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">cottised</a> Or</i>. Motto: "Forte Scutum Salus Ducum" ("A Strong Shield is the Salvation of Leaders")<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg/220px-Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg/330px-Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg/440px-Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A drawing of Fortescue in anachronistic 17th-century dress with an oversized <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm" title="Great Seal of the Realm">Great Seal of England</a>, from the Legal Portrait Collection of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School Library</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sir John Fortescue</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1394 – December 1479), of <a href="/wiki/Ebrington_Manor" title="Ebrington Manor">Ebrington</a> in Gloucestershire, was <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Chief Justice of the King's Bench</a> and was the author of <i>De Laudibus Legum Angliae</i> (<i>Commendation of the Laws of England</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first published posthumously <i>circa</i> 1543, an influential treatise on <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a>. In the course of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>'s reign, Fortescue was appointed one of the governors of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a> three times and served as a Member of Parliament from 1421 to 1437.<sup id="cite_ref-parliament_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parliament-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became one of the <a href="/wiki/Serjeant-at-law#King's_Serjeants" title="Serjeant-at-law">King's Serjeants</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Easter_term" title="Easter term">Easter term</a> of 1441, and subsequently served as Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 25 January 1442 to Easter term 1460.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HOP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Viv_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, Henry VI was deposed in 1461 by Edward of York, who ascended the throne as <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>. Henry and his queen, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a>, later fled to Scotland. Fortescue remained loyal to Henry, and as a result was <a href="/wiki/Attainder" title="Attainder">attainted</a> of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>. He is believed to have been given the nominal title of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Chancellor of England</a> during Henry's exile. He accompanied Queen Margaret and her court while they remained on the Continent<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between 1463 and 1471, and wrote <i>De Laudibus Legum Angliae</i> for the instruction of young Prince <a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward of Westminster">Edward</a>. After the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a>, he submitted to Edward IV who reversed his attainder in October 1471. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born about 1397, he was the second son of <a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_(lawyer_and_adminstrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fortescue (lawyer and adminstrator)">John Fortescue</a> and his first wife Clarice. His elder brother was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fortescue_(Lord_Chief_Justice)" title="Henry Fortescue (Lord Chief Justice)">Henry Fortescue</a>. The earliest surviving record of the Fortescue family relates to their manor of <a href="/wiki/Whympston,_Modbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Whympston, Modbury">Whympston</a> in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Modbury" title="Modbury">Modbury</a>, Devon.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> favoured by many Devonshire gentry families. He was elected as a Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Tavistock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tavistock (UK Parliament constituency)">Tavistock</a> (1421 to 1425), <a href="/wiki/Totnes_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Totnes (UK Parliament constituency)">Totnes</a> (1426 and 1432), <a href="/wiki/Plympton_Erle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Plympton Erle (UK Parliament constituency)">Plympton Erle</a> (1429) and <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wiltshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Wiltshire</a> (1437).<sup id="cite_ref-parliament_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parliament-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>, Fortescue was thrice appointed one of the governors of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Easter_term" title="Easter term">Easter term</a> of 1441 he was made one of the <a href="/wiki/Serjeant-at-law#King's_Serjeants" title="Serjeant-at-law">King's Serjeants</a>, and on 25 January in the following year <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Chief Justice of the King's Bench</a>, a position he held till Easter term 1460.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a judge Fortescue was recommended for his wisdom, gravity and uprightness, and he is said to have been favoured by the king.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He held his office during the remainder of the reign of Henry VI, to whom he was loyal; as a result, he was <a href="/wiki/Attainder" title="Attainder">attainted</a> of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> in the first parliament of <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>. When Henry subsequently fled to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, he is supposed to have appointed Fortescue, who appears to have accompanied him in his flight, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Chancellor of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fortescue referred to himself in this manner on the title page of <i>De Laudibus Legum Angliae</i>, but as the King did not possess the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm" title="Great Seal of the Realm">Great Seal of England</a> during his exile it has been suggested that the title was "nominal" and "merely illusory".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1463 Fortescue accompanied <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Queen Margaret</a> and her court in their exile on the Continent, and returned with them to England in 1471. During their exile he wrote for the instruction of the young Prince <a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward of Westminster">Edward</a> his celebrated work <i>De laudibus legum Angliæ</i><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Commendation of the Laws of England</i>, first published posthumously around 1543),<sup id="cite_ref-Prenobilis_militis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prenobilis_militis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he made the first expression of what would later become known as <a href="/wiki/Blackstone%27s_formulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackstone's formulation">Blackstone's formulation</a>, stating that "one would much rather that twenty guilty persons should escape the punishment of death, than that one innocent person should be condemned, and suffer capitally". On the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancastrian</a> party he made his submission to Edward IV, who reversed his attainder on 13 October 1471.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1423 he was married to Elizabeth Bright, daughter of Robert Bright from <a href="/wiki/Doddiscombsleigh" title="Doddiscombsleigh">Doddiscombsleigh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, but in 1426 she died without coming into her inheritance and without children. By 1436 he was married to Isabella James, daughter and heiress of John James who held land at <a href="/wiki/Norton_St_Philip" title="Norton St Philip">Norton St Philip</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a> as well as in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, and they had three known children:<sup id="cite_ref-HOP_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Viv_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Martin Fortescue, born about 1430 and died 1472, who in 1454 married Elizabeth Denzill, daughter and heiress of Richard Denzill, landholder at <a href="/wiki/Filleigh" title="Filleigh">Filleigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weare_Giffard" title="Weare Giffard">Weare Giffard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckland_Filleigh" title="Buckland Filleigh">Buckland Filleigh</a> and other places in Devon. <sup id="cite_ref-Viv_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elizabeth Fortescue, who in 1455 married Edward Whalesborough.<sup id="cite_ref-Viv_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maud Fortescue, who in 1456 married Robert Corbet.<sup id="cite_ref-Viv_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Effigy_of_Lord_Chief_Justice_Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Effigy_of_Lord_Chief_Justice_Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg/280px-Effigy_of_Lord_Chief_Justice_Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Effigy_of_Lord_Chief_Justice_Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg/420px-Effigy_of_Lord_Chief_Justice_Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Effigy_of_Lord_Chief_Justice_Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg/560px-Effigy_of_Lord_Chief_Justice_Sir_John_Fortescue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2507" data-file-height="1508" /></a><figcaption>Monument with recumbent painted effigy of Sir John Fortescue in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Eadburga,_Ebrington" title="Church of St Eadburga, Ebrington">Church of St Eadburga, Ebrington</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The exact date of Fortescue's death is not known, but is believed to be shortly before 18 December 1479.<sup id="cite_ref-parliament_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parliament-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Eadburga,_Ebrington" title="Church of St Eadburga, Ebrington">Church of St Eadburga, Ebrington</a> in Gloucestershire, in the manor he had purchased, and after which his descendants took the name of their title <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Ebrington" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Ebrington">Viscount Ebrington</a>, today used as the courtesy title of the eldest son and heir of <a href="/wiki/Earl_Fortescue" title="Earl Fortescue">Earl Fortescue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A painted stone effigy of John Fortescue, wearing his scarlet robes of office with collar of ermine, exists within the church, against the north wall of the chancel within the communion rails.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Above it was erected in 1677 by Col. Robert Fortescue (1617–1677) (eight times his descendant and the second son of Hugh Fortescue (1593–1663) of <a href="/wiki/Filleigh" title="Filleigh">Filleigh</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a mural monument with a biographical inscription in Latin. A smaller tablet is affixed below stating that the monument was repaired in 1765 by Matthew Fortescue, 2nd Baron Fortescue. A brass plate below states: "Restored by the Rt Honble. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Fortescue,_3rd_Earl_Fortescue" title="Hugh Fortescue, 3rd Earl Fortescue">Hugh, 3rd Earl Fortescue</a>, AD 1861".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Fortescue's description of England's mixed monarchy as a <i>dominium politicum et regale</i> (a political and regal kingdom) has been profoundly influential in the history of British constitutional thought. During the 20th century, the earlier portrayal of Fortescue as a constitutionalist has come under pressure from legal and constitutional historians.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars of literature have taken an interest in Fortescue's contribution to the development of English prose,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in his role as a Lancastrian writer.<sup id="cite_ref-Strohm_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strohm-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, Fortescue's constitutional thought has been reassessed and his Lancastrian affiliation has been challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-Sobecki_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sobecki-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To this day the John Fortescue Society is joined by students of law at <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Fortescue,_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_(1st_ed,_1616,_title_page).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/John_Fortescue%2C_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_%281st_ed%2C_1616%2C_title_page%29.jpg/170px-John_Fortescue%2C_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_%281st_ed%2C_1616%2C_title_page%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/John_Fortescue%2C_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_%281st_ed%2C_1616%2C_title_page%29.jpg/255px-John_Fortescue%2C_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_%281st_ed%2C_1616%2C_title_page%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/John_Fortescue%2C_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_%281st_ed%2C_1616%2C_title_page%29.jpg/340px-John_Fortescue%2C_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_%281st_ed%2C_1616%2C_title_page%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="3255" /></a><figcaption>The title page of Fortescue's <i>De laudibus legum Angliæ</i> (<i>In Commendation of the Laws of England</i>, 1616 edition)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Fortescue's most significant works were composed in Scotland and France, where the Lancastrian party had taken refuge, between 1463 and 1471. Taken together, <i>Opusculum de natura legis naturæ et de ejus censura in successione regnorum suprema</i> (<i>A Small Work on the Nature of the Law of Nature, and on its Judgment on the Succession to Supreme Office in Kingdoms</i>, c. 1463),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>De laudibus legum Angliæ</i> (1468–1471), and a work written in English around 1471 which was later published as <i><a href="/wiki/File:John_Fortescue,_The_Difference_between_an_Absolute_and_Limited_Monarchy_(1st_ed,_1714).pdf" title="File:John Fortescue, The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy (1st ed, 1714).pdf">The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy</a></i> (1714)<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <i><a href="/wiki/File:John_Fortescue,_The_Governance_of_England_(Plummer_ed,_1885).pdf" title="File:John Fortescue, The Governance of England (Plummer ed, 1885).pdf">The Governance of England</a></i> (1885), provide the first discussion of the political and conceptual underpinnings of the common law, besides commenting on England's constitutional framework.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His works, in particular the masterly vindication of the laws of England <i>De laudibus legum Angliæ</i>, circulated in manuscript in late medieval England and were cited by the leading thinkers of the early Tudor period, among them the printer and playwright <a href="/wiki/John_Rastell" title="John Rastell">John Rastell</a> and the lawyer <a href="/wiki/Christopher_St._Germain" title="Christopher St. Germain">Christopher St. Germain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sobecki_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sobecki-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>De laudibus legum Angliae</i> did not appear in print until about 1543 in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> as <i>Prenobilis militis, cognomento Forescu </i>[sic]<i>, qui temporibus Henrici sexti floruit, de politica administratione, et legibus ciuilibus florentissimi regni Anglie, commentarius</i> (<i>Commentary on Political Administration and on the Civil Laws of the Most Flourishing Kingdom of England, of the Very Noble Knight, surnamed Forescu </i>[sic]<i>, who Flourished during the Reign of Henry VI</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Prenobilis_militis_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prenobilis_militis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently reprinted many times under different titles. </p><p><i>The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on Fortescue's c. 1471 manuscript, was published in 1714 by a descendant, <a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_Aland,_1st_Baron_Fortescue_of_Credan" title="John Fortescue Aland, 1st Baron Fortescue of Credan">John Fortescue Aland</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_library" title="Cotton library">Cotton library</a> there is a manuscript of this work, and its title indicates that it was addressed to Henry VI. However, many passages show plainly that it was written in favour of Edward IV. A revised edition of this work, with a historical and biographical introduction, was published in 1885 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Plummer" title="Charles Plummer">Charles Plummer</a> under the title <i>The Governance of England</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fortescue also wrote a number of mostly topical works that addressed the political conflict during the Wars of the Roses. Among the surviving works are the pamphlets <i>De titulo Edwardi comitis Marchiæ</i> (<i>The Title of Edward, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_March" title="Earl of March">Earl of March</a></i>), <i>Of the Title of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a></i>, <i>Defensio juris domus Lancastriæ</i> (<i>Defence of the Rights of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></i>), <i>Replication ageinste the Clayme</i>, and <i>Title of the Duke of Yorke for the Crownes of England and France</i>, as well as the treatise <i>Opusculum de natura legis naturæ et de ejus censura in successione regnorum suprema</i> already mentioned. Two further works, <i>Declaration upon Certayn Wrytinges Sent oute of Scotteland</i> and <i>Articles Sent to Warwick</i> have been discussed by recent scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-Strohm_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strohm-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of Fortescue's minor writings appear in <i><a href="//archive.org/details/worksofsirjohnfo01fort" class="extiw" title="iarchive:worksofsirjohnfo01fort">The Works of Sir John Fortescue</a></i>, published in 1869 for private circulation by another descendant, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fortescue,_1st_Baron_Clermont" title="Thomas Fortescue, 1st Baron Clermont">Thomas Fortescue, 1st Baron Clermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A list of Fortescue's printed works and selected later editions follows: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Fortescue,_A_Learned_Commendation_of_the_Politique_Lawes_of_Englande_(1st_English_ed,_1567,_title_page)_-_20140816.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/John_Fortescue%2C_A_Learned_Commendation_of_the_Politique_Lawes_of_Englande_%281st_English_ed%2C_1567%2C_title_page%29_-_20140816.jpg/170px-John_Fortescue%2C_A_Learned_Commendation_of_the_Politique_Lawes_of_Englande_%281st_English_ed%2C_1567%2C_title_page%29_-_20140816.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/John_Fortescue%2C_A_Learned_Commendation_of_the_Politique_Lawes_of_Englande_%281st_English_ed%2C_1567%2C_title_page%29_-_20140816.jpg/255px-John_Fortescue%2C_A_Learned_Commendation_of_the_Politique_Lawes_of_Englande_%281st_English_ed%2C_1567%2C_title_page%29_-_20140816.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/John_Fortescue%2C_A_Learned_Commendation_of_the_Politique_Lawes_of_Englande_%281st_English_ed%2C_1567%2C_title_page%29_-_20140816.jpg/340px-John_Fortescue%2C_A_Learned_Commendation_of_the_Politique_Lawes_of_Englande_%281st_English_ed%2C_1567%2C_title_page%29_-_20140816.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="1030" /></a><figcaption>The title page of the first English translation of Fortescue's <i>De laudibus legum Angliæ</i>, entitled <i>A Learned Commendation of the Politique Lawes of England</i> (1567)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFortescuec._1543" class="citation cs2">Fortescue, John (c. 1543), <i>Prenobilis militis, cognomento Forescu </i>[sic]<i>, qui temporibus Henrici sexti floruit, de politica administratione, et legibus ciuilibus florentissimi regni Anglie, commentarius [Commentary on Political Administration and on the Civil Laws of the Most Flourishing Kingdom of England, of the Very Noble Knight, surnamed Forescu </i>[sic]<i>, who Flourished during the Reign of Henry VI]</i>, London: tipis Edwardi Whitechurche, et veneunt in edibus Henrici Smyth bibliopole [printed by Edward Whitechurche, and are sold in the buildings of Henry Smith the bookseller], <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/606486248">606486248</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prenobilis+militis%2C+cognomento+Forescu+%5Bsic%5D%2C+qui+temporibus+Henrici+sexti+floruit%2C+de+politica+administratione%2C+et+legibus+ciuilibus+florentissimi+regni+Anglie%2C+commentarius+%5BCommentary+on+Political+Administration+and+on+the+Civil+Laws+of+the+Most+Flourishing+Kingdom+of+England%2C+of+the+Very+Noble+Knight%2C+surnamed+Forescu+%5Bsic%5D%2C+who+Flourished+during+the+Reign+of+Henry+VI%5D&rft.place=London&rft.pub=tipis+Edwardi+Whitechurche%2C+et+veneunt+in+edibus+Henrici+Smyth+bibliopole+%5Bprinted+by+Edward+Whitechurche%2C+and+are+sold+in+the+buildings+of+Henry+Smith+the+bookseller%5D&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F606486248&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>. Later editions: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1567" class="citation cs2">Fortescue, John (1567), <i>A Learned Commendation of the Politique Lawes of Englande: VVherin by moste Pitthy Reasons [and] Euident Demonstrations they are Plainelye Proued Farre to Excell aswell the Ciuile Lawes of the Empiere, as also all other Lawes of the World, with a Large Discourse of the Difference betwene the. ii. Gouernements of Kingdomes: Whereof the one is onely Regall, and the other Consisteth of Regall and Polityque Administration Conioyned. Written in Latine aboue an Hundred Yeares Past, by the Learned and Right Honorable Maister Fortescue Knight, Lorde Chauncellour of England in the Time of Kinge Henrye the. vi. And Newly Translated into Englishe by Robert Mulcaster</i>, Mulcaster, Robert, transl., London: Imprinted ... in <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fletestrete</a> within <a href="/wiki/Temple_Bar,_London" title="Temple Bar, London">Temple Barre</a>, at the signe of the hand and starre, by Rychard Tottill, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/837169265">837169265</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Learned+Commendation+of+the+Politique+Lawes+of+Englande%3A+VVherin+by+moste+Pitthy+Reasons+%5Band%5D+Euident+Demonstrations+they+are+Plainelye+Proued+Farre+to+Excell+aswell+the+Ciuile+Lawes+of+the+Empiere%2C+as+also+all+other+Lawes+of+the+World%2C+with+a+Large+Discourse+of+the+Difference+betwene+the.+ii.+Gouernements+of+Kingdomes%3A+Whereof+the+one+is+onely+Regall%2C+and+the+other+Consisteth+of+Regall+and+Polityque+Administration+Conioyned.+Written+in+Latine+aboue+an+Hundred+Yeares+Past%2C+by+the+Learned+and+Right+Honorable+Maister+Fortescue+Knight%2C+Lorde+Chauncellour+of+England+in+the+Time+of+Kinge+Henrye+the.+vi.+And+Newly+Translated+into+Englishe+by+Robert+Mulcaster&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Imprinted+...+in+Fletestrete+within+Temple+Barre%2C+at+the+signe+of+the+hand+and+starre%2C+by+Rychard+Tottill&rft.date=1567&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F837169265&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>. (According to the <a href="/wiki/English_Short_Title_Catalogue" title="English Short Title Catalogue">English Short Title Catalogue</a> (ESTC), further editions were issued under this title in 1573 and 1599.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Fortescue1616" class="citation cs2">John Fortescue (1616), <i><a href="/wiki/File:John_Fortescue,_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_(1st_ed,_1616).pdf" title="File:John Fortescue, De Laudibus Legum Angliae (1st ed, 1616).pdf">De laudibus legum Angliæ writen by Sir Iohn Fortescue L. Ch. Iustice, and after L. Chancellor to K. Henry VI. Hereto are ioind the two Summes of Sir Ralph de Hengham L. Ch. Iustice to K. Edward I. commonly calld Hengham magna, and Hengham parua. Neuer before publisht. Notes both on Fortescue and Hengham are added</a></i>, London: [Printed by Adam Islip?] for the Companie of Stationers, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/837172477">837172477</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+laudibus+legum+Angli%C3%A6+writen+by+Sir+Iohn+Fortescue+L.+Ch.+Iustice%2C+and+after+L.+Chancellor+to+K.+Henry+VI.+Hereto+are+ioind+the+two+Summes+of+Sir+Ralph+de+Hengham+L.+Ch.+Iustice+to+K.+Edward+I.+commonly+calld+Hengham+magna%2C+and+Hengham+parua.+Neuer+before+publisht.+Notes+both+on+Fortescue+and+Hengham+are+added&rft.place=London&rft.pub=%5BPrinted+by+Adam+Islip%3F%5D+for+the+Companie+of+Stationers&rft.date=1616&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F837172477&rft.au=John+Fortescue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>. (According to the ESTC, further editions were issued under this title in 1660, 1672, 1737, 1741 and 1775.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterhouse1663" class="citation cs2">Waterhouse, Edward (1663), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fortescutusillus00wateuoft"><i>Fortescutus Illustratus, or a Commentary on that Nervous Treatise De laudibus legum Angliæ, Written by Sir John Fortescue Knight, first Lord Chief Justice, after Lord Chancellour to King Henry the Sixth. Which Treatise, Dedicated to Prince Edward that King's Son and Heir (whom he Attended in his Retirement into France, and to whom he Loyally and Affectionately Imparted himself in the Virtue and Variety of his Excellent Discourse) Hee Purposely Wrote to Consolidate his Princely Minde in the Love and Approbation of the Good Lawes of England, and of the Laudable Customs of this Native Country. The Heroique Design of whose Excellent Judgement and Loyal Addiction to his Prince, is Humbly Endeavoured to be Revived, Admired, and Advanced</i></a>, London: Printed by Tho. Roycroft for Thomas Dicas [etc.], <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/830342279">830342279</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortescutus+Illustratus%2C+or+a+Commentary+on+that+Nervous+Treatise+De+laudibus+legum+Angli%C3%A6%2C+Written+by+Sir+John+Fortescue+Knight%2C+first+Lord+Chief+Justice%2C+after+Lord+Chancellour+to+King+Henry+the+Sixth.+Which+Treatise%2C+Dedicated+to+Prince+Edward+that+King%27s+Son+and+Heir+%28whom+he+Attended+in+his+Retirement+into+France%2C+and+to+whom+he+Loyally+and+Affectionately+Imparted+himself+in+the+Virtue+and+Variety+of+his+Excellent+Discourse%29+Hee+Purposely+Wrote+to+Consolidate+his+Princely+Minde+in+the+Love+and+Approbation+of+the+Good+Lawes+of+England%2C+and+of+the+Laudable+Customs+of+this+Native+Country.+The+Heroique+Design+of+whose+Excellent+Judgement+and+Loyal+Addiction+to+his+Prince%2C+is+Humbly+Endeavoured+to+be+Revived%2C+Admired%2C+and+Advanced&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Printed+by+Tho.+Roycroft+for+Thomas+Dicas+%5Betc.%5D&rft.date=1663&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F830342279&rft.aulast=Waterhouse&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffortescutusillus00wateuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1825" class="citation cs2">Fortescue, John (1825), <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Amos_(lawyer)" title="Andrew Amos (lawyer)">Amos, Andrew</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/delaudibusleguma00fortuoft"><i>De laudibus legum Angliæ: The Translation into English Published A.D. MDCCLXXV: The Original Latin Text, with Notes</i></a>, Cambridge: Printed by J. Smith, Printer to the University, for <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Butterworth" title="Joseph Butterworth">Joseph Butterworth</a> & Son [et al.], <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60724441">60724441</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+laudibus+legum+Angli%C3%A6%3A+The+Translation+into+English+Published+A.D.+MDCCLXXV%3A+The+Original+Latin+Text%2C+with+Notes&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Printed+by+J.+Smith%2C+Printer+to+the+University%2C+for+Joseph+Butterworth+%26+Son+%5Bet+al.%5D&rft.date=1825&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60724441&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fdelaudibusleguma00fortuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1917" class="citation cs2">Fortescue, John (1917), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021661909"><i>Sir John Fortescue's Commendation of the Laws of England: The Translation into English of "De laudibus legum Angliæ"</i></a>, Gregor, Francis, transl., London: <a href="/wiki/Sweet_%26_Maxwell" title="Sweet & Maxwell">Sweet and Maxwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60732964">60732964</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+John+Fortescue%27s+Commendation+of+the+Laws+of+England%3A+The+Translation+into+English+of+%22De+laudibus+legum+Angli%C3%A6%22&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sweet+and+Maxwell&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60732964&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924021661909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1714" class="citation cs2">Fortescue, John (1714), <a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_Aland,_1st_Baron_Fortescue_of_Credan" title="John Fortescue Aland, 1st Baron Fortescue of Credan">Aland, John Fortescue</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/differencebetwee00fortuoft"><i>The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy: As It More Particularly Regards the English Constitution. Being a Treatise Written by Sir John Fortescue, Kt. Lord Chief Justice, and Lord High Chancellor of England, under King Henry VI. Faithfully Transcribed from the MS. Copy in the Bodleian Library, and Collated with Three Other MSS. Publish'd with Some Remarks by John Fortescue-Aland, of the Inner-Temple, Esq; F.R.S.</i></a>, London: John Fortescue Aland; printed by W. Bowyer in <a href="/wiki/Whitefriars,_London" title="Whitefriars, London">White-Fryars</a>, for E. Parker at the Bible and Crown in <a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard-Street</a>, and T. Ward in the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner-Temple-Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/642421515">642421515</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Difference+between+an+Absolute+and+Limited+Monarchy%3A+As+It+More+Particularly+Regards+the+English+Constitution.+Being+a+Treatise+Written+by+Sir+John+Fortescue%2C+Kt.+Lord+Chief+Justice%2C+and+Lord+High+Chancellor+of+England%2C+under+King+Henry+VI.+Faithfully+Transcribed+from+the+MS.+Copy+in+the+Bodleian+Library%2C+and+Collated+with+Three+Other+MSS.+Publish%27d+with+Some+Remarks+by+John+Fortescue-Aland%2C+of+the+Inner-Temple%2C+Esq%3B+F.R.S.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Fortescue+Aland%3B+printed+by+W.+Bowyer+in+White-Fryars%2C+for+E.+Parker+at+the+Bible+and+Crown+in+Lombard-Street%2C+and+T.+Ward+in+the+Inner-Temple-Lane&rft.date=1714&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F642421515&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdifferencebetwee00fortuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>. (According to the ESTC, further editions were issued under this title in 1719 and 1724). <ul><li>Later editions: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1885" class="citation cs2">Fortescue, John (1885), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Plummer" title="Charles Plummer">Plummer, Charles</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governanceengla00fortgoog"><i>The Governance of England, otherwise Called the Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy</i></a>, Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/457292673">457292673</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governance+of+England%2C+otherwise+Called+the+Difference+between+an+Absolute+and+a+Limited+Monarchy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1885&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F457292673&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernanceengla00fortgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>. Digital versions of text are available online, including at The University of Michigan's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/aew3422.0001.001">Corpus of Middle English and Prose and Verse</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1869" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fortescue,_1st_Baron_Clermont" title="Thomas Fortescue, 1st Baron Clermont">Fortescue, Thomas</a> (1869), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksofsirjohnfo01fort"><i>The Works of Sir John Fortescue, Knight, Chief Justice of England and Lord Chancellor to King Henry the Sixth</i></a>, London: Printed for private distribution, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47732533">47732533</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Sir+John+Fortescue%2C+Knight%2C+Chief+Justice+of+England+and+Lord+Chancellor+to+King+Henry+the+Sixth&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Printed+for+private+distribution&rft.date=1869&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47732533&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworksofsirjohnfo01fort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>. [Photo reprints of the original Clermont text are now available, including an edition from The British Library, Historical Print Editions (2011): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1241522131" title="Special:BookSources/978-1241522131">978-1241522131</a>]</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Modern editions of Fortescue's major works: <ul><li>Fortescue, Sir John. (1942), <i>De Laudibus Legum Angliae</i>, Edited and translated by S. B. Chrimes, (2nd Edition: 2011). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, c[includes an extensive introduction along with Latin and English texts]</li> <li>Fortescue, Sir John. (1997), <i>On the Laws and Governance of England</i>. Edited by Shelly Lockwood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-58996-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-58996-7">0-521-58996-7</a>. [includes a new English translation of <i>De Laudibus Legum</i> <i>Angliae</i>, <i>The Governance of England</i> in modern English, and selected passages from the <i>Opusculum de natura legis naturæ</i> and lesser works]</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._W._Montague-Smith1968" class="citation cs2">P. W. Montague-Smith, ed. (1968), <i><a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage 1968: With Her Majesty's Royal Warrant Holders: Comprises Information Concerning the Peerage, Privy Councillors, Baronets, Knights, and Companions of Orders</a></i>, Surrey: <a href="/wiki/Kelly%27s_Directory" title="Kelly's Directory">Kelly's Directories</a>, p. 461, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8972816">8972816</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Peerage%2C+Baronetage%2C+Knightage+and+Companionage+1968%3A+With+Her+Majesty%27s+Royal+Warrant+Holders%3A+Comprises+Information+Concerning+the+Peerage%2C+Privy+Councillors%2C+Baronets%2C+Knights%2C+and+Companions+of+Orders&rft.place=Surrey&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Kelly%27s+Directories&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8972816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fortescue,_Sir_John_(lawyer)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fortescue, Sir John (lawyer)">Fortescue, Sir John</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 678.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fortescue%2C+Sir+John&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=678&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parliament-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-parliament_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parliament_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parliament_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/fortescue-john-1479">"FORTESCUE, John (d.1479), of Devon"</a>. <i>History of Parliament Online</i>. The History of Parliament Trust<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Parliament+Online&rft.atitle=FORTESCUE%2C+John+%28d.1479%29%2C+of+Devon.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofparliamentonline.org%2Fvolume%2F1386-1421%2Fmember%2Ffortescue-john-1479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._W._Ives2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">E. W. Ives (22 September 2005). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/9944">"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9944">10.1093/ref:odnb/9944</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-09-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9944&rft.au=E.+W.+Ives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOP-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HOP_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HOP_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.S._RoskellL._ClarkC.Rawcliffe1993" class="citation book cs1">J.S. Roskell; L. Clark; C.Rawcliffe, eds. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/fortescue-john-1479"><i>The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386-1421</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Parliament%3A+the+House+of+Commons+1386-1421&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoryofparliamentonline.org%2Fvolume%2F1386-1421%2Fmember%2Ffortescue-john-1479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Viv-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Viv_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viv_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viv_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viv_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viv_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Lambrick_Vivian1895" class="citation book cs1">John Lambrick Vivian, ed. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002002213917&view=1up&seq=367"><i>The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Herald's Visitations of 1531, 1564, & 1620</i></a>. Exeter: H. S. Eland. p. 353<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Visitations+of+the+County+of+Devon%3A+Comprising+the+Herald%27s+Visitations+of+1531%2C+1564%2C+%26+1620&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=H.+S.+Eland&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dyale.39002002213917%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Foss1851" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Foss" title="Edward Foss">Edward Foss</a> (1851), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgesenglandwi08fossgoog"><i>The Judges of England: With Sketches of their Lives, and Miscellaneous Notices Connected with the Courts at Westminster, from the Time of the Conquest</i></a>, vol. 4, London: <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans</a>, pp. 308–315 at 308–309, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23361486">23361486</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Judges+of+England%3A+With+Sketches+of+their+Lives%2C+and+Miscellaneous+Notices+Connected+with+the+Courts+at+Westminster%2C+from+the+Time+of+the+Conquest&rft.place=London&rft.pages=308-315+at+308-309&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+and+Longmans&rft.date=1851&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23361486&rft.au=Edward+Foss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjudgesenglandwi08fossgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss, pp. 309–310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss, pp. 310–312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prenobilis_militis-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prenobilis_militis_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prenobilis_militis_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Fortescuec._1543" class="citation cs2">John Fortescue (c. 1543), <i>Prenobilis militis, cognomento Forescu </i>[sic]<i>, qui temporibus Henrici sexti floruit, de politica administratione, et legibus ciuilibus florentissimi regni Anglie, commentarius [Commentary on Political Administration and on the Civil Laws of the Most Flourishing Kingdom of England, of the Very Noble Knight, surnamed Forescu </i>[sic]<i>, who Flourished during the Reign of Henry VI]</i>, London: tipis Edwardi Whitechurche, et veneunt in edibus Henrici Smyth bibliopole [printed by Edward Whitechurche, and are sold in the buildings of Henry Smith the bookseller], <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/606486248">606486248</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prenobilis+militis%2C+cognomento+Forescu+%5Bsic%5D%2C+qui+temporibus+Henrici+sexti+floruit%2C+de+politica+administratione%2C+et+legibus+ciuilibus+florentissimi+regni+Anglie%2C+commentarius+%5BCommentary+on+Political+Administration+and+on+the+Civil+Laws+of+the+Most+Flourishing+Kingdom+of+England%2C+of+the+Very+Noble+Knight%2C+surnamed+Forescu+%5Bsic%5D%2C+who+Flourished+during+the+Reign+of+Henry+VI%5D&rft.place=London&rft.pub=tipis+Edwardi+Whitechurche%2C+et+veneunt+in+edibus+Henrici+Smyth+bibliopole+%5Bprinted+by+Edward+Whitechurche%2C+and+are+sold+in+the+buildings+of+Henry+Smith+the+bookseller%5D&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F606486248&rft.au=John+Fortescue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss, pp. 313–314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514000313/http://fortescue.org/site/manor-houses/ebrington-manor-gloucestershire/">"See colour photos"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortescue.org/site/manor-houses/ebrington-manor-gloucestershire/">the original</a> on 14 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+colour+photos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortescue.org%2Fsite%2Fmanor-houses%2Febrington-manor-gloucestershire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_Mannooch_Welch1901" class="citation cs2">Anne Mannooch Welch (1901), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205204313/http://www2.glos.ac.uk/bgas/tbgas/v024/bg024193.pdf">"Sir John Fortescue, Buried at Ebrington Gloucestershire"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society</i>, <b>24</b>: 193–250, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.glos.ac.uk/bgas/tbgas/v024/bg024193.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 December 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Bristol+and+Gloucestershire+Archaeological+Society&rft.atitle=Sir+John+Fortescue%2C+Buried+at+Ebrington+Gloucestershire&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=193-250&rft.date=1901&rft.au=Anne+Mannooch+Welch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.glos.ac.uk%2Fbgas%2Ftbgas%2Fv024%2Fbg024193.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss, p. 314; a photograph can be seen at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/4531454568/">Painted stone effigy of Lord Chief Justice Sir John Fortescue c1478</a> on <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vivian, p. 355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For heraldry on this monument, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Were1902" class="citation cs2">F. Were (1902), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140421083931/http://www2.glos.ac.uk/bgas/tbgas/v025/bg025187.pdf">"Heraldry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Transactions of the Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society</i>, <b>25</b>: 187–211 at 200, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.glos.ac.uk/bgas/tbgas/v025/bg025187.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 April 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Bristol+%26+Gloucestershire+Archaeological+Society&rft.atitle=Heraldry&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=187-211+at+200&rft.date=1902&rft.au=F.+Were&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.glos.ac.uk%2Fbgas%2Ftbgas%2Fv025%2Fbg025187.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Howard_McIlwain1932" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard_McIlwain" title="Charles Howard McIlwain">Charles Howard McIlwain</a> (1932), <i>The Growth of Political Thought in the West: From the Greeks to the End of the Middle Ages</i>, New York, N.Y.: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>, p. 359, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/494805">494805</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+Political+Thought+in+the+West%3A+From+the+Greeks+to+the+End+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F494805&rft.au=Charles+Howard+McIlwain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._B._Chrimes1934" class="citation cs2">S. B. Chrimes (1934), "Sir John Fortescue and His Theory of Dominion", <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Historical_Society" title="Royal Historical Society">Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</a></i>, <b>17</b> (4th series): 117–147, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3678523">10.2307/3678523</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3678523">3678523</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155648025">155648025</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Sir+John+Fortescue+and+His+Theory+of+Dominion&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4th+series&rft.pages=117-147&rft.date=1934&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155648025%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3678523%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3678523&rft.au=S.+B.+Chrimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for instance, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Simpson2004" class="citation cs2">James Simpson (2004), "Reginald Peacock and John Fortescue", in A. S. G. Edwards (ed.), <i>A Companion to Middle English Prose</i>, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, pp. 271–287, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-018-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-018-3"><bdi>978-1-84384-018-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reginald+Peacock+and+John+Fortescue&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Middle+English+Prose&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=271-287&rft.pub=D.+S.+Brewer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84384-018-3&rft.au=James+Simpson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strohm-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strohm_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strohm_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Strohm2005" class="citation cs2">Paul Strohm (2005), <i>Politique: Languages of Statecraft between Chaucer and Shakespeare</i>, South Bend, Ind.: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_Press" title="University of Notre Dame Press">University of Notre Dame Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-268-04114-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-268-04114-4"><bdi>978-0-268-04114-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politique%3A+Languages+of+Statecraft+between+Chaucer+and+Shakespeare&rft.place=South+Bend%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-268-04114-4&rft.au=Paul+Strohm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sobecki-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sobecki_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sobecki_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebastian_Sobecki2015" class="citation cs2">Sebastian Sobecki (2015), <i>Unwritten Verities: The Making of England's Vernacular Legal Culture, 1463–1549</i>, Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-268-04145-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-268-04145-8"><bdi>978-0-268-04145-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unwritten+Verities%3A+The+Making+of+England%27s+Vernacular+Legal+Culture%2C+1463%E2%80%931549&rft.place=Notre+Dame%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-268-04145-8&rft.au=Sebastian+Sobecki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>, a study of Fortescue's influence on late medieval and early Tudor thought.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018153805/http://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/node/836"><i>John Fortescue Society Dinner</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a>, 2013, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/node/836">the original</a> on 18 October 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Fortescue+Society+Dinner&rft.pub=Exeter+College%2C+Oxford&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exeter.ox.ac.uk%2Fnode%2F836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_FortescueRalph_de_HenghamRobert_Mulcaster,_transl.1616" class="citation cs2">John Fortescue; <a href="/wiki/Ralph_de_Hengham" title="Ralph de Hengham">Ralph de Hengham</a>; Robert Mulcaster, transl. (1616), <a href="/wiki/John_Selden" title="John Selden">John Selden</a> (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/File:John_Fortescue,_De_Laudibus_Legum_Angliae_(1st_ed,_1616).pdf" title="File:John Fortescue, De Laudibus Legum Angliae (1st ed, 1616).pdf">De Laudibus Legum Angliæ Writen [<i>sic</i>] by Sir Iohn Fortescue L. Ch. Iustice, and after L. Chancellor to K. Henry VI. Hereto are Ioind the Two Summes of Sir Ralph de Hengham L. Ch. Iustice to K. Edward I. Commonly Calld Hengham Magna, and Hengham Parua. Neuer before Publisht. Notes both on Fortescue and Hengham are Added</a></i> (1st ed.), London: [Printed by Adam Islip?] for the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Stationers_and_Newspaper_Makers" title="Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers">Companie of Stationers</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/766455476">766455476</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Laudibus+Legum+Angli%C3%A6+Writen%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+by+Sir+Iohn+Fortescue+L.+Ch.+Iustice%2C+and+after+L.+Chancellor+to+K.+Henry+VI.+Hereto+are+Ioind+the+Two+Summes+of+Sir+Ralph+de+Hengham+L.+Ch.+Iustice+to+K.+Edward+I.+Commonly+Calld+Hengham+Magna%2C+and+Hengham+Parua.+Neuer+before+Publisht.+Notes+both+on+Fortescue+and+Hengham+are+Added&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%5BPrinted+by+Adam+Islip%3F%5D+for+the+Companie+of+Stationers&rft.date=1616&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F766455476&rft.au=John+Fortescue&rft.au=Ralph+de+Hengham&rft.au=Robert+Mulcaster%2C+transl.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Finnis2011" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Finnis" title="John Finnis">John Finnis</a> (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1lRFHEI6JQoC&pg=PA258"><i>Natural Law and Natural Rights</i></a> (2nd ed.), Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, p. 258, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959913-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959913-4"><bdi>978-0-19-959913-4</bdi></a>, <q>The full title of Fortescue's treatise on natural law is significant: <i>De Natura Legis Naturae et de ejus Censura in Successione Regnorum Suprema</i> ('On the nature of the law of nature, and on its judgment on the succession to supreme office in kingdoms').</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Law+and+Natural+Rights&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=258&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959913-4&rft.au=John+Finnis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1lRFHEI6JQoC%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sobecki, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Fortescue1714" class="citation cs2">John Fortescue (1714), <a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_Aland,_1st_Baron_Fortescue_of_Credan" title="John Fortescue Aland, 1st Baron Fortescue of Credan">John Fortescue Aland</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/differencebetwee00fortuoft"><i>The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy: As It More Particularly Regards the English Constitution. Being a Treatise Written by Sir John Fortescue, Kt. Lord Chief Justice, and Lord High Chancellor of England, under King Henry VI. Faithfully Transcribed from the MS. Copy in the Bodleian Library, and Collated with Three Other MSS. Publish'd with Some Remarks by John Fortescue-Aland, of the Inner-Temple, Esq; F.R.S.</i></a>, London: John Fortescue Aland; printed by W. Bowyer in <a href="/wiki/Whitefriars,_London" title="Whitefriars, London">White-Fryars</a>, for E. Parker at the Bible and Crown in <a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard-Street</a>, and T. Ward in the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner-Temple-Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/642421515">642421515</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Difference+between+an+Absolute+and+Limited+Monarchy%3A+As+It+More+Particularly+Regards+the+English+Constitution.+Being+a+Treatise+Written+by+Sir+John+Fortescue%2C+Kt.+Lord+Chief+Justice%2C+and+Lord+High+Chancellor+of+England%2C+under+King+Henry+VI.+Faithfully+Transcribed+from+the+MS.+Copy+in+the+Bodleian+Library%2C+and+Collated+with+Three+Other+MSS.+Publish%27d+with+Some+Remarks+by+John+Fortescue-Aland%2C+of+the+Inner-Temple%2C+Esq%3B+F.R.S.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Fortescue+Aland%3B+printed+by+W.+Bowyer+in+White-Fryars%2C+for+E.+Parker+at+the+Bible+and+Crown+in+Lombard-Street%2C+and+T.+Ward+in+the+Inner-Temple-Lane&rft.date=1714&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F642421515&rft.au=John+Fortescue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdifferencebetwee00fortuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Fortescue1885" class="citation cs2">John Fortescue (1885), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Plummer" title="Charles Plummer">Charles Plummer</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governanceengla00fortgoog"><i>The Governance of England, otherwise Called the Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy</i></a>, Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/457292673">457292673</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governance+of+England%2C+otherwise+Called+the+Difference+between+an+Absolute+and+a+Limited+Monarchy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1885&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F457292673&rft.au=John+Fortescue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernanceengla00fortgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sobecki, pp. 78–80 and 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Fortescue1869" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fortescue,_1st_Baron_Clermont" title="Thomas Fortescue, 1st Baron Clermont">Thomas Fortescue</a> (1869), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksofsirjohnfo01fort"><i>The Works of Sir John Fortescue, Knight, Chief Justice of England and Lord Chancellor to King Henry the Sixth</i></a>, London: Printed for private distribution, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47732533">47732533</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Sir+John+Fortescue%2C+Knight%2C+Chief+Justice+of+England+and+Lord+Chancellor+to+King+Henry+the+Sixth&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Printed+for+private+distribution&rft.date=1869&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47732533&rft.au=Thomas+Fortescue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworksofsirjohnfo01fort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1885" class="citation cs2">Fortescue, John (1885), "Introduction", in <a href="/wiki/Charles_Plummer" title="Charles Plummer">Plummer, Charles</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governanceengla00fortgoog"><i>The Governance of England, otherwise Called the Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy</i></a>, Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, pp. 1–105, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/457292673">457292673</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Governance+of+England%2C+otherwise+Called+the+Difference+between+an+Absolute+and+a+Limited+Monarchy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=1-105&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1885&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F457292673&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernanceengla00fortgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1869" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fortescue,_1st_Baron_Clermont" title="Thomas Fortescue, 1st Baron Clermont">Fortescue, Thomas</a> (1869), "Life of Sir John Fortescue", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksofsirjohnfo01fort"><i>The Works of Sir John Fortescue, Knight, Chief Justice of England and Lord Chancellor to King Henry the Sixth</i></a>, vol. 1, London: Printed for private distribution, pp. 1–55, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47732533">47732533</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Life+of+Sir+John+Fortescue&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Sir+John+Fortescue%2C+Knight%2C+Chief+Justice+of+England+and+Lord+Chancellor+to+King+Henry+the+Sixth&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1-55&rft.pub=Printed+for+private+distribution&rft.date=1869&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47732533&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworksofsirjohnfo01fort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGairdner1901–1908" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/James_Gairdner" title="James Gairdner">Gairdner, James</a>, ed. (1901–1908), <i><a href="/wiki/Paston_Letters" title="Paston Letters">The Paston Letters: 1422–1509 A.D. A Reprint of the Edition of 1872–5, which Contained Upwards of Five Hundred Letters, etc., till then Unpublished, to which are Now Added Others in a Supplement after the Introduction</a></i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Robinson" title="Constable & Robinson">Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd.</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/351642996">351642996</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Paston+Letters%3A+1422%E2%80%931509+A.D.+A+Reprint+of+the+Edition+of+1872%E2%80%935%2C+which+Contained+Upwards+of+Five+Hundred+Letters%2C+etc.%2C+till+then+Unpublished%2C+to+which+are+Now+Added+Others+in+a+Supplement+after+the+Introduction&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Archibald+Constable+and+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=1901%2F1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F351642996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fortescue_(judge)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Fortescue" class="extiw" title="q:John Fortescue">John Fortescue</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Fortescue_(judge)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Fortescue (judge)">John Fortescue (judge)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Callahan, Edwin T. (1995), "The Apotheosis of Power: Fortescue on the Nature of Kingship". <i>Majestas</i> vol. 3, p. 35-68.</li> <li>Cromartie, Alan. (2004), "Common Law, Counsel and Consent in Fortescue's Political Theory", <i>The Fifteenth Century 4:</i> <i>Political culture in late Medieval Britain</i> p. 45-68.</li> <li>Doe, Norman. (1990). <i>Fundamental Authority in Late Medieval English Law</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521384582" title="Special:BookSources/9780521384582">9780521384582</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill1968" class="citation cs2">Gill, Paul E. (1968), <i>Sir John Fortescue: Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Polemicist of the Succession Problem, Governmental Reformer, and Political Theorist [unpublished Ph.D. thesis]</i>, State College, Penn.: <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13557234">13557234</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+John+Fortescue%3A+Chief+Justice+of+the+King%27s+Bench%2C+Polemicist+of+the+Succession+Problem%2C+Governmental+Reformer%2C+and+Political+Theorist+%5Bunpublished+Ph.D.+thesis%5D&rft.place=State+College%2C+Penn.&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13557234&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill1971" class="citation cs2">Gill, Paul E. (1971), "Politics and Propaganda in Fifteenth-century England: The Polemical Writings of Sir John Fortescue", <i><a href="/wiki/Speculum_(journal)" title="Speculum (journal)">Speculum</a></i>, <b>XLVI</b> (2): 333–347, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2854859">10.2307/2854859</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2854859">2854859</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154211521">154211521</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=Politics+and+Propaganda+in+Fifteenth-century+England%3A+The+Polemical+Writings+of+Sir+John+Fortescue&rft.volume=XLVI&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=333-347&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154211521%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2854859%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2854859&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span> – discusses Fortescue's role in the succession crisis between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Houses of Lancaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a>.</li> <li>Gross, Anthony J. (1996), <i>The dissolution of the Lancastrian kingship: Sir John Fortescue and the crisis of monarchy in fifteenth century England</i>. London: Stamford, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781871615906" title="Special:BookSources/9781871615906">9781871615906</a>. [foreword by J. R. Lander].</li> <li>Jacob, Ernest Frazer. (1953), "Sir John Fortescue and the Law of Nature", Jaccob, <i>Essays in the Conciliar Epoch</i>. Manchester University Press, p. 106-120, 247-248.</li> <li>Kekewich, Margaret Lucille. (1998), "Thou shalt be under the power of man". Sir John Fortescue and the Yorkist Succession", <i>Nottingham Medieval Studies</i> vol. 42 (1998) p. 188-230.</li> <li>Kelly, M. R. L. L. (2014), "Sir John Fortescue and the Political Dominium: The People, the Common Weal, and the King", Galligan, Denis Ed., <i>Constitutions and the Classics: Patterns of Constitutional Thought from Fortescue to Bentham</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Litzen, Veikko. (1971). "A war of roses and lilies. The theme of succession in Sir John Fortescue's works", <i>Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae</i> B vol. 173 (1971) p. 5-73.</li> <li>McGerr, Rosemarie, (2011), <i>A Lancastrian Mirror for Princes: The Yale Law School New Statutes of England</i>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253356413" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253356413">978-0253356413</a>.</li> <li>Mosse, George L. (1952), "Sir John Fortescue and the Problem of Papal Power", <i>Medievalia et humanistica</i> vol. 7 (1952) p. 89ff.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobecki2015" class="citation cs2">Sobecki, Sebastian (2015), <i>Unwritten Verities: The Making of England's Vernacular Legal Culture, 1463–1549</i>, Notre Dame, Ind.: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_Press" title="University of Notre Dame Press">University of Notre Dame Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780268041458" title="Special:BookSources/9780268041458"><bdi>9780268041458</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unwritten+Verities%3A+The+Making+of+England%27s+Vernacular+Legal+Culture%2C+1463%E2%80%931549&rft.place=Notre+Dame%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780268041458&rft.aulast=Sobecki&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Fortescue+%28judge%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Taylor, Craig David. (1999), "Sir John Fortescue and the French Polemical Treatises of the Hundred Years War", <i>The English Historical Review</i> vol. 114 (1999) p. 112-129.</li> <li>John L Watts, (1999) <i>Henry VI and the Politics of Kingship</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65393-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65393-0">978-0-521-65393-0</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Hody" title="John Hody">John Hody</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Chief Justice of England">Lord Chief Justice</a> </b><br />1442–1461 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Markham_(judge)" title="John Markham (judge)">John Markham</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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