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href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Istorie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Istorie subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Descoperire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descoperire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Descoperire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descoperire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nume_și_simbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nume_și_simbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Nume și simbol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nume_și_simbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Clasificare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbită" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbită"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Orbită </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Orbită-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Orbită subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Orbită-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rezonanțe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rezonanțe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Rezonanțe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rezonanțe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotație_și_înclinare_axială" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotație_și_înclinare_axială"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Rotație și înclinare axială </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotație_și_înclinare_axială-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geologie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geologie subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suprafață" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suprafață"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Suprafață </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suprafață-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compoziție" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compoziție"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Compoziție </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compoziție-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cratere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cratere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Cratere </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cratere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forme_de_relief_tectonice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forme_de_relief_tectonice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Forme de relief tectonice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forme_de_relief_tectonice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criovulcanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criovulcanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.4 Criovulcanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criovulcanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structură_internă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structură_internă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Structură internă </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structură_internă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosferă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosferă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Atmosferă </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosferă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origine_și_evoluție" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origine_și_evoluție"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Origine și evoluție </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origine_și_evoluție-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locuibilitate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locuibilitate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Locuibilitate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locuibilitate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observare_și_explorare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observare_și_explorare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Observare și explorare </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Observare_și_explorare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Observare și explorare subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Observare_și_explorare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Observare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Observare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misiunea_Dawn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misiunea_Dawn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Misiunea Dawn </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misiunea_Dawn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misiuni_viitoare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misiuni_viitoare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Misiuni viitoare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misiuni_viitoare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Vezi și </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note_explicative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note_explicative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Note explicative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note_explicative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Note </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Legături externe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Comută cuprinsul </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ceres (planetă pitică)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 131 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" > 131 limbi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwergplaneet)" title="Ceres (dwergplaneet) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ceres (dwergplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1)_Ceres" title="(1) Ceres – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="(1) Ceres" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1)_Ceres" title="(1) Ceres – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="(1) Ceres" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Ceres" title="1 Ceres – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="1 Ceres" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_(%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%85)" title="سيريس (كوكب قزم) – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيريس (كوكب قزم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B" title="চেৰেছ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেৰেছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_nanu)" title="Ceres (planeta nanu) – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ceres (planeta nanu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serera_(c%C4%B1rtdan_planet)" title="Serera (cırtdan planet) – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Serera (cırtdan planet)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Церера (кәрлә планета) – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Церера (кәрлә планета)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(Zweagplanet)" title="Ceres (Zweagplanet) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ceres (Zweagplanet)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Цэрэра (карлікавая планета) – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэрэра (карлікавая планета)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Цэрэра (карлікавая плянэта) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цэрэра (карлікавая плянэта)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5)" title="Церера (планета джудже) – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Церера (планета джудже)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="सीरीस (बउना गरह) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सीरीस (बउना गरह)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="সেরেস – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেরেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(korrblanedenn)" title="Ceres (korrblanedenn) – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ceres (korrblanedenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerera_(patuljasta_planeta)" title="Cerera (patuljasta planeta) – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cerera (patuljasta planeta)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_nan)" title="Ceres (planeta nan) – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ceres (planeta nan)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1)_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="(1) Церера – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="(1) Церера" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سێریس – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سێریس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerere_(astrunumia)" title="Cerere (astrunumia) – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cerere (astrunumia)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(trpasli%C4%8D%C3%AD_planeta)" title="Ceres (trpasličí planeta) – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ceres (trpasličí planeta)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%A6%D1%94%D1%80%D1%94%D1%81%D1%8A" title="1 Цєрєсъ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="1 Цєрєсъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Церера – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Церера" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planed_gorrach)" title="Ceres (planed gorrach) – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ceres (planed gorrach)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dv%C3%A6rgplanet)" title="Ceres (dværgplanet) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ceres (dværgplanet)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1)_Ceres" title="(1) Ceres – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="(1) Ceres" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keres" title="Keres – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Keres" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Δήμητρα (πλανήτης νάνος) – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δήμητρα (πλανήτης νάνος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet) – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ceres (dwarf planet)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereso" title="Cereso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cereso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_enano)" title="Ceres (planeta enano) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ceres (planeta enano)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(k%C3%A4%C3%A4busplaneet)" title="Ceres (kääbusplaneet) – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ceres (kääbusplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeres_(planeta_nanoa)" title="Zeres (planeta nanoa) – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zeres (planeta nanoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="سرس – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1)_C%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" title="(1) Cérès – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="(1) Cérès" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(abhacphl%C3%A1in%C3%A9ad)" title="Ceres (abhacphláinéad) – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceres (abhacphláinéad)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_anano)" title="Ceres (planeta anano) – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ceres (planeta anano)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seres" title="Seres – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Seres" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B8_(%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B9)" title="સિરસ (વામન ગ્રહ) – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિરસ (વામન ગ્રહ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keres_(planaid_crivassanagh)" title="Keres (planaid crivassanagh) – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Keres (planaid crivassanagh)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keleka" title="Keleka – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Keleka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1_(%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99)" title="קרס (כוכב לכת ננסי) – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרס (כוכב לכת ננסי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="सीरीस (बौना ग्रह) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीरीस (बौना ग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerera_(patuljasti_planet)" title="Cerera (patuljasti planet) – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cerera (patuljasti planet)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(t%C3%B6rpebolyg%C3%B3)" title="Ceres (törpebolygó) – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ceres (törpebolygó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Սերես – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_nano)" title="Ceres (planeta nano) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ceres (planeta nano)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seres_(dvergreikistjarna)" title="Seres (dvergreikistjarna) – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seres (dvergreikistjarna)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerere_(astronomia)" title="Cerere (astronomia) – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cerere (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9_(%E6%BA%96%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F)" title="ケレス (準惑星) – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケレス (準惑星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ცერერა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცერერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%B1ri%CC%B1t" title="Si̱ri̱t – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Si̱ri̱t" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Церера – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Церера" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%99%9C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1)" title="세레스 (왜행성) – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세레스 (왜행성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Ceres" title="1 Ceres – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1 Ceres" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Церера – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Церера" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planet_c%C3%B2r)" title="Ceres (planet còr) – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ceres (planet còr)" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Церера – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Церера" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planetulus)" title="Ceres (planetulus) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ceres (planetulus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1)_Ceres" title="(1) Ceres – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="(1) Ceres" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwergplaneet)" title="Ceres (dwergplaneet) – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ceres (dwergplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerere_(corp_celest)" title="Cerere (corp celest) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cerere (corp celest)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerera_(nyk%C5%A1tukin%C4%97_planeta)" title="Cerera (nykštukinė planeta) – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cerera (nykštukinė planeta)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerera" title="Cerera – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cerera" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Церера (џуџеста планета) – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Церера (џуџеста планета)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സിറസ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിറസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Церера – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Церера" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="सेरेस (बटु ग्रह) – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सेरेस (बटु ग्रह)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planet_kerdil)" title="Ceres (planet kerdil) – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ceres (planet kerdil)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_nano)" title="Ceres (planeta nano) – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ceres (planeta nano)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8)" title="စီးရပ်စ် (ဂြိုဟ်သိမ်ဂြိုဟ်မွှား) – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စီးရပ်စ် (ဂြိုဟ်သိမ်ဂြိုဟ်မွှား)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerere" title="Cerere – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cerere" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(Dwargplanet)" title="Ceres (Dwargplanet) – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ceres (Dwargplanet)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwergplaneet)" title="Ceres (dwergplaneet) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ceres (dwergplaneet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergplaneten_Ceres" title="Dvergplaneten Ceres – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dvergplaneten Ceres" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dvergplanet)" title="Ceres (dvergplanet) – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ceres (dvergplanet)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9wes" title="Séwes – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Séwes" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_nan)" title="Ceres (planeta nan) – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ceres (planeta nan)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeres_(lafjoo_cuggee)" title="Seeres (lafjoo cuggee) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seeres (lafjoo cuggee)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1)_Ceres" title="(1) Ceres – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="(1) Ceres" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="سیرس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیرس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planeta_an%C3%A3o)" title="Ceres (planeta anão) – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ceres (planeta anão)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siris_(tuna_puriq_quyllur)" title="Siris (tuna puriq quyllur) – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Siris (tuna puriq quyllur)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(planet_nanin)" title="Ceres (planet nanin) – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ceres (planet nanin)" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Церера – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Церера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Церера – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Церера" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8riri" title="Cèriri – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cèriri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet) – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ceres (dwarf planet)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="سيريز – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سيريز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Ceres" title="1 Ceres – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1 Ceres" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="සෙරස් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෙරස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ceres (dwarf planet)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Ceres" title="1 Ceres – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1 Ceres" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerera_(pritlikavi_planet)" title="Cerera (pritlikavi planet) – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cerera (pritlikavi planet)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Церера (патуљаста планета) – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Церера (патуљаста планета)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_C%C3%A9r%C3%A9s" title="1 Cérés – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1 Cérés" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dv%C3%A4rgplanet)" title="Ceres (dvärgplanet) – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ceres (dvärgplanet)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seresi_(sayari_kibete)" title="Seresi (sayari kibete) – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Seresi (sayari kibete)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="சியரீசு (குறுங்கோள்) – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சியரீசு (குறுங்கோள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82)" title="సెరిస్ (మరుగుజ్జు గ్రహం) – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సెరిస్ (మరుగుజ్జు గ్రహం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Серера – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Серера" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0)" title="ซีรีส (ดาวเคราะห์แคระ) – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซีรีส (ดาวเคราะห์แคระ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres" title="Ceres – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ceres" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(c%C3%BCce_gezegen)" title="Ceres (cüce gezegen) – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ceres (cüce gezegen)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Церера (кәрлә планета) – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Церера (кәрлә планета)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سېرېرا – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سېرېرا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Церера (карликова планета) – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Церера (карликова планета)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3_(%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81)" title="سیرس (بونا سیارہ) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیرس (بونا سیارہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serera" title="Serera – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Serera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(h%C3%A0nh_tinh_l%C3%B9n)" title="Ceres (hành tinh lùn) – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ceres (hành tinh lùn)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(pluroplanetahay)" title="Ceres (pluroplanetahay) – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ceres (pluroplanetahay)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穀神星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ცერერა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცერერა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="צערעס – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צערעס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穀神星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穀神星" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(%C3%A9-he%CC%8Dk-chhe%E2%81%BF)" title="Ceres (é-he̍k-chheⁿ) – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ceres (é-he̍k-chheⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="穀神星" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q596#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a">Articol</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t">Discuție</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >română </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)">Lectură</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v">Modificare</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e">Modificare sursă</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h">Istoric</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Unelte </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)">Lectură</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v">Modificare</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e">Modificare sursă</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=history">Istoric</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j">Ce trimite aici</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k">Schimbări corelate</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u">Trimite fișier</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q">Pagini speciale</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&oldid=16375234" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini">Legătură permanentă</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină">Informații despre pagină</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Ceres_%28planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83%29&id=16375234&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini">Citează acest articol</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCeres_%28planet%25C4%2583_pitic%25C4%2583%29">Obține URL scurtat</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCeres_%28planet%25C4%2583_pitic%25C4%2583%29">Descărcați codul QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ceres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29">Creare carte</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ceres_%28planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83%29&action=show-download-screen">Descărcare ca PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p">Versiune de tipărit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/(1)_Ceres" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q596" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g">Element Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="">Calitatea informațiilor sau a exprimării din acest articol sau secțiune trebuie îmbunătățită. Consultați <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_de_stil" title="Wikipedia:Manual de stil">manualul de stil</a> și <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cur%C4%83%C8%9Benie" title="Wikipedia:Curățenie">îndrumarul</a>, apoi <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit">dați o mână de ajutor</a>. Acest articol a fost etichetat în octombrie 2023 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ceres (dezambiguizare)">Ceres (dezambiguizare)</a>.</div><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet astronomie" style="background-color:#D6D6D6;color:#000000;">1 Ceres <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ceres_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⚳"><img alt="⚳" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ceres_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Ceres_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ceres_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/36px-Ceres_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ceres_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/48px-Ceres_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_(22381131691)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/338px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="836" /></a> <div style="margin-top: 3px"></div>Ceres în culoare adevărată în 2015</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#D6D6D6;color:#000000;">Descoperire<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></th></tr><tr><th style=";">Descoperit de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Dată descoperire</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1 ianuarie 1801</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#D6D6D6;color:#000000;">Denumiri</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Denumirea_planetelor_minore" title="Denumirea planetelor minore">Denumire MPC</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">(1) Ceres</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Pronunție</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">/ˈtʃe.res/</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Denumit după</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(mitologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres (mitologie)">Cerēs</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83#Populații" title="Planetă minoră">Categorie planetă minoră</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><ul style="list-style:none none; padding:0px; margin:0px"><li><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică">planetă pitică</a>, </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> </li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Atribute</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Cererian / Cererean (/tʃe.reˈre̯an/)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#D6D6D6;color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Orbit%C4%83_osculatoare" title="Orbită osculatoare">Caracteristicile orbitei</a><a href="#cite_note-jpl_sbdb-4">[4]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><a href="/wiki/Epoc%C4%83_(astronomie)" title="Epocă (astronomie)">Epocă</a> 21 ianuarie 2022 JD 2459600,5</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Periheliu_%C8%99i_afeliu" class="mw-redirect" title="Periheliu și afeliu">Afeliu</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,98 AU (446 milioane km)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Periheliu_%C8%99i_afeliu" class="mw-redirect" title="Periheliu și afeliu">Periheliu</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,55 AU (381 milioane km)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Semiaxa_mare" title="Semiaxa mare">Axa semi-majoră</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,77 AU (414 milioane km)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">Excentricitate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,0785</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Perioadă orbitală</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">4,60 ani 1680 zile</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_sinodic%C4%83" title="Perioadă sinodică">Perioadă sinodică</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1,28 ani 466,6 zile<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitez%C4%83_orbital%C4%83" title="Viteză orbitală">Viteza medie a mișcării de revoluție</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">17,9 km/s</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anomalia_medie" class="mw-redirect" title="Anomalia medie">Anomalia medie</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">291,4°</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclina%C8%9Bie_orbital%C4%83" title="Înclinație orbitală">Înclinație</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">10,6° față de <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic%C4%83" title="Ecliptică">ecliptică</a> 9,20° față de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planul_invariabil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planul invariabil — pagină inexistentă">planul invariabil</a><a href="#cite_note-Souami_Souchay_2012-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Longitudinea_nodului_ascendent" title="Longitudinea nodului ascendent">Longitudinea nodului ascendent</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">80,3°</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Apsid%C4%83" title="Apsidă">Timpul periastrului</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">7 decembrie 2022</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Argumentul_periastrului" title="Argumentul periastrului">Argumentul perihelion</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">73,6°</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#D6D6D6;color:#000000;">Elemente orbitale proprii<a href="#cite_note-Ceres-POE-5">[5]</a></th></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Semiaxa_mare" title="Semiaxa mare">Axa semi-majoră</a> proprie</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,77 AU <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">eccentricity</a> proprie</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,116</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclina%C8%9Bie_orbital%C4%83" title="Înclinație orbitală">Înclinația</a> proprie</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">9.65°</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitez%C4%83_unghiular%C4%83_medie_real%C4%83" title="Viteză unghiulară medie reală">Viteză medie</a> proprie</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">78.2 <a href="/wiki/Grad_sexagesimal" title="Grad sexagesimal">grad</a> / <a href="/wiki/An_iulian" title="An iulian">an</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_sinodic%C4%83" title="Perioadă sinodică">Perioadă orbitală</a> proprie</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">4.60358 <a href="/wiki/An_iulian" title="An iulian">an</a> (1681.458 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Day — pagină inexistentă">d</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Precesiunea <a href="/wiki/Apsid%C4%83" title="Apsidă">periheliului</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">54,1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcsecond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcsecond — pagină inexistentă">arcsec</a> / <a href="/wiki/An_iulian" title="An iulian">an</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Precesiunea <a href="/wiki/Longitudinea_nodului_ascendent" title="Longitudinea nodului ascendent">longitudinii nodului ascendent</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">−59,2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcsecond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcsecond — pagină inexistentă">arcsec</a> / <a href="/wiki/An_iulian" title="An iulian">an</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#D6D6D6;color:#000000;">Caracteristici fizice</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Dimensiuni</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">(964,4 × 964,2 × 891,8) ± 0,2 km<a href="#cite_note-jpl_sbdb-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Diametrul mediu</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">939,4±0,2 km<a href="#cite_note-jpl_sbdb-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Raza medie</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">469,73 km<a href="#cite_note-SPICE-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Suprafață</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2.770.000 km2<a href="#cite_note-fact2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Volum" class="mw-redirect" title="Volum">Volum</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">434.000.000 km3<a href="#cite_note-fact2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83" title="Masă">Masă</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">(9,3835±0,0001)×1020 kg<a href="#cite_note-jpl_sbdb-4">[4]</a> 0,00016 <a href="/wiki/Masa_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" class="mw-redirect" title="Masa Pământului">Pământ</a> 0,0128 <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">Luna</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Densitate</a> medie</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,162±0,008 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-jpl_sbdb-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Gravitația la suprafață</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,28 <a href="/wiki/Accelera%C8%9Bie" title="Accelerație">m/s2</a><a href="#cite_note-fact2-7">[7]</a> 0,029 <a href="/w/index.php?title=For%C8%9B%C4%83_g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forță g — pagină inexistentă">g</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Momentul factorului de inerție</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,36±0,15<a href="#cite_note-Mao2018-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a> (estimare)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitez%C4%83_cosmic%C4%83" title="Viteză cosmică">Viteză cosmică</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,51 km/s<a href="#cite_note-fact2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_de_rota%C8%9Bie" title="Perioadă de rotație">Perioadă de rotație</a> siderală</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">9,074170±0,000001 ore<a href="#cite_note-jpl_sbdb-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Viteza rotației ecuatoriale</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">92,61 m/s<a href="#cite_note-fact2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclinare_axial%C4%83" title="Înclinare axială">Înclinare axială</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">≈4°<a href="#cite_note-Schorghofer2016-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Ascensiunea dreaptă a polului nord</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">291,42744°<a href="#cite_note-Icarus2017-12">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Declinația polului nord</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">66,76033°<a href="#cite_note-SPICE-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Albedo_geometric" title="Albedo geometric">Albedo geometric</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,090±0,0033 (bandă V)<a href="#cite_note-Li2006-13">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; background-color:#f9f9f9; margin:0; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">Temp.</a> la suprafață</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">min</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">medie</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">max</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></th> <td>≈110<a href="#cite_note-Dawn2017-17">[16]</a></td> <td></td> <td>235±4<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Clasele_spectrale_ale_asteroizilor" title="Clasele spectrale ale asteroizilor">Clasă spectrală</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_de_tip_C" title="Asteroid de tip C">C</a><a href="#cite_note-Rivkin2006-14">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Magnitudinea aparentă</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><ul style="list-style:none none; padding:0px; margin:0px"><li> 6,64–9,34 (interval)<a href="#cite_note-TheSkyLive-15">[14]</a> </li><li> 9,27 iulie 2021<a href="#cite_note-AstDys-object-16">[15]</a> </li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Magnitudinea absolută (H)</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">3,34<a href="#cite_note-jpl_sbdb-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Diametru unghiular</div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,854″ până la 0,339″</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> Ceres (/ˈtʃe.res/; <a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="/wiki/Denumirea_planetelor_minore" title="Denumirea planetelor minore">denumirea de planetă minoră</a>: 1 Ceres) este o <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică">planetă pitică</a> din <a href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi">centura de asteroizi</a>, între orbitele lui <a href="/wiki/Marte_(planet%C4%83)" title="Marte (planetă)">Marte</a> și <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. A fost primul <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> descoperit pe 1 ianuarie 1801 de către <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a> la Observatorul Astronomic din Palermo în <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a> și anunțat ca o nouă <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">planetă</a>. Ceres a fost mai târziu clasificat ca un asteroid și apoi o planetă pitică, singura care se află mereu la interior de orbita lui <a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptun</a>. Dimensiunea mică a lui Ceres înseamnă că, chiar și când e cel mai strălucitor, este prea slab pentru a fi văzută cu <a href="/wiki/Ochiul_liber" title="Ochiul liber">ochiul liber</a>, exceptând pe un cer extrem de întunecat. <a href="/wiki/Magnitudine_aparent%C4%83" title="Magnitudine aparentă">Magnitudinea sa aparentă</a> variază de la 6,7 la 9,3,atingând un maxim la <a href="/wiki/Opozi%C8%9Bie_(astronomie)" title="Opoziție (astronomie)">opoziție</a> (când este cel mai aproape de Pământ) o dată la fiecare <a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_sinodic%C4%83" title="Perioadă sinodică">perioadă sinodică de</a> 15 până la 16 luni. Drept urmare, formele sale de relief sunt abia vizibile chiar și cu cele mai puternice telescoape și se știa puțin despre el până când sonda spațială <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială)">Dawn</a> a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> s-a apropiat de Ceres pentru misiunea sa orbitală în 2015. Dawn a descoperit că suprafața lui Ceres este un amestec de gheață și minerale <a href="/wiki/Hidrat" title="Hidrat">hidrate</a>, cum ar fi carbonați și <a href="/wiki/Argil%C4%83" title="Argilă">argilă</a>. Datele gravitaționale sugerează că Ceres este parțial diferențiat într-o <a href="/wiki/Mantaua_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Mantaua Pământului">manta/miez</a> noroios (rocă cu gheață) și o <a href="/wiki/Scoar%C8%9Ba_terestr%C4%83" title="Scoarța terestră">scoarță</a> mai puțin <a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">densă</a>, dar mai dură, care este cel mult treizeci la sută gheață în volum. Deși Ceres probabil nu are un <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean intern</a> de apă lichidă, <a href="/wiki/Saramur%C4%83_(chimie)" title="Saramură (chimie)">saramure</a> curg în continuare prin mantaua superioară și ajung la suprafață, permițând <a href="/wiki/Criovulcan" title="Criovulcan">criovulcanilor</a> precum <a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Mons" title="Ahuna Mons">Ahuna Mons</a> să se formeze aproximativ la fiecare cincizeci de milioane de ani. Acest lucru face din Ceres cel mai apropiat corp criovulcanic activ cunoscut de Soare, iar saramurele oferă un potențial habitat pentru viața <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microbiană</a>. În ianuarie 2014, în jurul Ceresului au fost detectate emisii de vapori de apă, creând o <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer%C4%83" title="Atmosferă">atmosferă</a> slabă, tranzitorie, cunoscută sub numele de <a href="/wiki/Exosfer%C4%83" title="Exosferă">exosferă</a>. <a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descoperire">Descoperire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Descoperire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Descoperire">modificare sursă</a>]</div> În anii dintre acceptarea <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">heliocentrismului</a> și descoperirea lui <a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptun</a>, mai mulți astronomi au susținut că legile matematice au prezis existența unei planete ascunse sau lipsă între orbitele lui <a href="/wiki/Marte_(planet%C4%83)" title="Marte (planetă)">Marte</a> și <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. În 1596, astronomul teoretic <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> a crezut că raporturile dintre orbitele planetare se vor conforma cu designul lui Dumnezeu doar cu adăugarea a două planete: una între Jupiter și Marte și una între Venus și Mercur. <a href="#cite_note-hoskin2-21">[20]</a> Alți teoreticieni, precum <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, s-au gândit dacă golul a fost creat de gravitația lui Jupiter; în 1761, astronomul și matematicianul <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Lambert" title="Johann Heinrich Lambert">Johann Heinrich Lambert</a> a întrebat: „Și cine știe dacă deja lipsesc planete care au plecat din vastul spațiu dintre Marte și Jupiter? Atunci se corpurilor cerești, precum și Pământului, că cei mai puternici îi supără pe cei mai slabi și Jupiter și Saturn sunt destinați să jefuiască pentru totdeauna?” <a href="#cite_note-hoskin2-21">[20]</a> În 1772, astronomul german <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Elert_Bode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Elert Bode — pagină inexistentă">Johann Elert Bode</a>, citând pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Daniel_Titius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Daniel Titius — pagină inexistentă">Johann Daniel Titius</a>, a publicat o formulă cunoscută mai târziu sub numele de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Titius%E2%80%93Bode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Titius–Bode — pagină inexistentă">legea Titius–Bode</a> care părea să prezică orbitele planetelor cunoscute dar cu un decalaj inexplicabil între Marte și Jupiter. <a href="#cite_note-hoskin-22">[21]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Hogg1948-23">[22]</a> Modelul a prezis că ar trebui să existe o altă planetă cu o rază orbitală aproape de 2,8 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_astronomic%C4%83" title="Unitate astronomică">unități astronomice</a> (AU), sau 420 milioane km, de la Soare. <a href="#cite_note-Hogg1948-23">[22]</a> Legea Titius – Bode a câștigat mai multă credibilitate odată cu descoperirea lui <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> a lui <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> aproape de distanța prezisă pentru o planetă dincolo de <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>. <a href="#cite_note-hoskin-22">[21]</a> În 1800, un grup condus de <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_von_Zach" title="Franz Xaver von Zach">Franz Xaver von Zach</a>, editor al revistei germane de astronomie Monatliche Correspondenz (Corespondența lunară), a trimis cereri către 24 de astronomi cu experiență ,pe care el i-a numit „poliția cerească”, <a href="#cite_note-Hogg1948-23">[22]</a> cerându-le să-și combine eforturile și să înceapă o căutare metodică a planetei așteptate. <a href="#cite_note-Hogg1948-23">[22]</a> Deși nu l-au descoperit pe Ceres, au găsit ulterior <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroizii</a> <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/3_Juno" title="3 Juno">Juno</a> și <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Hogg1948-23">[22]</a> Unul dintre astronomii selectați pentru căutare a fost <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a>, un preot catolic la Academia din Palermo, Sicilia. Înainte de a primi invitația sa de a se alătura grupului, Piazzi l-a descoperit pe Ceres pe 1 ianuarie 1801. <a href="#cite_note-NASA-20160126-24">[23]</a> Căuta „cea de-a 87-a [stea] din Catalogul stelelor zodiacale ale <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille" title="Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille">domnului la Caille</a> ”, <a href="#cite_note-hoskin3-25">[24]</a>, dar a descoperit că „era precedată de alta”. <a href="#cite_note-hoskin3-25">[24]</a> În loc de o stea, Piazzi găsise un obiect asemănător unei stele în mișcare, despre care a crezut mai întâi că era o cometă. <a href="#cite_note-Forbes1971-26">[25]</a> Piazzi l-a observat pe Ceres de 24 de ori, ultima dată pe 11 februarie 1801, când boala i-a întrerupt munca. El și-a anunțat descoperirea pe 24 ianuarie 1801 în scrisori către doar doi colegi astronomi, compatriotul său <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnaba_Oriani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnaba Oriani — pagină inexistentă">Barnaba Oriani</a> din Milano și Bode din Berlin. <a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> El l-a raportat ca o cometă, dar „din moment ce mișcarea sa este atât de lentă și destul de uniformă, m-am gândit de mai multe ori că ar putea fi ceva mai bun decât o cometă”. <a href="#cite_note-hoskin3-25">[24]</a> În aprilie, Piazzi a trimis observațiile sale complete lui Oriani, Bode și astronomului francez <a href="/wiki/Joseph_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Lefran%C3%A7ois_de_Lalande" title="Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande">Jérôme Lalande</a>. Informația a fost publicată în ediția din septembrie 1801 a Monatliche Correspondenz. <a href="#cite_note-Forbes1971-26">[25]</a> Până în acel moment, poziția aparentă a lui Ceres se schimbase (în cea mai mare parte din cauza mișcării Pământului în jurul Soarelui) și era prea aproape de strălucirea Soarelui pentru ca alți astronomi să confirme observațiile lui Piazzi. Spre sfârșitul anului, Ceres ar fi trebuit să fie din nou vizibil, dar după atât de mult timp a fost greu de prezis poziția exactă. Pentru a-l recupera pe Ceres, matematicianul <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a>, pe atunci în vârstă de 24 de ani, a dezvoltat o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoda_lui_Gauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoda lui Gauss — pagină inexistentă">metodă eficientă</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Determinarea_orbitei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Determinarea orbitei — pagină inexistentă">determinare a orbitei</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Forbes19712-28">[27]</a> În câteva săptămâni, el a prezis orbita lui Ceres și i-a trimis rezultatele lui von Zach. Pe 31 decembrie 1801, von Zach și colegul lui polițist ceresc <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Olbers" title="Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers">Heinrich W. M. Olbers</a> l-au găsit pe Ceres aproape de poziția prezisă și au continuat să-i înregistreze poziția. <a href="#cite_note-Forbes19712-28">[27]</a> La 2,8 UA de Soare, Ceres părea să se potrivească aproape perfect cu legea Titius – Bode; cu toate acestea, când Neptun a fost descoperit 1846, era cu 8 UA mai aproape decât se prevedea, ceea ce a determinat majoritatea astronomilor să concluzioneze că legea a fost o coincidență.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Primii observatori au putut calcula dimensiunea lui Ceres cu o eroare de un <a href="/wiki/Ordin_de_m%C4%83rime" title="Ordin de mărime">ordin de mărime</a>. Herschel i-a subestimat diametrul la 260 kilometri (160 mi) în 1802, în timp ce în 1811 astronomul german <a href="/wiki/Johann_Hieronymus_Schr%C3%B6ter" title="Johann Hieronymus Schröter">Johann Hieronymus Schröter</a> l-a supraestimat ca fiind de 2,613 kilometri (1,624 mi). <a href="#cite_note-hughues-30">[29]</a> Abia în anii 1970, când <a href="/wiki/Fotometrie_(astronomie)" title="Fotometrie (astronomie)">fotometria</a> în infraroșu a permis măsurători mai precise ale <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a>-ului său, diametrul lui Ceres a fost determinat cu o erore de 10% din valoarea sa reală de 939 km. <a href="#cite_note-hughues-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nume_și_simbol">Nume și simbol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Nume și simbol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nume și simbol">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Numele propus de Piazzi pentru descoperirea sa a fost Ceres Ferdinandea: Ceres, după <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(zei%C8%9B%C4%83)" title="Ceres (zeiță)">zeița romană a agriculturii</a>, a cărei casă pământească și cel mai vechi templu se afla în Sicilia; și Ferdinandea în onoarea monarhului și finanțatorului lui Piazzi, regele <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_al_celor_Dou%C4%83_Sicilii" title="Ferdinand I al celor Două Sicilii">Ferdinand al III-lea</a> al <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Siciliei" title="Regatul Siciliei">Siciliei</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Forbes19713-31">[30]</a> Acesta din urmă nu era acceptabilă pentru alte națiuni și a fost abandonată. Înainte de recuperarea lui Ceres de către von Zach în decembrie 1801, von Zach s-a referit la planetă ca <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a>, iar Bode a numit-o <a href="/wiki/Iuno_(mitologie)" title="Iuno (mitologie)">Juno</a>. În ciuda obiecțiilor lui Piazzi, aceste nume au câștigat curent în Germania înainte ca existența obiectului să fie confirmată. Odată ce-a fost, astronomii s-au stabilit pe numele lui Piazzi. <a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Formele adjectivale ale lui Ceres sunt Cererian <a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> și Cererean, <a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> ambele pronunțate /tʃe.reˈre̯an/. <a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceriu" title="Ceriu">Ceriul</a>, un <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nturi_rare" title="Pământuri rare">element pământ rar</a> descoperit în 1803, a fost numit după planeta pitică Ceres. <a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <a href="#cite_note-40">[b]</a> Vechiul <a href="/wiki/Simbol_astronomic" title="Simbol astronomic">simbol astronomic</a> al lui Ceres, folosit încă în astrologie, este o <a href="/wiki/Secer%C4%83" title="Seceră">seceră</a>, ⟨⚳⟩ <a href="#cite_note-Forbes19714-41">[39]</a> <a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> Secera a fost unul dintre simbolurile clasice ale zeiței Ceres și a fost sugerat, aparent independent, de von Zach și Bode în 1802. <a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Ca formă este asemănător simbolului ⟨♀⟩(un cerc cu o cruce dedesubt) al planetei Venus, dar cu o întrerupere în cerc. Avea diverse variante grafice minore, inclusiv o formă inversată <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ceres_'C'_symbol.svg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ceres_%27C%27_symbol.svg/12px-Ceres_%27C%27_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ceres_%27C%27_symbol.svg/18px-Ceres_%27C%27_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ceres_%27C%27_symbol.svg/24px-Ceres_%27C%27_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>tipărită ca „C” (litera inițială în numele Ceres ) cu un semn plus. Simbolul generic de asteroid, un disc numerotat, ⟨①⟩, a fost introdus în 1867 și a devenit rapid norma. <a href="#cite_note-Forbes19714-41">[39]</a> <a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> Secera a fost înviată în uz astrologic în 1973.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ceres,_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ceres%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/220px-Ceres%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ceres%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/330px-Ceres%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ceres%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/440px-Ceres%2C_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2026" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ceres (stânga jos), <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">Luna</a> și Pământul, arătați la scară.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg/220px-The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg/330px-The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg/440px-The_Four_Largest_Asteroids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="735" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mărimile relative ale celor mai mari 4 asteroizi. Ceres este primul din stânga.</div></div></div></div></div><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Geologia_lui_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologia lui Ceres">Geologia lui Ceres</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="width:258px;"><div class="thumbimage" style="width:256px;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16493194">.mw-parser-output .def{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f9f9f9)}.mw-parser-output .speedy{background:#fee}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .speedy{background:#310402}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .speedy{background:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks def" style="margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; color: var(--color-base, #000); border: 1px solid #aaa; width:100%;margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ambox_notice.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Ambox_notice.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></a></td> <td style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 100%;"> Graficele sunt indisponibile din cauza unor probleme tehnice. Mai multe informații se găsesc la <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> și la <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">wiki-ul MediaWiki</a>. </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Masa lui 1 Ceres (albastru) comparată cu cele a altor asteroizi mari: <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">2 Pallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">10 Hygiea</a>, <a href="/wiki/704_Interamnia" title="704 Interamnia">704 Interamnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/15_Eunomia" title="15 Eunomia">15 Eunomia</a> și restul centurii de asteroizi. Unitatea de masă este ×1018 kg.</div></div></div>Categorizarea lui Ceres s-a schimbat de mai multe ori și a fost subiectul unor neînțelegeri. Bode credea că Ceres este „planeta dispărută” despre care a propus că există între Marte și Jupiter. <a href="#cite_note-hoskin4-46">[44]</a> Lui Ceres i s-a atribuit un simbol planetar și <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">a rămas listat ca planetă</a> în cărțile și tabelele de astronomie (împreună cu Pallas, Juno și Vesta) timp de peste jumătate de secol. <a href="#cite_note-Hilton-47">[45]</a> Pe măsură ce alte obiecte au fost descoperite în vecinătatea lui Ceres, astronomii au început să bănuiască că Ceres reprezintă primul dintr-o nouă clasă de obiecte. <a href="#cite_note-hoskin5-48">[46]</a> În 1802, odată cu descoperirea lui Pallas, Herschel a inventat termenul de <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> (" asemănător stelelor") pentru aceste corpuri, <a href="#cite_note-Hilton2-49">[47]</a> scriind că "seamănă atât de mult cu stele mici încât cu greu pot fi distinse de ele, chiar și cu telescoape foarte bune.". <a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> În 1852, astronomul <a href="/wiki/Johann_Franz_Encke" title="Johann Franz Encke">Johann Franz Encke</a>, în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berliner_Astronomisches_Jahrbuch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch — pagină inexistentă">Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch</a>, declarând că sistemul tradițional de acordare a simbolurilor planetare este prea greoi pentru aceste noi obiecte, a introdus în schimb un nou sistem de plasare a numerelor înaintea numelor în ordinea descoperirii. Inițial, sistemul de numerotare a început cu al cincilea asteroid, <a href="/wiki/5_Astraea" title="5 Astraea">5 Astraea</a>, ca numărul 1, dar în 1867 Ceres a fost adoptat în <a href="/wiki/Denumirea_planetelor_minore" title="Denumirea planetelor minore">noul sistem</a> sub numele 1 Ceres.<a href="#cite_note-Hilton2-49">[47]</a> Până în anii 1860, astronomii au acceptat pe scară largă că există o diferență fundamentală între planetele majore și asteroizii precum Ceres, deși cuvântul „planetă” nu a fost încă definit cu precizie. <a href="#cite_note-Hilton4-51">[49]</a> În anii 1950, în general oamenii de știință au încetat să considere majoritatea asteroizilor drept planete, dar Ceres și-a păstrat uneori statutul după aceea din cauza complexității sale geofizice asemănătoare celei unei planete. <a href="#cite_note-metzger19-52">[50]</a> Apoi, în 2006, dezbaterea în jurul lui <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> a condus la apeluri pentru o definiție a „planetei” și la posibila reclasificare a lui Ceres, poate chiar la restabilirea sa generală ca planetă. <a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> O propunere de dinaintea <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Astronomic%C4%83_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Uniunea Astronomică Internațională">Uniunii Astronomice Internaționale</a> (IAU), organizația globală responsabilă de nomenclatura și clasificarea astronomică, a definit o planetă ca „un corp ceresc care (a) are o masă suficientă pentru ca autogravitația sa să învingă forțele unui corp rigid, astfel încât preia o formă de echilibru hidrostatic (aproape rotundă) și (b) se află pe orbită în jurul unei stele și nu este nici o stea, nici un satelit al unei planete". <a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> Dacă această rezoluție ar fi fost adoptată, ea ar fi făcut din Ceres a cincea planetă în ordinea Soarelui, <a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> dar pe 24 august 2006 adunarea a adoptat cerința suplimentară conform căreia o planetă trebuie să fi „curățat vecinătatea orbitei sale”. Ceres nu este o planetă pentru că nu-și domină orbita, împărțind-o cu mii de alți asteroizi din centura de asteroizi și constituind doar aproximativ patruzeci la sută din masa totală a centurii. <a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Corpurile care au îndeplinit prima definiție propusă, dar nu și a doua, cum ar fi Ceres, au fost în schimb clasificate drept <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică">planete pitice</a>. <a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> Geologii planetari încă ignoră adesea această definiție și consideră că Ceres este oricum o planetă.<a href="#cite_note-metzger22-58">[56]</a> Ceres este o planetă pitică, dar există o oarecare confuzie dacă este și un asteroid. O pagină web a NASA afirmă că Vesta, al doilea cel mai mare obiect al centurii, este cel mai mare asteroid. <a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> IAU a fost echivoc cu privire la acest subiect, <a href="#cite_note-kenneth-60">[58]</a> <a href="#cite_note-IAU-QA-61">[59]</a> deși <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a>, organizația însărcinată cu catalogarea unor astfel de obiecte, spune că planetele pitice pot avea desemnări duble <a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> și comunitatea IAU/<a href="/wiki/Serviciul_de_prospectare_geologic%C4%83_al_Statelor_Unite" title="Serviciul de prospectare geologică al Statelor Unite">USGS</a>/NASA Gazetteer îl clasifică pe Ceres atât ca asteroid, cât și ca planetă pitică. <a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbită">Orbită</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Orbită" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Orbită">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ceres_Orbit_c.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ceres_Orbit_c.png/330px-Ceres_Orbit_c.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ceres_Orbit_c.png/495px-Ceres_Orbit_c.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ceres_Orbit_c.png/660px-Ceres_Orbit_c.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Orbitele lui Ceres (roșu, înclinată) împreună cu Jupiter și planetele interioare (alb și gri). Diagrama de sus arată orbita lui Ceres văzută de sus. Diagrama de jos este o vedere laterală care arată înclinația orbitală a lui Ceres față de <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic%C4%83" title="Ecliptică">ecliptică</a>. Nuanțele mai deschise indică deasupra eclipticii; mai întunecate indică dedesupt.</figcaption></figure> Ceres urmează o orbită între Marte și Jupiter, aproape de mijlocul centurii de asteroizi, cu o <a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_sinodic%C4%83" title="Perioadă sinodică">perioadă orbitală</a> (an) de 4,6 ani pământeni. În comparație cu alte planete și planete pitice, orbita lui Ceres este moderat înclinată față de cea a Pământului, cu o <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclina%C8%9Bie_orbital%C4%83" title="Înclinație orbitală">înclinație</a> (i) de 10,6°, comparativ cu 7° pentru <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(planet%C4%83)" title="Mercur (planetă)">Mercur</a> și 17° pentru Pluto. Este și ușor alungită, cu o <a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">excentricitate</a> (e) = 0,08, comparativ cu 0,09 pentru Marte. Ceres nu face parte dintr-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Familia_de_asteroizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Familia de asteroizi — pagină inexistentă">familie de asteroizi</a>, probabil din cauza proporției sale mari de gheață, deoarece corpuri mai mici, cu aceeași <a href="/wiki/Compozi%C8%9Bie_chimic%C4%83" title="Compoziție chimică">compoziție</a>, s-ar fi <a href="/wiki/Sublimare" title="Sublimare">sublimat</a> complet pe parcursul vârstei Sistemului Solar. <a href="#cite_note-liebert5-64">[62]</a> Se credea odată a fi un membru al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Familia_Gefion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Familia Gefion — pagină inexistentă">familiei Gefion</a>, <a href="#cite_note-Cellino2-65">[63]</a> ai cărei membri împărtășesc elemente orbitale similare, sugerând o origine comună printr-o coliziune între asteroizi în trecut. Mai târziu s-a descoperit că Ceres are o compoziție diferită față de familia Gefion <a href="#cite_note-Cellino2-65">[63]</a> și pare a fi un intrus, având elemente orbitale similare, dar nu o origine comună.<a href="#cite_note-Kelley2-66">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rezonanțe">Rezonanțe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Rezonanțe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Rezonanțe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Datorită maselor lor mici și separărilor mari, obiectele din centura de asteroizi cad rareori în <a href="/wiki/Rezonan%C8%9B%C4%83_orbital%C4%83" title="Rezonanță orbitală">rezonanțe</a> gravitaționale unele cu altele. <a href="#cite_note-Christou-67">[65]</a> Cu toate acestea, Ceres este capabil să captureze alți asteroizi în rezonanțe temporare 1:1 (făcându-i <a href="/wiki/Troian_(asteroid)" title="Troian (asteroid)">troieni</a> temporari), pentru perioade de la câteva sute de mii până la mai mult de două milioane de ani. Au fost identificate 50 de astfel de obiecte. <a href="#cite_note-Christou2012-68">[66]</a>Ceres este aproape de o rezonanță orbitală de 1:1 cu Pallas (perioadele lor orbitale diferă cu 0,2%), dar nu suficient de aproape pentru a fi semnificativă pe perioade de timp astronomice. <a href="#cite_note-Kovačević-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotație_și_înclinare_axială">Rotație și înclinare axială</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Rotație și înclinare axială" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Rotație și înclinare axială">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm/220px--Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm/Permanent_Shadows_on_Ceres.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Regiuni în umbră permanentă capabile să acumuleze gheață la suprafță</figcaption></figure> Perioada de rotație a lui Ceres (ziua Cereriană) este de 9 ore și 4 minute, micul crater ecuatorial Kait a fost selectat ca meridianul său 0. Are o înclinare axială de 4°,<a href="#cite_note-Schorghofer2016-11">[10]</a>suficient de mică pentru ca regiunile polare ale lui Ceres să conțină cratere permanent umbrite, de la care se așteaptă să acționeze ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capcan%C4%83_rece_(astronomie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capcană rece (astronomie) — pagină inexistentă">capcane reci</a> și să acumuleze gheață în timp, similar cu <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83_pe_Lun%C4%83" title="Apă pe Lună">ceea ce se întâmplă pe Lună</a> și pe <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(planet%C4%83)" title="Mercur (planetă)">Mercur</a>. Se așteaptă ca aproximativ 0,14% din moleculele de apă eliberate de la suprafață să ajungă în capcane, mutându-se în medie de trei ori înainte de a scăpa sau de a fi prinse. <a href="#cite_note-Schorghofer2016-11">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială)">Dawn</a>, prima navă spațială care să-l orbiteze pe Ceres, a stabilit că axa polară nordică este îndreptată către ascensia dreaptă 19 h 25 m 40,3 s (291,418°), declinație +66° 45' 50" (aproximativ 1,5 grade față de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta_Draconis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta Draconis — pagină inexistentă">Delta Draconis</a>), ceea ce înseamnă o înclinare axială de 4°.Aceasta înseamnă că pe Ceres variațiile sezoniere în lumina soarelui în funcție de latitudine sunt puține sau inexistente. <a href="#cite_note-presentation2-70">[68]</a> Pe parcursul a 3 milioane de ani, influența gravitațională a lui Jupiter și Saturn a declanșat schimbări ciclice în înclinarea axială a lui Ceres, variind de la 2 la 20 de grade, ceea ce înseamnă că variații în expunerea la Soare între anotimpuri au avut loc în trecut, ultima perioadă de activitate sezonieră estimată la acum 14.000 de ani. Acele cratere care rămân în umbră în perioadele de înclinare axială maximă sunt cel mai probabil să rețină gheață pe parcursul vieții Sistemului Solar. <a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologie">Geologie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Geologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Geologie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articole principale: <a href="/wiki/Geologia_lui_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologia lui Ceres">Geologia lui Ceres</a> și <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_forme_de_relief_pe_Ceres" title="Listă de forme de relief pe Ceres">Listă de forme de relief pe Ceres</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Ceres este cel mai mare asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost clasificat ca un asteroid <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_de_tip_C" title="Asteroid de tip C">de tip C</a> sau carbonic, și, datorită prezenței mineralelor argiloase, ca un <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_de_tip_G" title="Asteroid de tip G">asteroid de tip G.</a> <a href="#cite_note-Parker2002-72">[70]</a> Compoziția sa este similară, deși nu identică, cu cea a meteoriților condrite carbonice. <a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> Ca formă este un sferoid aplatizat, cu un diametru ecuatorial cu 8% mai mare decât diametrul său polar. Măsurătorile de la sonda spațială Dawn au găsit un diametru mediu de 939,4 kilometri (583,7 mi) și o masă de 7000939000000000000♠9.39 ×1020 kg. <a href="#cite_note-Rayman20150528-74">[72]</a> Acest lucru îi dă Ceres o densitate de 7000216000000000000♠2.16 g/cm3, sugerând că un sfert din masa sa este gheață. <a href="#cite_note-cerescomp-75">[73]</a> Ceres cuprinde 40% masa estimată de (2394±5)×1018 kg a centurii de asteroizi și are de 3½ ori masa următorului asteroid, <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a>, dar are numai 1,3% din masa <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">Lunii</a>. Este cel puțin aproape de a fi în <a href="/wiki/Echilibru_hidrostatic" title="Echilibru hidrostatic">echilibru hidrostatic</a>, deși unele abateri de la o formă de echilibru nu au fost încă explicate. <a href="#cite_note-EPSC-76">[74]</a> Presupunând că este în echilibru, Ceres este singura planetă pitică care este întotdeauna interior orbitei lui Neptun. <a href="#cite_note-cerescomp-75">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Modelare_matematic%C4%83" title="Modelare matematică">Modelarea</a> a sugerat că materialul de rocă al lui Ceres este parțial diferențiat și că poate posedă un <a href="/wiki/Nucleul_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Nucleul Pământului">nucleu</a> mic, <a href="#cite_note-Neumann2015-77">[75]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Bhatia2017-78">[76]</a>, dar datele sunt în concordanță cu o <a href="/wiki/Manta_(geologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manta (geologie)">manta</a> de <a href="/wiki/Silicat" title="Silicat">silicați</a> hidrați și niciun nucleu. <a href="#cite_note-EPSC-76">[74]</a> Diferențierea internă a lui Ceres poate fi legată de lipsa unui <a href="/wiki/Satelit_natural" title="Satelit natural">satelit natural</a>, deoarece se crede că sateliții asteroizilor din centură se formează din perturbări colizionare, creând o structură nediferențiată, o grămadă de moloz.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suprafață">Suprafață</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Suprafață" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Suprafață">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compoziție">Compoziție</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compoziție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Compoziție">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Compoziția suprafeței lui Ceres este omogenă la scară globală și este bogată în <a href="/wiki/Carbonat" title="Carbonat">carbonați</a> și <a href="/wiki/Silicat_(mineral)" title="Silicat (mineral)">filosilicați</a> amoniatați care au fost modificați de apă <a href="#cite_note-EPSC2-80">[78]</a>, deși gheața din <a href="/wiki/Regolit" title="Regolit">regolit</a> variază de la aproximativ 10% la latitudini polare până la mult mai uscat, chiar la fără gheață, în regiunile ecuatoriale. <a href="#cite_note-EPSC2-80">[78]</a> Studiile care utilizează <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_spa%C8%9Bial_Hubble" title="Telescopul spațial Hubble">telescopul spațial Hubble</a> arată că <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafitul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulful</a> și <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_sulf" title="Dioxid de sulf">dioxidul de sulf</a> sunt prezente pe suprafața lui Ceres. Grafitul este evident rezultatul deteriorării spațiale pe suprafețele mai vechi ale lui Ceres; ultimii doi sunt volatili în condiții Cereriene și ar fi de așteptat fie să scape rapid, fie să se așeze în capcane reci și sunt în mod evident asociate cu zone cu activitate geologică relativ recentă. <a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Compus_organic" title="Compus organic">Compuși organici</a> au fost detectați pe Ceres în craterul Ernutet, <a href="#cite_note-organics_2018-82">[80]</a> și cea mai mare parte a suprafeței apropiate a planetei pitice este extrem de bogată în carbon, la aproximativ 20% din masă. <a href="#cite_note-Nature_12_2018-83">[81]</a> Conținutul de carbon este de peste cinci ori mai mare decât în meteoriții condrite carbonice analizați pe Pământ. <a href="#cite_note-Nature_12_2018-83">[81]</a> Carbonul de suprafață prezintă dovezi că este amestecat cu produse ale interacțiunilor rocă-apă, cum ar fi argile. <a href="#cite_note-Nature_12_2018-83">[81]</a> Această chimie sugerează că Ceres s-a format într-un mediu rece, poate în afara orbitei lui Jupiter, și că s-a acretat din materiale ultra-bogate în carbon în prezența apei, ceea ce ar putea oferi condiții favorabile chimiei organice. <a href="#cite_note-Nature_12_2018-83">[81]</a><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 355.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 353.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA21755-CeresMap-CraterNames-20170901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/PIA21755-CeresMap-CraterNames-20170901.jpg/530px-PIA21755-CeresMap-CraterNames-20170901.jpg" decoding="async" width="354" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/PIA21755-CeresMap-CraterNames-20170901.jpg/794px-PIA21755-CeresMap-CraterNames-20170901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/PIA21755-CeresMap-CraterNames-20170901.jpg/1059px-PIA21755-CeresMap-CraterNames-20170901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3829" data-file-height="1954" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 373.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 371.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA20126-Ceres-PolarRegions-Dawn-20151023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/PIA20126-Ceres-PolarRegions-Dawn-20151023.jpg/557px-PIA20126-Ceres-PolarRegions-Dawn-20151023.jpg" decoding="async" width="372" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/PIA20126-Ceres-PolarRegions-Dawn-20151023.jpg/835px-PIA20126-Ceres-PolarRegions-Dawn-20151023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/PIA20126-Ceres-PolarRegions-Dawn-20151023.jpg/1113px-PIA20126-Ceres-PolarRegions-Dawn-20151023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="1336" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cratere">Cratere</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cratere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Cratere">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg/220px-PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg/330px-PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg/440px-PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption>Hartă topografică a lui Ceres. Cele mai joase funduri de cratere (indigo) și cele mai înalte vârfuri (albe) reprezintă o diferență de 15 km în altitudine. <a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150728-el-85">[83]</a> „Ysolo Mons” a fost redenumit în „Yamor Mons”. <a href="#cite_note-ysolo-86">[84]</a></figcaption></figure> Dawn a dezvăluit că Ceres are o suprafață cu multe cratere, deși cu mai puține cratere mari decât se aștepta. <a href="#cite_note-marchi-87">[85]</a> Modelele bazate pe formarea centurii actuale de asteroizi sugerau că Ceres ar trebui să posede 10 până la 15 cratere mai mari de 400 kilometri (250 mi) în diametru. <a href="#cite_note-marchi-87">[85]</a> Cel mai mare crater confirmat de pe Ceres, <a href="/wiki/Kerwan_(crater)" title="Kerwan (crater)">bazinul Kerwan</a>, are 284 kilometri (176 mi). <a href="#cite_note-kerwan-88">[86]</a> Motivul cel mai probabil pentru aceasta este relaxarea vâscoasă a crustei, care aplatizează încet impacturile mai mari. <a href="#cite_note-marchi-87">[85]</a> Regiunea polară nordică a lui Ceres prezintă mult mai multe cratere decât regiunea ecuatorială, cu regiunea ecuatorială de est în special, comparativ ușor craterizată. <a href="#cite_note-strom-89">[87]</a> Frecvența mărimii craterelor între 20 și 100 km (10 și 60 mi) este în concordanță cu faptul că își au originea în <a href="/wiki/Marele_bombardament_t%C3%A2rziu" title="Marele bombardament târziu">Marele bombardament târziu</a>, cu cratere din afara regiunilor polare antice probabil șterse de <a href="/wiki/Criovulcan" title="Criovulcan">criovulcanismul</a> timpuriu. <a href="#cite_note-strom-89">[87]</a> Trei bazine mari de mică adâncime (planitiae) cu margini degradate sunt probabil cratere erodate. <a href="#cite_note-EPSC3-90">[88]</a> Cea mai mare, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vendimia_Planitia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vendimia Planitia — pagină inexistentă">Vendimia Planitia</a>, de 800 km, <a href="#cite_note-marchi2-91">[89]</a> este, de asemenea, cea mai mare formă de relief de pe Ceres. <a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Două dintre cele trei au concentrații de amoniu mai mari decât media.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC3-90">[88]</a> Dawn a observat 4.423 de bolovani mai mari de 105 metri în diametru pe suprafața lui Ceres. Acești bolovani s-au format probabil prin impacturi și se găsesc în interiorul sau în apropierea craterelor, deși nu toate craterele conțin bolovani. Bolovanii mari sunt mai numeroși la latitudini mai mari. Bolovanii de pe Ceres sunt fragili și se degradează rapid din cauza stresului termic (la răsărit și apus, temperatura suprafeței se schimbă rapid) și a impacturilor meteoritice. Vârsta lor maximă este estimată la 150 de milioane de ani, mult mai scurtă decât durata de viață a bolovanilor de pe Vesta.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forme_de_relief_tectonice">Forme de relief tectonice</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Forme de relief tectonice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Forme de relief tectonice">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Deși Ceres nu are <a href="/wiki/Tectonica_pl%C4%83cilor" title="Tectonica plăcilor">plăci tectonice</a> <a href="#cite_note-Sori2-94">[92]</a>, cu marea majoritate a formelor sale de relief fiind legate fie de impacturi, fie de activitatea criovulcanică, mai multe forme de relief potențial <a href="/wiki/Tectonic%C4%83" title="Tectonică">tectonice</a> au fost identificate cu titlu provizoriu pe suprafața sa, în special în emisfera estică. Samhain Catenae, fracturi liniare la scară kilometrică de pe suprafața lui Ceres, nu au nicio legătură aparentă cu impacturile și au o asemănare mai puternică cu lanțurile de cretere gropi, care indică <a href="/wiki/Falie" title="Falie">falii normale</a> îngropate. De asemenea, mai multe cratere de pe Ceres au funduri de mică adâncime, fracturate, compatibile cu intruziunea criomagmatică. <a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criovulcanism">Criovulcanism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Criovulcanism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Criovulcanism">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Pete_luminoase_pe_Ceres" title="Pete luminoase pe Ceres">Pete luminoase pe Ceres</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px;max-width:214px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA20348_crop_-_Ceres%27_Ahuna_Mons_top_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A smooth-sided mountain rising from a grey surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PIA20348_crop_-_Ceres%27_Ahuna_Mons_top_view.jpg/210px-PIA20348_crop_-_Ceres%27_Ahuna_Mons_top_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PIA20348_crop_-_Ceres%27_Ahuna_Mons_top_view.jpg/315px-PIA20348_crop_-_Ceres%27_Ahuna_Mons_top_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PIA20348_crop_-_Ceres%27_Ahuna_Mons_top_view.jpg/420px-PIA20348_crop_-_Ceres%27_Ahuna_Mons_top_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="1412" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Mons" title="Ahuna Mons">Ahuna Mons</a> are o înălțime estimată de 5 km pe cea mai abrupă parte.<a href="#cite_note-PIA20348-96">[94]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA21913-DwarfPlanetCeres-OccatorCrater-SimulatedPerspective-20171212.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Icy patches against a grey, flat background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PIA21913-DwarfPlanetCeres-OccatorCrater-SimulatedPerspective-20171212.jpg/210px-PIA21913-DwarfPlanetCeres-OccatorCrater-SimulatedPerspective-20171212.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PIA21913-DwarfPlanetCeres-OccatorCrater-SimulatedPerspective-20171212.jpg/315px-PIA21913-DwarfPlanetCeres-OccatorCrater-SimulatedPerspective-20171212.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PIA21913-DwarfPlanetCeres-OccatorCrater-SimulatedPerspective-20171212.jpg/420px-PIA21913-DwarfPlanetCeres-OccatorCrater-SimulatedPerspective-20171212.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Cerealia și Vinalia Faculae</div></div></div></div></div> Ceres are un munte proeminent, <a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Mons" title="Ahuna Mons">Ahuna Mons</a>; acest vârf pare a fi un criovulcan și are puține cratere, ceea ce sugerează o vârstă de cel mult 240 de milioane de ani. <a href="#cite_note-sori2-97">[95]</a> Câmpul său gravitațional relativ ridicat sugerează că este dens și, prin urmare, este compus mai mult din rocă decât din gheață și că plasarea sa se datorează probabil diapirismului unei suspensii de saramură și particule de silicat din partea superioară a mantalei. <a href="#cite_note-liebert2-98">[96]</a> Este aproximativ antipodal față de bazinul Kerwan. Energia seismică din impactul de formare a lui Kerwan s-ar fi putut concentra pe partea opusă a lui Ceres, fracturând straturile exterioare ale crustei și facilitând mișcarea criomagmei de înaltă <a href="/wiki/Viscozitate" title="Viscozitate">viscozitate</a> (formată din gheață noroioasă înmuiată de conținutul său de săruri) pe suprafață. <a href="#cite_note-Ruesch2016-99">[97]</a> Kerwan arată dovezi ale efectelor apei lichide din cauza topirii prin impact a gheții subterane. <a href="#cite_note-kerwan2-100">[98]</a> O simulare pe computer din 2018 sugerează că criovulcanii de pe Ceres, odată formați, se retrag din cauza relaxării vâscoase pe parcursul a câteva sute de milioane de ani. Echipa a identificat 22 de forme de relief ca fiind candidați puternici pentru criovulcani relaxați de pe suprafața lui Ceres. <a href="#cite_note-sori22-101">[99]</a> <a href="#cite_note-vanishing-102">[100]</a> Yamor Mons, un vârf străvechi, cu cratere, seamănă cu Ahuna Mons, în ciuda faptului că este mult mai vechi, deoarece se află în regiunea polară a lui Ceres, unde temperaturile mai reci împiedică relaxarea vâscoasă a crustei. <a href="#cite_note-Sori-103">[101]</a> Modelele sugerează că, în ultimele miliarde de ani, pe Ceres s-a format un criovulcan, în medie, la fiecare 50 de milioane de ani. <a href="#cite_note-Sori-103">[101]</a> Erupțiile nu sunt distribuite uniform pe Ceres, dar pot fi legate de bazinele de impact antice. <a href="#cite_note-Sori-103">[101]</a> Modelul sugerează că, spre deosebire de descoperirile de la Ahuna Mons, criovulcanii Cererieni trebuie să fie compuși din material mult mai puțin dens decât media pentru crusta lui Ceres, altfel relaxarea vâscoasă observată nu ar putea avea loc. <a href="#cite_note-sori22-101">[99]</a> Un număr neașteptat de mare de cratere Cereriene au gropi centrale, probabil din cauza proceselor criovulcanice, în timp ce altele au vârfuri centrale. <a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> Sute de puncte luminoase ( aculae) au fost observate de Dawn, cele mai strălucitoare situate la mijlocul <a href="/wiki/Occator_(crater)" title="Occator (crater)">Craterului Occator</a> de 80 de km. <a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> Pata luminoasă din centrul lui Occator se numește Cerealia Facula, <a href="#cite_note-CF-106">[104]</a> și grupul de puncte luminoase la est de el, Vinalia Faculae. <a href="#cite_note-VF-107">[105]</a> Occator posedă o groapă cu o lățime de 9 – 10 km parțial umplută de un dom central. Domul datează de după faculae și se datorează probabil înghețului unui rezervor subteran, comparabil cu <a href="/wiki/Pingo" title="Pingo">pingourile</a> din regiunea arctică a Pământului. <a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180724-108">[106]</a> <a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> O ceață apare periodic deasupra lui Cerealia, susținând ipoteza că un fel de degajare sau sublimare a gheții a format punctele luminoase. <a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> În martie 2016, Dawn a găsit dovezi definitive ale moleculelor de apă pe suprafața lui Ceres la <a href="/wiki/Oxo_(crater)" title="Oxo (crater)">craterul Oxo</a>. <a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Pe 9 decembrie 2015, oamenii de știință de la NASA au raportat că punctele luminoase de pe Ceres se pot datora unui tip de sare, în special saramură evaporată care conține <a href="/wiki/Sulfat_de_magneziu" title="Sulfat de magneziu">sulfat de magneziu</a> hexahidrat (MgSO4·6H2O); s-a constatat că petele sunt, de asemenea, asociate cu argile bogate în amoniac. <a href="#cite_note-NASA-20151209-el-112">[110]</a> Spectrele în <a href="/wiki/Infraro%C8%99u" title="Infraroșu">infraroșu apropiat</a> ale acestor zone luminoase au fost raportate în 2017 ca fiind în concordanță cu o cantitate mare <a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_sodiu" title="Carbonat de sodiu">de carbonat de sodiu</a> (Na 2CO 3) și cantități mai mici de <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_amoniu" title="Clorură de amoniu">clorură de amoniu</a> (NH 4Cl) sau <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonat_de_amoniu" title="Bicarbonat de amoniu">bicarbonat de amoniu</a> (NH 4HCO 3). <a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> <a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> S-a sugerat că aceste materiale provin din cristalizarea saramurilor care au ajuns la suprafață. <a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> În august 2020, NASA a confirmat că Ceres era un corp bogat în apă, cu un rezervor adânc de saramură care s-a infiltrat la suprafață în sute de locații <a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> provocând „pete luminoase”, inclusiv cele din craterul Occator. <a href="#cite_note-PHY-20200811-117">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structură_internă">Structură internă</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structură internă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Structură internă">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA22660-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Inside-ArtistConcept-20180814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a cutaway image of the interior of Ceres" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PIA22660-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Inside-ArtistConcept-20180814.jpg/220px-PIA22660-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Inside-ArtistConcept-20180814.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PIA22660-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Inside-ArtistConcept-20180814.jpg/330px-PIA22660-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Inside-ArtistConcept-20180814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PIA22660-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Inside-ArtistConcept-20180814.jpg/440px-PIA22660-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Inside-ArtistConcept-20180814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Model în trei straturi al structurii interne a lui Ceres:<div><ul><li>Scoarță exterioară groasă (gheță, săruri, minerale hidratate)</li><li>Lichid bogat în sare (saramură) și rocă</li><li>Manta (rocă hidrată)</li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> Geologia activă a lui Ceres este condusă de gheață și saramură. Se estimează că apa care scapă din rocă are o <a href="/wiki/Salinitate" title="Salinitate">salinitate</a> de aproximativ 5%. În total, Ceres este aproximativ 50% apă în volum (comparativ cu 0,1% pentru Pământ) și 73% rocă în masă. <a href="#cite_note-Dawn2017-17">[16]</a> Cele mai mari cratere ale lui Ceres sunt adânci de câțiva kilometri, incompatibil cu o suprafață subțire bogată în gheață. Faptul că suprafața a păstrat cratere de aproape 300 km în diametru indică faptul că stratul cel mai exterior al lui Ceres este de aproximativ 1000 de ori mai puternic decât gheața. Acest lucru este în concordanță cu un amestec de silicați, săruri hidrate și clatrați de metan, cu cel mult aproximativ 30% gheață în volum. <a href="#cite_note-EPSC4-118">[116]</a> <a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Măsurătorile gravitaționale de la Dawn au generat trei modele concurente pentru interiorul lui Ceres. <a href="#cite_note-Dawn20172-120">[118]</a> În modelul cu trei straturi, se crede că Ceres este alcătuit dintr-o scoarță exterioară de 40 km grosime din gheață, săruri și minerale hidrate și o <a href="/wiki/Manta_(geologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manta (geologie)">manta</a> noroioasă interioară de rocă hidratată, cum ar fi argile, separate de un strat intermediar cu o grosime de 60 km dintr-un amestec noroios de saramură și rocă. <a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Nu este posibil să ne dăm seama dacă în centrul al lui Ceres se află lichid sau un nucleu de material dens bogat în metal, <a href="#cite_note-artist-122">[120]</a> dar densitatea centrală scăzută sugerează că poate păstra o porozitate de aproximativ 10%. <a href="#cite_note-Dawn20172-120">[118]</a> Un studiu a estimat densitățile nucleului și ale mantalei/scoarței la 2,46–2,90 și 1,68–1,95 g/cm 3, respectiv, mantaua și scoarța împreună având 70-190 km grosime. Este de așteptat doar deshidratarea parțială (expulzarea gheții) din nucleu, deși densitatea mare a mantalei în raport cu gheața reflectă îmbogățirea acesteia în silicați și săruri. <a href="#cite_note-Park2016-9">[9]</a> Adică, nucleul (dacă există), mantaua și scoarța constau toate din rocă și gheață, deși în proporții diferite. Compoziția minerală a lui Ceres poate fi determinată (indirect) doar pentru cei 100 km exteriori. Crusta exterioară solidă cu o grosime de 40 km este un amestec de gheață, săruri și minerale hidrate. Sub acesta se află un strat care poate conține o cantitate mică de saramură. Aceasta se extinde până la o adâncime de cel puțin 100 km, limita de detectare. Sub aceasta se crede că este o manta dominată de roci hidrate, cum ar fi argile. <a href="#cite_note-artist2-123">[121]</a> Într-un model cu două straturi, Ceres constă dintr-un nucleu de condrule și o manta de gheață amestecată cu particule solide de dimensiunea micronilor ("noroi"). Sublimarea gheții la suprafață ar lăsa un depozit de particule hidrate de aproximativ 20 de metri grosime. Intervalul de diferențiere este în concordanță cu datele, de la un nucleu mare, de 360 km făcut din 75% condrule și 25% particule și o manta de 75% gheață și 25% particule, până la un mic nucleu de 85 km format aproape în întregime din particule și o manta de 30% gheață și 70% particule. Cu un nucleu mare, limita nucleu-manta trebuie să fie suficient de caldă pentru buzunare de saramură. Cu un nucleu mic, mantaua ar trebui să rămână lichidă sub 110 km. În cazul din urmă, o înghețare de 2% a rezervorului de lichid ar comprima suficient lichidul pentru a forța o parte la suprafață, producând criovulcanism. <a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> Un al doilea model cu două straturi sugerează o diferențiere parțială a lui Ceres într-o crustă bogată în volatile și o manta mai densă de silicați hidrați. O gamă de densități pentru scoarță și manta poate fi calculată din tipurile de meteoriți despre care se crede că l-au impactat pe Ceres. Cu meteoriți din clasa CI (densitate 2,46 g/cm3 ), scoarța ar avea o grosime de aproximativ 70 km și o densitate de 1,68 g/cm3; cu meteoriți din clasa CM (densitate 2,9 g/cm3), scoarța ar avea o grosime de aproximativ 190 km și o densitate de 1,9 g/cm3. Modelarea cea mai potrivită dă o scoarța cu o grosime de aproximativ 40 km și cu o densitate de aproximativ 1,25 g/cm3 și o densitate manta/nucleu de aproximativ 2,4 g/cm3.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC5-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atmosferă">Atmosferă</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Atmosferă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Atmosferă">modificare sursă</a>]</div> În 2017, Dawn a confirmat că Ceres are o atmosferă tranzitorie de vapori de apă. <a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Dovezi ale unei atmosfere au apărut la începutul anului 2014, când <a href="/wiki/Herschel_(telescop_spa%C8%9Bial)" title="Herschel (telescop spațial)">Observatorul Spațial Herschel</a> a detectat surse localizate de vapori de apă la latitudini medii pe Ceres, nu mai mari de 60 km în diametru, care eliberează fiecare aproximativ 1026 de molecule (3 kg) de apă pe secundă. <a href="#cite_note-Kuppers2014-127">[125]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Campins2014-128">[126]</a> <a href="#cite_note-131">[c]</a> Două regiuni sursă potențiale, denumite Piazzi (123°E, 21°N) și Regiunea A (231°E, 23°N), au fost observate în <a href="/wiki/Infraro%C8%99u" title="Infraroșu">infraroșu apropiat</a> ca zone întunecate (Regiunea A are și un centru luminos) de Observatorul Keck. Mecanismele posibile pentru eliberarea vaporilor sunt sublimarea a aproximativ 0.6 km2 de gheață de la suprafață expusă, erupții <a href="/wiki/Criovulcan" title="Criovulcan">criovulcanice</a> rezultate din căldura internă <a href="/wiki/Radioactivitate" title="Radioactivitate">radiogenă</a>, <a href="#cite_note-Kuppers2014-127">[125]</a> sau presurizarea unui ocean subteran din cauza îngroșării unui strat de gheață de deasupra. <a href="#cite_note-O'Brien2015-132">[129]</a> În 2015, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Jewitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Jewitt — pagină inexistentă">David Jewitt</a> l-a inclus pe Ceres în lista sa de <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_din_centura_principal%C4%83" title="Cometă din centura principală">asteroizi activi</a>. <a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> Gheața de la suprafață este instabilă la distanțe mai mici de 5 AU de la Soare, <a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2007-134">[131]</a> deci este de așteptat să se <a href="/wiki/Sublimare" title="Sublimare">sublime</a> dacă este expusă direct la radiația solară. Gheața poate migra din straturile adânci ale lui Ceres la suprafață, dar scapă în scurt timp. Sublimarea la suprafață ar fi de așteptat să fie mai mică atunci când Ceres este mai departe de Soare pe orbita sa, în timp ce emisiile alimentate intern nu ar trebui să fie afectate de poziția sa orbitală. Datele limitate disponibile anterior au fost în concordanță cu sublimarea în stil cometar, <a href="#cite_note-Kuppers2014-127">[125]</a> deși dovezile ulterioare de la Dawn sugerează cu tărie că activitatea geologică în curs ar putea fi cel puțin parțial responsabilă. <a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> Studiile care utilizează detectorul de raze gamma și neutroni al lui Dawn (GRaND) arată că Ceres accelerează electronii din vântul solar; cea mai acceptată ipoteză este că acești electroni sunt accelerați de coliziunile dintre vântul solar și o exosferă slabă de vapori de apă. <a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a>Șocuri de arc ca acestea ar putea fi explicate și printr-un câmp magnetic tranzitoriu, dar acest lucru este considerat mai puțin probabil, deoarece interiorul Ceresului nu este considerat a fi suficient de conductiv electric.<a href="#cite_note-:0-137">[134]</a>Exosfera subțire a lui Ceres este reîncărcată în mod continuu prin expunerea petelor de gheață de impacturi, difuzia gheții prin scoarța poroasă de gheață și împrăștierea protonilor în timpul activității solare. <a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> <a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> <a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> Viteza acestei difuzii de vapori crește cu dimensiunea granulelor <a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> și este puternic afectată de o manta globală de praf constând dintr-un agregat de particule de aproximativ 1 micron.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> Reîncărcarea exosferică prin sublimare este foarte mică, rata actuală de degajare fiind de numai 0,003 kg/s. <a href="#cite_note-Schörghofer_74-143">[140]</a> Au fost încercate diverse modele ale unei exosfere existente, inclusiv modele numerice de traiectorie balistică, folosind <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoda_Monte_Carlo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoda Monte Carlo — pagină inexistentă">metoda Monte Carlo</a> (DSMC) și de calote polare.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> <a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> <a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Rezultatele au arătat un timp de înjumătățire al apei exosferei de 7 ore de la modelul traiectoriei balistice, o rată de degazare de 6 kg/s cu o atmosferă subțire optic susținută timp de zeci de zile folosind un model DSMC și calote polare sezoniere formate din livrarea apei din exosferă folosind modelul calotei polare. Mobilitatea moleculelor de apă în exosferă este dominată de hopuri balistice cuplate cu interacțiunea suprafeței, cu toate acestea se cunosc mai puține despre interacțiunile directe cu regoliții planetari. <a href="#cite_note-Schörghofer_74-143">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origine_și_evoluție">Origine și evoluție</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Origine și evoluție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Origine și evoluție">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Ceres este o <a href="/wiki/Protoplanet%C4%83" title="Protoplanetă">protoplanetă</a> supraviețuitoare care s-a format acum 4,56 miliarde de ani; alături de Pallas și Vesta, unul din trei rămași în sistemul solar interior <a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a>, restul fie au fuzionat pentru a forma <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_teluric%C4%83" title="Planetă telurică">planete telurice</a>, fie au fost spulberate în ciocniri <a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a>, fie aruncate din sistem de Jupiter. <a href="#cite_note-Petit2001-149">[146]</a> În ciuda locației sale actuale, compoziția lui Ceres nu este în concordanță cu o formare în centura de asteroizi. Se pare mai degrabă că s-a format între orbitele lui Jupiter și Saturn și a fost mutat în centura de asteroizi pe măsură ce Jupiter a migrat în exterior. <a href="#cite_note-Dawn20173-150">[147]</a> Descoperirea sărurilor de amoniac în craterul Occator susține o origine în sistemul solar exterior, deoarece amoniacul este mult mai abundent în acea regiune. <a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> Evoluția geologică timpurie a lui Ceres a fost dependentă de sursele de căldură disponibile în timpul și după formarea sa: energia de impact din <a href="/wiki/Acre%C8%9Bie_(astronomie)" title="Acreție (astronomie)">acreția</a> <a href="/wiki/Planetezimal" title="Planetezimal">planetezimală</a> și dezintegrarea <a href="/wiki/Radioizotop" title="Radioizotop">radioizotopilor</a> (incluzând posibili radioizotopi dispăruți de scurtă durată, cum ar fi aluminiul-26). Acestea ar fi fost suficiente pentru a-i permite lui Ceres să se diferențieze într-un nucleu de rocă și o manta de gheață, <a href="#cite_note-Bhatia20172-152">[149]</a> și chiar într-un ocean de apă lichidă la scurt timp după formarea sa. <a href="#cite_note-EPSC6-153">[150]</a> Acest ocean de apă ar fi trebuit să lase un strat de gheață sub suprafață în timp ce a înghețat. Faptul că Dawn nu a găsit nicio dovadă a unui astfel de strat sugerează că scoarța originală a lui Ceres a fost cel puțin parțial distrusă de impacturile ulterioare, amestecând temeinic gheața cu sărurile și materialul bogat în silicați din fundul mării antice și materialul de dedesubt. <a href="#cite_note-EPSC6-153">[150]</a> Ceres posedă un număr surprinzător de mic de cratere mari, ceea ce sugerează că relaxarea vâscoasă și criovulcanismul au șters fomele de relief mai vechi. <a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> Prezența argilelor și carbonaților necesită reacții chimice la temperaturi de peste 50°C, în concordanță cu activitatea hidrotermală. <a href="#cite_note-liebert3-155">[152]</a> Ceres a devenit considerabil mai puțin activ din punct de vedere geologic odată cu timpul, cu o suprafață dominată de <a href="/wiki/Crater_de_impact" title="Crater de impact">cratere de impact</a>; cu toate acestea, dovezile de la Dawn dezvăluie că procesele interne au continuat să sculpteze suprafața lui Ceres într-o măsură semnificativă<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> și contrar așteptărilor anterioare că dimensiunile mici ale lui Ceres i-ar fi oprit activitatea geologic la începutul istoriei sale. <a href="#cite_note-Castillo-Rogez2007-157">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locuibilitate">Locuibilitate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Locuibilitate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Locuibilitate">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA20353_Ceres_Neutron_Counts_Reflect_Hydrogen_Abundance_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a polar image of Ceres showing dark blue across the northern hemisphere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PIA20353_Ceres_Neutron_Counts_Reflect_Hydrogen_Abundance_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-PIA20353_Ceres_Neutron_Counts_Reflect_Hydrogen_Abundance_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PIA20353_Ceres_Neutron_Counts_Reflect_Hydrogen_Abundance_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-PIA20353_Ceres_Neutron_Counts_Reflect_Hydrogen_Abundance_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PIA20353_Ceres_Neutron_Counts_Reflect_Hydrogen_Abundance_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-PIA20353_Ceres_Neutron_Counts_Reflect_Hydrogen_Abundance_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Concentrația de hidrogen (albastru) în metrul superior de regolit indicând prezența gheții</figcaption></figure> Deși Ceres nu este discutat la fel de activ ca o potențială casă pentru <a href="/wiki/Via%C8%9B%C4%83_extraterestr%C4%83" title="Viață extraterestră">viața extraterestră</a> <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microbiană</a> precum <a href="/wiki/Marte_(planet%C4%83)" title="Marte (planetă)">Marte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(satelit)" title="Enceladus (satelit)">Enceladus</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Titan_(satelit)" title="Titan (satelit)">Titan</a>, are cea mai multă apă din orice corp din Sistemul Solar interior după Pământ, <a href="#cite_note-liebert4-158">[155]</a> și probabilele buzunare de saramură de sub suprafața sa ar putea oferi habitate pentru viață. <a href="#cite_note-liebert4-158">[155]</a> Deși nu suferă o încălzire mareică, ca Europa sau Enceladus, este suficient de aproape de Soare și conține destui izotopi radioactivi cu viață lungă, pentru a păstra apa lichidă în subsol pentru perioade lungi de timp. <a href="#cite_note-liebert4-158">[155]</a> Detectarea de la distanță a <a href="/wiki/Compus_organic" title="Compus organic">compușilor organici</a> și prezența apei amestecate cu 20% carbon în masă pe suprafața sa ar putea oferi condiții favorabile chimiei organice. <a href="#cite_note-Nature_12_20182-159">[156]</a> Dintre elementele biochimice, Ceres este bogat în <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a> și <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> dar <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosforul</a> nu a fost încă detectat <a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a>, iar sulful, în ciuda faptului că a fost sugerat de observațiile în ultraviolete Hubble, nu a fost detectat de Dawn. <a href="#cite_note-liebert4-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observare_și_explorare">Observare și explorare</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Observare și explorare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Observare și explorare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observare">Observare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Observare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Observare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ceres_optimized.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a brown fuzzy sphere with some blurry bright and dark spots" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceres_optimized.jpg/220px-Ceres_optimized.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceres_optimized.jpg/330px-Ceres_optimized.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceres_optimized.jpg/440px-Ceres_optimized.jpg 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>O imagine îmbunătățită făcută de Hubble a lui Ceres, cea mai bună obținută de pe Pământ, realizată în 2004</figcaption></figure> Când se află la opoziție în apropierea <a href="/wiki/Apsid%C4%83" title="Apsidă">periheliului</a> său, Ceres poate atinge o <a href="/wiki/Magnitudine_aparent%C4%83" title="Magnitudine aparentă">magnitudine aparentă</a> de +6,7. <a href="#cite_note-Pasachoff1983-162">[159]</a> Aceasta este prea slabă pentru a fi vizibilă cu <a href="/wiki/Ochiul_liber" title="Ochiul liber">ochiul liber</a>, dar în condiții ideale de observare, ochi ageri ar putea să-l vadă. Vesta este singuriul alt asteroid care poat atinge o magnitudine la fel de mare în mod regulat, în timp ce Pallas și <a href="/wiki/7_Iris" title="7 Iris">7 Iris</a> doar atunci când sunt și în opoziție și în apropierea periheliului. <a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> Când este la<a href="/wiki/Conjunc%C8%9Bie_(astronomie)" title="Conjuncție (astronomie)">conjuncție</a>, Ceres are o magnitudine de aproximativ +9,3, ceea ce corespunde celor mai slabe obiecte vizibile cu un binoclu de 10×50; astfel poate fi văzut cu un astfel de binoclu într-un cer <a href="/wiki/Poluare_luminoas%C4%83" title="Poluare luminoasă">natural întunecat</a> și senin în jurul <a href="/wiki/Lun%C4%83_nou%C4%83" title="Lună nouă">Lunii noi</a>. Pe 13 noiembrie 1984, a fost observată o <a href="/wiki/Oculta%C8%9Bie" title="Ocultație">ocultație</a> a stelei BD+8°471 de către Ceres în <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, Florida și în <a href="/wiki/Caraibe" title="Caraibe">Caraibe</a>, permițând măsurători mai bune ale dimensiunii, formei și albedo-ului acestuia. <a href="#cite_note-Millis1987-164">[161]</a> Pe 25 iunie 1995, Hubble a obținut imagini în ultraviolete ale lui Ceres cu o rezoluție de 50 km. <a href="#cite_note-Parker20022-165">[162]</a> În 2002, <a href="/wiki/Observatorul_W._M._Keck" title="Observatorul W. M. Keck">Observatorul Keck</a> a obținut imagini în infraroșu cu o rezoluție de 30 km folosind <a href="/wiki/Optic%C4%83_adaptativ%C4%83" title="Optică adaptativă">optica adaptivă</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Keck-166">[163]</a> Înainte de misiunea Dawn, doar câteva forme de relief fuseseră detectate fără ambiguitate pe Ceres. Imaginile <a href="/wiki/Raze_ultraviolete" title="Raze ultraviolete">ultraviolete</a> de înaltă rezoluție realizate de Telescopul Spațial Hubble în 1995 au arătat o pată întunecată pe suprafața sa, care a fost supranumită „Piazzi” în onoarea descoperitorului lui Ceres. <a href="#cite_note-Parker20023-167">[164]</a> Se credea că este un crater. Imaginile cu lumină vizibilă făcute Hubble ale unei rotații complete în 2003 și 2004 au arătat 11 forme de relief recunoscute, ale căror naturi erau nedeterminate. <a href="#cite_note-Li2006-13">[12]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Hubbl12003-4-168">[165]</a> Una dintre acestea corespundea zonei Piazzi. <a href="#cite_note-Li2006-13">[12]</a> Imaginile în <a href="/wiki/Infraro%C8%99u" title="Infraroșu">infraroșu apropiat</a> de-a lungul unei întregi rotații, realizate cu optică adaptivă de către Observatorul Keck în 2012, au arătat zone luminoase și întunecate care se mișcă odată cu rotația lui Ceres. <a href="#cite_note-Carry2008-169">[166]</a> Două regiuni întunecate aveau forme circulare și se presupunea că sunt cratere; Sa observat că unul dintre ele are o regiune centrală strălucitoare, în timp ce altul a fost identificat drept zona Piazzi. <a href="#cite_note-Carry2008-169">[166]</a>Dawn a dezvăluit în cele din urmă că Piazzi este o regiune întunecată în mijlocul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vendimia_Planitia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vendimia Planitia — pagină inexistentă">Vendimia Planitia</a>, aproape de craterul <a href="/wiki/Dantu_(crater)" title="Dantu (crater)">Dantu</a>, iar cealaltă zonă întunecată se află în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanami_Planitia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanami Planitia — pagină inexistentă">Hanami Planitia</a> și aproape de <a href="/wiki/Occator_(crater)" title="Occator (crater)">craterul Occator</a>. <a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misiunea_Dawn">Misiunea Dawn</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Misiunea Dawn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Misiunea Dawn">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială)">Dawn (sondă spațială)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a great pink elipse forms around a small green dot, which slowly gets surrounded by a mattte pink halo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif/200px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif/300px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif/400px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Animație a traiectoriei <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială)">Dawn</a> în jurul lui Ceres de pe 1 februarie 2015 până în 1 februarie 2025  <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială)">Dawn</a>  Ceres</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dawn_spacecraft_model.png"><img alt="Dawn seen ion drive firing" resource="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dawn_spacecraft_model.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dawn_spacecraft_model.png/220px-Dawn_spacecraft_model.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dawn_spacecraft_model.png/330px-Dawn_spacecraft_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dawn_spacecraft_model.png/440px-Dawn_spacecraft_model.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Artist's conception of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" class="extiw" title="en:Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn spacecraft</a></figcaption></figure> La începutul anilor 1990, NASA a inițiat <a href="/wiki/Programul_Discovery" title="Programul Discovery">Programul Discovery</a>, care urma să fie o serie de misiuni științifice cu costuri reduse. În 1996, echipa de studiu a programului a recomandat ca prioritate mare o misiune de explorare a centurii de asteroizi folosind o sondă spațială cu un <a href="/wiki/Motor_ionic" title="Motor ionic">motor ionic</a>. Finanțarea acestui program a rămas problematică timp de aproape un deceniu, dar până în 2004 vehiculul <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială)">Dawn</a> trecuse de revizuirea critică a designului. <a href="#cite_note-Russell2007-171">[168]</a> Dawn, prima misiune spațială care i-a vizitat fie pe Vesta, fie pe Ceres a fost lansată pe 27 septembrie 2007. Pe 3 mai 2011, Dawn a făcut prima imagine de direcționare de la 1.200.000 km de Vesta. <a href="#cite_note-pr2011-138-172">[169]</a> După ce a orbitat-o pe Vesta timp de 13 luni, Dawn și-a folosit motorul ionic pentru a pleca spre Ceres, captarea gravitațională a avut loc pe 6 martie 2015 <a href="#cite_note-Schenk2015-01-15-173">[170]</a> la o separare de 61.000 km, <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2014.12.01-174">[171]</a> cu patru luni înainte de zborul <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> pe lângă Pluto. <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2014.12.01-174">[171]</a> Instrumentele navei spațiale au inclus o cameră de încadrare, un <a href="/wiki/Spectrometru" title="Spectrometru">spectrometru</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectru_vizibil" title="Spectru vizibil">vizual</a> și <a href="/wiki/Infraro%C8%99u" title="Infraroșu">infraroșu</a> și un detector <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_gama" title="Radiație gama">de raze gamma</a> și <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a>. Aceste instrumente au examinat forma lui Ceres și compoziția elementară. <a href="#cite_note-Russel2006-175">[172]</a> Pe 13 ianuarie 2015, când Dawn s-a apropiat de Ceres, nava spațială a făcut primele imagini cu o rezoluție apropiată de cea a lui Hubble, dezvăluind cratere de impact și o mică pată cu albedo ridicat pe suprafață, aproape de aceeași locație ca cea observată anterior. Sesiuni suplimentare de imagistică, cu o rezolutie din ce in ce mai buna, au avut loc din ferbruarie până în aprilie. <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2015.01.30-176">[173]</a> Profilul misiunii Dawn i-a cerut să-l studieze pe Ceres dintr-o serie de orbite polare circulare la altitudini succesiv mai mici. A intrat pe prima sa orbită de observație („RC3”) în jurul lui Ceres la o altitudine de 13.500 km pe 23 aprilie 2015, rămânând doar o orbită (15 zile). <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2015.03.06-177">[174]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2014.03.03-178">[175]</a> Nava spațială și-a redus ulterior distanța orbitală la 4.400 km pentru a doua sa orbită („studiu”) de observație timp de trei săptămâni, <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2014.05.07-179">[176]</a> apoi până la 1.470 ("HAMO;" orbită de cartografiere la altitudine mare) timp de două luni <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2014.07.01-180">[177]</a> și apoi până la orbita sa finală la 375 km ("LAMO;" orbită de cartografiere la altitudine mică) timp de cel puțin trei luni. <a href="#cite_note-Rayman2014.09.02-181">[178]</a> În octombrie 2015, NASA a lansat un portret în culori adevărate al lui Ceres realizat de Dawn. <a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> În 2017, misiunea lui Dawn a fost extinsă pentru a efectua o serie de orbite mai apropiate și mai strânse în jurul lui Ceres, până când <a href="/wiki/Hidrazin%C4%83" title="Hidrazină">hidrazina</a> folosită pentru a-și menține orbita sa epuizat. <a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> Dawn a descoperit imediat dovezi ale criovulcanismului. Două puncte luminoase distincte (sau forme de relief cu albedo ridicat) în interiorul unui crater (diferite de punctele luminoase observate în imaginile anterioare Hubble) <a href="#cite_note-SL-20150511-184">[181]</a> au fost văzute într-o imagine de pe 19 februarie 2015, ceea ce a condus la speculații despre o posibilă origine criovulcanică <a href="#cite_note-O'Neill2015.02.25-185">[182]</a> sau din degajare. <a href="#cite_note-planetary.org-186">[183]</a> Pe 2 septembrie 2016, oamenii de știință din echipa Dawn au susținut într-o lucrare <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a> că Ahuna Mons a fost cea mai puternică dovadă de până acum pentru formele de relief criovulcanice pe Ceres. <a href="#cite_note-Ruesch20162-187">[184]</a> Pe 11 mai 2015, NASA a lansat o imagine cu rezoluție mai mare care arată că petele erau de fapt compuse din mai multe pete mai mici. <a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> Pe 9 decembrie 2015, oamenii de știință de la NASA au raportat că punctele luminoase de pe Ceres pot fi legate de un tip de sare, în special de o formă de saramură care conține sulfat de magneziu hexahidrat (MgSO4·6H2O); s-a găsit, de asemenea, că petele sunt asociate cu argile bogate în <a href="/wiki/Amoniac" title="Amoniac">amoniac</a>. <a href="#cite_note-NASA-20151209-el2-189">[186]</a> În iunie 2016, spectrele în infraroșu apropiat ale acestor zone luminoase s-au dovedit a fi în concordanță cu o cantitate mare de carbonat de sodiu (Na2CO3), ceea ce sugerează că activitatea geologică recentă a fost probabil implicată în crearea punctelor luminoase. <a href="#cite_note-De_Sanctis-190">[187]</a> Din iunie până în octombrie 2018, Dawn a orbitat în jurul lui Ceres de la o apropiere de 35 km până la o depărtare de 4.000 km. <a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180613-191">[188]</a> Misiunea Dawn s-a încheiat pe 1 noiembrie 2018, după ce nava spațială a rămas fără combustibil. <a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misiuni_viitoare">Misiuni viitoare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Misiuni viitoare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Misiuni viitoare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> În 2020, o echipă ESA a propus conceptul Misiunii Calathus, o misiune ulterioară către craterul Occator, pentru a returna pe Pământ o mostră din faculaele strălucitoare cu carbonatați și compuși organici întunecați. <a href="#cite_note-organics_20182-193">[190]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administra%C8%9Bia_Spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_din_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrația Spațială Națională din China — pagină inexistentă">Agenția Spațială Chineză</a> proiectează o misiune de returnare a unei mostre de pe Ceres, care ar urma să aibă loc în anii 2020. <a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și">Vezi și</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonizarea_lui_Ceres" title="Colonizarea lui Ceres">Colonizarea lui Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_asteroizi_notabili" title="Listă de asteroizi notabili">Listă de asteroizi notabili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_forme_de_relief_pe_Ceres" title="Listă de forme de relief pe Ceres">Listă de forme de relief pe Ceres</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note_explicative">Note explicative</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note explicative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Note explicative">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Valoarea dată pentru Ceres este momentul de inerție mediu, despre care se crede că reprezintă mai bine structura sa interioară decât momentul de inerție polar , datorită aplatizării polare mari.<a href="#cite_note-Park2016-9">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> În 1807, Klaproth a încercat să schimbe numele elementului în cererium, pentru a evita confuzia cu rădăcina cēra, „ceară” (ca în cereous, „ceros”), dar numele nu a devenit popular.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Această rată de emisie este modestă în comparație cu cele calculate pentru penele create de forțele mareice ale lui <a href="/wiki/Enceladus" class="mw-disambig" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a> (un corp mai mic) și <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a> (un corp mai mare), 200 kg/s<a href="#cite_note-Hansen2006-129">[127]</a> și, respectiv, 7000 kg/s.<a href="#cite_note-Europa_tidal_forces_2013-130">[128]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Note">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="cite-bracket" style="-moz-column-width: 2 <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Lutz_D._Schmadel" title="Lutz D. Schmadel">Schmadel, Lutz</a> (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216235253/https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA15">Dictionary of minor planet names</a> (ed. 5th). Germany: Springer. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-540-00238-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-540-00238-3">978-3-540-00238-3</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA15">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-02-16">16 februarie 2021</time>. 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A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts (în engleză). <time datetime="1802">1802</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-05-29">29 mai 2022</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+The+New+Planet+Ceres&rft.btitle=A+Journal+of+Natural+Philosophy%2C+Chemistry%2C+and+the+Arts&rft.date=1802&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D81_YWtSQUhcC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Souami_Souchay_2012-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Souami_Souchay_2012_3-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Souami, D.; Souchay, J. (iulie 2012). „The solar system's invariable plane”. 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JPL Solar System Dynamics. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-06-09">9 iunie 2021</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-09-26">26 septembrie 2021</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Browser%3A+1+Ceres&rft.pub=JPL+Solar+System+Dynamics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsbdb.cgi%3Fsstr%3DCeres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ceres-POE-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Ceres-POE_5-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111121225850/http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1">„AstDyS-2 Ceres Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements”</a>. Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-21">21 noiembrie 2011</time>. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2021-07-18">18 iulie 2021</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Titius-Bode+Law+and+the+Discovery+of+Ceres&rft.volume=242&rft.pages=241-246&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1948JRASC..42..241S&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Helen+Sawyer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2F1948JRASC..42..241S%2F0000244.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-20160126-24"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20160126_24-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Landau, Elizabeth (<time datetime="2016-01-26">26 ianuarie 2016</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524043553/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4824">„Ceres: Keeping Well-Guarded Secrets for 215 Years”</a>. NASA. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4824">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-05-24">24 mai 2019</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2016-01-26">26 ianuarie 2016</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Ceres%3A+Keeping+Well-Guarded+Secrets+for+215+Years&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Ffeature%3D4824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoskin3-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hoskin3_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoskin3_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoskin3_25-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web">Hoskin, Michael (<time datetime="1992-06-26">26 iunie 1992</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071116022100/http://www.astropa.unipa.it/HISTORY/hoskin.html">„Bode's Law and the Discovery of Ceres”</a>. Observatorio Astronomico di Palermo "Giuseppe S. Vaiana". Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astropa.unipa.it/HISTORY/hoskin.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-11-16">16 noiembrie 2007</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-07-05">5 iulie 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bode%27s+Law+and+the+Discovery+of+Ceres&rft.pub=Observatorio+Astronomico+di+Palermo+%22Giuseppe+S.+Vaiana%22&rft.date=1992-06-26&rft.aulast=Hoskin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astropa.unipa.it%2FHISTORY%2Fhoskin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes1971-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes1971_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes1971_26-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Forbes, Eric G. (<time datetime="1971">1971</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718200510/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1971JHA.....2..195F">„Gauss and the Discovery of Ceres”</a>. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 2 (3): 195–199. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971JHA.....2..195F">1971JHA.....2..195F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182867100200305">10.1177/002182867100200305</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1971JHA.....2..195F">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-07-18">18 iulie 2021</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-07-18">18 iulie 2021</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Gauss+and+the+Discovery+of+Ceres&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=195-199&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182867100200305&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1971JHA.....2..195F&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Eric+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Ffull%2F1971JHA.....2..195F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cunningham, Clifford J. (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CXdMPwAACAAJ">The first asteroid: Ceres, 1801–2001</a>. Star Lab Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-9708162-1-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-9708162-1-4">978-0-9708162-1-4</a>. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-10-23">23 octombrie 2015</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+first+asteroid%3A+Ceres%2C+1801%E2%80%932001&rft.pub=Star+Lab+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-9708162-1-4&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Clifford+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCXdMPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes19712-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes19712_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes19712_28-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Forbes, Eric G. (<time datetime="1971">1971</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718200510/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1971JHA.....2..195F">„Gauss and the Discovery of Ceres”</a>. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 2 (3): 195–199. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971JHA.....2..195F">1971JHA.....2..195F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182867100200305">10.1177/002182867100200305</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1971JHA.....2..195F">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-07-18">18 iulie 2021</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-07-18">18 iulie 2021</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Gauss+and+the+Discovery+of+Ceres&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=195-199&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182867100200305&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1971JHA.....2..195F&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Eric+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Ffull%2F1971JHA.....2..195F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Michael Martin Nieto (<time datetime="1972">1972</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NneoBQAAQBAJ&q=bode+law+neptune+coincidence+1846&pg=PP1">The Titius-Bode Law of Planetary Distances: Its History and Theory</a>. Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781483159362" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781483159362">9781483159362</a>. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-09-23">23 septembrie 2021</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Titius-Bode+Law+of+Planetary+Distances%3A+Its+History+and+Theory&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9781483159362&rft.au=Michael+Martin+Nieto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNneoBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbode%2Blaw%2Bneptune%2Bcoincidence%2B1846%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hughues-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hughues_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughues_30-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hughes, David W (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802115814/http://legacy.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1994qjras..35..331h">„The Historical Unravelling of the Diameters of the First Four Asteroids”</a>. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 35: 331–344. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994QJRAS..35..331H">1994QJRAS..35..331H</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1994qjras..35..331h">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-08-02">2 august 2021</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-08-02">2 august 2021</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Unravelling+of+the+Diameters+of+the+First+Four+Asteroids&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=331-344&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994QJRAS..35..331H&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=David+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fpdf%2F1994qjras..35..331h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes19713-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes19713_31-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Forbes, Eric G. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2021-09-23">23 septembrie 2021</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%27s+Deep-space+Exploration+to+2030&rft.pub=Key+Laboratory+of+Lunar+and+Deep+Space+Exploration%2C+National+Astronomical+Observatories%2C+Chinese+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Beijing&rft.au=Zou+Yongliao+Li+Wei+Ouyang+Ziyuan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.nssc.cas.cn%2Fns%2FNU%2F201410%2FW020141016603613379886.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACeres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe">Legături externe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trek.nasa.gov/ceres/">Ceres Trek – Un browser de hărți integrat de seturi de date și hărți pentru 1 Ceres</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/2400/ceres-3d-model/">Modelul Ceres 3D – NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJYfeZoHbzU">Destinația Ceres: Mic dejun în zori – NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/">Pagina principală a misiunii Dawn</a> la JPL</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbitsimulator.com/gravity/articles/ceres.html">Simularea orbitei lui Ceres</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/space/ceres/@18.4654488,-119.2804374,11484597m/">Google Ceres 3D</a>, harta interactivă a planetei pitice</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keplersdiscovery.com/Asteroid.html">Cum a determinat Gauss orbita lui Ceres</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414165827/http://www.keplersdiscovery.com/Asteroid.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-04-14">14 aprilie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. de la keplersdiscovery.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imgur.com/4B1TfHg">Harta colorată animată reproiectată a lui Ceres</a> (22 februarie 2015)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JN98N6ZYU8">Video (3:34): Ceres "Bright Spots" – Mystery solved (10 August 2020)</a> pe <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/136797589@N04/36035176992/">Model de relief rotativ al</a> lui Ceres de Seán Doran (aproximativ 60% dintr-o rotație completă; începe cu Occator la jumătatea distanței deasupra centrului)</li> <li>en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29">Ceres (planetă pitică)</a> la <a href="/wiki/JPL_Small-Body_Database" title="JPL Small-Body Database">JPL Small-Body Database</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29#discovery">Descoperire</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29&orb=1#orb">Diagrama orbitei</a> (Java) · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29#elem">Caracteristici orbitale</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres+%28planet%C4%83+pitic%C4%83%29#phys_par">Parametri fizici</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1&pc=1.1.0">Ceres (planetă pitică)</a> la at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1&pc=1.1.3.0">Efemeride</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1&pc=1.1.4.0">Preziceri de observare</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1&pc=1.1.1">Informații orbitale</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1&pc=1.1.6">Elemente proprii</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1&pc=1.1.7.0">Informarții observaționale</a></li></ul></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#BFD7FF;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:NavigatorPlaneteMinore" title="Format:NavigatorPlaneteMinore">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:NavigatorPlaneteMinore" title="Discuție Format:NavigatorPlaneteMinore">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:NavigatorPlaneteMinore&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Lista_planetelor_minore" title="Lista planetelor minore">Navigator</a> de <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83" title="Planetă minoră">planete minore</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;vertical-align:middle;">Planete minore </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> Ceres (planetă pitică)    ·      2 Pallas ►    ·      <a href="/wiki/3_Juno" title="3 Juno">3 Juno</a> ►► </div></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Vesta_darkside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vesta"><img alt="Vesta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vesta_darkside.jpg/45px-Vesta_darkside.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vesta_darkside.jpg/68px-Vesta_darkside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vesta_darkside.jpg/90px-Vesta_darkside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;vertical-align:middle;">Grupuri de asteroizi </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Vulcanoid_(asteroid)" title="Vulcanoid (asteroid)">Vulcanoizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi">Centura de asteroizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Troian_(asteroid)" title="Troian (asteroid)">Troieni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(planetoid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaur (planetoid)">Centauri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Obiect_trans-neptunian" class="mw-redirect" title="Obiect trans-neptunian">OTN</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background:#BFD7FF;;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Proiect:Astronomie" title="Proiect:Astronomie">Proiect</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sistemul_solar" title="Portal:Sistemul solar">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Ceres" title="Format:Ceres"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style="text-align:center;;;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Ceres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Ceres — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style="text-align:center;;;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Ceres&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style="text-align:center;;;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceres" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_forme_de_relief_pe_Ceres" title="Listă de forme de relief pe Ceres">Geografie</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geologia_lui_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologia lui Ceres">Geologia lui Ceres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Cratere</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achita_(crater)" title="Achita (crater)">Achita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coniraya_(crater)" title="Coniraya (crater)">Coniraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dantu_(crater)" title="Dantu (crater)">Dantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezinu_(crater)" title="Ezinu (crater)">Ezinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fejokoo_(crater)" title="Fejokoo (crater)">Fejokoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haulani_(crater)" title="Haulani (crater)">Haulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerwan_(crater)" title="Kerwan (crater)">Kerwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawish_(crater)" title="Nawish (crater)">Nawish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occator_(crater)" title="Occator (crater)">Occator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxo_(crater)" title="Oxo (crater)">Oxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintana_(crater)" title="Sintana (crater)">Sintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupo_(crater)" title="Tupo (crater)">Tupo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urvara_(crater)" title="Urvara (crater)">Urvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalode_(crater)" title="Yalode (crater)">Yalode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Montes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Mons" title="Ahuna Mons">Ahuna Mons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Alte forme de relief</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pete_luminoase_pe_Ceres" title="Pete luminoase pe Ceres">Pete luminoase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imagine cu Ceres făcută de sonda spațialăDawn."><img alt="Imagine cu Ceres făcută de sonda spațialăDawn." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg/125px-PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg/188px-PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg/250px-PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="665" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:NASAPIA19579cropspots.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NASAPIA19579cropspots.JPG/125px-NASAPIA19579cropspots.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NASAPIA19579cropspots.JPG/188px-NASAPIA19579cropspots.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NASAPIA19579cropspots.JPG/250px-NASAPIA19579cropspots.JPG 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="243" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Astronomie</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Clasificare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică">Planetă pitică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">Planetă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defini%C8%9Bia_planetelor_conform_UAI" title="Definiția planetelor conform UAI">Definiția IAU a planetei din 2006</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Descoperire</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnaba_Oriani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnaba Oriani — pagină inexistentă">Barnaba Oriani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Wollaston_(astronom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Wollaston (astronom) — pagină inexistentă">Francis Wollaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_von_Zach" title="Franz Xaver von Zach">Franz Xaver von Zach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Matthias_Olbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers">Heinrich Olbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Lalande" class="mw-redirect" title="Jérôme Lalande">Jérôme Lalande</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Elert_Bode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Elert Bode — pagină inexistentă">Johann Elert Bode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_Mayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobias Mayer — pagină inexistentă">Tobias Mayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Posibili troieni și co-orbitali</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(185105)_2006_SV23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(185105) 2006 SV23 — pagină inexistentă">(185105) 2006 SV23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1372_Haremari" title="1372 Haremari">1372 Haremari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(76146)_2000_EU16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(76146) 2000 EU16 — pagină inexistentă">(76146) 2000 EU16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Explorare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială)">Misiunea Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceres_Polar_Lander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceres Polar Lander — pagină inexistentă">Ceres Polar Lander</a> (propus)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calathus_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calathus Mission — pagină inexistentă">Calathus Mission</a> (propus)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#BFD7FF;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Mici_corpuri_cere%C8%99ti_din_Sistemul_Solar" title="Format:Mici corpuri cerești din Sistemul Solar">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Mici_corpuri_cere%C8%99ti_din_Sistemul_Solar" title="Discuție Format:Mici corpuri cerești din Sistemul Solar">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Mici_corpuri_cere%C8%99ti_din_Sistemul_Solar&action=edit">m</a></div></div>Mici corpuri cerești din Sistemul Solar </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83" title="Planetă minoră">Planete minore</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Denumirea_planetelor_minore" title="Denumirea planetelor minore">Denumire</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lista_grupurilor_de_planete_minore" title="Lista grupurilor de planete minore">Grupuri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Satelit_al_unei_planete_minore" title="Satelit al unei planete minore">Sateliți</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnifica%C8%9Bii_ale_numelor_planetelor_minore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semnificații ale numelor planetelor minore — pagină inexistentă">Semnificații ale numelor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroizi</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Amor" title="Asteroid Amor">Asteroid Amor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Aten" title="Asteroid Aten">Asteroid Aten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Familie_Hirayama" title="Familie Hirayama">Familie de asteroizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Troian_jovian" class="mw-redirect" title="Troian jovian">Troieni jovieni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi">Centura de asteroizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Obiecte_din_apropierea_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului#Asteroizi" title="Obiecte din apropierea Pământului">Asteroid din apropierea Pământului</a> · <a href="/wiki/Clasele_spectrale_ale_asteroizilor" title="Clasele spectrale ale asteroizilor">Clase spectrale</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică">Planete pitice</a></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceres</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Pluton">sateliți</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Haumea (planetă pitică)">Haumea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Haumea" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Haumea">sateliți</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Makemake (planetă pitică)">Makemake</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Eris_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Eris (planetă pitică)">Eris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(satelit)" title="Dysnomia (satelit)">satelit</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Planete minore îndepărtate</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83)" title="Centaur (planetă minoră)">Centauri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Damocloid" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroid Damocloid">Damocloizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Troian_neptunian" title="Troian neptunian">Troieni neptunieni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Obiect_transneptunian" title="Obiect transneptunian">Obiect transneptunian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Obiect_deta%C8%99at" title="Obiect detașat">Detașat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centura_Kuiper" title="Centura Kuiper">Centura Kuiper</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norul_lui_Oort" title="Norul lui Oort">Norul lui Oort</a> · <a href="/wiki/Discul_%C3%AEmpr%C4%83%C8%99tiat" title="Discul împrăștiat">Discul împrăștiat</a>)</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83" title="Cometă">Comete</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Activitate_cometar%C4%83" title="Activitate cometară">Activitate cometară</a> · <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_disp%C4%83rut%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Cometă dispărută">Dispărute</a> · <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_mare" title="Cometă mare">Mare</a> · <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_pierdut%C4%83" title="Cometă pierdută">Pierdută</a> · <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_din_centura_principal%C4%83" title="Cometă din centura principală">Din centura principală</a> · <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_comete" title="Listă de comete">Listă de comete</a> · <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_comete_aproape_parabolice" title="Listă de comete aproape parabolice">Aproape parabolice</a> · <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_periodic%C4%83" title="Cometă periodică">Periodice</a> · <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_razant%C4%83" title="Cometă razantă">Sungrazing</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroizi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid#Bolid" title="Meteoroid">Bolid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid#Meteoric_dust" title="Meteoroid">Dust</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid#Fireball" title="Meteoroid">Fireball</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid#Meteor" title="Meteoroid">Meteor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid#Meteorit" title="Meteoroid">Meteorit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid#Tektite" title="Meteoroid">Tektite</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;vertical-align:middle;">Liste / categorii </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Grupuri_sau_familii_de_asteroizi" title="Categorie:Grupuri sau familii de asteroizi">Grupuri sau familii de asteroizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Satelit_al_unei_planete_minore" title="Satelit al unei planete minore">Sateliți ai asteroizilor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Asteroizi_binari" title="Categorie:Asteroizi binari">Asteroizi binari</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lista_planetelor_minore" title="Lista planetelor minore">Planete minore</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background:#BFD7FF;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Proiect:Astronomie" title="Proiect:Astronomie">Proiect</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sistemul_solar" title="Portal:Sistemul solar">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Sistemul_solar" title="Format:Sistemul solar">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Sistemul_solar" title="Discuție Format:Sistemul solar">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Sistemul_solar&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Sistemul_solar" title="Sistemul solar">Sistemul solar</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Solar_System_Template_Final.png" decoding="async" width="666" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_b58697f1be6c2d94" /><map name="ImageMap_b58697f1be6c2d94"><area href="/wiki/Soare" shape="circle" coords="0,0,90,35" alt="Soarele" title="Soarele" /><area href="/wiki/Mercur_(planet%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="112,18,6" alt="Mercur" title="Mercur" /><area href="/wiki/Venus" shape="circle" coords="153,18,8" alt="Venus" title="Venus" /><area href="/wiki/Lun%C4%83" shape="circle" coords="203,8,4" alt="Luna" title="Luna" /><area href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" shape="circle" coords="194,18,8" alt="Pământ" title="Pământ" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Marte" shape="circle" coords="239,13,3" alt="Sateliții lui Marte" title="Sateliții lui Marte" /><area href="/wiki/Marte_(planet%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="233,18,8" alt="Marte" title="Marte" /><area href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="271,18,8" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /><area href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" shape="rect" coords="256,0,288,35" alt="Centura de asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi" /><area href="/wiki/Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="316,18,15" alt="Jupiter" title="Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="329,5,6" alt="Sateliții lui Jupiter" title="Sateliții lui Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Saturn" shape="circle" coords="372,18,10" alt="Saturn" title="Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Saturn" shape="circle" coords="381,7,6" alt="Sateliții lui Saturn" title="Sateliții lui Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Uranus" shape="circle" coords="418,18,9" alt="Uranus" title="Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Uranus" shape="circle" coords="427,10,6" alt="Sateliții lui Uranus" title="Sateliții lui Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Neptun" shape="circle" coords="471,10,3" alt="Sateliții lui Neptun" title="Sateliții lui Neptun" /><area href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="462,18,12" alt="Neptun" title="Neptun" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Pluton" shape="circle" coords="508,13,3" alt="Sateliții lui Pluton" title="Sateliții lui Pluton" /><area href="/wiki/Pluton" shape="circle" coords="504,18,8" alt="Pluton" title="Pluton" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Haumea" shape="circle" coords="539,13,3" alt="Sateliții lui Haumea" title="Sateliții lui Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="535,18,8" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="564,18,8" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake" /><area href="/wiki/Centura_Kuiper" shape="rect" coords="492,0,573,35" alt="Centura Kuiper" title="Centura Kuiper" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Eris" shape="circle" coords="601,14,3" alt="Sateliții lui Eris" title="Sateliții lui Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Eris_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="597,18,8" alt="Eris" title="Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Discul_%C3%AEmpr%C4%83%C8%99tiat" shape="rect" coords="574,0,610,35" alt="Discul împrăștiat" title="Discul împrăștiat" /><area href="/wiki/Norul_lui_Oort" shape="rect" coords="611,0,635,35" alt="Norul lui Oort" title="Norul lui Oort" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Stea" title="Stea">Stea</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soarele</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Heliosfer%C4%83" title="Heliosferă">Heliosferă</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">Planete</a> (și <a href="/wiki/Satelit_natural" title="Satelit natural">sateliți</a>)</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(planet%C4%83)" title="Mercur (planetă)">Mercur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> · <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ">Pământ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lun%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Lună">Luna</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Marte_(planet%C4%83)" title="Marte (planetă)">Marte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Marte" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Marte">sateliți</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Jupiter" title="Inelele lui Jupiter">inele</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Saturn" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Saturn">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Saturn" title="Inelele lui Saturn">inele</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Uranus" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Uranus">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Uranus" title="Inelele lui Uranus">inele</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptun (planetă)">Neptun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Neptun" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Neptun">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Neptun" title="Inelele lui Neptun">inele</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică">Planete pitice</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceres</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_lui_Pluto" title="Sateliții lui Pluto">sateliți</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Haumea (planetă pitică)">Haumea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Haumea" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Haumea">sateliți</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Makemake (planetă pitică)">Makemake</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Eris_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Eris (planetă pitică)">Eris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(satelit)" title="Dysnomia (satelit)">satelit</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center">Probabil planete pitice</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">satelit</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Sedna" title="Sedna">Sedna</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Orcus" title="Orcus">Orcus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanth" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanth">satelit</a>)  · <a href="/wiki/(225088)_Gonggong" class="mw-redirect" title="(225088) Gonggong">Gonggong</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiangliu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiangliu — pagină inexistentă">satelit</a>) · <a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a>  · <a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a> (<a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia#Satelit" title="120347 Salacia">satelit</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center">Obiecte mici</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83" title="Planetă minoră">Planete minore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_planetelor_minore" title="Lista planetelor minore">listă</a>)</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroizi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_asteroizi_notabili" title="Listă de asteroizi notabili">listă</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vulcanoid_(asteroid)" title="Vulcanoid (asteroid)">Vulcanoizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi">Centura de asteroizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Troian_(asteroid)" title="Troian (asteroid)">Troieni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83)" title="Centaur (planetă minoră)">Centauri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroizi</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Obiect_transneptunian" title="Obiect transneptunian">Obiecte transneptuniene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centura_Kuiper" title="Centura Kuiper">Centura Kuiper</a> · <a href="/wiki/Discul_%C3%AEmpr%C4%83%C8%99tiat" title="Discul împrăștiat">Discul împrăștiat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Obiect_deta%C8%99at" title="Obiect detașat">Obiecte detașate</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoizi</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Norul_lui_Hills" title="Norul lui Hills">Norul lui Hills</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norul_lui_Oort" title="Norul lui Oort">Norul lui Oort</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83" title="Cometă">Comete</a></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/C/1956_R1_(Arend-Roland)" title="C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland)">C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2 (SWAN)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2012_S1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 S1">C/2012 S1 (ISON)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1" title="C/2013 A1">C/2013 A1</a>  · <a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">Crommelin</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Elenin" title="Cometa Elenin">Elenin</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Encke" title="Cometa Encke">Encke</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Hale-Bopp" title="Cometa Hale-Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Halley" title="Cometa Halley">Halley</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Hyakutake" title="Cometa Hyakutake">Hyakutake</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Kohoutek" title="Cometa Kohoutek">Kohoutek</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Lexell" title="Cometa Lexell">Lexell</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_McNaught" title="Cometa McNaught">McNaught</a>  · <a href="/wiki/67P/Ciuriumov-Gherasimenko" title="67P/Ciuriumov-Gherasimenko">67P/Ciuriumov-Gherasimenko</a>  · <a href="/wiki/130P/McNaught-Hughes" title="130P/McNaught-Hughes">130P/McNaught-Hughes</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Shoemaker-Levy_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoemaker-Levy 9">Shoemaker-Levy 9</a>  · <a href="/wiki/109P/Swift-Tuttle" title="109P/Swift-Tuttle">Swift-Tuttle</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_West" title="Cometa West">West</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center">Altele</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Eclips%C4%83_de_Lun%C4%83" title="Eclipsă de Lună">Eclipsă de Lună</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eclips%C4%83_de_Soare" title="Eclipsă de Soare">Eclipsă de Soare</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geneza_%C8%99i_evolu%C8%9Bia_Sistemului_Solar" title="Geneza și evoluția Sistemului Solar">Geneză și evoluție</a> · <a href="/wiki/Descoperirea_%C8%99i_explorarea_sistemului_solar" title="Descoperirea și explorarea sistemului solar">Descoperire și explorare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cronologia_explor%C4%83rii_sistemului_solar" title="Cronologia explorării sistemului solar">Cronologia explorării</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lista_planetelor_sistemului_solar" title="Lista planetelor sistemului solar">Lista planetelor</a> · <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_sateli%C8%9Bi_naturali" title="Listă de sateliți naturali">Lista sateliților naturali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tranzit_astronomic" title="Tranzit astronomic">Tranzit astronomic</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:People_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProject"><img alt="WikiProject" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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