Use of uninitialized value

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</li> <li> <a href="/cant-call-method-on-unblessed-reference">Can't call method ... on unblessed reference</a> </li> <li> <a href="/argument-isnt-numeric-in-numeric">Argument ... isn't numeric in numeric ...</a> </li> <li> <a href="/cant-locate-object-method-via-package-1">Can't locate object method "..." via package "1" (perhaps you forgot to load "1"?)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/useless-use-of-hash-element-in-void-context">Useless use of hash element in void context</a> </li> <li> <a href="/useless-use-of-private-variable-in-void-context">Useless use of private variable in void context</a> </li> <li> <a href="/readline-on-closed-filehandle">readline() on closed filehandle in Perl</a> </li> <li> <a href="/possible-precedence-issue-with-control-flow-operator">Possible precedence issue with control flow operator</a> </li> <li> <a href="/scalar-value-better-written-as">Scalar value ... better written as ...</a> </li> <li> <a href="/substr-outside-of-string">substr outside of string at ...</a> </li> <li> <a href="/have-exceeded-the-maximum-number-of-attempts">Have exceeded the maximum number of attempts (1000) to open temp file/dir</a> </li> <li> <a href="/use-of-implicit-split-to-is-deprecated">Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated ...</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Other <ol> <li> <a href="/multi-dimensional-arrays-in-perl">Multi dimensional arrays in Perl</a> </li> <li> <a href="/multi-dimensional-hashes">Multi dimensional hashes in Perl</a> </li> <li> <a href="/minimal-requirement-to-build-a-sane-cpan-package">Minimal requirement to build a sane CPAN package</a> </li> <li> <a href="/statement-modifiers">Statement modifiers: reversed if statements</a> </li> <li> <a href="/autovivification">What is autovivification?</a> </li> <li> <a href="/printf">Formatted printing in Perl using printf and sprintf</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-7" id="content"> <div id="show_content"> <h1>Use of uninitialized value</h1> <div id="indexes"> <ul> <li><a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary kw-button" href="/search/undef">undef</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary kw-button" href="/search/uninitialized value">uninitialized value</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary kw-button" href="/search/$|">$|</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary kw-button" href="/search/warnings">warnings</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary kw-button" href="/search/buffering">buffering</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prev-next"> <h2> <span class="label label-lg label-success prev"> <a href="/variable-declaration-in-perl" title="Variable declaration in Perl"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span> Prev</a> </span> <span class="label label-lg label-success next"> <a href="/barewords-in-perl" title="Barewords in Perl">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span> </a> </span> </h2> </div> <div role="main" id="main"> <div id="top-poster"></div> <div id="abstract"> <div id="abstract_text"> <p> This is one of the most common warning you will encounter while running Perl code. <p> It is a warning, it won't stop your script from running and it is only generated if warnings were turned on. Which is recommended. <p> The most common way to turn on warnings is by including a <span class="inline_code">use warnings;</span> statement at the beginning of your script or module. <p> </div> </div> <div id="after-abstract"></div> <p> The older way is adding a <span class="inline_code">-w</span> flag on the sh-bang line. Usually looks like this as the first line of your script: <p> <span class="inline_code">#!/usr/bin/perl -w</span> <p> There are certain differences, but as <span class="inline_code">use warnings</span> is available for 12 years now, there is no reason to avoid it. In other words: <p> Always <span class="inline_code">use warnings;</span>! <p> <p> Let's go back to the actual warning I wanted to explain. <p> <h2>A quick explanation</h2> <p> <pre class="linenums"> Use of uninitialized value $x in say at perl_warning_1.pl line 6. </pre> <p> This means the variable <span class="inline_code">$x</span> has no value (its value is the special value <span class="inline_code">undef</span>). Either it never got a value, or at some point <span class="inline_code">undef</span> was assigned to it. <p> You should look for the places where the variable got the last assignment, or you should try to understand why that piece of code has never been executed. <p> <h2>A simple example</h2> <p> The following example will generate such warning. <p> <pre class="prettyprint linenums language-perl"> use warnings; use strict; use 5.010; my $x; say $x; </pre> <p> Perl is very nice, tells us which file generated the warning and on which line. <p> <h2>Only a warning</h2> <p> As I mentioned this is only a warning. If the script has more statements after that <span class="inline_code">say</span> statement, they will be executed: <p> <pre class="prettyprint linenums language-perl"> use warnings; use strict; use 5.010; my $x; say $x; $x = 42; say $x; </pre> <p> This will print <p> <pre class="linenums"> Use of uninitialized value $x in say at perl_warning_1.pl line 6. 42 </pre> <p> <h2>Confusing output order</h2> <p> Beware though, if your code has print statements before the line generating the warning, like in this example: <p> <pre class="prettyprint linenums language-perl"> use warnings; use strict; use 5.010; print 'OK'; my $x; say $x; $x = 42; say $x; </pre> <p> the result might be confusing. <p> <pre class="linenums"> Use of uninitialized value $x in say at perl_warning_1.pl line 7. OK 42 </pre> <p> Here, 'OK', the result of the <span class="inline_code">print</span> is seen <b>after</b> the warning, even though it was called <b>before</b> the code that generated the warning. <p> This strangeness is the result of <span class="inline_code">IO buffering</span>. By default Perl buffers STDOUT, the standard output channel, while it does not buffer STDERR, the standard error channel. <p> So while the word 'OK' is waiting for the buffer to be flushed, the warning message already arrives to the screen. <p> <h2>Turning off buffering</h2> <p> In order to avoid this you can turn off the buffering of STDOUT. <p> This is done by the following code: <span class="inline_code">$| = 1;</span> at the beginning of the script. <p> <p> <pre class="prettyprint linenums language-perl"> use warnings; use strict; use 5.010; $| = 1; print 'OK'; my $x; say $x; $x = 42; say $x; </pre> <p> <pre class="linenums"> OKUse of uninitialized value $x in say at perl_warning_1.pl line 7. 42 </pre> <p> (The warning is on the same line as the <b>OK</b> because we have not printed a newline <span class="inline_code">\n</span> after the OK.) <p> <h2>The unwanted scope</h2> <p> <pre class="prettyprint linenums language-perl"> use warnings; use strict; use 5.010; my $x; my $y = 1; if ($y) { my $x = 42; } say $x; </pre> <p> This code too produces <span class="inline_code">Use of uninitialized value $x in say at perl_warning_1.pl line 11.</span> <p> I have managed to make this mistake several times. Not paying attention I used <span class="inline_code">my $x</span> inside the <span class="inline_code">if</span> block, which meant I have created another $x variable, assigned 42 to it just to let it go out of the scope at the end of the block. (The $y = 1 is just a placeholder for some real code and some real condition. It is there only to make this example a bit more realistic.) <p> There are of course cases when I need to declare a variable inside an if block, but not always. When I do that by mistake it is painful to find the bug. <p> <p> <p> <h2>Comments</h2> <p> Using Padre to code Perl, when I try to execute, in this statement $yeara = $year + 1900; I got this error: Global symbol "$yeara" requires explicit package name at .... Please, tell me where may I get the info about that in order to fix it, (other error messages too) thanks in advance <p> <p> https://perlmaven.com/common-warnings-and-error-messages <p> <p> <hr> <p> When I am calling perl script thorugh jenkins Execute shell I am getting error"Use of uninitialized value in string eq " but from the same jenkins server(linux backen) when I am running that perl it runs fine . <p> Is there anything else in that warning you get? Such as name of the variable or the line of code that generated this warning? What is the version of perl on that server? <p> <p> <div id="after-content"></div> </div> <div class="prev-next"> <h2> <span class="label label-lg label-success prev"> <a href="/variable-declaration-in-perl" title="Variable declaration in Perl"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span> Prev</a> </span> <span class="label label-lg label-success next"> <a href="/barewords-in-perl" title="Barewords in Perl">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span> </a> </span> </h2> </div> <hr> <div id="creators"> <img src="/img/szabgab.png" alt="Gabor Szabo" />  <div class="author_text"> Written by<br> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/szabgab/">Gabor Szabo</a> </div> </div> <hr> <p> Published on 2012-09-05 </p> <div> If you have any comments or questions, feel free to post them on the source of this page in GitHub. <a href="https://github.com/szabgab/perlmaven.com/tree/main/sites/en/pages//use-of-uninitialized-value.txt">Source on GitHub.</a> <a href="https://github.com/szabgab/perlmaven.com/issues/new?title=&body=https://perlmaven.com/use-of-uninitialized-value">Comment on this post</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div id="right-side"> <div class="author-rightbox"> <h3>Author: Gabor Szabo</h3> <img src="/img/szabgab.png" alt="" /> Gabor who runs the Perl Maven site helps companies set up <b>test automation</b>, CI/CD <b>Continuous Integration</b> and <b>Continuous Deployment</b> and other <b>DevOps</b> related systems. <p> Gabor can help refactor your old Perl code-base. <p> He runs the <a href="http://perlweekly.com/">Perl Weekly</a> newsletter. <p> <a href="https://szabgab.com/contact.html">Contact Gabor</a> if you'd like to hire his service. <p> Buy his <a href="https://leanpub.com/u/szabgab">eBooks</a> or if you just would like to support him, do it via <a href="https://www.patreon.com/szabgab">Patreon</a>. </div> <div class="rightbox"> </div> <div class="rightbox"> <div id="sites"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://id.perlmaven.com/penggunaan-nilai-tak-terinisiasi">Bahasa Indonesia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://de.perlmaven.com/use-of-uninitialized-value">Deutsch</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://perlmaven.com/use-of-uninitialized-value">English</a> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok"></span> </li> <li> <a href="https://it.perlmaven.com/use-of-uninitialized-value">Italiano</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://br.perlmaven.com/uso-de-valor-nao-inicializado">Português</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ro.perlmaven.com/folosirea-unei-valori-neinitializate">Română</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ru.perlmaven.com/use-of-uninitialized-value">Русский</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cn.perlmaven.com/use-of-uninitialized-value">简体中文</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ko.perlmaven.com/use-of-uninitialized-value">한국어</a> </li> <li><hr></li> <li><a href="https://perlmaven.com/about#translations">about the translations</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="rightbox"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="modal"></div>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-BLRW8KB16K"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-BLRW8KB16K'); </script> </body> </html>

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Use of uninitialized value