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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Saproamanita</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of fungi</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(145,250,250)"><i>Saproamanita</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amanita_vittadini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Amanita_vittadini.jpg/220px-Amanita_vittadini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Amanita_vittadini.jpg/330px-Amanita_vittadini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Amanita_vittadini.jpg/440px-Amanita_vittadini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Saproamanita vittadinii</i> in grass in Italy </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(145,250,250)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Saproamanita" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Division: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agaricomycetes" title="Agaricomycetes">Agaricomycetes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agaricales" title="Agaricales">Agaricales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amanitaceae" title="Amanitaceae">Amanitaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Saproamanita</i></a><br /><small>Redhead, Vizzini, Drehmel & Contu (2016)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(145,250,250)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_vittadinii" title="Saproamanita vittadinii">Saproamanita vittadinii</a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-Vizzini2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vizzini2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(Moretti) Redhead, Vizzini, Drehmel & Contu (2016)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(145,250,250)"><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">c. 23 species </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(145,250,250)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Lepidella</i> <small>E.-J. Gilbert (1925)</small><br /> <i>Amanita</i> subgen. <i>Lepidella</i> <small>Beauseigneur (1925)</small><br /> <i>Aspidella</i> <small>E.-J. Gilbert (1940)</small><br /> <i>Amanita</i> subgen. <i>Aspidella</i> <small>E.-J. Gilbert (1941)</small><br /> <i>Amanita</i> sect. <i>Lepidella</i> <small>Corner & Bas (1962)</small><br /> <i>Amanita</i> sect. <i>Aspidella</i> <small>Pomerleau (1966)</small><br /> <i>Amanita</i> subsect. <i>Vittadinae</i> <small>Bas (1969)</small><br /> <i>Amanita</i> ser. <i>Vittadinae</i> <small>(Bas) Neville & Poumarat (2004)</small> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><b>Saproamanita</b></i> contains about 24 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Agarics" class="mw-redirect" title="Agarics">agarics</a> and is one of six genera in the family <a href="/wiki/Amanitaceae" title="Amanitaceae">Amanitaceae</a>, of which the similar <i><a href="/wiki/Amanita" title="Amanita">Amanita</a></i> is also a member. <i>Saproamanita</i> differs from <i>Amanita</i> in that its species are <a href="/wiki/Saprotrophic_nutrition" title="Saprotrophic nutrition">saprophytic</a>, and not <a href="/wiki/Ectomycorrhiza" title="Ectomycorrhiza">ectomycorrhizal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Saproamanita</i> resemble <i><a href="/wiki/Amanita" title="Amanita">Amanita</a></i>. They have a <a href="/wiki/Pileus_(mycology)" title="Pileus (mycology)">pileus</a>, free <a href="/wiki/Lamella_(mycology)" title="Lamella (mycology)">lamellae</a>, a central <a href="/wiki/Stipe_(mycology)" title="Stipe (mycology)">stipe</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Annulus_(mycology)" title="Annulus (mycology)">annulus</a>. Below the annulus are scales and rings, remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_veil" title="Universal veil">universal veil</a> composed largely of cylindrical to slender, clavate, inflated hyphal cells mostly scattered in the central stipe region (rather than the base).<sup id="cite_ref-LæssøePetersen2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LæssøePetersen2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Basidiospore" title="Basidiospore">spores</a> are white and <a href="/wiki/Amyloid_(mycology)" title="Amyloid (mycology)">amyloid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name refers to the saprotrophic life style and the generic relationship to its sister genus, <i>Amanita</i>. In earlier studies the genus was ill-defined and named <i>Lepidella</i> and later <i>Aspidella</i>. Both of these names are unusable because of earlier usage by biologists for other organisms, e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Aspidella" title="Aspidella">Aspidella</a></i> E. Billings. The most recent adoption of the name <i>Aspidella</i><sup id="cite_ref-Vizzinietal2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vizzinietal2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was based on a molecularly and ecologically defined genus similar to the current circumscription.<sup id="cite_ref-Redheadetal2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redheadetal2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DNA molecular evidence for the separation of the genus from <i>Amanita</i> was first detected in a 2002 study of mushrooms and their, with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_armillariiformis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita armillariiformis (page does not exist)">S. armillariiformis</a></i> (then classified as an <i>Amanita</i>) appearing basal to <i>Amanita</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moncalvoetal2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moncalvoetal2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later studies, supported by larger samplings of species and additional gene regions in investigations of Amanitaceae, expanded the sampling of both groups of species that were all considered to be <i>Amanita</i> species<sup id="cite_ref-Justetal2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justetal2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wolfeetal2012b_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfeetal2012b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hess-Pringle2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess-Pringle2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or separated into two genera under the names <i>Aspidella</i> and <i>Amanita</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vizzinietal2012_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vizzinietal2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that most detailed study of decomposition pathway enzymes that lends support for taxonomic separation,<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfeetal2012b_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfeetal2012b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the subgeneric name <i>Amanita</i> subgen. <i>Lepidella</i> was misapplied to a group of species that did not include the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of the subgenus; that subgeneric group of <a href="/wiki/Mycorrhizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycorrhizal">mycorrhizal</a> species<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfeetal2012b_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfeetal2012b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is more correctly named <i>Amanita</i> subgen. <i>Amanitina</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Redheadetal2016_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redheadetal2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cuietal2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cuietal2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently there are two competing contemporary classifications, one that recognizes the two genera, <i>Amanita</i> and <i>Saproamanita</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Redheadetal2016_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redheadetal2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vizzinietal2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vizzinietal2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hawksworth2016_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawksworth2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hemmes_et_al2019_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hemmes_et_al2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the other that maintains both genera under the older name <i>Amanita</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A recent phylogenetic tree for the genus included information from Thailand by Nakarin Suwannarach and Surapong Khuna.<sup id="cite_ref-Boonmee2021_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boonmee2021-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Saproamanita</i> are known to inhabit grasslands, lawns, pastures, fens, and fields in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-VermaPandro2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VermaPandro2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boonmee2021_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boonmee2021-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kantharaja2022_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kantharaja2022-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aman2022_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aman2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> islands (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Loizidesetal2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loizidesetal2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LæssøePetersen2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LæssøePetersen2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hernández2018_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hernández2018-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Vizzinietal2016_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vizzinietal2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Crousetal2018_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crousetal2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GM2022_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM2022-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as glens in open canopy forests. Some species are known to form <a href="/wiki/Fairy_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy rings">fairy rings</a>. At least three of the species are <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> expanding their ranges, <i>S. inopinata</i> in Europe, <a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_thiersii" title="Saproamanita thiersii"><i>S. thiersii</i></a> in North America, and <i>S. manicata</i> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LæssøePetersen2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LæssøePetersen2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kibby2005_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kibby2005-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wolfeetal2012a_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfeetal2012a-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hemmes_et_al2019_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hemmes_et_al2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genome_sequencing">Genome sequencing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genome sequencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The genome of <i>S. thiersii</i> (as <i>Amanita thiersii</i>) and its cellulose degrading capability are the subject of a <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Energy">US Department of Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Genome_Institute" title="Joint Genome Institute">Joint Genome Institute</a> project.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_ameghinoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita ameghinoi (page does not exist)">Saproamanita ameghinoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_armillariiformis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita armillariiformis (page does not exist)">Saproamanita armillariiformis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_codinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita codinae (page does not exist)">Saproamanita codinae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_flavofloccosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita flavofloccosa (page does not exist)">Saproamanita flavofloccosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_foetidissima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita foetidissima (page does not exist)">Saproamanita foetidissima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_grallipes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita grallipes (page does not exist)">Saproamanita grallipes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_inopinata" title="Saproamanita inopinata">Saproamanita inopinata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_lilloi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita lilloi (page does not exist)">Saproamanita lilloi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_manicata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita manicata (page does not exist)">Saproamanita manicata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_nana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita nana (page does not exist)">Saproamanita nana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_nauseosa" title="Saproamanita nauseosa">Saproamanita nauseosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_pleropus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita pleropus (page does not exist)">Saproamanita pleropus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_praeclara" title="Saproamanita praeclara">Saproamanita praeclara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_praegraveolens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita praegraveolens (page does not exist)">Saproamanita praegraveolens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_prairiicola" class="mw-redirect" title="Saproamanita prairiicola">Saproamanita prairiicola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_pruittii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita pruittii (page does not exist)">Saproamanita pruittii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_quitensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita quitensis (page does not exist)">Saproamanita quitensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_roseolescens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita roseolescens (page does not exist)">Saproamanita roseolescens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_savannae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita savannae (page does not exist)">Saproamanita savannae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_silvifuga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita silvifuga (page does not exist)">Saproamanita silvifuga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_singeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita singeri (page does not exist)">Saproamanita singeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita_subcaligata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saproamanita subcaligata (page does not exist)">Saproamanita subcaligata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_thiersii" title="Saproamanita thiersii">Saproamanita thiersii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saproamanita_vittadinii" title="Saproamanita vittadinii">Saproamanita vittadinii</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Vizzini2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vizzini2017_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVizziniRedheadDovana2017" class="citation journal cs1">Vizzini A, Redhead SA, Dovana F (2017). "Epitypification of <i>Agaricus vittadinii</i> (Basidiomycota, Amanitaceae)". <i>Phytotaxa</i>. <b>326</b> (3): 230–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.326.3.8">10.11646/phytotaxa.326.3.8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytotaxa&rft.atitle=Epitypification+of+Agaricus+vittadinii+%28Basidiomycota%2C+Amanitaceae%29&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=230-234&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.326.3.8&rft.aulast=Vizzini&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Redhead%2C+SA&rft.au=Dovana%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaproamanita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LæssøePetersen2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LæssøePetersen2019_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LæssøePetersen2019_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LæssøePetersen2019_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLæssøe_T,_Petersen_JH2019" class="citation book cs1">Læssøe T, Petersen JH (2019). <i>Fungi of Temperate Europe Vol 1</i>. Princeton University Press. pp. 352–354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691180373" title="Special:BookSources/9780691180373"><bdi>9780691180373</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fungi+of+Temperate+Europe+Vol+1&rft.pages=352-354&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780691180373&rft.au=L%C3%A6ss%C3%B8e+T%2C+Petersen+JH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaproamanita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vizzinietal2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vizzinietal2012_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vizzinietal2012_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVizziniContuErcoleVoyron2012" class="citation journal cs1">Vizzini A, Contu M, Ercole E, Voyron S (2012). 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Gilbert and <i>Aspidella</i> E.-J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DOE+Joint+Genome+Institute&rft.atitle=Why+sequence+cellulose+degrading+fungus+Amanita+thiersii%3F&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjgi.doe.gov%2Fwhy-sequence-cellulose-degrading-fungus-amanita-thiersii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaproamanita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.nz/taxa/922854-Saproamanita-foetidissima/browse_photos"><i>Saproamanita foetidissima</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Saproamanita&espece=inopinata&source=list&filter=&numfiche=6887"><i>Saproamanita inopinata</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neotropicalfungi.com/species-list/amanita-manicata/"><i>Saproamanita manicata</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/view/7801/8482"><i>Saproamanita manicata</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/view/7801/8482"><i>Saproamanita praeclara</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasmushrooms.org/en/saproamanita_praegraveolens.htm"><i>Saproamanita praegraveolens</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Saproamanita&espece=singeri"><i>Saproamanita singeri</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Saproamanita&espece=subcaligata&source=list&filter=&numfiche=6889"><i>Saproamanita subcaligata</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasmushrooms.org/en/saproamanita_subcaligata.htm"><i>Saproamanita subcaligata</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasmushrooms.org/en/saproamanita_thiersii.htm"><i>Saproamanita thiersii</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Saproamanita&espece=vittadinii&source=list&filter=&numfiche=6890"><i>Saproamanita vittadinii</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phrygana.eu/Champignons/Agaricales/Amanitaceae/Saproamanita-vittadinii/Saproamanita-vittadinii.html"><i>Saproamanita vittadinii</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Saproamanita</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24885369" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q24885369">Q24885369</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_online_fauna_%26_flora_databases" title="Australian online fauna & flora databases">AusFungi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/fungi/60088522">60088522</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7CC2">7CC2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/9635027">9635027</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/922853">922853</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Index_Fungorum" title="Index Fungorum">IndexFungorum</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=816353">816353</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11917188">11917188</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MycoBank" title="MycoBank">MycoBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycobank.org/MB/816353">816353</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/5d550253-e287-4186-b5bf-17b90a52822c">5d550253-e287-4186-b5bf-17b90a52822c</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=8007919">8007919</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Index_Fungorum" title="Index Fungorum">SpeciesFungorum</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=816353">816353</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&oldid=1224072728">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saproamanita&oldid=1224072728</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amanitaceae" title="Category:Amanitaceae">Amanitaceae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agaricales_genera" title="Category:Agaricales genera">Agaricales genera</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_diversity_taxobox" title="Category:Articles using diversity taxobox">Articles using diversity taxobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 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