{"title":"Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solution using Hydrilla verticillata -Optimization, Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies","authors":"R. Rajeshkannan, M. Rajasimman, N. Rajamohan","volume":37,"journal":"International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","pagesStart":23,"pagesEnd":31,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/1397","abstract":"<p>In this study, the sorption of Malachite green (MG) on Hydrilla verticillata biomass, a submerged aquatic plant, was investigated in a batch system. The effects of operating parameters such as temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, adsorbent size, and agitation speed on the sorption of Malachite green were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The proposed quadratic model for central composite design (CCD) fitted very well to the experimental data that it could be used to navigate the design space according to ANOVA results. The optimum sorption conditions were determined as temperature - 43.5oC, adsorbent dosage - 0.26g, contact time - 200min, adsorbent size - 0.205mm (65mesh), and agitation speed - 230rpm. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum monolayer coverage capacity of Hydrilla verticillata biomass for MG was found to be 91.97 mg\/g at an initial pH 8.0 indicating that the optimum sorption initial pH. The external and intra particle diffusion models were also applied to sorption data of Hydrilla verticillata biomass with MG, and it was found that both the external diffusion as well as intra particle diffusion contributes to the actual sorption process. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described the MG sorption process with a good fitting.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] K. Selvarani, \"Studies on Low cost Adsorbents for the removal of\r\nOrganic and Inorganics from Water,\" PhD, Thesis, Regional\r\nEngineering College, Tiruchirapalli. 2000\r\n[2] G. Sekaran , K.A. Shanmugasundaram, M. Mariappan, and K.V.\r\nRaghavan, \"Adsorption of dyes by buffing dust of leather industry,\"\r\nIndian J Chem Technol, vol. 2, pp. 311-315, 1995.\r\n[3] S.D. Khattri, and M.K. Singh, \"Colour removal from dye wastewater\r\nusing sugar cane dust as an adsorbent,\" Adsorpt Sci Technol, vol. 17,\r\npp. 269-282, 1999.\r\n[4] S.J. Culp, and F.A. Beland, \"Malachite green: a toxicological review,\" J\r\nAm College Toxicol, vol.15, pp. 219-238, 1996.\r\n[5] M. Elibol, and D. Ozer, \"Response surface methodological approach\r\nfor inclusion of perfluorocarbon in actinorhodin fermentation\r\nmedium,\" Process Biochem, vol. 38, pp. 667-773, 2002.\r\n[6] K. Umesh, M.P. Garg Kaur, and M.V. Garg Dhiraj Sud, \"Removal of\r\nnickel(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption on agricultural waste biomass\r\nusing a response methodological approach,\" Bioresource Technology, vol. 99,\r\npp. 1325-1331, 2008.\r\n[7] G. Annadurai, R.S. Juang, and D.J. Lee, \"Adsorption of heavy metals\r\nfrom water using banana and orange peels,\" Water Sci Technol, vol.\r\n47, pp. 185-190, 2003.\r\n[8] M. Gopal, K. Pakshirajan, and T. Swaminathan, \"Heavy metal\r\nremoval by biosorption using Phanerochaete Chrysosporium,\" Appl\r\nBiochem Biotechnol, vol. 102, pp. 227-237, 2002.\r\n[9] O. Hamdaoui, \"Batch study of liquid-phase adsorption of methylene\r\nblue using cedar sawdust and crushed brick,\" J. Hazard. Mater., vol.\r\nB135, pp. 264-273, 2006\r\n[10] I. Langmuir, \"The constitution and fundamental properties of solids\r\nand liquids,\" J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol. 38 (11), pp. 2221-2295, 1913.\r\n[11] H. M. F. Freundlich, \"Over the adsorption in solution,\" Journal of\r\nPhysical Chemistry, vol. 57, pp. 385 - 470, 1906.\r\n[12] S.S. Tahir, and N. Rau, \"Removal of a cationic dye from aqueous\r\nsolutions by adsorption on to bentonite clay,\" Chemosphere, vol. 63,\r\npp. 1842-1848, 2006\r\n[13] J. Zhang, Y. Li, C. Zhang, C. and Y. Jing, \"Adsorption of malachite\r\ngreen from aqueous Solution onto carbon prepared from Arundo\r\ndonax root,\" J.Hazard. Mater, vol. 150, pp. 774-782, 2008.\r\n[14] S. Lagergren, \"About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble\r\nsubstances,\" K.Sven. Vetenskapsakad.Handl., vol. 24(4), pp. 1-39,\r\n1898.\r\n[15] Y.S. Ho, W.T. Chiu, and C.C. Wang, \"Regression analysis for the\r\nsorption isotherms of basic dyes on sugarcane dust,\" Bioresour. Technol,\r\nvol. 96, pp. 1285- 1291, 2005.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 37, 2010"}