CINXE.COM

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awarded in 1901, the Nobel Prize medals depict Alfred Nobel (1833-1896). </p> <p class="figcaption__attribution"> © Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud </p> </div> <div class="blurb"> <h1 class="title text-uppercase"> Nobel Prizes and Laureates </h1> </div> </section> <section class="nomination-intro"> <article class="content"> <header class="sub-section-header border-top"> <h4> Awarded for “the greatest benefit to humankind” </h4> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Between 1901 and 2024, the Nobel Prizes and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel were awarded 627 times to 1,012 people and organisations. The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden, and based on the fortune of Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor and entrepreneur. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. Each prize consists of a medal, a personal diploma, and a cash award.</p> <p>A person or organisation awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Prize laureate. The word “laureate” refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honour.</p> <p>See a full list of <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/index.html">all Nobel Prize laureates</a>.</p> </div> </article> <aside class="quick-facts"> <header class="sub-section-header border-top"> <h4> Quick facts </h4> </header> <ul class="factlist wp-block-list"> <li>Awards: 627</li> <li>Laureates: 1,012</li> <li>Prize categories: 6</li> <li>Awards to women: 66</li> <li>Awarded organisations: 28</li> <li>Youngest laureate: 17</li> <li>Oldest laureate: 97</li> </ul> <p>More Nobel Prize <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/">facts and figures</a>.</p> </aside> </section> <section class="explore-laureates page-section"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3> Explore prizes and laureates </h3> </header> <form class="exploreform" id="67471505692ed" method='GET' action=''> <div class="dropdown"> <label for="mobile-dropdown" class="screen-reader-text"> Select the category or categories you would like to filter by </label> <select id="mobile-dropdown" name="filtermobile"> <option value="physics" selected='selected' > Physics </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="medicine" > Medicine </option> <option value="literature" > Literature </option> <option value="peace" > Peace </option> <option value="economic-sciences" > Economic Sciences </option> </select> </div> <div class="selector"> <label class="screen-reader-text">Select the category or categories you would like to filter by</label> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="physics"> <input id="physics" name="filter" type="radio" checked='checked' value="physics" hidden> <span> Physics </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="chemistry"> <input id="chemistry" name="filter" type="radio" value="chemistry" hidden> <span> Chemistry </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="medicine"> <input id="medicine" name="filter" type="radio" value="medicine" hidden> <span> Medicine </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="literature"> <input id="literature" name="filter" type="radio" value="literature" hidden> <span> Literature </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="peace"> <input id="peace" name="filter" type="radio" value="peace" hidden> <span> Peace </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="economic-sciences"> <input id="economic-sciences" name="filter" type="radio" value="economic-sciences" hidden> <span> Economic Sciences </span> </label> </div> </div> <div class="incrementor"> <label for="increment-down" class="screen-reader-text"> Decrease the year by one </label> <button id="increment-down" class="increment-down" type="button"> – </button> <label for="increment-input" class="screen-reader-text"> Choose a year you would like to search in </label> <input id="increment-input" name="prize_year" type="text" maxlength="4" class="increment-input" placeholder="2023" value="2024"> <label for="increment-up" class="screen-reader-text"> Increase the year by one </label> <button id="increment-up" class="increment-up" type="button"> + </button> </div> <div class="submit"> <button type="submit"> Explore </button> </div> </form> </section> <div class="long-scroll-preloader prize-explorer-preloader" style="text-align: center; display: none" data-target="67471505692ed"> <img style="display: inline-block" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/images/spinner.gif"> </div> <div class="prize-explorer-content container search-results" data-target="67471505692ed"> </div> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-one-third "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Prize categories</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/physics/"> Nobel Prize in Physics </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p><span style="float: none;background-color: transparent;color: #333333;cursor: text;font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px">1901–2024: </span>118 prizes awarded to 227 laureates.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/physics/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53139-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53139-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53139-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Gravity Waves Still Image" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53139-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Gravity Waves Still Image" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Two black holes collide producing gravitational waves</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">Image: LIGO/T. Pyle</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/"> Nobel Prize in Chemistry </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>1901–2024: 116 prizes awarded to 197 laureates.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53216-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53216-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53216-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Chemistry Illustration" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/53216-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Chemistry Illustration" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Illustration of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">Image: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/medicine/"> Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>1901–2024: 115 prizes awarded to 229 laureates.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/medicine/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51209-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51209-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51209-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Base 1920 1440px" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51209-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Base 1920 1440px" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__attribution">Image: The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-one-third "> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/literature/"> Nobel Prize in Literature </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>1901–2024: 117 prizes awarded to 121 laureates.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/literature/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51212-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51212-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51212-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Literature2017.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/51212-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Literature2017.jpg" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Books by Kazuo Ishiguro</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">Photo: Courtesy of Faber & Faber</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/peace/"> Nobel Peace Prize </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>1901–2024: 105 prizes awarded to 142 laureates.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/peace/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52377-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52377-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52377-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="ICAN" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52377-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="ICAN" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">ICAN works for the abolishment of nuclear weapons</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">Illustration: iStock</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/economics/"> Prize in economic sciences </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>1901–2024: 56 prizes awarded to 96 laureates.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/economics/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52378-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52378-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52378-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Thaler2017" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52378-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Thaler2017" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Richard Thaler was awarded the 2017 prize in economic sciences </p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">Photo: iStock </p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="opinion-stage"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">The Nobel Prize</h3> </header> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(d,s,id,u){ if (d.getElementById(id)) return; var js, sjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], t = Math.floor(new Date().getTime() / 1000000); js=d.createElement(s); js.id=id; js.async=1; js.src=u+'?'+t; sjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, sjs); }(document, 'script', 'os-widget-jssdk', 'https://www.opinionstage.com/assets/loader.js')); </script> <div id="os-widget-64895" class="os_widget" data-path="/nobel/nobel-prize-quiz" data-of="nobel" data-opinionstage-widget="6d48e57a-bc90-4199-b040-f10719ecd004"></div> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Questions and answers</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/frequently-asked-questions/"> <p>Why is there a Nobel Prize?  </p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Do you want to know more about the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize laureates? Find answers to the most commonly asked questions in the FAQ.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/frequently-asked-questions/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/110409-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/110409-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/110409-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Reinhard Genzel’s Nobel Prize medal" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/110409-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Reinhard Genzel’s Nobel Prize medal" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__attribution">© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Bernhard Ludewig</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">What do the laureates receive?</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/about/the-nobel-diplomas/"> <p>Nobel Prize diploma</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Each diploma is a unique work of art, created by leading Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers. Look at some of the diplomas here.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/about/the-nobel-diplomas/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/lessing-diploma-15417-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/lessing-diploma-15417-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/lessing-diploma-15417-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Doris Lessing - Nobel Diploma" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/lessing-diploma-15417-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Doris Lessing - Nobel Diploma" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Doris Lessing’s Nobel Diploma</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">© The Nobel Foundation 2007. Artist: Karin Mamma Andersson. Calligrapher: Annika Rücker. Photo reproduction: Fredrika Berghult</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-medals-and-the-medal-for-the-prize-in-economic-sciences/"> <p>Nobel Prize medal</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>The front of the gold Nobel Prize medals depict Alfred Nobel. The image on the reverse varies according to the institution awarding the prize. Read more about the medals.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-medals-and-the-medal-for-the-prize-in-economic-sciences/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/am-tu-showing-medal-1067-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/am-tu-showing-medal-1067-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/am-tu-showing-medal-1067-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Tu Youyou showing her Nobel Medal" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/am-tu-showing-medal-1067-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Tu Youyou showing her Nobel Medal" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Tu Youyou showing her Nobel Prize medal, 11 December 2015.</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">© Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud. </p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/"> <p>The prize amount</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>The current amount is at SEK 11 million per full Nobel Prize. A Nobel Prize can be awarded to up to three laureates who share the prize sum. Find out more about the prize amounts throughout history.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52385-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52385-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52385-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Flower decorations at the 2016 Nobel Prize award ceremony" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52385-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Flower decorations at the 2016 Nobel Prize award ceremony" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Flower decorations by Florist Helén Magnusson at the Nobel Prize award ceremony at the Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 December 2016.</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">© Nobel Media. Photo: Pi Frisk.</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="most-popular-laureates"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3> Featured laureates </h3> </header> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Marie Curie, née Sklodowska" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Marie Curie, née Sklodowska" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/" title="Marie Curie, née Skłodowska" itemprop="url"> Marie Curie, née Skłodowska </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.</q> <br /> <br /> <span> <a href="/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/"> The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/peace/2014/yousafzai/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/yousafzai-15198-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/yousafzai-15198-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/yousafzai-15198-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Malala Yousafzai" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/yousafzai-15198-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Malala Yousafzai" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/peace/2014/yousafzai/" title="Malala Yousafzai" itemprop="url"> Malala Yousafzai </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/peace/2014/yousafzai/"> The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/einstein-12923-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/einstein-12923-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/einstein-12923-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Albert Einstein" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/einstein-12923-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Albert Einstein" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/" title="Albert Einstein" itemprop="url"> Albert Einstein </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/"> The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/literature/1913/tagore/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/tagore-12892-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/tagore-12892-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/tagore-12892-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Rabindranath Tagore" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/tagore-12892-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Rabindranath Tagore" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/literature/1913/tagore/" title="Rabindranath Tagore" itemprop="url"> Rabindranath Tagore </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/literature/1913/tagore/"> The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/medicine/1930/landsteiner/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/landsteiner-12970-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/landsteiner-12970-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/landsteiner-12970-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Karl Landsteiner" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/landsteiner-12970-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Karl Landsteiner" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/medicine/1930/landsteiner/" title="Karl Landsteiner" itemprop="url"> Karl Landsteiner </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/medicine/1930/landsteiner/"> The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for his discovery of human blood groups.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/peace/1964/king/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/king-13174-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/king-13174-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/king-13174-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Martin Luther King Jr." /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/king-13174-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Martin Luther King Jr." /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/peace/1964/king/" title="Martin Luther King Jr." itemprop="url"> Martin Luther King Jr. </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/peace/1964/king/"> The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population.</q> </div> </article> </section> <section class="newsletter-signup"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="blurb"> <h3>Sign up for the “Monthly” newsletter</h3> <p><p>Join thousands of global subscribers enjoying the free monthly Nobel Prize highlights, trivia and up-to-date information.</p> </p> </div> <form action="https://app.rule.io/widget/subscriber" method="POST"> <label for="newsletteremail" class="screen-reader-text"> Your e-mail address </label> <input name="rule_email" id="newsletteremail" placeholder="Your e-mail address" required type="email"> <input 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