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filling</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: seed filling"> <meta name="keywords" content="seed filling"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1052</span> The Effect of Dry Matter Production Growth Rate, Temperature Rapeseed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vadood%20Mobini">Vadood Mobini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansoreh%20Agazadeh%20Shahrivar"> Mansoreh Agazadeh Shahrivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Hashemi%20Gelenjkhanlo"> Parvin Hashemi Gelenjkhanlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Vazifah"> Hassan Vazifah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seed number is a function of dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), photothermal quotient (PTQ) and temperature during a critical developmental period, which is around flowering in canola (Brassica napus L.). The objective of this experiment was to determine factors such as dry matter, CGR, temperature, and PTQ around flowering which affect seed number. The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran, between 2005 and 2007. Two cultivars of canola (Hyola401 and RGS003), as subplots were grown at 5 sowing dates as main plots, spaced approximately 30 days apart, to obtain different environmental conditions during flowering. The experiment was arranged in two conditions, i.e., supplemental irrigation and rainfed. Seed number per unit area was a key factor for increasing seed yield. Late sowing dates made the critical period of flowering coincide with high temperatures, decreased days to the flowering, seed number per unit area and seed yield. Seed number was driven by the availability of carbohydrates around flowering. Seed number per unit area was maximized for the cultivars when exposed to the highest PTQ, and to the lowest temperature between the beginning of flowering to that of seed filling. The relationship of seed number with aboveground dry matter, CGR, temperature, and PTQ around flowering, over different environmental conditions, showed these variables were generally applicable to seed number determination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowering" title="flowering">flowering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivar" title=" cultivar"> cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling" title=" seed filling"> seed filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20conditions" title=" environmental conditions"> environmental conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20yield" title=" seed yield"> seed yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31797/the-effect-of-dry-matter-production-growth-rate-temperature-rapeseed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1051</span> Effect of Seed Treatment on Seed Quality and Storability in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Northwestern Himalayas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anubhav%20Thakur">Anubhav Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karam%20Chand%20Dhiman"> Karam Chand Dhiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Storage experiment was conducted to study the effect of polymer, fungicides and insecticide on seed quality parameters and storability in wheat. The experimental material consisted of carry over wheat seeds (variety HPW- 155) of rabi 2017 - 18. The observations were recorded bimonthly on parameters viz; germination (%), seedling length (cm), dry weight (g), vigour index - I, vigour - II, speed of germination, field emergence (%), 100 seed weight (g) for 12 months of storage. All parameters declined with the advancement in storage period. The results showed that seeds treated with polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed recorded higher germination percentage (95.00 %), seedling length (17.58 cm), seedling dry weight (0.0138 g), vigour index - I (1670) & vigour - II (1.311), speed of germination (19.98), 100 seed weight (5.54 g) and field emergence (87.33 %) which was at par with vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed, over untreated control (T1). So it can be concluded that for maintain seed quality and enhancing storability, seed of wheat can either be treated with polymer @ 3 ml/kg of seed + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed or vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title="wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20treatment" title=" seed treatment"> seed treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storability" title=" storability"> storability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20quality" title=" seed quality"> seed quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137370/effect-of-seed-treatment-on-seed-quality-and-storability-in-wheat-triticum-aestivum-l-in-northwestern-himalayas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1050</span> Physicochemical Properties of Moringa oleifera Seeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyewusi%20Peter%20Ayodele">Oyewusi Peter Ayodele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onipede%20Ayodeji"> Onipede Ayodeji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our research focuses on some physicochemical parameters of Moringa Oleifera seed meal and its seed oil to determine its nutritional quality. Proximate, mineral, and vitamin analyses were performed on the defatted seed meal, while fatty acid determination was carried out on the seed oil. The results of the proximate composition show moisture content (3.52 ± 0.01), ash (2.80 ± 0.33), crude fibre (3.92 ± 0.01), protein (42.96 ± 0.05), crude fat (7.04 ± 0.01) and carbohydrate (36.79 ± 0.04). The mineral composition shows that the seed is rich in Ca, K, and Na with 220ppm, 205ppm, and 118ppm, respectively. The seed has vitamins A and C with 2.17 ± 0.01mg/100g and 6.95 ± 0.00 mg/100g respectively. The seed also contains 56.62 %, 38.50 %, and 5.24 % saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. It could be illustrated that Moringa seeds and their oil can be considered potential sources for both dietary and industrial purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oleifera%20seed" title="Moringa oleifera seed">Moringa oleifera seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title=" chemical composition"> chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate" title=" proximate"> proximate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals%20and%20vitamins%20compositions" title=" minerals and vitamins compositions"> minerals and vitamins compositions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171774/physicochemical-properties-of-moringa-oleifera-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1049</span> Effect on Yield and Yield Components of Different Irrigation Levels in Edible Seed Pumpkin Growing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Seymen">Musa Seymen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duran%20Yavuz"> Duran Yavuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurcan%20Yavuz"> Nurcan Yavuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96nder%20T%C3%BCrkmen"> Önder Türkmen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Edible seed pumpkin (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em> L.) is one of the important edibles preferred by consumer in Turkey due to its higher nutrient contents. However, there is almost very few study on water consumption and irrigation water requirement of confectionary edible seed pumpkin in Turkey. Therefore, a 2-year study (2013-2014) was conducted to determine the effects of irrigation levels on the seed yield and yield components of drip-irrigated confectionary edible seed pumpkin under Turkey conditions. In the study, the experimental design was made in randomized blocks with three replications. Treatments consisted of five irrigation water levels that compensated for the 100% (<em>I</em><sub>100</sub>, full irrigation), 75% (<em>I</em><sub>75</sub>), 50% (<em>I</em><sub>50</sub>), 25% (<em>I</em><sub>25</sub>) and 0% (<em>I</em><sub>0</sub>, no irrigation) of crop water requirements at 14-day irrigation intervals. Seasonal evapotranspiration of treatments varied from 194.2 to 625.2 mm in 2013 and from 208.6 to 556.6 mm in 2014. In both years, the highest seasonal evapotranspiration was obtained in <em>I</em><sub>100</sub> treatment. Average across years, the seed yields ranged between 1090 (<em>I</em><sub>100</sub>) and 422 (<em>I</em><sub>0</sub>) kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. The irrigation treatments were found to significantly affect the yield parameters such as the seed yield, oil seed yield number of seeds per fruit, seed size, seed width, fruit size, fruit width and fruit index. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20level" title="irrigation level">irrigation level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20seed%20pumpkin" title=" edible seed pumpkin"> edible seed pumpkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20quality" title=" seed quality"> seed quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20yield" title=" seed yield"> seed yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46800/effect-on-yield-and-yield-components-of-different-irrigation-levels-in-edible-seed-pumpkin-growing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1048</span> Seed Priming, Treatments and Germination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atakan%20Efe%20Akp%C4%B1nar">Atakan Efe Akpınar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Demir"> Zeynep Demir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seed priming technologies are frequently used nowadays to increase the germination potential and stress tolerance of seeds. These treatments might be beneficial for native species as well as crops. Different priming treatments can be used depending on the type of plant, the morphology, and the physiology of the seed. Moreover, these may be various physical, chemical, and/or biological treatments. Aiming to improve studies about seed priming, ideas need to be brought into this technological sector related to the agri-seed industry. In this study, seed priming was carried out using some plant extracts. Firstly, some plant extracts prepared from plant leaves, roots, or fruit parts were obtained for use in priming treatments. Then, seeds were kept in solutions containing plant extracts at 20°C for 48 hours. Seeds without any treatment were evaluated as the control group. At the end of priming applications, seeds are dried superficially at 25°C. Seeds were analyzed for vigor (normal germination rate, germination time, germination index etc.). In the future, seed priming applications can expand to multidisciplinary research combining with digital, bioinformatic and molecular tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20priming" title="seed priming">seed priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extracts" title=" plant extracts"> plant extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biology" title=" biology"> biology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176548/seed-priming-treatments-and-germination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1047</span> Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Potential of White and Brown Sesame Seed Oils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Bello">Fatima Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Sani"> Ibrahim Sani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medicinal plants are the most important sources of life saving drugs for the majority of world’s population. People of all continents have used hundreds to thousands of indigenous plants in curing and management of many diseases. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated species for its nutritious and medicinal seeds and oil. This research was carried out to determine the flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of two varieties of sesame seeds oil. Oil extraction was done using Soxhlet apparatus. The percentage oil yield for white and brown seeds were 47.85% and 20.72%, respectively. Flavonoid was present in both seeds with concentration of 480 mg/g and 360 mg/g in white and brown sesame seeds, respectively. The antioxidant potential was determined at different oil volume; 1.00, 0.75, 0.50 and 0.25ml. The results for the white and brown sesame seed oils were 96.8 and 70.7, 91.0 and 65.2, 83.1 and 55.4, 77.9 and 50.2, respectively. The white seed oil has higher oil yield than the brown seed oil. Likewise, the white seed oil has more flavonoid content than the brown seed oil and also better reducing power than the brown seed oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20potential" title="antioxidant potential">antioxidant potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brown%20sesame%20seeds" title=" brown sesame seeds"> brown sesame seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoid%20content" title=" flavonoid content"> flavonoid content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sesame%20seed%20oil" title=" sesame seed oil"> sesame seed oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sesamum%20indicum%20L." title=" Sesamum indicum L."> Sesamum indicum L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20sesame%20seeds" title=" white sesame seeds "> white sesame seeds </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32097/flavonoid-content-and-antioxidant-potential-of-white-and-brown-sesame-seed-oils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1046</span> Economic of Chickpea Cultivars as Influenced by Sowing Time and Seed Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indu%20Bala%20Sethi">Indu Bala Sethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meena%20Sewhag"> Meena Sewhag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Kumar"> Rakesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parveen%20Kumar"> Parveen Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field experiment was conducted at Pulse Research Area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2012-13 to study the economics of chickpea cultivars as influenced by sowing time and seed rate on sandy loam soils under irrigated conditions. The factorial experiment consisting of 24 treatment combinations with two sowing time (1st fortnight of November and 1st fortnight of December.) and four cultivars (H09-23, H08-18, C-235 and HC-1) kept in main plots while three seed rates viz. 40 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1 was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The crop was sown with common row spacing of 30 cm as per the dates of sowing. The fertilizer was applied in the form of di- ammonium phosphate. The soil of the experimental site was deep sandy loam having pH of 7.9, EC of 0.13 dS/m and low in organic carbon (0.34%), low in available N status (193.36 kg ha-1), medium in available P2O5 (32.18 kg ha-1) and high in available K2O (249.67 kg ha-1). The crop was irrigated as and when required so as to maintain adequate soil moisture in the root zone The crop was sprayed with monocrotophos (1.25 l/ha) at initiation of flowering and at pod filling stage to protect the crop from pod borer attack. The yield was measured at the time of harvest. The cost of field preparation, sowing of seeds, thinning, weeding, plant protection, harvesting and cleaning contributed to fixed cost. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two sowing time (1st fortnight of November and 1st fortnight of December.) and four cultivars (H09-23, H08-18, C-235 and HC-1) kept in main plots while three seed rates viz. 40 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1 were kept in subplots and replicated thrice. Results revealed that 1st fortnight of November sowing recorded significantly higher gross (Rs.1, 01,254 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 68,504 ha-1) and BC (3.09) ratio as compared to delayed crop of chickpea. Highest gross (Rs.91826 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 59076ha-1) and BC ratio (2.81) was recorded with H08-18. Higher value of cost of cultivation of chickpea was observed in higher seed rate than the lower ones. However no significant variation in net and gross returns was observed due to seed rates. Highest BC (2.72) ratio was recorded with 50 kg ha-1 which differs significantly from 60 kg ha-1 but was at par with 40 kg ha-1. This is because of higher grain yield obtained with 50 kg ha-1 seed rate. Net profit for farmers growing chickpea with seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 was higher than the farmers growing chickpea with seed rate of 40 and 60 kg ha. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea" title="chickpea">chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivars" title=" cultivars"> cultivars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20rate" title=" seed rate"> seed rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sowing%20time" title=" sowing time"> sowing time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25507/economic-of-chickpea-cultivars-as-influenced-by-sowing-time-and-seed-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1045</span> Production of Biodiesel from Melon Seed Oil Using Sodium Hydroxide as a Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ene%20Rosemary%20Ndidiamaka">Ene Rosemary Ndidiamaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nwangwu%20Florence%20Chinyere"> Nwangwu Florence Chinyere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physiochemical properties of the melon seed oil was studied to determine its potentials as viable feed stock for biodisel production. The melon seed was extracted by solvent extraction using n-hexane as the extracting solvent. In this research, methanol was the alcohol used in the production of biodiesel, although alcohols like ethanol, propanol may also be used. Sodium hydroxide was employed for the catalysis. The melon seed oil was characterized for specific gravity, pH, ash content, iodine value, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acid value, flash point, viscosity, and refractive index using standard methods. The melon seed oil had very high oil content. Specific gravity and flash point of the oil is satisfactory. However, moisture content of the oil exceeded the stipulated ASRTM standard for biodiesel production. The overall results indicates that the melon seed oil is suitable for single-stage transesterification process to biodiesel production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melon%20seed" title=" melon seed"> melon seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31589/production-of-biodiesel-from-melon-seed-oil-using-sodium-hydroxide-as-a-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1044</span> Effect of Melatonin on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Catharanthus roseus under Cadmium Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayhaneh%20Amooaghaie">Rayhaneh Amooaghaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoomeh%20Nabaei"> Masoomeh Nabaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, 200 µM Cd reduced relative seed germination, root elongation tolerance and seed germination tolerance index of Catharanthus roseus. The melatonin improved seed germination, germination velocity, seedling length and vigor index under Cd stress in a dose-dependent manner and the maximum biological responses obtained by 100 μM melatonin. However, 200-400 μM melatonin and 400 μM SNP had negative effects that evidenced as lower germination indices and poor establishment of seedlings. The cadmium suppressed amylase activity and contents of soluble and reducing sugars in germinating seeds, thereby reduced seed germination and subsequent seedling growth whereas increased electrolyte leakage. These Cd-induced inhibitory effects were ameliorated by melatonin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catharanthus%20roseus" title=" Catharanthus roseus"> Catharanthus roseus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melatonin" title=" melatonin"> melatonin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20germination" title=" seed germination"> seed germination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89087/effect-of-melatonin-on-seed-germination-and-seedling-growth-of-catharanthus-roseus-under-cadmium-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1043</span> The Effects of Different Sowing Times on Seed Yield and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) in East Mediterranean Region of Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lale%20Efe">Lale Efe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Gokce"> Zeynep Gokce</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study carried out in 2013-14 growing season in East Mediterranean Region of Turkey, it was aimed to investigate the effects of different sowing times on the seed yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum L.). Three fenugreek genotypes (Gürarslan, Candidate Line-1 and Genotype-1) were sown on 13.11.2013 and 07.03.2014 according to factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. Plant height (cm), branch number per plant, first pod height (cm), pod length (mm), seed number per pod (g), seed yield per plant (g), seed yield per decar (kg), thousand seed weight (g), mucilage rate (%), seed protein ratio (%), seed oil ratio (%), oleic acid (%), linoleic acid (%), palmitic acid (%) and stearic acid (%) were investigated. Among genotypes, while the highest seed yield per plant was obtained from Genotype-1 (5 g/plant), the lowest seed yield per plant was obtained from cv. Gürarslan (3.4 g/plant). According to genotype x sowing date interactions, it can be said that the highest seed yield per plant was taken in autumn sowing from Genotype-1 (6.6 g/plant) and the lowest seed yield per plant was taken in spring sowing from cv. Gürarslan (2.9 g/plant). Genotype-1 had the highest linoleic acid ratio (41.6 %). Cv. Gürarslan and Candidate Line-1 had the highest oleic acid ratio (respectively 17.8 % and 17.6%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fenugreek" title="fenugreek">fenugreek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20yield%20and%20quality" title=" seed yield and quality"> seed yield and quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sowing%20times" title=" sowing times"> sowing times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trigonella%20foenum%20graecum%20L." title=" Trigonella foenum graecum L. "> Trigonella foenum graecum L. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75917/the-effects-of-different-sowing-times-on-seed-yield-and-quality-of-fenugreek-trigonella-foenum-graecum-l-in-east-mediterranean-region-of-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1042</span> Analysis of Evaporation of Liquid Ammonia in a Vertical Cylindrical Storage Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chikh">S. Chikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Boulifa"> S. Boulifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study addresses the problem of ammonia evaporation during filling of a vertical cylindrical tank and the influence of various external factors on the stability of storage by determining the conditions for minimum evaporation. Numerical simulation is carried out by solving the governing equations namely, continuity, momentum, energy, and diffusion of species. The effect of temperature of surrounding air, the filling speed of the reservoir and the temperature of the filling liquid ammonia on the evaporation rate is investigated. Results show that the temperature of the filling liquid has little effect on the liquid ammonia for a short period, which, in fact, is function of the filling speed. The evaporation rate along the free surface of the liquid is non-uniform. The inlet temperature affects the vapor ammonia temperature because of pressure increase. The temperature of the surrounding air affects the temperature of the vapor phase rather than the liquid phase. The maximum of evaporation is reached at the final step of filling. In order to minimize loss of ammonia vapors automatically causing losses in quantity of the liquid stored, it is suggested to ensure the proper insulation for the walls and roof of the reservoir and to increase the filling speed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title="evaporation">evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20ammonia" title=" liquid ammonia"> liquid ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20tank" title=" storage tank"> storage tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49166/analysis-of-evaporation-of-liquid-ammonia-in-a-vertical-cylindrical-storage-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1041</span> Determination of Some Agricultural Characters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ercan%20Ceyhan">Ercan Ceyhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kahraman"> Ali Kahraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Dalg%C4%B1%C3%A7"> Hasan Dalgıç</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was made during the 2011 and 2012 growing periods according to “Randomized Blocks Design” with 3 replications. Research material was the following chickpea genotype: CA119, CA128, CA149, CA150, CA222, CA250, CA254 and other 2 commercial varieties named as Gökçe and Yaşa. Some agronomical characteristics such as plant height (cm), number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, number of seed per plant, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield (kg ha-1) were determined. Statistically significant variations were found amongst the genotypes for all variables except seeds per pod. Means of the two years showed the range for plant height was from 52.83 cm (Gökçe) to 73.00 cm (CA150), number of pod per plant was from 14.00 (CA149) to 26.83 (CA261), number of seed per pod was from 1.10 (Gökçe) to 1.19 (CA149 ve CA250), number of seed per plant was from 16.28 (CA149) to 31.65 (CA261), 1000 seed weight was from 295.85 g (CA149) to 437.80 g (CA261) and seed yield was from 1342.73 kg ha-1 (CA261) to 2161.50 kg ha-1 (CA128). Results of the research implicated that the new developed lines were superior compared with the control (commercial) varieties by means of most of the characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20characters" title="agricultural characters">agricultural characters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea" title=" chickpea"> chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20yield" title=" seed yield"> seed yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotype%20variations" title=" genotype variations"> genotype variations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1748/determination-of-some-agricultural-characters-of-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-genotypes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1040</span> A Study of Electrowetting-Assisted Mold Filling in Nanoimprint Lithography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Hsuan%20Hsu">Wei-Hsuan Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Xuan%20Huang"> Yi-Xuan Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) possesses the advantages of sub-10-nm feature and low cost. NIL patterns the resist with physical deformation using a mold, which can easily reproduce the required nano-scale pattern. However, the variation of process parameters and environmental conditions seriously affect reproduction quality. How to ensure the quality of imprinted pattern is essential for industry. In this study, the authors used the electrowetting technology to assist mold filling in the NIL process. A special mold structure was designed to cause electrowetting. During the imprinting process, when a voltage was applied between the mold and substrate, the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the surface of the mold can be converted. Both simulation and experiment confirmed that the electrowetting technology can assist mold filling and avoid incomplete filling rate. The proposed method can also reduce the crack formation during the de-molding process. Therefore, electrowetting technology can improve the process quality of NIL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrowetting" title="electrowetting">electrowetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mold%20filling" title=" mold filling"> mold filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-imprint" title=" nano-imprint"> nano-imprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20modification" title=" surface modification"> surface modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99756/a-study-of-electrowetting-assisted-mold-filling-in-nanoimprint-lithography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1039</span> Alternative Seed System for Enhanced Availability of Quality Seeds and Seed/Varietal Replacement Rate - An Experience </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basave%20Gowda">Basave Gowda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lokesh%20K."> Lokesh K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanth%20S.%20M."> Prasanth S. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bellad%20S.%20B."> Bellad S. B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radha%20J."> Radha J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lokesh%20G.%20Y."> Lokesh G. Y.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patil%20S.%20B."> Patil S. B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijayakumar%20D.%20K."> Vijayakumar D. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganigar%20B.%20S."> Ganigar B. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20C.%20Mathad"> Rakesh C. Mathad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quality seed plays an important role in enhancing the crop productivity. It was reported and confirmed by large scale verification research trials that by use of quality seeds alone, the crop yield can be enhanced by 15 to 20 per cent. At present, the quality seed production and distribution through organised sectors comprising both public and private seed sector was only 20-25% of the requirement and the remaining quantity is met through unorganised sector which include the farmer to farmers saved seeds. With an objective of developing an alternative seed system, the University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur in Karnataka state has implemented Seed Village Programme in more than 100 villages covering around 5000 farmers every year since 2009-10 and in the selected seed villages, a group of 50-150 farmers were supplied the foundation seeds of new varieties to an extent of 0.4 ha at 50 % subsidy. And two to three training programmes were conducted in the targeted villages for quality seed production and the seed produced in the target group was processed locally in the university seed processing units and arranged for distribution in the local villages by the seed growers themselves. By this new innovative and modified seed system, the university can able to replace old varieties of pigeon pea and green gram by producing 1482, 2978, 2729, 2560, and 4581 tonnes of seeds of new varieties on large scale under farmers and scientists participatory seed village programmes respectively during 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14. From this new alternate model of seed system, there should be large scale promotion of regional seed system involving farmers, NGO and voluntary organisation for quick and effective replacement of old, low yielding, disease susceptible varieties with new high yielding, disease resistant for enhanced food production and food security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20system" title="seed system">seed system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20village" title=" seed village"> seed village</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20replacement" title=" seed replacement"> seed replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varietal%20replacement" title=" varietal replacement"> varietal replacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23994/alternative-seed-system-for-enhanced-availability-of-quality-seeds-and-seedvarietal-replacement-rate-an-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1038</span> Storage Influence on Physico-Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Jamun Drink Prepared From Two Types of Pulp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa">Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahreen%20Akhtar"> Mahreen Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidrah"> Sidrah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, Jamun (Syzygium cumini; Myrtaceae) drink enriched with jamun pulp and seed was assessed for different physicochemical parameters (titratable acidity, pH, TSS, ascorbic acid, and total sugars and reducing sugars) and phytochemical aspects at every 15 days interval till 60 days storage period. Jamun pulp both with seed and without seed were used at levels of 7, 10 and 13 percent to prepare jamun drink in six combinations; T1 (7% pulp without seed), T2 (10% pulp without seed), T3 (13% pulp without seed), T4 (7% pulp with seed), T5 (10% pulp with seed), T6 (13% pulp with seed). Storage period resulted decrease in pH (4.18 to 4.08) and ascorbic acid (21.92%) significantly along with phenolic contents (6.13 to 4.85g of GAE/kg) and antioxidant activity (70.68 to 48.62 percent) within treatments. All treatments showed significant increases in total sugars (11.59 to 11.80%), reducing sugars (2.30 to 2.50%), TSS (12.2 to 13.32 °B) and acidity (0.23% to 0.31%) during storage. Treatments T3, T5 and T6 showed best results in terms of all physicochemical parameters during storage. Statistically significant differences were obtained among sensory parameters as a function of pulp type and concentration, while treatment T5 (10% pulp with seed) obtained highest score (7.16) in terms of all sensory parameters. It can be concluded that nutrient rich jamun drink can be prepared as an attempt to add value to the underutilized jamun fruit of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamun%20beverage" title=" Jamun beverage"> Jamun beverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41444/storage-influence-on-physico-chemical-composition-and-antioxidant-activity-of-jamun-drink-prepared-from-two-types-of-pulp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1037</span> Seed Priming Treatments in Common Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) Using Some Plant Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atakan%20Efe%20Akp%C4%B1nar">Atakan Efe Akpınar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Demir"> Zeynep Demir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seed priming technologies are frequently used nowadays to increase the germination potential and stress tolerance of seeds. These treatments might be beneficial for native species as well as crops. Different priming treatments can be used depending on the type of plant, the morphology, and the physiology of the seed. Moreover, these may be various physical, chemical, and/or biological treatments. Aiming to improve studies about seed priming, ideas need to be brought into this technological sector related to the agri-seed industry. This study addresses the question of whether seed priming with plant extracts can improve seed vigour and germination performance. By investigating the effects of plant extract priming on various vigour parameters, the research aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of this treatment method. Thus, seed priming was carried out using some plant extracts. Firstly, some plant extracts prepared from plant leaves, roots, or fruit parts were obtained for use in priming treatments. Then, seeds of Common zinnia (Zinnia elegans) were kept in solutions containing plant extracts at 20°C for 48 hours. Seeds without any treatment were evaluated as the control group. At the end of priming applications, seeds are dried superficially at 25°C. Seeds of Common zinnia (Zinnia elegans) were analyzed for vigour (normal germination rate, germination time, germination index etc.). In the future, seed priming applications can expand to multidisciplinary research combining with digital, bioinformatic and molecular tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20priming" title="seed priming">seed priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extracts" title=" plant extracts"> plant extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biology" title=" biology"> biology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177849/seed-priming-treatments-in-common-zinnia-zinnia-elegans-using-some-plant-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1036</span> Transcriptional Profiling of Developing Ovules in Litchi chinensis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Pathak">Ashish Kumar Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritika%20Sharma"> Ritika Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20Nath"> Vishal Nath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Pratap%20Singh"> Sudhir Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Tuli"> Rakesh Tuli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Litchi is a sub-tropical fruit crop with genotypes bearing delicious juicy fruits with variable seed size (bold to rudimentary size). Small seed size is a desirable trait in litchi, as it increases consumer acceptance and fruit processing. The biochemical activities in mid- stage ovules (e.g. 16, 20, 24 and 28 days after anthesis) determine the fate of seed and fruit development in litchi. Comprehensive ovule-specific transcriptome analysis was performed in two litchi genotypes with contrasting seed size to gain molecular insight on determinants of seed fates in litchi fruits. The transcriptomic data was de-novo assembled in 1,39,608 trinity transcripts, out of which 6,325 trinity transcripts were differentially expressed between the two contrasting genotypes. Differential transcriptional pattern was found among ovule development stages in contrasting litchi genotypes. The putative genes for salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and brassinosteroid pathway were down-regulated in ovules of small-seeded litchi. Embryogenesis, cell expansion, seed size and stress related trinity transcripts exhibited altered expression in small-seeded genotype. The putative regulators of seed maturation and seed storage were down-regulated in small-seed genotype. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Litchi" title="Litchi">Litchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed" title=" seed"> seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptome" title=" transcriptome"> transcriptome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defence" title=" defence"> defence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72913/transcriptional-profiling-of-developing-ovules-in-litchi-chinensis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1035</span> The Possibility of Increase UFA in Milk by Adding of Canola Seed in Holstein Dairy Cow Diets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mansoori%20Yarahmadi">H. Mansoori Yarahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aghazadeh"> A. Aghazadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Nazeradl"> K. Nazeradl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was done to evaluate the effects of feeding canola seed for enrichment of UFA and milk performance of early lactation dairy cows. Twelve multi parous Holstein cows (635.3±18 kg BW and 36±9 DIM) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1- Control (CON) without canola seed, 2- 7.5% raw canola seed (CUT), and 3- 7.5% Heat-treated canola seed (CHT) of the total ration. Diets contained same crude protein, but varied in net energy. Diets were composed by basis of corn silage and alfalfa. Cows were milked twice daily for 4 wk. The inclusion of canola seed did not alter DM intake, weight gain, or body condition score of cows. Milk fat from CHT cows had greater proportions of UFA and MUFA (P < 0.05). Feeding CUT increased PUFA without significant difference. Milk fat from CHT had a greater proportion of C18 UFA and tended to have a higher proportion of other UFA. FCM milk yields, milk fat and protein percentages and total yield of these components were similar between treatments. Milk urea nitrogen was lower in cows fed CON and CHT. Feeding canola seed to lactating dairy cows resulted in milk fat with higher proportions of healthful fatty acids without adverse affecting milk yield or milk composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canola%20seed" title="canola seed">canola seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cow" title=" dairy cow"> dairy cow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title=" milk"> milk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28716/the-possibility-of-increase-ufa-in-milk-by-adding-of-canola-seed-in-holstein-dairy-cow-diets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1034</span> Effects of Plant Densities on Seed Yield and Some Agricultural Characteristics of Jofs Pea Variety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayhan%20Aydo%C4%9Fdu">Ayhan Aydoğdu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ercan%20Ceyhan"> Ercan Ceyhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kahraman"> Ali Kahraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nursel%20%C3%87%C3%B6l"> Nursel Çöl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was conducted to determine effects of plant densities on seed yield and some agricultural characteristics of pea variety- Jofs in Konya ecological conditions during 2012 vegetation period. The trial was set up according to “Randomized Blocks Design” with three replications. The material “Jofs” pea variety was subjected to 3-row spaces (30, 40 and 50 cm) and 3-row distances (5, 10 and 15 cm). According to the results, difference was shown statistically for the effects of row spaces and row distances on seed yield. The highest seed yield was 2582.1 kg ha-1 on 30 cm of row spaces while 2562.2 kg ha-1 on 15 cm of distances. Consequently, the optimum planting density was determined as 30 x 15 cm for Jofs pea variety growing in Konya. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pea" title="pea">pea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=row%20space" title=" row space"> row space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=row%20distance" title=" row distance"> row distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20yield" title=" seed yield"> seed yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19193/effects-of-plant-densities-on-seed-yield-and-some-agricultural-characteristics-of-jofs-pea-variety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1033</span> Design and Developing the Infrared Sensor for Detection and Measuring Mass Flow Rate in Seed Drills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Besharti">Bahram Besharti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Navid"> Hossein Navid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Karimi"> Hadi Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Behfar"> Hossein Behfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraj%20Eskandari"> Iraj Eskandari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple or miss sowing by seed drills is a common problem on the farm. This problem causes overuse of seeds, wasting energy, rising crop treatment cost and reducing crop yield in harvesting. To be informed of mentioned faults and monitoring the performance of seed drills during sowing, developing a seed sensor for detecting seed mass flow rate and monitoring in a delivery tube is essential. In this research, an infrared seed sensor was developed to estimate seed mass flow rate in seed drills. The developed sensor comprised of a pair of spaced apart circuits one acting as an IR transmitter and the other acting as an IR receiver. Optical coverage in the sensing section was obtained by setting IR LEDs and photo-diodes directly on opposite sides. Passing seeds made interruption in radiation beams to the photo-diode which caused output voltages to change. The voltage difference of sensing units summed by a microcontroller and were converted to an analog value by DAC chip. The sensor was tested by using a roller seed metering device with three types of seeds consist of chickpea, wheat, and alfalfa (representing large, medium and fine seed, respectively). The results revealed a good fitting between voltage received from seed sensor and mass flow of seeds in the delivery tube. A linear trend line was set for three seeds collected data as a model of the mass flow of seeds. A final mass flow model was developed for various size seeds based on receiving voltages from the seed sensor, thousand seed weight and equivalent diameter of seeds. The developed infrared seed sensor, besides monitoring mass flow of seeds in field operations, can be used for the assessment of mechanical planter seed metering unit performance in the laboratory and provide an easy calibrating method for seed drills before planting in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20flow" title="seed flow">seed flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared" title=" infrared"> infrared</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20sensor" title=" seed sensor"> seed sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20drills" title=" seed drills"> seed drills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80419/design-and-developing-the-infrared-sensor-for-detection-and-measuring-mass-flow-rate-in-seed-drills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1032</span> Effects of Drought Stress on Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars during Post-Flowering Growth Stage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariborz%20Shekari">Fariborz Shekari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Javanmard"> Abdollah Javanmard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Abbasi"> Amin Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A pot experiment conducted to evaluate the response of two red bean cultivars, Sayad and Derakhshan, to water deficit stress during post-flowering growth stage and recovery potential of plants after stress. Treatments were included regular irrigation or control, water deficit during flowering stage, water deficit during pod formation and water deficit during pod filling period. Results showed that plant height had positive effects on yield of cultivars so that, the tall cultivar, ‘Sayad’, had higher yields. Stress application during flowering stage showed the highest negative impact on plant height and subsequently yield. The longest and the higher number of pods as well as the greatest number of seeds in pods were recorded in control treatment in ‘Sayad’. Stress application during pod formation resulted in the minimum amount of all studied traits in both cultivars. Stress encountered during seed filling period had the least effect on number and length of pods and seed/pod. However, 100 seeds weight significantly decreased. The highest amount for 100 seeds weight was record in control plants in ‘Derakhshan’. Under all treatments, ‘Sayad’ had higher biologic and seed yield compared to ‘Derakhshan’. The least amount of yield was recorded during stress application in pod formation and flowering period for ‘Sayad’ and ‘Derakhshan’ respectively. Harvest index of ‘Sayad’ was more affect by stress application. Data related to photosynthetic rate showed that during stress application, ‘Derakhshan’ owned rapid decline in photosynthesis. Beyond stress alleviation and onset of irrigation, recovery potential of ‘Sayad’ was higher than ‘Derakhshan’ and this cultivar was able to rapidly restore the photosynthesis rate of stress faced plants near control ones. In total, stress had lower impacts on photosynthetic rate of ‘Sayad’ cultivar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20bean" title="common bean">common bean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20stress" title=" water stress"> water stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20components" title=" yield components"> yield components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthetic%20rate" title=" photosynthetic rate"> photosynthetic rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3558/effects-of-drought-stress-on-red-bean-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-cultivars-during-post-flowering-growth-stage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1031</span> Spectroscopy Study of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil for Pharmaceutical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashar%20Mudhaffar%20Abdullah">Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasniza%20Zaman%20Huri"> Hasniza Zaman Huri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nany%20Hairunisa"> Nany Hairunisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to determine the thermal properties and spectroscopy study of Malaysian Jatropha curcas seed oil. The J. curcas seed oil physicochemical properties such as free fatty acid (FFA %), acid value, saponification value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, and viscosity (cp) gave values of 1.89±0.10%, 3.76±0.07, 203.36±0.36 mg/g, 4.90±0.25, 1.76±0.03%, and 32, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the fatty acids (FAs) composition. J. curcas seed oil is consisting of saturated FAs (19.55%) such as palmitic (13.19%), palmitoleic (0.40%), and stearic (6.36%) acids and unsaturated FAs (80.42%) such as oleic (43.32%) and linoleic (36.70%) acids. The thermal properties using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that crystallized TAG was observed at -6.79°C. The melting curves displayed three major exothermic regions of J. curcas seed oil, monounsaturated (lower-temperature peak) at -31.69°C, di-unsaturated (medium temperature peak) at -20.23°C and tri-unsaturated (higher temperature peak) at -12.72°C. The results of this study showed that the J. curcas seed oil is a plausible source of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to be developed in the future for pharmaceutical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatropha%20curcas%20seed%20oil" title="Jatropha curcas seed oil">Jatropha curcas seed oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20properties" title=" thermal properties"> thermal properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melting" title=" melting"> melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18315/spectroscopy-study-of-jatropha-curcas-seed-oil-for-pharmaceutical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1030</span> Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations of Stem and Seed of Juncus acutus for Grazing Animals and Birds in Kızılırmak Delta</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Cetinkaya">N. Cetinkaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Erdem"> F. Erdem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <em>Juncus acutus</em> (Juncaceae) is a perennial wetland plant and it is commonly known as spiny rush or sharp rush. It is the most abundant plant in Kizilirmak grassland, Samsun, Turkey. Heavy metals are significant environmental contaminants in delta and their toxicity is an increasing problem for animals whose natural habitat is delta. The objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metal concentrations mainly As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb and Hg in stem and seed of <em>Juncus acutus</em> for grazing animals and birds in delta. The <em>Juncus acutus</em> stem and seed samples were collected from Kizilirmak Delta in July, August and September. Heavy metal concentrations of collected samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The obtained mean values of three months for As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb and Hg of stem and seed samples of <em>Juncus acutus</em> were 0.11 and 0.23 mg/kg; 0.07 and 0.11 mg/kg; 0.02 and 0.02 mg/kg; 5.26 and 1.75 mg/kg; 0.05 and not detectable in July respectively. Hg was not detected in both stem and seed of <em>Juncus acutus</em>, Pb concentration was determined only in stem of <em>Juncus acutus</em> but not in seed. There were no significant differences between the values of three months for As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb and Hg of stem and seed samples of <em>Juncus acutus.</em> The obtained As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb and Hg results of stem and seed of <em>Juncus acutus</em> show that seed and stem of <em>Juncus acutus</em> may be safely consumed for grazing animals and birds regarding to heavy metals contamination in Kizilirmak Delta. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juncus%20acutus" title=" Juncus acutus"> Juncus acutus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kizilirmak%20Delta" title=" Kizilirmak Delta"> Kizilirmak Delta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland" title=" wetland"> wetland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101246/evaluation-of-heavy-metal-concentrations-of-stem-and-seed-of-juncus-acutus-for-grazing-animals-and-birds-in-kizilirmak-delta" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1029</span> Olive Seed Tannins as Bioadhesives for Manufacturing Wood-Based Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajith%20K.%20A.%20Gedara">Ajith K. A. Gedara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iva%20Chianella"> Iva Chianella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20L.%20Endrino"> Jose L. Endrino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Zhang"> Qi Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The olive seed is a by-product of the olive oil production industry. Biuret test and ferric chloride test revealed that water or alkali NaOH extractions of olive seed flour are rich in proteins and tannins. Both protein and tannins are well-known bio-based wood adhesives in the wood-based panel industry. In general, tannins-based adhesives show better mechanical and physical properties than protein wood adhesives. This paper explores different methods of extracting tannins from olive seed flour against the tannins yield and their applications as bio-based adhesives in wood-based panels. Once investigated, the physical and the mechanical properties of wood-based panels made using bio-adhesives based tannins extracted from olive seed flour revealed that the resulting products seemed to satisfy the Japanese Industrial Standards JIS A 5908:2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-adhesives" title="bio-adhesives">bio-adhesives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20seed%20flour" title=" olive seed flour"> olive seed flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannins" title=" tannins"> tannins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood-based%20panels" title=" wood-based panels"> wood-based panels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137443/olive-seed-tannins-as-bioadhesives-for-manufacturing-wood-based-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1028</span> Determination of the Seed Vigor of Soybean Cultivated as Main and Second Crop in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Demir%20Kaya">Mehmet Demir Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engin%20G%C3%B6khan%20Kulan"> Engin Gökhan Kulan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onur%20%C4%B0leri"> Onur İleri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%BCleyman%20Avc%C4%B1"> Süleyman Avcı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was conducted to determine the difference in seed vigor between the seed lots cultivated in main and second crop of soybean in Turkey. Seeds from soybean cv. Cinsoy and Umut-2002 were evaluated in the laboratory for germination, emergence, cool test at 18°C for 10 days, and cold test at 10°C for 4 days and 25°C for 6 days. Result showed that the initial oil contents of Cinsoy and Umut-2002 and seeds were determined to be 19.8 and 20.1% in main crop, and 18.7 and 22.1% in second crop, respectively. It was determined that a clear difference between main and second crop soybean seed lots for seed vigor was found. Germination and emergence percentage were higher in the seed from second crop cultivation of the cultivars. There was no significant difference in germination percentage in cool and cold test while seedling growth was better in the seeds of second crop soybean. The highest seed vigor index (477.6) was found in the seeds of the cultivars grown at second crop. Standard germination percentage did not give a sensitive separation for determining seed vigor of soybean lots. It was concluded that second crop soybean seeds were found the most suitable for seed production while main crop soybean gave higher protein lower oil content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glycine%20max%20L." title="Glycine max L.">Glycine max L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergence" title=" emergence"> emergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20content" title=" protein content"> protein content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vigor%20test" title=" vigor test "> vigor test </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14158/determination-of-the-seed-vigor-of-soybean-cultivated-as-main-and-second-crop-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1027</span> Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of Okra Seed and Soy Beans Oil with Crude Enzyme Extract from Malted Rice </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduzor%20Esther">Eduzor Esther</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uhiara%20Ngozi"> Uhiara Ngozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya%E2%80%99u%20Abubakar%20Umar"> Ya’u Abubakar Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anayo%20Jacob%20Gabriel"> Anayo Jacob Gabriel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Ahmed"> Umar Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the characteristic effect of treating okra seed and soybeans seed oil with crude enzymes extract from malted rice. The oils from okra seeds and soybeans were obtained by solvent extraction method using N-hexane solvent. Soybeans seeds had higher percentage oil yield than okra seed. 250ml of each oil was thoroughly mixed with 5ml of the malted rice extract at 400C for 5mins and then filtered and regarded as treated oil while another batch of 250ml of each oil was not mixed with the malted rice extract and regarded as untreated oil. All the oils were analyzed for specific gravity, refractive index, emulsification capacity, absortivity, TSS and viscosity. Treated okra seed and soybeans oil gave higher values for specific gravity, than the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans oil respectively. The emulsification capacity values were also higher for treated oils, when compared to the untreated oil, for okra seed and soybeans oil respectively. Treated okra seed and soybeans oil also had higher range of values for absorptivity, than the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans respectively. The ranges of T.S.S values of the treated oil were also higher, than those of the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans respectively. The results of viscosity showed that the treated oil had higher values, than the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans oil respectively. However, the results of refractive index showed that the untreated oils had higher values ranges of than the treated oils for okra seed and soybeans respectively. Treated oil show better quality in respect to the parameters analyst, except the refractive index which is slightly less but also is within the rangiest of standard, the oils are high in unsaturation especially okra oil when compared with soya beans oil. It is recommended that, treated oil of okra seeds and soya beans can serve better than many oils that presently in use such as ground nut oil, palm oil and cotton seeds oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title="extract">extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malted" title=" malted"> malted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=okra" title=" okra"> okra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed" title=" seed"> seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybeans" title=" soybeans "> soybeans </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28903/comparative-analysis-of-the-treatment-of-okra-seed-and-soy-beans-oil-with-crude-enzyme-extract-from-malted-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1026</span> Antimicrobial Activity of Seed Oil of Garlic and Moringa oleifera against Some Food-Borne Microorganisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansur%20Abdulrasheed">Mansur Abdulrasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20I.%20Hussein"> Ibrahim I. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Mubarak"> Ahmed M. Mubarak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20F.%20Umar"> Ahmed F. Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial activity of the seed oil of Moringa oleifera and garlic against some selected food-borne microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using disc diffusion method. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed differences in the presence of the phytochemicals among the extracts. Saponins were detected in both Moringa oleifera and garlic seed oil, while alkaloid and tannins were observed in seed oil of garlic. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay results show that the seed oil of Moringa oleifera was inactive against all the tested organisms, even at 100 % concentration. In contrast, garlic oil was found to be active against all the tested organisms. The highest inhibition was observed in E. coli (12 mm) at 100 % concentration, while at 20 % concentration, Salmonella Sp and P. aeruginosa showed the least inhibiton (6 mm). The antimicrobial activity of the seed oil of garlic may be attributed to its phytochemicals components which were not detected in the seed oil of Moringa oleifera. The results of this study have shown the potentials of the seed oil of garlic as an antimicrobial agent more especially in foods, by inhibiting the growth of the test organisms, which range from food-borne pathogens to food spoilage organisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic" title=" garlic"> garlic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oleifera" title=" Moringa oleifera"> Moringa oleifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20borne%20pathogens" title=" food borne pathogens"> food borne pathogens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43278/antimicrobial-activity-of-seed-oil-of-garlic-and-moringa-oleifera-against-some-food-borne-microorganisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1025</span> Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Seed Oil of Garlic and Moringa oleifera against Some Food-Borne Microorganisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansur%20Abdulrasheed">Mansur Abdulrasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20I.%20Hussein"> Ibrahim I. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Mubarak"> Ahmed M. Mubarak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20F.%20Umar"> Ahmed F. Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial activity of the seed oil of Moringa oleifera and garlic against some selected food-borne microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using disc diffusion method. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed differences in the presence of the phytochemicals among the extracts. Saponins were detected in both Moringa oleifera and garlic seed oil, while alkaloid and tannins were observed in seed oil of garlic. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay results show that the seed oil of Moringa oleifera was inactive against all the tested organisms, even at 100 % concentration. In contrast, garlic oil was found to be active against all the tested organisms. The highest inhibition was observed in E. coli (12 mm)at 100 % concentration, while at 20 % concentration, Salmonella Sp and P. aeruginosa showed the least inhibit on (6 mm). The antimicrobial activity of the seed oil of garlic may be attributed to its phytochemicals components which were not detected in the seed oil of Moringa oleifera. The results of this study have shown the potentials of the seed oil of garlic as an antimicrobial agent more especially in foods, by inhibiting the growth of the test organisms, which range from food-borne pathogens to food spoilage organisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic" title=" garlic"> garlic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oleifera" title=" Moringa oleifera"> Moringa oleifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20borne%20pathogens" title=" food borne pathogens"> food borne pathogens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46577/comparison-of-antimicrobial-activity-of-seed-oil-of-garlic-and-moringa-oleifera-against-some-food-borne-microorganisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1024</span> Strategies to Synthesize Ambient Stable Ultrathin Ag Film Supported on Oxide Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allamula%20Ashok">Allamula Ashok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peela%20Lasya"> Peela Lasya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daljin%20Jacob"> Daljin Jacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Muhammed%20Razi"> P. Muhammed Razi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyesh%20Kumar%20Yadav"> Satyesh Kumar Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report zinc (Zn) as a seed layer material and a need for a specific disposition sequence to grow ultrathin silver (Ag) films on quartz (SiO₂). Ag films of thickness 4, 6, 8 and 10 nm were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering without and with Zn seed layer thickness of 1, 2 and 4 nm. The effect of Zn seed layer thickness and its annealing on the surface morphology, sheet resistance, and stability of ultrathin Ag films is investigated. We show that by increasing Zn seed layer thickness from 1 to 2 nm, there is a 5-order reduction in sheet resistance of 6 nm Ag films. We find that annealing of the seed layer is crucial to achieving stability of ultrathin Ag films. 6 nm Ag film with 2 nm Zn is unstable to 100 oC annealing, while the 6 nm Ag film with annealed 2 nm Zn seed layer is stable. 2 nm Zn seeded 8 nm Ag film maintained a constant sheet resistance of 7 Ω/□ for all 6 months of exposure to ambient conditions. Among the ultrathin film grown, 8nm Ag film with 2nm Zn seed layer had the best figure of merit with sheet resistance of 7 Ω/□, mean absolute surface roughness (Ra) ~1 nm, and optical transparency of 61 %. Such stable exposed ultrathin Ag films can find applications as catalysts, sensors, and transparent and conductive electrodes for solar cells, LEDs and plasmonic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrathin%20Ag%20films" title="ultrathin Ag films">ultrathin Ag films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetron%20sputtering" title=" magnetron sputtering"> magnetron sputtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stability" title=" thermal stability"> thermal stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20layer" title=" seed layer"> seed layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposed%20silver" title=" exposed silver"> exposed silver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc." title=" zinc."> zinc.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186459/strategies-to-synthesize-ambient-stable-ultrathin-ag-film-supported-on-oxide-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1023</span> Pollination Effectiveness of Native Bee Species in Quality Seed Production of Berseem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awais%20Ahmad">Awais Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mudssar%20Ali"> Mudssar Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Berseem is the major fodder crop grown in Pakistan and is highly preferred by cattle farmers due to its multicut nature and nutritious value. The quality seed production in berseem is largely dependent upon the activities of insect pollinators, particularly bees. In order to determine the effectiveness of native bee species in quality seed production of berseem, an experiment was conducted in the research field of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan. The pollinator community of berseem was composed of four bees, three syrphid fly, and two butterfly species. Pesudapis sp. was the most abundant insect visitor, followed by Apis mellifera and A. dorsata. The visitation rate of A. mellifera was found highest, followed by Pesudapis sp. and A. dorsata. Moreover, single-visit efficacy in terms of seed per head and 1000 seed weight proved A. mellifera and Pesudapis sp as the most effective pollinators. Conserving these bee species may lead to sustainable berseem seed production in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bees" title="honey bees">honey bees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syrphid%20fly" title=" syrphid fly"> syrphid fly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visitation%20rate" title=" visitation rate"> visitation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20visit" title=" single visit"> single visit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129866/pollination-effectiveness-of-native-bee-species-in-quality-seed-production-of-berseem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=35">35</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=36">36</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> 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