CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136ee819e94fde2',cH: 'UncCRx2tNkA55E6V03sKVYl1RPS68uSOz6N5LHlEErc-1739807411-1.2.1.1-Z.6EkMdIOJIMb3vftxX1nPuHJOlfEUTzPx2QaVJhnzLrWqUPdqP3cDRVrs6SPu92',cUPMDTk: "\/10003181\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=Cr1Dq9ovD_5eC7Km.ZnJ.sS7.pFJq1pHJdu3BYq3ShU-1739807411-1.0.1.1-aPpRgfjEYlaAm4E25faCU9lQ6XDMyOP.s5scBjXlWpE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739807411',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10003181\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=Cr1Dq9ovD_5eC7Km.ZnJ.sS7.pFJq1pHJdu3BYq3ShU-1739807411-1.0.1.1-aPpRgfjEYlaAm4E25faCU9lQ6XDMyOP.s5scBjXlWpE",md: "HvDCg7B7oLegJPYmxvYKfOyCsGho6bJ6Ddh7_TqK534-1739807411-1.2.1.1-ou2XJ12ytwCEJXhJG8NUN1FWZ8R_S1JTIy2ru3lm8kNRvFUS6ty1NzCYd471cuiDih335rskF_Q733fHdjPcHw485bxogfJs4m_q0jNMfyYc9Ws1lV7q1VszhyhlWeFvdlA3eB1Favy.JUGdkGJp6Dkwiu5Cv3pq2bwwCnj9nb9vTioVffw1Z44LDmTNUaWChmpw27Dyc_yhYCOH5zwsLuoqvvvraQ6n8vNa7BhKSmjKXpuuC1d6QNQBriJvYI2T_HnypeFIO2xLrrYRAMNaa_aOLWmrTU1HFI5cFqtV7_8aggLkHlWDTlxa9I2hIPcArRkCqX6SaaR_cgvJ66Y47J.fbfpIIHT4fTPIYUudG9MXs6JgDuT64i1fJ32sYpCLlEF6AJrCXdstcusL_5AsVRgXUFAlqHnt78vc4o.go1_HTxxN1CnC6F9QgNvyIDv4Dh8jZ23qhiYcW6NHsteAnBTFx6zy3uA_DcE7AfE.sZwBGFVsirsYnmz2vWshOaWrhBd1cXrbT9mVajy9PDNGCy2ZYVRrECOuO0H.bg5jP7ohVkliS437dKBQYHuOQMLWgquqtjumzQh6bqVeYxYZH8Qupg2vU.CWZs_Q.08vTJUkraMecXjqJg8qpZK0CYRb2SAiVCe6e8RgsNpBzkWc6r0DPtqEv.RKp5REWSPbY69KjYZa4QGoNx56oaqFxHROPxiUUIwaTjtMn.y54sYYF3q3s.dKtm0aci4UNqmvCh6xmyzb.Z3No0ZsW8NbAI7rfyKrvN1A5aIrjTOUJawrTdsqoTNjeVdRNA.eObOqLxSTi2L6V24iRbkPa1olG4WZsipSsybdqsJRv9fmEG.AQXdcQU0efJexIraky4QDa1V9yk2OT94dKjGj5tue1kCjcP.IP4SvxmNV2yLJchx.vdGMUWf5_.dxlDfJmgZ_BtjXTjBVo0WKyzc6PXbzmPxXfZvHynFWyFg0.HGb_N3pm8O24XxmAxkhcfqybtTAY8QBhPWmbJgRcO4GJZZJMomAxINCdbV9l5PFZTpzse5wUMq6FvpBPTJLgXFXowvpcQ1Ar5KzodRy1236GnE22QEPfb_b_rsW.84PBl.g80Ro5Hn08kWBx3VW1qZkMAKMH2.T7CdS93n3Hv5pS70x3hikd7oYdJHHi4gJ1Azlj3jnds6bnEkEIJz1PSXFJy236lS0cCQE4pd8zcDts8DjbOahzM.rWPO9KjNatn1RptJWuEyaHSIIAKmpPwY7bjE7111G2LfvmzJleqJjmTnbyUWicyaBzJ2OxzU6H.9STA4kanH5TUxSCklz_cvFXaf4_9qef.M3AavT9bXMXbKruFr5hHEZ3JnC7bPwdU3G75_Ex2Wgy.cYDpOY1t8CyEM982o4cqN.n70zMxzVpjeruee4umwpQH.CyZUkNcf8kO51RHp0VCqfzXjxPrWEsJp7Me0XewEI6PGgmdulNtbcb3WMp47tdaKX5J9CvO1vrnmP0d95ZO6krZP5J89MKVyutkZZdburc42A1HxTOTfJEqxEVULjVVlhQyE9CZYG1C3sAMehGrc9Z96U08nEr5KPYgMo4rjUOvSOqJt7qpPmjv07VdDk6N68G6VyLkK9lKaJDoH5abP7ZdFcFknxpyMJvSE8qNCaEQjLGzUApBSHJDoZjECMzqEx8wFdf7caSmRvUXdveKkAje4qJPQbmNpvkCSWMFLluPM8875DDhG5eJxbv3scdPSD.76t3MzHehiMNCWvvYDTIwsGaZqrceD7D8VhX7CYZgrc8MeAjccwY1XLlhcJct76WJb7HT72ZR3mzM2PG4_A0AxjpOFylabndHp2e56DBW7B33oFzfKHlHqlcktSGCHdVDM_CGBrKYnGNPlxiM4d.Qg8PScrId11STk",mdrd: "gB4Q274wUNhRHRXKGHPESbgHdxX.omUUJaTUQQjvNg4-1739807411-1.2.1.1-lFap1pfwFp6eEAds03tg4gHwDuOiRlE7IVS5Etzpr6HIzmTE6pqey30eclg0EKwi6FeV35GslSXT.3I1A0kUeFRd18PXSFc4AHoJ9oOx6m_9aadQvN4HWrDvKrzWpZpnrSHc1NzSshRPeumbF.j8iNSJn6hb1vkAxSkkbUeNmLo5pghJ5iBnPZ9TJn4TE74Ce24u1RdU7iGXFTdtkDhzw9_CusosMFx6g1_dbmek21lggot38uSL4.5giE7fVW5do0cQFkghyluTGfh9wIxdUrt4lViSsM_z27lFM2aayNRvrez_Eua766UbjNgfSYPiim.rT62S_FgIN7vk9wvjS4VlIDL0armNwA.W_XPmPMIsuZLo4tOgmTtg9DFPxqon4r8tzWYLlHABHodE77simrqvtwepILzvDPdt9Bzsv_hOn2aTFqQ5Ra7oTdty190UnTPpf4NtJpItphOZ.LSlY_8ATpaSNHlBY3eMaspf0xTGEjBeUItuDbIAzD.enxlgJkCU_dqB2Hx8aps28PxNvcXtP9Bk67EENn.Q8qhHzVI69w.zvhfCi1uo.K4f3K_DiRx.Uhabt.uBZgQV.rPG..67nmZ_baWcdbyWVDZQ78MMExSzGPiRFU2XWVfKHtSle9LzSu4qL7.ML8PTjrGX7NQiDE2HLuIyiZfSYUO16hxiz7MOxIkGbbQxzu4_KR6U6CKR7J3ehO5Z14c.iP9pQpc4ydpEKoyaX7Nvf9mHphf9Z42WsCLjoQSe4_J075yqdy_Lww3MlCGNJanHTifuQbGB61.upCAw.jElgy4cK0U73lkZiOMUpCZgCGbhYq_YWy.vDv3KlCH.CuK42EJBt4R4E9P4ontbxmcTFIzMVt8mf2LzFRESt4tMxGox4GN91Wzv_GuK5uAUg2Z5i19OkLKw.qpJJ6W_fFlBDfQmm9jvrj26BfHUad3Kl5SI9vt5rwCLgaecIFqCf83c.XQaU0cxY7THiot_hCg.9t_Ww_9_NmyL48hB9PUnBBjI2ccb3Ep0J8BV1U5aQdwp_XavIfiqgbhIKo0.xIDOAsLJIocwXwHE8YDenDOWwXmE7x12MTICEuWJxMVJgVbROwrhGGLYZi4t.qNwyMp5.saRroMBAHa61DBAI1nllLPZj65OmqcG2pknC0EqOGS7BkeZUr1wbQqCNZ7spS5jdoziOe3gKU.jteCoYGCfUB1xCV6w4hF3fhvUKMYq29k1hxO3Mdrx_UV9UAJNdSjeLuOtccXYhiq3yMmOmHdmd8GoYiJVQ1gv8S7nx0C0uw.L0QPMtp0wUsJqUrt3sI8C.KTZ_UXojWRUpRnLgNuPL37BC__N3lLw.ql9cXWS.qn4hQmAFuOCOLRZ4yU8sn_fUAEeFIcSKZJUQ6PRBSb5mwFIxk4UCgIxsGTBu.qD1_PPTEl.q1zTEXKejeOSRbuwaSVYezguYEPDzQ68.xIOqlcRv1WFQFDDhenAJcZ61w_noTpK.cxmL776AASr5MtLl67JC1yZs2blcAsloQjjkr6agofHNzat.SqO6Gox0xXEDkC_IR5hWznEdVwUM_LiOha64H7qvMCZFyTkYFZ8mc9Rfgyyzki25lbeTepiC3NAvXXiyy_GBgW7y.tLbdO4mzJfu.9.QkO.O6RyvnoLPxfDIyfEuqNB9odhjzvSbC.9UvWh58jPymBQdjPRT9GjBc8iGpfr0ZfX_gH9Z1FMUNuujC6eEN.1atP4_K1BhEUAh3tyKBdMR1NKsYeg.IMNM8rZLFvvkAfK9Z.5ifL4V1I5Jk3Uz2o_22YZiuSe8lAtKc9jpDPDGSXh_jenVbwMza_fKXUpC7aHSQnJuju3_lxiGcGxwYOR301Ihug6vsYWtdULb0gQ0fGmOWH6E7QlgxUWr.M0e.bEJ3HOqwWG8xm.Du.MmZkP.FZaRcRdsSzO8I2eD8XTebk4CX4bwJN7J6DDcCbunj7jyBlx41QKXV2ZAqOG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136ee819e94fde2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10003181\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Cr1Dq9ovD_5eC7Km.ZnJ.sS7.pFJq1pHJdu3BYq3ShU-1739807411-1.0.1.1-aPpRgfjEYlaAm4E25faCU9lQ6XDMyOP.s5scBjXlWpE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>