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白居易 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-家世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#家世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>家世</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-家世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-長安與早年的仕宦生活" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#長安與早年的仕宦生活"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>長安與早年的仕宦生活</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-長安與早年的仕宦生活-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-江州與貶謫生涯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#江州與貶謫生涯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>江州與貶謫生涯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-江州與貶謫生涯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-蘇杭的政績" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蘇杭的政績"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>蘇杭的政績</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蘇杭的政績-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-洛陽與晚年生活" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#洛陽與晚年生活"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>洛陽與晚年生活</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-洛陽與晚年生活-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-子女" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子女"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>子女</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子女-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學成就" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學成就"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文學成就</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文學成就-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文學成就子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文學成就-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-理念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>理念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-理念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-詩歌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詩歌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>詩歌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詩歌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-諷諭詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#諷諭詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>諷諭詩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-諷諭詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-閒適詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#閒適詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>閒適詩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-閒適詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-感傷詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#感傷詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>感傷詩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-感傷詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-雜律詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#雜律詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>雜律詩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-雜律詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-散文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#散文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>散文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-散文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人物形象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人物形象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>人物形象</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人物形象-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关人物形象子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-人物形象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人生哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人生哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>人生哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人生哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交友" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交友"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>交友</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交友-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-風流韻事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#風流韻事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>風流韻事</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-風流韻事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民間形象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民間形象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>民間形象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民間形象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-评价" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#评价"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>评价</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-评价-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关评价子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-评价-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-唐代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#唐代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>唐代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-唐代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-五代、宋元" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#五代、宋元"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>五代、宋元</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-五代、宋元-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-明清" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#明清"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>明清</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-明清-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國近現代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國近現代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>中國近現代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國近現代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-纪念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#纪念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>纪念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-纪念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">白居易</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。44种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A" title="باي جوي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باي جوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88_%DA%86%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پو چویی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پو چویی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8E%D1%96" title="Бо Цзюі – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бо Цзюі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="པའེ་ཅུས་དབྱི། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པའེ་ཅུས་དབྱི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83h_G%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-%C4%ADk" title="Băh Gṳ̆-ĭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Băh Gṳ̆-ĭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بای جویی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بای جویی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_%C5%A4%C3%BC-i" title="Po Ťü-i – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Po Ťü-i" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88_%DA%86%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پو چویی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پو چویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_Ch%C3%BC-i" title="Po Chü-i – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Po Chü-i" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk_K%C3%AE-yi%CC%8Dt" title="Pha̍k Kî-yi̍t – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pha̍k Kî-yi̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_Cs%C3%BC-ji" title="Po Csü-ji – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Po Csü-ji" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D4%BE%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%AB" title="Պայ Ծյույի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պայ Ծյույի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="白居易 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白居易" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B1%B0%EC%9D%B4" title="백거이 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백거이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%B8" title="Бо Цзюйи – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бо Цзюйи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_%C5%A4%C3%BC-i" title="Po Ťü-i – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Po Ťü-i" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%82%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Бај Ђуји – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бај Ђуји" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bai Juyi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%B8" title="Бо Сзюйи – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бо Сзюйи" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8B_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89" title="ไป๋ จวีอี้ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไป๋ จวีอี้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B9-%D1%96" title="Бо Цзюй-і – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бо Цзюй-і" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_szyuyi" title="Bo szyuyi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bo szyuyi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1ch_C%C6%B0_D%E1%BB%8B" title="Bạch Cư Dị – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bạch Cư Dị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="白居易 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="白居易" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="白居易 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="白居易" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh_Ku-e%CC%8Dk" title="Pe̍h Ku-e̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h Ku-e̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="白居易 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白居易" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q313324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #FFFFDD">白居易</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#CDDBE8">詩人</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%99%BD%E6%A8%82%E5%A4%A9.png" class="mw-file-description" title="白居易"><img alt="白居易" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%E7%99%BD%E6%A8%82%E5%A4%A9.png/250px-%E7%99%BD%E6%A8%82%E5%A4%A9.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%E7%99%BD%E6%A8%82%E5%A4%A9.png/375px-%E7%99%BD%E6%A8%82%E5%A4%A9.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/%E7%99%BD%E6%A8%82%E5%A4%A9.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="555" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">清宫殿藏本白居易畫像</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">國家</th><td class="infobox-data country-name" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">姓</th><td class="infobox-data family-name" style="">白</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">名</th><td class="infobox-data given-name" style="">居易(取自《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%B8" title="中庸">中庸</a>》第十四章當中的「故君子<b>居易</b>以俟命」之句)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">樂天(取自《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E4%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="易传">易傳</a>.<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%AB%E8%BE%AD" title="繫辭">繫辭</a>上》第四章當中的「<b>樂天</b>知命,故不憂」之句)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="號">號</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">香山居士、醉吟先生</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">族裔</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">祖籍</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="山西省">山西</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82" title="太原市">太原</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">別名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">廣大教化主、詩仙、詩魔、白文公、白樂天、白香山</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9B%86" title="大曆">大曆</a>七年正月二十日(772年2月28日)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%8D%8E%E5%8E%BF)" title="华州 (华县)">華州</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E9%82%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="下邽(页面不存在)">下邽</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西省">陝西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="渭南市">渭南市</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%8C_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="会昌 (唐朝)">會昌</a>六年八月十四日(846年9月8日)<br />(74歲)<br />東都<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="洛阳市">洛陽</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">墓葬</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93" title="白居易墓">白园</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84560819">.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox bordered mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #CFCFCF; text-align: center">親屬<span id="mw-collapsible-toggle-placeholder"></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">白季庚<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2836</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="母親">母親</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">魏氏<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2727</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">妻</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">弘農楊氏<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:42、2654、3760</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">同胞兄弟</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><i>弟</i> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%8C%E7%AE%80" title="白行简">白行簡</a><sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2727、3716</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">異母兄弟</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><i>兄</i> 白幼文<br /><i>弟</i> 白幼美<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2661、2727、2838</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%AD%90" title="兒子">子</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">白阿崔<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1939、1963、1976、1978</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">女</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">白金鑾<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:480、529</sup><br />白羅子<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:393、1049、2235</sup><br />其他至少還有兩個女兒<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1125、1202</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">其他親屬</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">叔父:白季康<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3754</sup>、<br /> <p>外孫:談閣童<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2417、2536、3916</sup>、<br /> </p> 外孫女:談引珠<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2324</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header collapsible collapsed" style="background: #CFCFCF;">著作</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6%E9%9B%86" class="extiw" title="s:白氏長慶集">白氏長慶集</a>》</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>白居易</b>(772年2月28日—846年9月8日)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a><b>樂天</b>,晚<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B7" title="号">號</a><b>香山居士</b>、<b>醉吟先生</b>,在詩界有<b>廣大教化主</b>的稱號。祖籍<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="山西省">山西</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82" title="太原市">太原</a>,生于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%8D%8E%E5%8E%BF)" title="华州 (华县)">華州</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E9%82%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="下邽(页面不存在)">下邽</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西省">陝西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="渭南市">渭南市</a>),<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐代</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学家">文學家</a>,文章精切,特別擅長寫詩,是<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">中唐</a>最具代表性的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="诗人">詩人</a>之一。作品平易近人、通俗易懂,乃至於有「老嫗能解」的說法。 </p><p>白居易早年積極從事政治改革,關懷民生,倡導<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A8%82%E5%BA%9C%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新樂府運動">新樂府運動</a>,主張詩歌創作不能離開現實,須取材於現實事件,反映時代的狀況,所謂「文章合為時而著,歌詩合為事而作」,是繼<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>之後實際派文學的重要領袖人物之一。他晚年雖仍不改關懷民生之心,卻因政治上的不得志,而多時放意詩酒,作《醉吟先生傳》以自況。白居易與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>齊名,號「<b>元白</b>」,元白兩人是文學革新運動的伙伴,分別作有《元氏長慶集》與《白氏長慶集》,稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="長慶體">長慶體</a>,又稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%93" title="元和体">元和體</a>。晚年白居易又與<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%B9%E9%94%A1" title="刘禹锡">劉禹錫</a>唱和甚多,人稱為「<b>劉白</b>」。 </p><p>白居易因努力寫詩,曾自述或許有人認為他是「<b>詩王</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>或「<b>詩魔</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97" title="唐宣宗">唐宣宗</a>曾褒白居易為「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E4%BB%99" class="mw-disambig" title="詩仙">詩仙</a></b>」,故人稱「<b>敕封詩仙</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>是後世才由民間从「謫仙人」轉尊為「詩仙」。 </p><p>白居易的作品,在作者在世時就已廣為流傳於社會各地各階層,乃至外國,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>等地,產生很大的影響。重要的詩歌有《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%81%A8%E6%AD%8C" title="長恨歌">長恨歌</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="琵琶行">琵琶行</a>》、《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E4%B8%AD%E5%90%9F" class="extiw" title="s:秦中吟">秦中吟</a>》、 <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A8%82%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="新樂府">新樂府</a>、《問劉十九》<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等,重要的文章有《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》等。其中《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%88%E7%83%8F%E5%A4%9C%E5%95%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="慈烏夜啼(页面不存在)">慈烏夜啼</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E8%A9%A9" title="燕詩">燕詩</a>》即表現他為人孝順。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="家世"><span id=".E5.AE.B6.E4.B8.96"></span>家世</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:家世"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>據史籍記載,白居易<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%B1%8D" title="祖籍">祖籍</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="太原">太原</a><sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-墓碑銘_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-墓碑銘-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>自述<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%B5%B7" title="白起">白起</a>之後<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,白起24世孫白邕,任北魏太原太守,白邕5世孫白建,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="北齊">北齊</a>五兵尚書,因功賜田<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="韓城市">韓城</a>(今陝西渭南),白建曾孫白温,任唐朝檢校都官郎中,遷華州下邽(今<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="陕西省">陕西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="渭南市">渭南市</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E6%B8%AD%E5%8C%BA" title="临渭区">临渭区</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E9%82%BD%E9%95%87" title="下邽镇">下邽镇</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,白温第六子白鍠,任<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A9%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="巩县">鞏縣</a>令,居郑州,生五子,各以其官散居四方。白鍠长子白季庚,任襄州别驾,生四子,次子就是白居易。白居易生于河南新郑。 </p><p>部分近代學者認為白居易可能是<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="胡人">胡人</a>的後裔<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,一说<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9" title="龟兹">龟兹</a>王族後裔<sup id="cite_ref-劉學銚2004_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-劉學銚2004-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-林恩顯1988_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林恩顯1988-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,然而也有反對意見<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>白居易的祖父白鍠,曾任<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E6%B4%A5%E5%8E%BF" title="延津县">酸棗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A9%E4%B9%89%E5%B8%82" title="巩义市">鞏縣</a>縣令。父親白季庚,<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" title="唐德宗">唐德宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%AD_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="建中 (唐朝)">建中</a>年間任<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="徐州市">彭城</a>令,對抗<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%AD%A3%E5%B7%B1" title="李正己">李正己</a>的叛變有功,授朝散大夫、大理少卿、徐州別駕等官職,並賜緋魚袋,兼徐泗觀察判官。後來歷任衢州、襄州別駕<sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。白居易的外祖母也是白氏出身,因此白居易的母親陳氏,與白家之間本有血親關係。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>六世祖:白建,北齐五兵尚书。</li> <li>五世祖:白士通,唐利州都督。</li> <li>高祖:白志善,尚衣奉御。</li> <li>曾祖:白温,检校都官郎中。</li> <li>祖父:白鍠,延安令。</li> <li>父亲:白季庚,大理少卿、襄州別驾。</li> <li>母亲:颍川陈氏。生居易、行简。</li></ul> <table class="prettytable" width="270px" align="right" style="font-size:85%; border:solid 1px black;"> <caption>白居易歲數與在位皇帝年號對照 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>歲數 </th> <th>皇帝 </th> <th>年號 </th> <th>西曆 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%97" title="唐代宗">唐代宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9B%86" title="大曆">大曆</a>七年 </td> <td>772年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" title="唐德宗">唐德宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%AD_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="建中 (唐朝)">建中</a>元年 </td> <td>780年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" title="唐德宗">唐德宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E5%85%83" title="興元">興元</a>元年 </td> <td>784年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" title="唐德宗">唐德宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E5%85%83_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="貞元 (唐朝)">貞元</a>元年 </td> <td>785年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%A1%BA%E5%AE%97" title="唐顺宗">唐順宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E8%B2%9E_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="永貞 (唐朝)">永貞</a>元年 </td> <td>805年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐宪宗">唐憲宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%92%8C_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="元和 (唐朝)">元和</a>元年 </td> <td>806年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97" title="唐穆宗">唐穆宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6" title="長慶">長慶</a>元年 </td> <td>821年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>54歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%95%AC%E5%AE%97" title="唐敬宗">唐敬宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%8E%86_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="宝历 (唐朝)">寶曆</a>元年 </td> <td>825年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>56歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%96%87%E5%AE%97" title="唐文宗">唐文宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="大和 (唐朝)">大和</a>元年 </td> <td>827年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>65歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%96%87%E5%AE%97" title="唐文宗">唐文宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%88%90" title="開成">開成</a>元年 </td> <td>836年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>70歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%97" title="唐武宗">唐武宗</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%8C_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="会昌 (唐朝)">會昌</a>元年 </td> <td>841年 </td></tr> <tr> <td>75歲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97" title="唐宣宗">唐宣宗</a> </td> <td>会昌六年 </td> <td>846年 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白居易772年(<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%97" title="唐代宗">唐代宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9B%86" title="大曆">大曆</a>七年)生於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河南">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%83%91" class="mw-redirect" title="新郑">新郑</a>,後因戰亂等因素,遷徙於越中、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A2%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="衢州">衢州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3)" title="宿州 (古代)">符離</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%84%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="襄陽">襄陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="洛陽">洛陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="長安">長安</a>等地。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>青年时期家境贫困<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,对社会生活和百姓疾苦有较多接触和了解。787年(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E5%85%83_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="貞元 (唐朝)">貞元</a>二年),白居易至長安,拜訪當時的名士顧況。顧況見到白居易的姓名時,曾調侃地說「米價方貴,居亦弗易。」及至看到他的詩篇,才感嘆道:「道得箇語,居即易矣。」<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>799年(貞元十四年),白居易開始投入科考。800年(貞元十五年)<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%A3%AB" title="进士">進士</a>及第,隨後回家鄉探望親戚。802年(貞元十七年)試<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E5%88%A4%E6%8B%94%E8%90%83%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="书判拔萃科(页面不存在)">书判拔萃科</a>及第,與同時及第的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>訂交,成為終身的好友。803年(貞元十八年)授<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E7%9C%81" title="秘書省">秘書省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E4%B9%A6%E9%83%8E" title="校书郎">校書郎</a><sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,定居於<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89" title="长安">長安</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>作品例舉:《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8B%E5%BE%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%8E%9F%E8%8D%89%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB" title="赋得古原草送别">賦得古原草送別</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:768</sup>、《百道判》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3561</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="長安與早年的仕宦生活"><span id=".E9.95.B7.E5.AE.89.E8.88.87.E6.97.A9.E5.B9.B4.E7.9A.84.E4.BB.95.E5.AE.A6.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB"></span>長安與早年的仕宦生活</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:長安與早年的仕宦生活"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>806年(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%92%8C_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="元和 (唐朝)">元和</a>元年),白居易罷校書郎。同年四月試<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8D%E8%AD%98%E5%85%BC%E8%8C%82%E6%98%8E%E6%96%BC%E9%AB%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="才識兼茂明於體用科(页面不存在)">才識兼茂明於體用科</a>,及第,授<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A9%E5%BA%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="盩庢">盩庢</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E8%87%B3%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="周至縣">周至縣</a>)尉<sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。807年(元和二年),任進士考官、集賢校理,授<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%B0%E6%9E%97%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="翰林学士">翰林學士</a>。808年(元和三年)任<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BE%E9%81%BA_(%E5%AE%98%E5%90%8D)" title="拾遺 (官名)">左拾遺</a>,迎娶<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%B1%9D%E5%A3%AB" title="楊汝士">楊汝士</a>之妹(即楊虞卿從妹)為妻。810年(元和五年)改任京兆府戶部參軍,811年(元和六年)母親陳氏去世,離職丁憂,歸下邽。814年(元和九年)回長安,授太子左贊善大夫。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>任左拾遺時,白居易以為直言敢諫就是好官,故頻繁上書言事,並寫大量的反應社會現實的詩歌補察時政,誇張到不管朝中大小事、就算不是白居易權責所管之事也要上表參劾,多管閒事的行為讓不少朝中大臣對白居易感到不滿<sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,乃致力於當面指出皇帝的錯誤<sup id="cite_ref-新唐書_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新唐書-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。因他言事太過直接數量又太多,令<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%86%B2%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="唐憲宗">唐憲宗</a>感到不快而向<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%B5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="李絳">李絳</a>抱怨:「白居易小子,是朕拔擢致名位,而無禮於朕,朕實難奈。」李絳認為這是白居易的一片忠心,而勸諫憲宗廣開言路。<sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>作品例舉:《策林》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3436</sup>、《長恨歌》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:659</sup>、《秦中吟》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:80</sup>、《新樂府》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:136</sup>、《自吟拙什因有所懷》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:331</sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E4%BA%AD%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%83%8F.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E4%BA%AD%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%83%8F.JPG/270px-%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E4%BA%AD%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%83%8F.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E4%BA%AD%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%83%8F.JPG/405px-%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E4%BA%AD%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%83%8F.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E4%BA%AD%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%83%8F.JPG/540px-%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E4%BA%AD%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%83%8F.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2527" data-file-height="1922" /></a><figcaption>九江琵琶亭白居易石像</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="江州與貶謫生涯"><span id=".E6.B1.9F.E5.B7.9E.E8.88.87.E8.B2.B6.E8.AC.AB.E7.94.9F.E6.B6.AF"></span>江州與貶謫生涯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:江州與貶謫生涯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanyoushiren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sanyoushiren.jpg/200px-Sanyoushiren.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sanyoushiren.jpg/300px-Sanyoushiren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sanyoushiren.jpg/400px-Sanyoushiren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption>宜昌三游洞诗人,中為白居易、左為<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%8C%E7%B0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="白行簡">白行簡</a>、右為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a></figcaption></figure> <p>815年(元和十年),宰相<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E8%A1%A1" title="武元衡">武元衡</a>遇刺身亡,白居易上表主張嚴緝兇手,被認為是越職言事。其後白居易又被誹謗:母親看花而墜井去世,白居易卻著有「賞花」及「新井」詩,有害名教。遂以此為理由貶為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%9E_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%89)" title="江州 (西晉)">江州</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="江西省">江西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F%E5%B8%82" title="九江市">九江市</a>)<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="司馬">司馬</a><sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。818年(元和十三年)冬,被任命為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="忠州 (唐朝)">忠州</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E5%B8%82" title="重庆市">重慶市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="忠縣">忠縣</a>)刺史,819年(元和十四年)到任。820年(元和十五年)夏,被召回長安,任尚書司門員外郎。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>白居易的母親雖因看花墜井去世,然而白居易早有許多詠花之作,而依<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代">宋代</a>的紀錄,新井詩作於元和元年(806年)左右(新井詩今已失傳),而白居易母五年後才去世,可見此事不能構成罪名。<sup id="cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-葉慶炳-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>他被貶謫的主因,很可能與他寫諷諭作品而得罪當權者有關。<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>貶謫江州是白居易一生的轉捩點:在此之前他以「兼濟」為志,希望能做對國家人民有益的貢獻;至此之後他的行事漸漸轉向「獨善其身」,雖仍有關懷人民的心,表現出的行動卻已無過去的火花了。<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>然而白居易在江州雖不得志,大體上仍能恬然自處,曾在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B1%B1" title="庐山">廬山</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E7%88%90%E5%B3%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="香爐峰(页面不存在)">香爐峰</a>北建草堂,並與當地的僧人交遊<sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>818年(元和十三年),白居易的弟弟<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%8C%E7%AE%80" title="白行简">白行簡</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%9E_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%89)" title="江州 (西晉)">江州</a>與白居易相聚。當白居易被任命為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="忠州 (唐朝)">忠州</a>刺史時,白行簡也一同與兄長溯江而上。途中與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>相遇於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E7%89%9B%E5%B3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黃牛峽(页面不存在)">黃牛峽</a>,三人相遊之處被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%B8%E6%B4%9E%E6%91%A9%E5%B4%96" title="三游洞摩崖">三遊洞</a>。在忠州任職的時間,白居易在忠州城東的山坡上種花,並命名此地為「東坡」。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>作品例舉:《讀李杜詩集因題卷後》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:956</sup>、《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2789</sup>、《訪陶公舊宅並序》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:362</sup>、《編集拙詩成一十五卷因題卷末戲贈元九、李二十》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1053</sup>、《琵琶行》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:685</sup>、《遊大林寺序》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2755</sup>、《草堂記》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2736</sup>、《與微之書》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2814</sup>、《李白墓》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1099</sup>、《三遊洞序》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2753</sup>、《東坡種花》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:599</sup>。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bai_Juyi_Statue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bai_Juyi_Statue.JPG/270px-Bai_Juyi_Statue.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bai_Juyi_Statue.JPG/405px-Bai_Juyi_Statue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bai_Juyi_Statue.JPG/540px-Bai_Juyi_Statue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>苏州唐少傅白公祠内的白居易雕像</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bai_Juyi_Temple_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bai_Juyi_Temple_1.JPG/270px-Bai_Juyi_Temple_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bai_Juyi_Temple_1.JPG/405px-Bai_Juyi_Temple_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bai_Juyi_Temple_1.JPG/540px-Bai_Juyi_Temple_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>苏州唐少傅白公祠院内</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93.jpg/270px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93.jpg/405px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93.jpg/540px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>洛阳龙门白居易墓</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蘇杭的政績"><span id=".E8.98.87.E6.9D.AD.E7.9A.84.E6.94.BF.E7.B8.BE"></span>蘇杭的政績</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:蘇杭的政績"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>820年(元和十五年)冬,轉任<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%AE%A2%E9%83%8E%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="主客郎中">主客郎中</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E8%AA%A5" title="知制誥">知制誥</a>。821年(<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6" title="長慶">長慶</a>元年),加<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%95%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" title="朝散大夫">朝散大夫</a>,始正式著五品緋色<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D" title="朝服">朝服</a>,(緋色即朱色,為五品以上官員所用的服色。<sup id="cite_ref-傅樂成《隋唐五代史》_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-傅樂成《隋唐五代史》-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)轉上柱國,又轉中書舍人。822年(長慶二年),白居易上書論當時河北的軍事,不被採用,於是請求到外地任職,7月被任命為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="杭州市">杭州</a>刺史,10月到任。任內有修築西湖堤防、疏浚六井等政績。824年(長慶四年)5月,任太子左庶子分司東都,秋天至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="洛阳市">洛陽</a>,在洛陽履道里購宅。825年,被任命為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="苏州市">蘇州</a>刺史,5月到任。826年因病離職,後與<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%B9%E9%94%A1" title="刘禹锡">劉禹錫</a>相伴遊覽於<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="扬州市">揚州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%BA" title="淮安区">楚州</a>一帶。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>在杭州刺史任內,见杭州有六口古井因年久失修,便主持疏浚六井,以解決杭州人飲水問題。又见<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96" title="西湖">西湖</a>淤塞农田干旱,因此修堤蓄積湖水,以利灌溉,舒緩旱災所造成的危害<sup id="cite_ref-新唐書_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新唐書-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,並作《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%94%90%E6%96%87/%E5%8D%B70676" class="extiw" title="s:全唐文/卷0676">錢塘湖石記</a>》,將治理湖水的政策、方式與注意事項,刻石置於湖邊,供後人知曉,對後來杭州的治理湖水有很大的影響<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。離任前,白居易將一筆官俸留在州庫之中作為基金,以供後來治理杭州的官員公務上的周轉,事後再補回原數。這筆基金一直運作到黃巢之亂時,當黃巢抵達杭州,文書多焚燒散失,這筆基金才不知去向。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>現在西湖有<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4" title="白堤">白堤</a>,两岸栽种有杨柳,後世誤傳這即是白居易所修築的堤,而稱之為白公堤。事實上這道「<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4" title="白堤">白堤</a>」在白居易來杭州之前已存在,當時稱為「白沙堤」,且見於白居易的詩作之中<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>當白居易在杭州時,元稹亦從宰相轉任浙東觀察使,浙東、杭州相去並非太遠,因而二人之間有許多往還的贈答詩篇。當白居易任滿離開杭州時,元稹要求白居易交出全部的作品,編成《白氏長慶集》五十卷。 </p><p>在蘇州刺史任內,白居易为了便利苏州水陆交通,开凿了一条长七里西起<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E4%B8%98" title="虎丘">虎丘</a>东至<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8A%E9%97%A8" title="阊门">阊门</a>的山塘河,山塘河河北修建道路,叫「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%A1%98" class="mw-redirect" title="七里山塘">七里山塘</a>」,简称「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%A1%98" class="mw-redirect" title="七里山塘">山塘街</a>」。 </p><p>作品例舉:《江樓夕望招客》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1373</sup>、《冷泉亭記》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2764</sup>、《錢塘湖石記》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3668</sup>、《自到郡齋,僅經旬日,方專公務,未及宴遊。偷閒走筆題二十四韻,兼寄常州賈舍人、湖州崔郎中,仍呈吳中諸客》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1624</sup>、《對酒吟》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1639</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="洛陽與晚年生活"><span id=".E6.B4.9B.E9.99.BD.E8.88.87.E6.99.9A.E5.B9.B4.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB"></span>洛陽與晚年生活</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:洛陽與晚年生活"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>827年(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="大和 (唐朝)">大和</a>元年),白居易至長安任<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E7%9B%91" title="秘书监">秘書監</a>,配紫金魚袋,換穿紫色朝服(三品以上官員所用的服色)。828年(大和二年),轉任刑部侍郎,封晉陽縣男。829年春,因病改授與太子賓客分司,回洛陽履道里。830年(大和四年)12月,任河南尹。831年(大和五年)七月元稹去世。832年(大和六年),為元稹撰寫墓誌銘,元家給白居易潤筆的六七十萬錢,白居易將全數布施於洛陽<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="香山寺">香山寺</a>。833年(大和七年),因病免河南尹,再任太子賓客分司。835年(大和九年),被任命為<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="同州">同州</a>刺史,辭不赴任,後改任命為太子少傅分司東都,封馮翊縣侯,仍留在洛陽。839年(<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%88%90" title="開成">開成</a>四年)10月得風疾。841年(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%8C_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="会昌 (唐朝)">會昌</a>元年),罷太子少傅,停俸。842年(會昌二年),以刑部尚書致仕,領取半俸。846年(會昌六年)8月去世,贈尚書右僕射。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>葬於龍門<sup id="cite_ref-墓碑銘_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-墓碑銘-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>(今在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="龙门石窟">龍門石窟</a>之白园,對岸賓陽洞,風景獨異)。 </p><p>晚年的白居易大多在洛陽的履道里第度過,與<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%B9%E9%94%A1" title="刘禹锡">劉禹錫</a>唱和,時常遊歷於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%B9%E9%97%A8%E5%8F%A3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="禹门口(页面不存在)">龍門</a>一帶。作《池上篇》、《醉吟先生傳》自況。845年,白居易74歲,尚在履道里第舉行「七老會」,與會者有胡杲、吉皎、鄭據、劉真、盧貞、張渾與白居易;同年夏,以七老合僧如滿、李元爽,畫成「九老圖」。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易晚年篤信佛教,號<b>香山居士</b>,為詩僧如滿之弟子。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>晚年白居易的生活,大多是以「閒適」的生活反應自己「窮則獨善其身」的人生哲學。而844年(會昌四年),73歲的白居易出錢開挖龍門一帶阻礙舟行的石灘,事成後作詩《開龍門八節石灘詩二首并序》留念,詩中仍反映出他「達則兼濟天下」的人生觀。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>作品例舉:《和微之詩二十三首序》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1463</sup>、《池上篇并序》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3705</sup>、《唐故武昌軍節度處置等使正議大夫檢校戶部尚書鄂州刺史兼御史大夫賜紫金魚袋贈尚書右僕射河南元公墓誌銘并序》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3735</sup>、《修香山寺記》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3689</sup>、《醉吟先生傳》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3782</sup>、《不能忘情吟》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3810</sup>、《贈夢得》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2477</sup>、《佛光和尚真贊》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3814</sup>、《開龍門八節石灘詩二首并序》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2550</sup>、《白氏集後記》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3916</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子女"><span id=".E5.AD.90.E5.A5.B3"></span>子女</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:子女"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白居易有两女一男三个亲生子女,过继其兄<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B9%BC%E6%96%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白幼文(页面不存在)">白幼文</a>之子<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%99%AF%E5%8F%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白景受(页面不存在)">白景受</a>。大女儿<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%8A%AE%E5%AD%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="金銮子(页面不存在)">金銮子</a>早亡,白居易为其撰写过《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%8A%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%99%AC%E6%97%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="金銮子晬日(页面不存在)">金銮子晬日</a>》与《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%B5%E9%87%91%E9%8A%AE%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%A4%E9%A6%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="念金銮子两首(页面不存在)">念金銮子两首</a>》;二女儿<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%85(%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A5%B3%E5%85%92)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿羅(白居易女兒)(页面不存在)">阿羅</a>平安长大,后嫁与谈弘谟,生有一女一男,丈夫早逝后回到父亲身边。白居易为其撰写过《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%BE%E9%9B%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="吾雏(页面不存在)">吾雏</a>》,亦为其子女写过生日庆诗《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%B2%81%E6%97%A5%E5%96%9C%E8%B0%88%E6%B0%8F%E5%A4%96%E5%AD%99%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%A9%E6%BB%A1%E6%9C%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="小岁日喜谈氏外孙女孩满月(页面不存在)">小岁日喜谈氏外孙女孩满月</a>》与《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%88%E6%B0%8F%E5%A4%96%E5%AD%99%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E5%96%9C%E6%98%AF%E7%94%B7%E5%81%B6%E5%90%9F%E6%88%90%E7%AF%87%E5%85%BC%E6%88%8F%E5%91%88%E6%A2%A6%E5%BE%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="谈氏外孙生三日喜是男偶吟成篇兼戏呈梦得(页面不存在)">谈氏外孙生三日喜是男偶吟成篇兼戏呈梦得</a>》;三子<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E9%98%BF%E5%B4%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白阿崔(页面不存在)">白阿崔</a>早亡,白居易有诗《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B4%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿崔(页面不存在)">阿崔</a>》,《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%AD%E5%B4%94%E5%84%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哭崔儿(页面不存在)">哭崔儿</a>》与《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%A7%E5%B4%94%E5%84%BF%E6%8A%A5%E5%BE%AE%E4%B9%8B%E6%99%A6%E5%8F%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="初丧崔儿报微之晦叔(页面不存在)">初丧崔儿报微之晦叔</a>》。养子白景受官至孟懷觀察支使,生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E9%82%A6%E7%BF%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白邦翰(页面不存在)">白邦翰</a>,司封郎中。白邦翰生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白思齊(页面不存在)">白思齊</a>,鄭州錄事參軍<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文學成就"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E6.88.90.E5.B0.B1"></span>文學成就</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:文學成就"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bai_Juyi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bai_Juyi.jpg/200px-Bai_Juyi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bai_Juyi.jpg/300px-Bai_Juyi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bai_Juyi.jpg/400px-Bai_Juyi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1564" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>白居易與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>齊名,號「<b>元白</b>」,是繼<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>之後實際派文學的重要領袖人物<sup id="cite_ref-讀白居易與元九書_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-讀白居易與元九書-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。他曾自己編輯自己的著作,名為《白氏長慶集》(或《<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86" title="白氏文集">白氏文集</a>》),共七十五卷<sup id="cite_ref-白氏長慶集後序_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白氏長慶集後序-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,現存七十一卷。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易對文學創作非常地投入,少年時認真地投入學習,甚至到影響健康,提早出現衰老的症狀。<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>他曾以<b>詩仙</b>、<b>詩魔</b>自比,形容自己對詩歌創作的投入<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>不同於其他大多數的詩人,白居易在世時他的作品就已經得享盛名,廣泛流傳於各地、各階層<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-白氏長慶集序_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白氏長慶集序-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,是唐代詩人中作品在生前流傳最廣的一位。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>他的作品也流傳至<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%97" title="新罗">新羅</a><sup id="cite_ref-白氏長慶集後序_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白氏長慶集後序-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等地。在早期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>,《白氏文集》是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>文學漢化的最重要依據。<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="理念"><span id=".E7.90.86.E5.BF.B5"></span>理念</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:理念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白居易認為文學是反映自己人生哲學(道)的工具。而依自己的現況,又可分為「兼濟」與「獨善」兩類。白居易曾將自己的詩分為諷喻、閒適、感傷和雜律四類。而他本人特別重視兩類詩文:其一是作為「兼濟」工具的諷諭詩,其二是則是反映自己「獨善」心志的閒適詩。並提出「文章合爲時而著,歌詩合爲事而作」的主張。<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>歸納白居易基本主張:「可說是為人生而作文學!文學是救濟社會,改善人生的利器;最上要能『補察時政』,至少也須能『洩導人情』;凡不能這樣的,都『不過嘲風雪,弄花草而已』。」<sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易的詩歌理念與元稹一致。<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%AD%90%E6%98%82" title="陳子昂">陳子昂</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>古詩作品、以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>寫實作品,對元、白的詩歌理念可能有很大的影響。<sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>對於白居易的文學主張,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B0" title="劉大杰">劉大杰</a>認為白居易「作了大膽的批判和正確的評價。」<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>胡適肯定白居易以詩歌造成輿論而改善時政的意圖,但也認為白居易的詩歌理論有過於狹隘的缺陷。<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易對前人詩作,也因他的文學理論,而出現相衝突的評價。例如《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》裏,認為<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝">晉</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%8B" title="刘宋">宋</a>是「六義寖微」的時代,而有「以淵明之高古,偏放於田園」的批評;然而白居易不但有《效陶潛體詩十六首》的詩作,也曾明確地表示仰慕<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%B8%8A%E6%98%8E" title="陶渊明">陶淵明</a>的為人。<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="詩歌"><span id=".E8.A9.A9.E6.AD.8C"></span>詩歌</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:詩歌"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>他的詩歌現存近三千首,是唐代存世诗歌最多的作家。<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="諷諭詩"><span id=".E8.AB.B7.E8.AB.AD.E8.A9.A9"></span>諷諭詩</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:諷諭詩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A8%82%E5%BA%9C%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新樂府運動">新樂府運動</a></div> <p>白居易最為重視的是諷喻詩,其創作意旨是用詩歌補時政之不足。<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>代表作有《秦中吟》、《新樂府》等,詩歌理論的實踐,對當時社會的諸多問題提出了比較系統的規諫之辭,是中國古典詩歌現實主義的代表作<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-讀白居易與元九書_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-讀白居易與元九書-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>秦中吟‧買花<br /> 帝城春欲暮,喧喧車馬度。共道牡丹時,相隨買花去。貴賤無常價,酬直看花數:灼灼百朵紅,戔戔五束素。上張幄幕庇,旁織笆籬護。水灑復泥封,移來色如故。家家習為俗,人人迷不悟。有一田舍翁,偶來買花處。低頭獨長嘆,此嘆無人諭:一叢深色花,十戶中人賦!</p></blockquote> <p>《秦中吟》是貞元、元和年間,白居易在長安,看到當時種種不公義的社會現象,有感而發,而寫下的詩篇。<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>這些詩,一事一題,一題一議,不僅反映當時社會問題,也呈現了白居易對這些議題的看法。<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易寫作諷諭詩,受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>很大的激勵,《秦中吟》便可以體現杜詩「朱門酒肉臭,路有凍死骨」一句對白居易的影響。<sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>以第十首《買花》為例,這首詩具體描繪出當時社會的貧富差距。最後六句,用對比的手法,諷刺買花者的奢侈豪華,同時也表現出詩人對窮人的同情。<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>賣炭翁 苦宮市也<br /> 賣炭翁,伐薪燒炭南山中,滿面塵灰烟火色,兩鬢蒼蒼十指黑。賣炭得錢何所營,身上衣裳口中食,可憐身上衣正單,心憂炭贱願天寒。夜來城外一尺雪,曉駕炭車輾冰轍,牛困人飢日已高,市南門外泥中歇。翩翩兩騎來是誰,黃衣使者白衫兒,手把文書口稱勅,迴車叱牛牽向北。一車炭重千餘斤,宮使驅將惜不得,半疋紅紗一丈綾,繫向牛頭充炭直。</p></blockquote> <p>白居易希望用詩歌補政治上的不足<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,《新樂府》「為君、為臣、為民、為物、為事」而作,可說是白居易詩歌理論最具體的呈現。《新樂府》作於元和四年,其寫作標準是:開頭破題,在結尾時凸顯全詩要旨;用辭淺顯,使人容易明瞭;用語直接而銳利,使人警惕;敘事可靠可信;體例流暢而可以傳唱於歌曲之中。<sup id="cite_ref-新樂府序_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新樂府序-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>為了達到上述效果,白居易在創作《新樂府》時,可能採用了許多當時的俗文學作品。<sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>但《新樂府》詩也存在著從理念出發,形象性和感染力不足的缺憾。胡適認為《新樂府》標示著白居易已經超出杜甫的影響而獨樹一格,是白居易的「理解與天才融合為一」的作品<sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;然而胡適也認為《新樂府》各篇良莠不齊,五十篇中,佳作有《上陽白髮人》、《新豐折臂翁》、《道州民》、《縛戎人》、《西涼伎》、《杜陵叟》、《繚綾》、《賣炭翁》、《鹽商婦》等篇。<sup id="cite_ref-讀香山詩瑣記_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-讀香山詩瑣記-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>以《賣炭翁》為例,序為:「苦宮市也」,揭露朝廷以宮市方式強行劫奪百姓資財;開頭六句生動刻畫出主角年紀、職業及燒炭的勞苦;「可憐」二句寫老翁生活上兩難的獨特矛盾心理;「翩翩」四句,用「翩翩」「把」「稱」「迴」「叱」「牽」等字,生動刻劃出太監的蠻橫;最後四句寫名為買賣、實為搶奪的宮市實質,僅用「半疋紅紗一丈綾」的代價,就算是償付了千餘斤炭的價金了。<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="閒適詩"><span id=".E9.96.92.E9.81.A9.E8.A9.A9"></span>閒適詩</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:閒適詩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>閒適詩是白居易在公餘之暇獨處、或因病而閒居時寫作,用以陶冶性情,反映其「知足保和」人生哲學的詩歌。此類詩歌相當受白居易本人的重視,然而較不見重於世人。<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>以《自吟拙什因有所懷》為例: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>自吟拙什因有所懷<br /> 懶病每多暇,暇來何所為?未能拋筆硯,時作一篇詩。詩成淡無味,多被眾人嗤。上怪落聲韻,下嫌拙言詞。時時自吟詠,吟罷有所思。蘇州及彭澤,與我不同時。此外復誰愛,唯有元微之。謫向江陵府,三年作判司。相去二千里,詩成遠不知。</p></blockquote> <p>詩中反映了白居易作詩的情境、對自身作品的評語、所欣賞的古詩人(<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%B8%8A%E6%98%8E" title="陶渊明">陶潛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E5%BA%94%E7%89%A9" title="韦应物">韋應物</a>)、以及與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>的交情。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="感傷詩"><span id=".E6.84.9F.E5.82.B7.E8.A9.A9"></span>感傷詩</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:感傷詩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>感傷詩是指因外界事物,有感而發,所寫成的詩歌。白居易的感傷詩中最有名的是長篇敘事詩《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%81%A8%E6%AD%8C" title="長恨歌">长恨歌</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="琵琶行">琵琶行</a>》。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%81%A8%E6%AD%8C" title="長恨歌">長恨歌</a>》,是一個將歷史典故融於感性藝術中,以富層次韻味的抒寫筆法,所描繪出的淒美的愛情故事。前半篇寫實,後半篇穿插虛構的情節和幻想的仙境。全詩語言聲調優美,抒情和敘事交融一體,有很高的藝術成就。一句「在天願作比翼鳥,在地願為連理枝」的愛情更是多少痴男怨女的美好嚮往。而作者白居易,也被譽為了中國古代最會寫情詩的詩人。白居易將這首詩歸為「感傷」類,歷代均認為這是<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E8%B4%B5%E5%A6%83" title="杨贵妃">楊貴妃</a>的故事。<sup id="cite_ref-長恨歌傳_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-長恨歌傳-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>詩中融合了許多歷史典故(包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="汉武帝">漢武帝</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%AD%A6%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E_(%E6%BC%A2%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="孝武皇后 (漢武帝)">李夫人</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%AB" title="卫子夫">衛子夫</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%AD%A6%E9%99%88%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="孝武陈皇后">陳皇后</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等),可能還受到《目連救母變文》與《歡喜國王緣》等文章的影響<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%81%A8%E6%AD%8C" title="長恨歌">長恨歌</a>是白居易流傳最廣的作品。在白居易生前就已經廣為人所傳頌<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,歷千年依舊在人口中,廣為流傳,且影響許多後來的作品,如:<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%AF%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="王伯度(页面不存在)">王伯度</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E5%AF%B6%E9%81%BA%E4%BA%8B%E8%AB%B8%E5%AE%AE%E8%AA%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="天寶遺事諸宮調(页面不存在)">天寶遺事諸宮調</a>》、元朝<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BB%81%E7%94%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="白仁甫">白樸</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%87%E7%A7%8B%E5%A4%9C%E6%A2%A7%E6%A1%90%E9%9B%A8" title="唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨">唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨</a>》雜劇、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E5%8D%87" class="mw-redirect" title="洪升">洪昇</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%BF" title="长生殿">長生殿</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、現代劇作家<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E6%B0%B8%E7%BE%A9" title="曾永義">曾永義</a>的《楊妃夢》<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等,甚至影響了<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>的文壇如《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%8F%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="源氏物語">源氏物語</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%95%E8%8D%89%E5%AD%90" title="枕草子">枕草子</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等作品。 </p><p>由於《長恨歌》的知名度高、話題敏感,且白居易並未明確揭示全詩主題,歷代解讀此詩也有許多評價與爭論。例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%88%92" title="張戒">張戒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%B4%AB%E8%8A%9D" title="周紫芝">周紫芝</a>、張祖廉等,或從禮教出發,認為長恨歌描繪愛情的內容太俚俗、輕薄。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%8B%AC" title="沈括">沈括</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E6%B8%A9" title="范温">范溫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%88%92" title="張戒">張戒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%85%8E" title="杨慎">楊慎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%BF%BC" title="趙翼">趙翼</a>認為長恨歌記載<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E8%B4%B5%E5%A6%83" title="杨贵妃">楊貴妃</a>的史實有錯誤。而<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E9%9B%AA" title="薛雪">薛雪</a>與周紫芝意見不同,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%A5%99" title="王楙">王楙</a>不同意張戒的批評。此外如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%BF%BC" title="趙翼">趙翼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4" title="王国维">王國維</a>對全詩給予很高的評價。<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>雖然白居易曾說過:「今僕之詩,人所愛者,悉不過雜律詩與『長恨歌』已下耳,時之所重,僕之所輕。」<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>然而他也寫過:「一篇長恨有風情,十首秦吟近正聲」<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>的詩句,<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" title="陈寅恪">陳寅恪</a>據此認為白居易自詡《長恨歌》為其「壓卷之傑構」<sup id="cite_ref-元白詩箋證稿&#93;_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-元白詩箋證稿]-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A2%91.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A2%91.JPG/250px-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A2%91.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A2%91.JPG/375px-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A2%91.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A2%91.JPG/500px-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A2%91.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption> 毛泽东手书白居易琵琶行碑</figcaption></figure> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="琵琶行">琵琶行</a>》描繪白居易在江州司馬任內,一次在長江上送客,聽到一位來自<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89" title="长安">長安</a>的女伎演奏的琵琶,所勾引出的貶謫寂寥之情。琵琶行特別成功之處有兩點:一是對比京城女伎與自身貶謫的雙雙痛苦經歷,而道出人人皆知、卻未能言之的全詩主題:「同是天涯淪落人,相逢何必曾相識!」<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-繪圖本唐詩三百首_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-繪圖本唐詩三百首-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>其次是對琵琶聲音的描寫,藉由生動的形象比喻、以及環境的渲染、人物的感受等,使人有置身於音樂之中的感受。<sup id="cite_ref-繪圖本唐詩三百首_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-繪圖本唐詩三百首-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>歷來多認為《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="琵琶行">琵琶行</a>》是與《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%81%A8%E6%AD%8C" title="長恨歌">長恨歌</a>》相提並論的傑作<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,胡適甚至認為《琵琶行》的成就高於《長恨歌》。<sup id="cite_ref-讀香山詩瑣記_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-讀香山詩瑣記-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="雜律詩"><span id=".E9.9B.9C.E5.BE.8B.E8.A9.A9"></span>雜律詩</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:雜律詩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由元稹為白居易所編次的《白氏長慶集》<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>的歸類可知,雜律詩泛指未能歸類為「諷諭」、「閒適」、「感傷」三類的詩歌。這類詩歌常是因遇到某些時空情境、或事物,讓作者發於一笑、一吟,因而隨性地寫出的詩歌,常用作與朋友們彼此舒懷的工具。<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>由於「諷諭」、「閒適」、「感傷」三類全屬古體詩,白居易所作近體詩全數被歸類為「律詩」。這些「律詩」可能可以進一步分類。<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>以《江樓夕望招客 》為例: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p> 海天東望夕茫茫,山勢川形闊複長。燈火萬家城四畔,星河一道水中央。風吹古木晴天雨,月照平沙夏夜霜。能就江樓消暑否,比君茅舍校清涼。</p></blockquote> <p>這首詩是白居易在杭州的夏天,欲邀友人至望海樓作客而寫。一、二句寫遠望之景。三、四句寫近望之景。五、六句採比喻的手法,用「雨」描寫「風聲」、用「霜」描寫「月色」,借用「雨」「霜」的清涼意象,引出七、八句的「消暑」,作為邀請友人的理由。<sup id="cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%BD%BC" title="苏轼">蘇軾</a>對「風吹古木晴天雨,月照平沙夏夜霜」一聯相當讚賞,認為可以做白居易優秀作品的例證。<sup id="cite_ref-白公晚年詩極高妙_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白公晚年詩極高妙-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="散文"><span id=".E6.95.A3.E6.96.87"></span>散文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:散文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白居易與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>的散文,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD" title="五代十国">五代</a>曾享有盛名,當時文譽尚在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%84%88" title="韩愈">韓愈</a>之上。後來元、白的文名不顯,有幾個原因:一是因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="古文运动">古文運動</a>倡導推崇韓愈;其次則是元、白詩名太盛,而掩蓋了其文譽。<sup id="cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-葉慶炳-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>白居易的《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%BE%AE%E4%B9%8B%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="s:與微之書">與微之書</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》反映了元稹與白居易的交情。《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》且是中國文學史上的重要文獻之一<sup id="cite_ref-讀白居易與元九書_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-讀白居易與元九書-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,其文字流暢生動、情感真摯、說理邏輯性強,具有獨特風格。《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA%E5%BA%8F" class="extiw" title="s:遊大林寺序">遊大林寺序</a>》、《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%A0%82%E8%A8%98%EF%BC%88%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%EF%BC%89" class="extiw" title="s:草堂記(白居易)">草堂記</a>》、《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%89%E4%BA%AD%E8%A8%98" class="extiw" title="s:冷泉亭記">冷泉亭記</a>》等,清新雋永,對後來的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%81%E6%96%87" title="小品文">小品文</a>創作有重大的影響。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易曾任<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E8%AA%A5" title="知制誥">知制誥</a>,他響應當時<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>對詔、誥等官方文體的改革,以古文書寫,是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="古文运动">古文運動</a>的響應者。<sup id="cite_ref-白居易散文研究_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白居易散文研究-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>其他如白居易為應科考而擬作的賦、《百道判》,曾是當時士子爭相模擬的對象<sup id="cite_ref-白氏長慶集序_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白氏長慶集序-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,他的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E6%9E%97" title="策林">策林</a>》也是為了應科考而作,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金朝</a>時<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%92%E5%8D%95%E9%95%92" class="mw-redirect" title="徒单镒">徒單鎰</a>翻譯《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E6%9E%97" title="策林">策林</a>》為女真文字<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,是最早譯為女真文字的漢人典籍之一。<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人物形象"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9.E5.BD.A2.E8.B1.A1"></span>人物形象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:人物形象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人生哲學"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.94.9F.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>人生哲學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:人生哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白居易在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》裏,描述他的人生哲學是「達則兼濟天下,窮則獨善其身」,認為應當堅守自己的理想,以等待適當的時機到來。時機來臨時,就要努力地實踐自己的理想,这个思想反映在他的詩文上,这就是「諷諭詩」的創作;若時機沒有來臨,就需要好好地修養自己,反映在詩文上,就是知足保和的「閒適詩」的創作。<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>白居易的個人修養,可用「知足」二字概括。<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" title="陈寅恪">陳寅恪</a>認為白居易的「知足」思想,是源於<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>「知足不辱」的想法。<sup id="cite_ref-元白詩箋證稿&#93;_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-元白詩箋證稿]-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易的知足思想也经常表現在他的詩文之中,例如當他擔任校書郎時「俸錢萬六千,月給亦有餘」,其後官職調動而調整俸祿時,白居易也多有詩文記載,大多也都能反映其知足常樂之情,例如:任左拾遺「月慚諫紙二千張,歲愧俸錢三十萬」、任太子賓客分司「俸錢八九萬,給受無虛月」、任太子少傅「月俸百千官二品,朝廷雇我做閒人」,退休(致仕)後領取半俸「全家遁此曾無悶,半俸資身亦有餘」「壽及七十五,俸佔五十千」。<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>從最初的月俸一萬六千錢,至最高的月俸十萬錢,以及退休後的月俸五萬錢,白居易大多都表現出知足的心態。即使是被貶謫至江州司馬,處於極不得志的時期,他仍能說出「今雖謫在遠郡,而官品至第五,月俸四五萬,寒有衣、饑有食,給身之外施及家人,亦可謂不負白氏之子矣!」<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>以此自我寬解,这也反映了他无论贫穷富贵都保持着积极向上、乐观面对生活的心态。 </p><p>白居易篤信<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="佛法">佛法</a>,尤其重視<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E5%8B%92%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="彌勒信仰">彌勒信仰</a>,希望能<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E7%94%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="往生">往生</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E5%8B%92%E4%BD%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="彌勒佛">彌勒佛</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%9C%E7%8E%87%E5%A4%A9" title="兜率天">兜率天</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8%E5%9C%9F" title="淨土">淨土</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="交友"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E5.8F.8B"></span>交友</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:交友"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白居易與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>是好友,兩人對於詩文的功能拥有着极其相似的认知,故而成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A8%82%E5%BA%9C%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新樂府運動">新樂府運動</a>的戰友;同時兩人作詩的才能相匹敵,因而常以唱和為戲。白居易曾用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E6%93%8D" title="曹操">曹操</a>誇獎<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%82%99" class="mw-redirect" title="劉備">劉備</a>的「天下英雄,唯使君與操耳」來形容兩人的交情。<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>白居易晚年常居<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="洛陽">洛陽</a>,與<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%B9%E9%94%A1" title="刘禹锡">劉禹錫</a>時常唱和往來。<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="風流韻事"><span id=".E9.A2.A8.E6.B5.81.E9.9F.BB.E4.BA.8B"></span>風流韻事</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:風流韻事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>唐時社會風氣開放<sup id="cite_ref-傅樂成《隋唐五代史》_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-傅樂成《隋唐五代史》-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,官員宴飲之時以歌妓陪伴的風氣興盛<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,當時政令風氣與後世大不相同<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。白居易曾蓄有多名歌妓,最出名的是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%8A%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="樊素(页面不存在)">樊素</a>,見於《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%94%90%E4%B9%A6" title="旧唐书">舊唐書</a>‧白居易傳》<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。白居易本身對歌妓並不忌諱,關於歌妓的描述常見於他的詩歌之中,如《與元九書》<sup id="cite_ref-與元九書_27-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、《对酒吟》<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、《江南喜逢蕭九徹,因話長安舊遊,戲贈五十韻》<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等。白居易好友<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%B9%E9%94%A1" title="刘禹锡">劉禹錫</a>相互贈答詩文中,亦有關於歌妓的描繪:如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>曾邀白居易的歌妓商玲瓏至越州,商玲瓏返回時,元稹並有詩贈白居易<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。白居易杭州刺史卸任後,曾帶杭州的歌妓回洛陽,這些歌妓後來返回杭州,劉禹錫曾有「其奈錢塘蘇小小,憶君淚點石榴裙」的詩句描繪這些歌妓對白居易的思念。<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>白居易與歌妓的往來,也使他受到許多批評。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9A%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%8B" title="龚明之">龚明之</a>認為白居易與歌妓來往,代表他荒廢政務。<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>曾因<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="胡风事件">胡風事件</a>而廣受爭議的<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C" title="舒芜">舒蕪</a>,指責白居易狎妓是不尊重女性,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>引起廣泛討論。石繼航認為這些對白居易的指責「大有鬥倒批臭之勢」,且<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C" title="舒芜">舒蕪</a>引用時看錯字,可能因此而造成解讀上的誤解。石繼航並且指出白居易與家妓樊素和小蠻感情良好,雖未知有否越軌事,然即使有,亦非狎玩,可說是兩情相悅,故而白居易與妓之事,實非重要,且其時文人幾乎皆有,不應獨責白居易。<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>晚年白居易將所有的歌妓放還,作了許多回憶的詩文,對這些歌妓多充滿了濃厚的念舊之情。<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%BD%BC" title="苏轼">蘇軾</a>晚年被貶謫時,曾經嘉許<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%9B%B2" title="王朝雲">王朝雲</a>能「不似楊枝別樂天」,願意隨著自己前往嶺南。<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>由此亦可見至少在宋朝,大多文人不將養歌妓視為卑猥之事。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="民間形象"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E9.96.93.E5.BD.A2.E8.B1.A1"></span>民間形象</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:民間形象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献:<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%BD%8B%E5%A4%9C%E8%A9%B1/%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="s:冷齋夜話/卷一">冷齋夜話/卷一</a></b></div></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>僧人<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%B4%AA" title="惠洪">惠洪</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%96%8B%E5%A4%9C%E8%AF%9D" title="冷斋夜话">冷齋夜話</a>》記載:「白居易每次寫詩,都讓一位老太太先讀。老太太能讀懂,則將詩收錄下來;若不能讀懂,則改寫其文句。因此唐末的詩鄙俗而多俚語。」<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>關於這一則記事,歷代不少人懷疑其真實性,例如《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%8B%E8%A9%A9%E9%86%87" title="唐宋詩醇">唐宋詩醇</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、胡適<sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、葉慶炳<sup id="cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-葉慶炳-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而胡適、葉慶炳亦引述這則記事,作為白居易有意以口語入詩的旁證。<sup id="cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-葉慶炳-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>可能也是因為白居易詩歌具有淺顯為大眾了解的特性,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="张为">張為</a>在《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E5%AE%A2%E5%9C%96%E5%BA%8F" class="extiw" title="s:詩人主客圖序">詩人主客圖序</a>》中稱白居易是<b>廣大教化主</b>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="评价"><span id=".E8.AF.84.E4.BB.B7"></span>评价</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:评价"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="唐代"><span id=".E5.94.90.E4.BB.A3"></span>唐代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:唐代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97" title="唐宣宗">唐宣宗</a>有弔白居易詩:「綴玉聯珠六十年,誰教冥路作詩仙。浮雲不繫名居易,造化無為字樂天。童子解吟長恨曲,胡兒能唱琵琶篇。文章已滿行人耳,一度思卿一愴然。」此詩可作為白居易一生的概括。<sup id="cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>白居易的詩文流傳很廣泛,然而歷代對其評價則不一致。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>評價白居易的詩文:「大凡人之文各有所長,樂天之長,可以為多矣。夫諷諭之詩長於激,閑適之詩長於遣,感傷之詩長於切,五字律詩百言而上長於贍,五字、七字百言而下長於情,賦、讚、箴、戒之類長於當,碑、記、敘、事、制誥長於實,啟、奏、表,狀長於直,書、檄、詞、策、剖判長於盡。總而言之,不亦多乎哉。」<sup id="cite_ref-白氏長慶集序_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白氏長慶集序-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>對白居易推崇備至。然而<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%89%A7" title="杜牧">杜牧</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%88%A1_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="李戡 (唐朝)">李戡</a>所作的墓誌銘,就記載了李戡對<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元</a>、白的批評:「詩者可以歌,可以流於竹,鼓於絲,婦人小兒,皆欲諷誦,國俗薄厚,扇之於詩,如風之疾速。嘗痛自元和以來,有元白詩者,纖豔不逞,非莊士雅人,多為其所破壞,流於民間,疏於屏壁,子父女母,交口教授,淫言媟語,冬寒夏熱,入人肌骨,不可除去。吾無位,不得用法以治之。」<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>後世許多人批評杜牧自己的「淫言媟語」也非常多<sup id="cite_ref-陳友琴_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳友琴-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,為白居易抱不平,甚至認為杜牧是假托李戡之言,挾怨報復。<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>然而亦由此可見在唐代,對白居易的評價已有不一致的狀況。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="五代、宋元"><span id=".E4.BA.94.E4.BB.A3.E3.80.81.E5.AE.8B.E5.85.83"></span>五代、宋元</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:五代、宋元"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>新、舊唐書對於白居易的評價亦有不同。舊唐書對於白居易的文學成就給予高度的肯定:「昔建安才子,始定霸於曹、劉;永明辭宗,先讓功於沈、謝。元和主盟,微之、樂天而已。臣觀元之制策,白之奏議,極文章之壺奧,盡治亂之根荄。非徒謠頌之片言,盤盂之小說。就文觀行,居易為優,放心於自得之場,置器於必安之地,優遊卒歲,不亦賢乎。」<sup id="cite_ref-舊唐書_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>新唐書描述白居易「於文章精切,然最工詩。」又說:「居易在元和、長慶時,與元稹俱有名,最長於詩,它文未能稱是也。」然而新唐書對白居易的人品則給予極高的肯定:「觀居易始以直道奮,在天子前爭安危,冀以立功,雖中被斥,晚益不衰。當宗閔時,權勢震赫,終不附離為進取計,完節自高。而稹中道徼險得宰相,名望漼然。鳴呼,居易其賢哉!」<sup id="cite_ref-新唐書_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新唐書-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>這種評價的變遷可能與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋代</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="古文运动">古文運動</a>的興起有密切的關係。<sup id="cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-葉慶炳-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%BD%BC" title="苏轼">蘇軾</a>對白居易的評價也有不一致處。蘇軾曾提出「元輕白俗」的說法,對元白的詩風頗有微詞<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。然而後來卻常以白居易自比,例如「定似香山老居士,世緣終淺道根深。」又如「予去杭十六年,而復來留二年而去。平生自覺出處老少粗似樂天,雖才名相遠,而安分寡求亦庶幾焉。」<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>蘇軾對白居易的詩作,也有「白公晚年詩極高妙。」的評語。<sup id="cite_ref-白公晚年詩極高妙_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白公晚年詩極高妙-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D" title="辽朝">辽朝</a>皇帝曾親自將白居易的諷諭詩翻譯為契丹文字,命臣子們閱讀。<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>金代,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A5%BD%E9%97%AE" title="元好问">元好問</a>對白居易的詩作給予很高的評價,他說:「并州未是風流域,五百年中一樂天。」在《論詩三十首》「一語天然萬古新」句下,元好問自注:「陶淵明,晉之白樂天。」<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="明清"><span id=".E6.98.8E.E6.B8.85"></span>明清</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:明清"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明代</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%83%E5%AD%90" title="後七子">後七子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9E" title="王世贞">王世貞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清代</a>神韻派的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A3%AB%E7%A6%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="王士禎">王士禎</a>不喜愛白居易的詩作。<br />相對的,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E6%B4%BE" title="公安派">公安派</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A2%81" title="三袁">三袁</a>對白居易的評價相當高。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E5%AE%97%E9%81%93" title="袁宗道">袁宗道</a>以「白蘇齋」為齋名,並有《詠懷效白》的詩作;<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E5%AE%8F%E9%81%93" title="袁宏道">袁宏道</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元</a>白<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%98%B3%E4%BF%AE" title="欧阳修">歐</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%BD%BC" title="苏轼">蘇</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BA" title="班固">班</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">馬</a>相提並論;<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%93" title="袁中道">袁中道</a>亦贊同兄長們的意見。<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清代</a>主張性靈說的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E6%9E%9A" title="袁枚">袁枚</a>亦給予白居易極高的評價。<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>此外,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" title="乾隆帝">乾隆皇帝</a>敕編的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%8B%E8%A9%A9%E9%86%87" title="唐宋詩醇">唐宋詩醇</a>》對白居易的詩文與為人均給予極高的評價,認為白居易「實具經世之才」,並認為官員應以白居易的詩「救煩無若靜,補拙莫如勤」作為座右銘。<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <br /> 明末清初的王夫之在《读通鉴论》中对白居易、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>等的生活方式、政治态度、道家学问甚持批评。说到白居易、元稹等沉迷于酒肆嬉游书画诗歌,虽然称名士,实则非国家之栋梁、君王之心膂。“此数子者,类皆酒肉以溺其志,嬉游以荡其情,服饰玩好书画以丧其守。凡此,非得美官厚利,则不足以厌其所欲。而精魄既摇,廉耻遂泯,方且号于人以为清流之津迳,而轻薄淫泆之士乐依之,以标榜为名士。如此,而能自树立以为君之心膂、国之桢干、民之荫藉者,万不得一。”<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國近現代"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E8.BF.91.E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3"></span>中國近現代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:中國近現代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>讚揚以白居易與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>為領袖的文學革新運動,認為可以達到以詩歌造成輿論,而有助於改善政治。<sup id="cite_ref-白話文學史_40-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>因為<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%8B%AC%E7%A7%80" title="陈独秀">陳獨秀</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>提倡<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新文學運動">新文學運動</a>,在提倡白話、不避俗字俗語的風氣下,白居易的詩歌因而很受推崇。包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" title="陈寅恪">陳寅恪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B0" title="劉大杰">劉大杰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%9F%BA%E5%8D%9A" title="钱基博">錢基博</a>等,都給予白居易極高的評價。然而<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E9%92%9F%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="钱钟书">錢鍾書</a>對白居易的評價則不高。<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白居易的文集在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>受到高度評價。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="平安时代">平安時代</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%85%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93%E7%9C%9F" title="菅原道真">菅原道真</a>寫<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="汉诗">漢詩</a>,當時<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="渤海国">渤海國</a>的人見道真的詩,認為與白居易的詩很像,這評語令道真很高興,還特別記載下來,引以為榮。<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="纪念"><span id=".E7.BA.AA.E5.BF.B5"></span>纪念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:纪念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F%E7%9C%81" title="江苏省">江苏省</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="苏州市">苏州市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8A%E9%97%A8" title="阊门">阊门</a>山塘街口建有白居易纪念馆。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省">河南省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="洛阳市">洛阳市</a>郊区安乐乡狮子桥村东建有白居易故居纪念馆。</li> <li>白居易故乡<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="陕西省">陕西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="渭南市">渭南市</a>的乐天大街以白居易的字命名。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">白居易. <a class="external text" href="https://zh.m.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8D%B7029">故巩县令白府君事状</a>. 维基文库. 白氏文集卷29. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-07-23</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003133535/https://zh.m.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8D%B7029">存档</a>于2022-10-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%95%85%E5%B7%A9%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%A4%E7%99%BD%E5%BA%9C%E5%90%9B%E4%BA%8B%E7%8A%B6&amp;rft.au=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.m.wikisource.org%2Fzh-hans%2F%25E7%2599%25BD%25E6%25B0%258F%25E6%2596%2587%25E9%259B%2586%2F%25E5%258D%25B7029&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">杭州市档案馆. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hzarchives.gov.cn/info/4733.jspx">白居易档案</a>. 杭州市档案馆. 杭州市档案局. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2022-07-23</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725220414/https://www.hzarchives.gov.cn/info/4733.jspx">存档</a>于2022-07-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.atitle=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88&amp;rft.au=%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hzarchives.gov.cn%2Finfo%2F4733.jspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-朱金城箋-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-0"><sup><b>3.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-1"><sup><b>3.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-2"><sup><b>3.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-3"><sup><b>3.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-4"><sup><b>3.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-5"><sup><b>3.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-6"><sup><b>3.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-7"><sup><b>3.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-8"><sup><b>3.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-9"><sup><b>3.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-10"><sup><b>3.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-11"><sup><b>3.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-12"><sup><b>3.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-13"><sup><b>3.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-14"><sup><b>3.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-15"><sup><b>3.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-16"><sup><b>3.16</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-17"><sup><b>3.17</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-18"><sup><b>3.18</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-19"><sup><b>3.19</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-20"><sup><b>3.20</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-21"><sup><b>3.21</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-22"><sup><b>3.22</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-23"><sup><b>3.23</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-24"><sup><b>3.24</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-25"><sup><b>3.25</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-26"><sup><b>3.26</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-27"><sup><b>3.27</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-28"><sup><b>3.28</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-29"><sup><b>3.29</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-30"><sup><b>3.30</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-31"><sup><b>3.31</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-32"><sup><b>3.32</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-33"><sup><b>3.33</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-34"><sup><b>3.34</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-35"><sup><b>3.35</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-36"><sup><b>3.36</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-37"><sup><b>3.37</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-38"><sup><b>3.38</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-39"><sup><b>3.39</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-40"><sup><b>3.40</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-41"><sup><b>3.41</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-42"><sup><b>3.42</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-43"><sup><b>3.43</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-44"><sup><b>3.44</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-45"><sup><b>3.45</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-46"><sup><b>3.46</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-47"><sup><b>3.47</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-48"><sup><b>3.48</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-49"><sup><b>3.49</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-50"><sup><b>3.50</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-51"><sup><b>3.51</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-52"><sup><b>3.52</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-53"><sup><b>3.53</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-54"><sup><b>3.54</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-55"><sup><b>3.55</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-56"><sup><b>3.56</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朱金城箋_3-57"><sup><b>3.57</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%87%91%E5%9F%8E" title="朱金城">朱金城</a>箋注,《白居易集箋校》。上海古籍出版社,上海,1988年初版,2008年三刷。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532502806" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787532502806</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonhistory.com/2/28/TangChaoShiRenBaiJuYiDanChen.html">唐朝詩人白居易誕辰</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2019-01-04</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123154015/http://www.todayonhistory.com/2/28/TangChaoShiRenBaiJuYiDanChen.html">存档</a>于2020-11-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E8%A9%A9%E4%BA%BA%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E8%AA%95%E8%BE%B0&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonhistory.com%2F2%2F28%2FTangChaoShiRenBaiJuYiDanChen.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%89%E6%83%85%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%A6%E8%80%81-%E4%B8%8B-%E5%8F%A5%E6%89%8D%E6%98%AF%E7%B2%BE%E9%AB%93-130545544.html">天若有情天亦老 下一句才是精髓</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2021-12-22</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222065036/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%89%E6%83%85%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%A6%E8%80%81-%E4%B8%8B-%E5%8F%A5%E6%89%8D%E6%98%AF%E7%B2%BE%E9%AB%93-130545544.html">存档</a>于2021-12-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%89%E6%83%85%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%A6%E8%80%81+%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%A5%E6%89%8D%E6%98%AF%E7%B2%BE%E9%AB%93&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftw.news.yahoo.com%2F%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E8%258B%25A5%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%2583%2585%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25BA%25A6%25E8%2580%2581-%25E4%25B8%258B-%25E5%258F%25A5%25E6%2589%258D%25E6%2598%25AF%25E7%25B2%25BE%25E9%25AB%2593-130545544.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《醉吟二首》空王百法學未得,姹女丹砂燒即飛。事事無成身老也,醉鄉不去欲何歸。兩鬢千莖新似雪,十分一醆欲如泥。酒狂又引詩魔發,日午悲吟到日西。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwan-reports.com/archives/614195">小學生必背古詩詞038|白居易:池上</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2021-12-22</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222064735/https://taiwan-reports.com/archives/614195">存档</a>于2021-12-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E5%BF%85%E8%83%8C%E5%8F%A4%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%9E038%EF%BD%9C%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%EF%BC%9A%E6%B1%A0%E4%B8%8A&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwan-reports.com%2Farchives%2F614195&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97" title="唐宣宗">唐宣宗</a>李忱《弔白居易》缀玉联珠六十年,谁教冥路作诗仙。浮雲不繫名居易,造化无为字乐天。童子解吟长恨曲,胡儿能唱琵琶篇。文章已满行人耳,一度思卿一怆然。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 书名: 《唐诗三百首》 作者: (清)蘅塘居士编选 当前第:315页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-墓碑銘-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-墓碑銘_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-墓碑銘_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%95%86%E9%9A%90" title="李商隐">李商隱</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%88%91%E9%83%A8%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%E8%87%B4%E4%BB%95%E8%B4%88%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%E5%8F%B3%E4%BB%86%E5%B0%84%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E7%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%A2%93%E7%A2%91%E9%8A%98%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%A6%E5%BA%8F%EF%BC%89" class="extiw" title="s:刑部尚書致仕贈尚書右仆射太原白公墓碑銘(並序)">刑部尚書致仕贈尚書右僕射太原白公墓碑銘並序</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《太原白氏家狀二道》:「白氏羋姓,楚公族也,楚熊居太子建奔鄭,建之子勝,居於吳楚間,號白公、因氏焉。楚殺白公,其子奔秦,代為名將,乙、丙、已、降是也。裔孫曰起,有大功於秦,封武安君」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-舊唐書-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-3"><sup><b>12.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-4"><sup><b>12.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-5"><sup><b>12.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-6"><sup><b>12.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-7"><sup><b>12.7</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-舊唐書_12-8"><sup><b>12.8</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%94%90%E4%B9%A6" title="旧唐书">舊唐書</a>‧<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7166" class="extiw" title="s:舊唐書/卷166">白居易傳</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" title="陈寅恪">陈寅恪</a>根据白居易堂弟<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%95%8F%E4%B8%AD" title="白敏中">白敏中</a>被人称为“十姓胡中第六胡”及《白氏长庆集》中的记载,考证白居易祖先是西域胡人,但早已<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="汉化">汉化</a>。見陈寅恪 《元白诗笺证稿》 上海古籍出版社 1978年 307-308页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E8%96%87%E5%85%83" title="姚薇元">姚薇元</a>以白敏中、白居易及其祖先<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%BB%BA" title="白建">白建</a>为西域胡姓。見《北朝胡姓考》 中华书局 1962年 374-376页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">魏长洪则考证白居易祖籍在今新疆的库车地区,見魏长洪 《白居易祖籍新疆库车摭谈》《新疆大学学报》 1983年第2期 107-113页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-劉學銚2004-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-劉學銚2004_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">劉學銚. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=fuwdXASoxSkC&amp;pg=PP12">胡馬渡陰山: 活躍於漢人歷史的異族</a>. 知書房出版集團. 2004: 12– <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2012&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-7640-40-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-7640-40-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-986-7640-40-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103142425/http://books.google.com/books?id=fuwdXASoxSkC&amp;pg=PP12">存档</a>于2014-01-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E5%AD%B8%E9%8A%9A&amp;rft.btitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A6%AC%E6%B8%A1%E9%99%B0%E5%B1%B1%3A+%E6%B4%BB%E8%BA%8D%E6%96%BC%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%95%B0%E6%97%8F&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-986-7640-40-6&amp;rft.pages=12-&amp;rft.pub=%E7%9F%A5%E6%9B%B8%E6%88%BF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfuwdXASoxSkC%26pg%3DPP12&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-林恩顯1988-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-林恩顯1988_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">林恩顯. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pOVTKhmW4oQC&amp;pg=PT153">突厥研究</a>. 臺灣商務印書館. 1988: 153– <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2012&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-05-0597-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-05-0597-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;978-957-05-0597-9</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103141827/http://books.google.com/books?id=pOVTKhmW4oQC&amp;pg=PT153">存档</a>于2014-01-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E6%81%A9%E9%A1%AF&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-957-05-0597-9&amp;rft.pages=153-&amp;rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpOVTKhmW4oQC%26pg%3DPT153&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">顾学颉考证白居易的祖先是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9" title="龟兹">龟兹国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="公族">公族</a>,見顾学颉《白居易世系、家族考》 《文学评论丛刊》第13辑,中国社会出版社 1982年 131-168页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">日本学者平冈武夫反驳陈寅恪的观点,他认为白居易出于西域胡姓不可靠,見平冈武夫 《白居易——生涯与岁时记》朋友书店 1998年 119-125页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">文艳蓉也认为白居易出自胡姓有问题。見文艳蓉 《白居易生平与创作实证研究》 浙江大学 2009年博士论文。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見白居易為外祖母作墓誌銘《唐故坊州鄜城縣尉陳府君夫人白氏墓誌銘并序》:「夫人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="太原白氏(页面不存在)">太原白氏</a>,其出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8C%E9%BB%8E%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="昌黎韓氏(页面不存在)">昌黎韓氏</a>,其適<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%8D%E5%B7%9D%E9%99%88%E6%B0%8F" title="颍川陈氏">潁川陳氏</a>,享年七十,唐和州都督諱士通之曾孫,尚衣奉御諱志善之玄孫,都官郎中諱溫之孫,延安令諱鍠之第某女,韓城令諱欽之外孫,故鄜城尉諱潤之夫人,故潁川縣君之母,故大理少卿襄州別駕諱季庚之姑,前京兆府戶曹參軍翰林學士白居易、前秘書省校書郎行簡之外祖母也。」因為文中有「延安令諱鍠之第某女」,<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="陳寅恪">陳寅恪</a>據此認為白居易的父親白季庚與白居易母親陳氏之間,是舅甥聯婚。然而<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%91%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%89" title="岑仲勉">岑仲勉</a>則依據同一篇文中所記載「故大理少卿襄州別駕諱季庚之姑」以及所載之世系,認為陳寅恪的解釋過於牽強,而解釋白居易的父母是同輩的表兄妹關係。岑仲勉進一步認為文中「延安令諱鍠之第某女」,應是「延安令諱鍠之女弟」的誤寫。相關討論可參見朱金城《白居易集箋校》。上海古籍出版社,上海,1988年初版,2008年三刷。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532502806" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787532502806</a>。2727至2729頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%BF%BC" title="趙翼">趙翼</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E5%8C%97%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="歐北詩話(页面不存在)">歐北詩話</a>》,收錄於陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">這則故事最早見於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B5%E5%9B%BA_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="張固 (唐朝)(页面不存在)">張固</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%96%92%E9%BC%93%E5%90%B9" class="extiw" title="s:幽閒鼓吹">幽閒鼓吹</a>》:「白尚書應舉,初至京,以詩謁顧著作。顧睹姓名,熟視白公曰:『米價方貴,居亦弗易。』乃披卷首篇曰:『咸陽原上草,一歲一枯榮。野火燒不盡,春風吹又生。』即嗟賞曰:『道得箇語,居即易矣。』因為之延譽,聲名大振。」<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF" title="辛文房">辛文房</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%89%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%82%B3/%E5%8D%B76" class="extiw" title="s:唐才子傳/卷6">白居易傳</a>》亦有記載,文字略有出入:「……謁顧況。況,吳人,恃才少所推可,因謔之曰:『長安百物皆貴,居大不易!』及覽詩卷,至『離離原上草,一歲一枯榮,野火燒不盡,春風吹又生,乃嘆曰:『有句如此,居天下亦不難。老夫前言戲之爾。』」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-梁鑑江-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-0"><sup><b>24.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-1"><sup><b>24.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-2"><sup><b>24.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-3"><sup><b>24.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-4"><sup><b>24.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-5"><sup><b>24.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-6"><sup><b>24.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-7"><sup><b>24.7</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-梁鑑江_24-8"><sup><b>24.8</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">梁鑑江《白居易詩選》,遠流,2000年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-新唐書-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-新唐書_25-0"><sup><b>25.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-新唐書_25-1"><sup><b>25.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-新唐書_25-2"><sup><b>25.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="新唐書">新唐書</a>‧<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7119" class="extiw" title="s:新唐書/卷119">白居易傳</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-葉慶炳-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-2"><sup><b>26.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-3"><sup><b>26.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-葉慶炳_26-4"><sup><b>26.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E6%85%B6%E7%82%B3" title="葉慶炳">葉慶炳</a>《中國文學史》,學生書局,1987年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-與元九書-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-0"><sup><b>27.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-1"><sup><b>27.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-2"><sup><b>27.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-3"><sup><b>27.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-4"><sup><b>27.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-5"><sup><b>27.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-6"><sup><b>27.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-7"><sup><b>27.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-8"><sup><b>27.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-9"><sup><b>27.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-10"><sup><b>27.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-11"><sup><b>27.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-與元九書_27-12"><sup><b>27.12</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-傅樂成《隋唐五代史》-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-傅樂成《隋唐五代史》_28-0"><sup><b>28.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-傅樂成《隋唐五代史》_28-1"><sup><b>28.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">傅樂成《隋唐五代史》,眾文圖書公司,1984年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%BD%BC" title="苏轼">蘇軾</a>《錢塘六井記》,收錄於《東坡前集‧卷卅一》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%AE%9C" title="王讜">王讜</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E8%AA%9E%E6%9E%97" title="唐語林">唐語林</a>‧卷二文學》,收錄於陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《佛光和尚真贊》:「我命工人,與師寫真。師年幾何,九十一春。會昌壬戌,我師尚存。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《開龍門八節石灘詩二首并序》: 東都龍門潭之南,有八節灘、九峭石,船筏過此,例反破傷,舟人楫師推挽束縛,大寒之月,裸跣水中,饑凍有聲,聞於終夜。予嘗有願,力及則救之。會昌四年,有悲智僧道遇,適同發心,經營開鑿。貧者出力,仁者施財。於戲,從古有礙之險,未來無窮之苦,忽乎一旦盡除去之,茲吾所用適願快心,拔苦施樂者耳,豈獨以功德福報為意哉!因作二詩,刻題石上。以其地屬寺,事因僧,故多引僧言見志: 「鐵鑿金錘殷若雷,八灘九石劍棱摧。竹篙桂楫飛如箭,百筏千艘魚貫來。振錫導師憑眾力,揮金退傅施家財。他時相逐四方去,莫慮塵沙路不開。 」「七十三翁旦暮身,誓開險路作通津。夜舟過此無傾覆,朝脛從今免苦辛。十里叱灘變河漢,八寒陰獄化陽春。(八寒地獄,見佛名及涅盤經,故以八節灘為比。)我身雖歿心長在,暗施慈悲與後人。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%BD%E4%BF%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="歐陽修">歐陽修</a>等:《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="新唐書">新唐書</a>》卷75,〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guoxue123.com/Shibu/0101/00xtsf/table/f108.htm">宰相世系五</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210222171129/http://www.guoxue123.com/Shibu/0101/00xtsf/table/f108.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-讀白居易與元九書-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-讀白居易與元九書_34-0"><sup><b>34.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-讀白居易與元九書_34-1"><sup><b>34.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-讀白居易與元九書_34-2"><sup><b>34.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>《讀白居易與元九書》,載於《胡適留學日記》,商務印書館,1959。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-白氏長慶集後序-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-白氏長慶集後序_35-0"><sup><b>35.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白氏長慶集後序_35-1"><sup><b>35.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%94%90%E6%96%87/%E5%8D%B70675" class="extiw" title="s:全唐文/卷0675">白氏長慶集後序</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》:「如今年春遊城南時,與足下馬上相戲,因各誦新艶小律,不雜他篇,自皇子陂歸昭國里,迭吟遞唱不絶聲者二十里餘,樊李在傍無所措口。知我者以爲<b>詩仙</b>,不知我者以爲<b>詩魔</b>。何則?勞心靈、役聲氣,連朝接夕不自知其苦,非魔而何?偶同人當美景,或花時宴罷,或月夜酒酣,一咏一吟,不知老之將至,雖驂鸞鸖遊蓬瀛者之適無以加於此焉,又非仙而何?微之微之,此吾所以與足下外形骸,脱蹤蹟,傲軒鼎,輕人寰者,又以此也。」另見《閒吟詩》:「唯有<b>詩魔</b>降未得,每逢風月一閒吟。」<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%B2%A1%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%AB" title="平岡武夫">平岡武夫</a>教授據此贈以<b>詩魔</b>的綽號(見<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%96%87%E6%9C%88" title="林文月">林文月</a>《平岡武夫與「白居易」》,收錄於《讀中文系的人》,臺北洪範出版)。此外<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97" title="唐宣宗">唐宣宗</a>有弔白居易詩亦有「誰教冥路作詩仙」之句。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-白氏長慶集序-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-白氏長慶集序_37-0"><sup><b>37.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白氏長慶集序_37-1"><sup><b>37.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白氏長慶集序_37-2"><sup><b>37.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6%E9%9B%86%E5%BA%8F" class="extiw" title="s:白氏長慶集序">白氏長慶集序</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡震亨《唐音葵籤‧卷二十五》,收錄於陳友琴,《白居易資料彙編》,頁217,中華書局,2003年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">清少納言《枕草子》,林文月譯,洪範書店,臺北,2000年初版,2006年三印。221頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-白話文學史-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-0"><sup><b>40.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-1"><sup><b>40.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-2"><sup><b>40.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-3"><sup><b>40.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-4"><sup><b>40.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-5"><sup><b>40.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-6"><sup><b>40.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白話文學史_40-7"><sup><b>40.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>《白話文學史》,胡適紀念館,臺北,1974年再版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">郭紹虞《中國文學批評史》,臺北,文史哲出版社,1990年出版。214頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》評論<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>:「詩之豪者,世稱李杜,李之作,才矣,奇矣,人不逮矣!索其風雅比興,十無一焉。杜詩最多,可傳者千餘篇,至於貫穿今古、覼縷格律,盡工盡善,又過於李,然撮其《新安吏》《石壕吏》《潼關吏》《塞蘆子》《留花門》之章、『朱門酒肉臭,路有凍死骨』之句,亦不過三四十首。杜尚如此,況不逮杜者乎!」。而在《讀李杜詩集因題卷後》:「翰林江左日,員外劍南時。不得高官職,仍逢苦亂離。暮年逋客恨,浮世謫仙悲。吟詠流千古,聲名動四夷。文場供秀句,樂府待新辭。天意君須會,人間要好詩。(白居易原註:賀監知章目李白為謫仙人。)」則表現出對李、杜的讚賞。白居易詠<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>的作品還有《李白墓》:「采石江邊李白墳,遶田無限草連雲。可憐荒隴窮泉骨,曾有驚天動地文。但是詩人多薄命,就中淪落不過君。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B0" title="劉大杰">劉大杰</a>《中國文學發展史》,臺北,莊嚴出版社,1991年出版。500頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡適《論文學》:「白香山抹倒一切無所諷諭之詩,殊失之隘。讀其言有感,拉雜書此。吾十六七歲時自言不作無關世道之文字(語見《競業旬報》中所載余所作小說《真如島》),此亦知其一不知其二之過也。」胡適《論文學》,載於《胡適留學日記》,臺北,商務印書館,1959年出版。737-741頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡適《白話文學史》:「他在這裏固然露出他受了漢朝迂腐詩說的惡影響,把三百篇都看作『興發於此而義歸于彼』的美刺詩,因此遂抹煞一切無所為而作的文學,但他評論六朝的文人作品確然有見地,六朝文學的絕大部分真不過『嘲風雪,弄花草』而已。」胡適《白話文學史》,胡適紀念館,臺北,1974年再版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《訪陶公舊宅并序》:予夙慕陶淵明為人,往歲渭川閒居,嘗有《效陶體詩》十六首。今游廬山,經柴桑,過栗裡,思其人,訪其宅,不能默默,又題此詩云。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">據謝思煒的編號:白氏文集內詩歌卷共計2804首;散文卷可歸入詩歌的(如《不能忘情吟》等)共11首;集外補遺(含不確定是否為白居易所作者)完整的詩歌共147首;此外尚有零星的單句,不列入統計。見謝思煒,《白居易詩集校注》,北京,中華書局,2006年初版。2830頁、2852頁、2967頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《秦中吟序》:貞元元和之際,予在長安,聞見之間,有足悲者。因直歌其事,命為秦中吟。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-新樂府序-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-新樂府序_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《新樂府序》:序曰:凡九千二百五十二言,斷為五十篇。篇無定句,句無定字,繫於意,不繫於文。首句標其目, 卒章顯其志,詩三百之義也。其辭質而徑,欲見之者易諭也。其言直而切,欲聞之者深誡也。其事覈而實,使采之者傳信也。其體順而肆,可以播於樂章歌曲也。總而言之,為君、為臣、為民、為物、為事而作,不為文而作也。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-讀香山詩瑣記-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-讀香山詩瑣記_50-0"><sup><b>50.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-讀香山詩瑣記_50-1"><sup><b>50.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">胡適《讀香山詩瑣記》,載於《胡適留學日記》,商務印書館,1959。728-9頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-長恨歌傳-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-長恨歌傳_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E9%B4%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="陳鴻">陳鴻</a>,《長恨歌傳》。收錄於朱金城箋注《白居易集箋校》。上海古籍出版社,1988年初版,2008年三刷。656頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「漢皇重色思傾國」、以及「臨邛道士鴻都客,能以精誠致魂魄」至最終「天長地久有時盡,此恨綿綿無絕期」用漢武帝與李夫人的典故。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6" title="汉书">漢書</a>‧外戚傳第六十七》:「孝武李夫人,本以倡進。初,夫人兄延年性知音,善歌舞,武帝愛之。每為新聲變曲,聞者莫不感動。延年侍上起舞,歌曰:『北方有佳人,絕世而獨立,一顧傾人城,再顧傾人國。寧不知傾城與傾國,佳人難再得!』上歎息曰:『善!世豈有此人乎?』平陽主因言延年有女弟,上乃召見之,實妙麗善舞。……夫人卒……上思念李夫人不已,方士齊人少翁言能致其神。乃夜張燈燭,設帷帳,陳酒肉,而令上居他帳,遙望見好女如李夫人之貌,還幄坐而步。又不得就視,上愈益相思悲感,為作詩曰:『是邪,非邪?立而望之,偏何姍姍其來遲!』」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「遂令天下父母心,不重生男重生女」用漢武帝與衛子夫的典故。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史記</a>‧外戚世家》:「天下歌之曰:『生男無喜,生女無怒,獨不見衛子夫霸天下!』」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「金屋妝成嬌侍夜」用漢武帝與陳皇后的典故。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%AD%A6%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="汉武故事">漢武故事</a>》:「武帝……年四歲,立為膠東王。數歲,長公主嫖抱置膝上,問曰:『兒欲得婦不?』膠東王曰:『欲得婦。」長主指左右長御百餘人,皆云不用。末指其女問曰:『阿嬌好不?』於是乃笑對曰:『好!若得阿嬌作婦,當作金屋貯之也。』長主大悅,乃苦要上,遂成婚焉。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">邱敏捷,《長恨歌》的創作淵源與藝術成就。《南師語教學報》第一期,國立台南師範學院語文教育學系,臺灣 2003.4。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">林文月,《長恨歌對長恨歌傳的影響》。收錄於林文月《山水與古典》,純文學出版社,臺北,1976年初版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">曾永義《楊貴妃悟夢蓬萊》,《聯合報》,2011年09月18日,臺北。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">林文月,《源氏物語桐壺與長恨歌》。收錄於林文月《山水與古典》,純文學出版社,臺北,1976年初版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%91%E7%B4%8D%E8%A8%80" title="清少納言">清少納言</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%95%E8%8D%89%E5%AD%90" title="枕草子">枕草子</a>》《木の花は》:梨の花、よにすさまじきものにして、近うもてなさず、はかなき文つけなどだにせず。愛敬おくれたる人の顔などを見ては、たとひに言ふも、げに、葉の色よりはじめて、あいなく見ゆるを、唐土には限りなきものにて、文にも作る、なほさりともやうあらむと、せめて見れば、花びらの端に、をかしきにほひこそ、心もとなうつきためれ。 楊貴妃の、帝の御使ひに会ひて泣きける顔に似せて、「<b>梨花一枝、春、雨を帯びたり。</b>」など言ひたるは、おぼろけならじと思ふに、なほいみじうめでたきことは、たぐひあらじとおぼえたり。參閱林文月譯,《枕草子》,洪範書店,臺北,2000年初版,2006年三印,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9576742080" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9576742080</a>,52-53頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%88%92" title="張戒">張戒</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B2%E5%AF%92%E5%A0%82%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%B1" class="extiw" title="s:歲寒堂詩話">歲寒堂詩話</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%B4%AB%E8%8A%9D" title="周紫芝">周紫芝</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E5%9D%A1%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%B1" class="extiw" title="s:竹坡詩話">竹坡詩話</a>》、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B5%E7%A5%96%E5%BB%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="張祖廉(页面不存在)">張祖廉</a>《定盦先生年譜外紀》、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%8B%AC" title="沈括">沈括</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E6%BA%AA%E7%AD%86%E8%AB%87" class="extiw" title="s:夢溪筆談">夢溪筆談</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E6%B8%A9" title="范温">范溫</a>《潛溪詩眼》、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%85%8E" title="杨慎">楊慎</a>《升庵詩話》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%BF%BC" title="趙翼">趙翼</a>《甌北詩話》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E9%9B%AA" title="薛雪">薛雪</a>《一瓢詩話》、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%A5%99" title="王楙">王楙</a>《野客叢書》、趙翼《甌北詩話》、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4" title="王国维">王國維</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%97%B4%E8%AF%8D%E8%AF%9D" title="人间词话">人間詞話</a>》等。詳細頁數資訊或引文參見《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%81%A8%E6%AD%8C" title="長恨歌">長恨歌</a>》條目。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《編集拙詩成一十五卷因題卷末戲贈元九、李二十》:一篇長恨有風情,十首秦吟近正聲。每被老元偷格律,苦教短李伏歌行。世間富貴應無分,身後文章合有名。莫怪氣粗言語大,新排十五卷詩成。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-元白詩箋證稿&#93;-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-元白詩箋證稿]_62-0"><sup><b>62.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-元白詩箋證稿]_62-1"><sup><b>62.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" title="陈寅恪">陳寅恪</a>《元白詩箋證稿》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-繪圖本唐詩三百首-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-繪圖本唐詩三百首_63-0"><sup><b>63.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-繪圖本唐詩三百首_63-1"><sup><b>63.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">蓋國樑等評注,《繪圖本唐詩三百首》。萬里機構‧萬里書店,香港,2000年初版,2001年五刷。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">如胡適《白話文學史》舉《醉後聽唱桂華曲》作為「閒適詩」之例,而這篇被白居易歸類為「律詩」,見朱金城箋,2343頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-白公晚年詩極高妙-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-白公晚年詩極高妙_65-0"><sup><b>65.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-白公晚年詩極高妙_65-1"><sup><b>65.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E4%BB%A4%E7%95%A4" title="趙令畤">趙令畤</a>《侯鯖錄》:「東坡云:『白公晚年詩極高妙。』余請其妙處,坡云:『如「風生古木晴天雨,月照平沙夏夜霜」,此少時不到也。』」此處「風生」應做「風吹」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-白居易散文研究-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-白居易散文研究_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">付兴林,《白居易散文研究》,中國社會科學出版社,北京,2007年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8F%B2" title="金史">金史</a>‧<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B799" class="extiw" title="s:金史/卷99">徒單鎰傳</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">同時翻譯的是《貞觀政要》,參見<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D#文學與文字" title="金朝">金朝</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">洪邁,《容齋隨筆》,收錄於陳友琴,《白居易資料彙編》,頁120,中華書局,2003年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《畫彌勒上生幀記》:「願當來世,與一切眾生,同彌勒上生,隨慈氏下降。生生劫劫,與慈氏俱;永離生死流,終成無上道。」《言志詩》:「吾學空門非學仙,恐君說吾是虛傳。海山不是吾歸處,歸即應歸兜率天。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《和微之詩二十三首序》:「微之又以近作四十三首寄來,命僕繼和,其間瘀絮四百字、車斜二十篇者流,皆韻劇辭殫,瑰奇怪譎。又題云:奉煩只此一度,乞不見辭。意欲定霸取威,置僕於窮地耳。大凡依次用韻,韻同而意殊;約體為文,文成而理勝。此足下素所長者,僕何有焉?今足下果用所長,過蒙見窘!然敵則氣作,急則計生,四十二章麾掃並畢,不知大敵以為如何?夫劚石破山,先觀鑱跡;發矢中的,兼聽絃聲。以足下來章惟求相困,故老僕報語不覺大誇。況曩者唱酬,近來因繼已十六卷,凡千餘首矣。其為敵也,當今不見;其為多也,從古未聞。所謂『天下英雄,唯使君與操耳』。戲及此者,亦欲三千里外一破愁顏,勿示他人以取笑誚。樂天白。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《贈夢得》:「前日君家飲,昨日王家宴,今日過我廬,三日三會面。當歌聊自放,對酒交相勸,為我盡一杯,與君發三願:一願世清平,二願身強健,三願臨老頭,數與君相見!」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">例如在白居易《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E5%85%83%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="與元九書">與元九書</a>》就曾提及自己赴宴時,當時的主人就設有歌妓。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">廣韻</a>》曰:「妓,女樂也。」,足見其時之妓非專指賣春者,亦包括以表演、娛賓為業的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%9A%9B%E8%8A%B1" title="交際花">藝妓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%A5%B3" title="歌女">歌妓</a>等,即女<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="艺人">藝人</a>,連朝廷都有專事歌舞的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%9D%8A%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="教坊司">教坊司</a>。實情如何,今人難以定斷。五代兵亂以後開始有軍妓之謂。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">參見<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%BF%BC" title="趙翼">趙翼</a>題《白香山集後》嘗有描繪其時之詩曰:“风流太守爱魂销,到处春翘有旧游;相见当时疏朝纲,尚无官吏宿娼条。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《舊唐書》尚有提到另一名歌妓「小蠻」,原文:「家妓樊素、小蠻者,能歌善舞。」此外孟棨《本事詩‧事感》:「白尚書姬人樊素善歌,妓人小蠻善舞,嘗為詩曰:『櫻桃樊素口,楊柳小蠻腰。』」然而後人對於這則記事的可信度有疑問,蔡立甫《紅蕉詩話》認為樊素、小蠻指的是同一人。參見陳有琴《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">後來到了清朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%9B%AA%E8%8A%B9" title="曹雪芹">曹雪芹</a>寫詩與失意宗室<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E8%AA%A0" title="敦誠">敦誠</a>兄弟唱和,還感嘆:「白傅詩靈應喜甚,定教蠻素鬼排場」。這也是曹雪芹於《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%A8%93%E5%A4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="紅樓夢">紅樓夢</a>》中的擬作之外傳世的唯一詩作殘句。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易《對酒吟》:“一抛學士筆,三佩使君符。未換銀青綬,唯添雪白須。公門衙退掩,妓席客來鋪。履舄從相近,謳吟任所須。金銜嘶五馬,鈿帶舞雙姝。不得當年有,猶勝到老無。合聲歌漢月,齊手拍吳歈。今夜還先醉,應煩紅袖扶。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此詩未收錄於《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6%E9%9B%86" class="extiw" title="s:白氏長慶集">白氏長慶集</a>》各本中。此詩最早見於《才調集》,後被汪立名收錄於《白香山詩集‧補遺》、與《全唐詩》,均註明出於《才調集》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%91%B5" title="蒋一葵">蔣一葵</a>《堯山堂外紀·唐·劉禹錫》:“商玲珑,余杭歌者也。白乐天作郡日,赋歌与之云:‘罢胡琴,掩秦瑟,玲珑再拜歌初毕。谁道使君不解歌,听唱黄鸡与白日。黄鸡催晓丑前鸣,白日催年酉后没。腰间赤绶系未稳,镜里朱颜看已失。玲珑玲珑奈老何,使君歌了汝更歌。’时元微之在越州闻之,厚币邀去,月余始遣还,赠之诗兼寄乐天云:‘休遣玲珑唱我词,我唱多是寄君诗。明朝又向江头别,月落潮平是去时。’”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">长庆二年,白居易以中书舍人出任杭州刺史。杭州有官妓商玲珑、谢好好者,巧与应对,善歌舞。白居易日以诗酒与之寄兴。元稹在越州闻之,厚币来邀玲珑,白遂遣去,使尽歌所唱之曲。后元稹送玲珑归,作诗寄白居易云:“休遣玲珑唱我词,我词都是寄君诗。却向江边整回棹,月落潮平是去时。”(《唐语林》)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E6%98%93" class="mw-disambig" title="錢易">錢易</a>《南部新書》:“白乐天任杭州刺史,携妓还洛,后又遣回钱塘。故<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%B9%E9%94%A1" title="刘禹锡">刘禹锡</a>有诗答曰:‘其那钱塘苏小小,忆君泪染石榴裙。’”相同的記載也見於<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%91%B5" title="蒋一葵">蒋一葵</a>《尧山堂外纪·唐·刘禹锡》。這些歌妓為何被遣回杭州,錢易、蔣一葵並未記載。由於白居易離杭州時,被任命為太子左庶子分司東都,824年秋季到達洛陽後,尚在履道里購宅,可能有至此常住洛陽的打算;然而次年春天就被任命為蘇州次史,而後又到長安任秘書監,都無法在洛陽常住。這些歌妓返回杭州,或許與白居易為輾轉流徙有關。見<a href="#蘇杭的政績">蘇杭的政績</a>一節。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">劉禹錫《樂天寄憶舊遊,因作報白君以答》:報白君,別來已渡江南春。江南春色何處好,燕子雙飛故官道。春城三百七十橋,夾岸朱樓隔柳條。丫頭小兒蕩畫槳,長袂女郎簪翠翹。郡齋北軒卷羅幕,碧池逶迤繞畫閣。池邊綠竹桃李花,花下舞筵鋪彩霞。吳娃足情言語黠,越客有酒巾冠斜。坐中皆言白太守,不負風光向杯酒。酒酣襞箋飛逸韻,至今傳在人人口。報白君,相思空望嵩丘雲。其奈錢塘蘇小小,憶君淚點石榴裙。《全唐詩‧卷三百六十五》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">宋<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9A%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%8B" title="龚明之">龚明之</a>《吴中纪闻》说“乐天为郡时,尝携容满、张态等十妓,夜游西湖武丘寺,尝赋纪游诗。為見當時郡政多暇,而吏議甚寬,使在今日,必以罪聞矣!”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C" title="舒芜">舒蕪</a>《偉大詩人的不偉大的一面》,《讀書》雜誌第三期,1997年。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">石繼航《長安月下紅袖香:盛世浮華中的女子背影》,天津教育出版社,2007年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">石繼航部分引文如下:第31節:家姬卷 綠珠垂淚滴羅巾(2)],今引文如下:「由此可見,白居易對樊素、小蠻是相當好的。但近來網上有一股風氣,直斥白居易是「老流氓」,以白居易曾蓄妓,並寵愛樊素、小蠻為證據,對白老爺子口誅筆伐,大有鬥倒批臭之勢,以至於不少對唐代歷史背景缺乏瞭解的讀者,誤信為真,嚴重影響了白居易的聲譽。好好的一個大詩人,現在幾乎等同於老淫魔。溯其本源,大概是因為1997年,舒蕪曾在《讀書》雜誌第三期上發表過一篇叫做《偉大詩人的不偉大的一面》的文章而引起的。」第33節:家姬卷 綠珠垂淚滴羅巾(4)],今引文如下:「由此看來,韓愈老師這樣貌似正統的人,在狎妓方面其實比白居易有過之而無不及。從樊素和白居易臨別時傷心落淚看,白居易待她們倒是有真情的。換成韓愈的『柳枝』,本來就想跑,一說放她走,還不拔腿飛奔絕塵而去?樊素一直陪伴在白居易身邊達十四年之久,白居易曾向當時的宰相裴度要了一匹好馬,裴度大概聽說過樊素的芳名,於是寫信給白居易,並有詩說:『君若有心求逸足,我還留意在名姝。』以古人『千金名馬換小妾』為藉口想要走樊素,雖然裴度是當朝宰相,有權有勢,但白居易卻依舊難以割捨,寫詩婉拒了裴度,說:『安石風流無奈何,欲將赤驥換青娥。不辭便送東山去,臨老何人與唱歌?』由此可見,白居易還是相當深情的。這比蘇軾拿春娘換馬,以致春娘一怒之下碰槐樹而死要強多了。」,「所以說,痛罵白居易是『老流氓』的人,一定要充分瞭解當時的社會環境再下結論,其實白居易的行為完全沒有什麼出格的地方,當時也沒有人以此事來非議他。我們看古人,不能以現在的道德標準來卡,如果按現代的觀念,賈寶玉還未成年,就和襲人試了『雲雨情』,又和秦鐘等搞同性戀,肯定是不良少年,還值得林妹妹愛得一塌糊塗嗎?鐵面無私的包公也公開有二奶(小妾),杜牧公開嫖娼,放現在肯定要因『生活作風』問題而弄得影響極壞,十有八九要丟官去職。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">洪邁,《容齋隨筆》,收錄於陳友琴,《白居易資料彙編》,頁122,中華書局,2003年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">蘇軾,《朝雲詩並引》:世謂樂天有粥駱馬放楊柳枝詞,嘉其主老病不忍去也。然夢得有詩云「春盡絮飛留不得,隨風好去落誰家」,樂天亦云「病與樂天相伴住,春隨樊子一時歸」,則是樊素竟去也。予家有數妾,四五年相繼辭去,獨朝雲者隨予南遷。因讀樂天集,戲作此詩。朝雲姓王氏,錢唐人,嘗有子曰幹兒,未期而夭云。「不似楊枝別樂天,恰如通德伴伶玄。阿奴絡秀不同老,天女維摩總解禪。經卷藥爐新活計,舞衫歌扇舊因緣。丹成逐我三山去,不作巫陽雲雨仙。」(東坡後集,卷四。)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《冷齋夜話》:「白樂天每作詩,令一老嫗解之,問曰:「解否?」嫗曰解,則錄之;不降,則易之。故唐末之詩近於鄙俚也。」相同的內容亦見於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E4%B9%98_(%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B%E8%8F%AF%E9%99%BD%E4%BA%BA)" title="彭乘 (北宋華陽人)">彭乘</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%A2%E6%8F%AE%E7%8A%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="墨客揮犀(页面不存在)">墨客揮犀</a>》。參見陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年版。頁162。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年版。頁162。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">杜牧《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%95%85%E5%B9%B3%E7%9B%A7%E8%BB%8D%E7%AF%80%E5%BA%A6%E5%B7%A1%E5%AE%98%E9%9A%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%9D%8E%E5%BA%9C%E5%90%9B%E5%A2%93%E8%AA%8C%E9%8A%98" class="extiw" title="s:唐故平盧軍節度巡官隴西李府君墓誌銘">唐故平盧軍節度巡官隴西李府君墓誌銘</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-陳友琴-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-陳友琴_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陳友琴《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年出版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白居易有《秦中吟‧不致仕》一詩,其內容很可能是諷刺當時年過七十的司徒<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E4%BD%91" title="杜佑">杜佑</a>不願致仕(退休)。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%89%A7" title="杜牧">杜牧</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E4%BD%91" title="杜佑">杜佑</a>的孫子。汪立名據此認為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%89%A7" title="杜牧">杜牧</a>假托李戡的言語,對白居易挾怨報復。見朱金城《白居易集箋校》,上海,上海古籍出版社,2008年重印,88頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">蘇軾《祭柳子玉文》,東坡前集‧卷三十五。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">蘇軾自比白居易,常見於詩文中。《軾以去歲春夏侍立邇英而秋冬之交子由相繼入侍次韻絕句四首各述所懷》其四:「微生偶脫風波地,晚歲猶存鐵石心。定似香山老居士,世緣終淺道根深。」(作者自注:樂天自江州司馬除忠州刺史,旋以主客郎中知制誥,遂拜中書舍人。軾雖不敢自比,然謫居黃州,起知文登,召為儀曹,遂忝侍従,出處老少大略相似,庶幾復享此翁晚節閒適之樂焉。)(東坡前集‧卷十六)《贈善相程傑》:「心傳異學不謀身,自要清時閱搢紳。火色上騰雖有數,急流勇退豈無人。書中苦覓元非訣,醉裏微言卻近真。我似樂天君記取,華顛賞遍洛陽春。」(東坡前集‧卷十八)《予去杭十六年,而復來留二年而去。平生自覺出處老少粗似樂天,雖才名相遠,而安分寡求亦庶幾焉。三月六日來別南北山諸道人,而下天竺惠淨師以醜石贈行,作三絕句。》其一:「當年衫鬢兩青青,強說重臨慰別情。衰發只今無可白,故應相對話來生。」其二:「出處依稀似樂天,敢將衰朽較前賢。便従洛社休官去,猶有閒居二十年。」其三:「在郡依前六百日,山中不記幾回來。還將天竺一峰去,欲把雲根到處栽。」(東坡後集‧卷一)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%B9%BC%E5%84%92" title="陳繼儒">陳繼儒</a>《太平清話》:「白居易諷諫詩,契丹主親以本國文字譯出,詔番臣讀之。」收錄於陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">引自陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年版。頁180-181。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">參見陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年版。頁220-225。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E6%9E%9A" title="袁枚">袁枚</a>《答蕺園論詩書》:「來諭諄諄教刪集內緣情之作,云:『以君之才之學,何必以白傅、樊川自累!』大哉足下之言,僕何敢當!夫白傅、樊川,唐之才學人也,僕景行之尚恐不及,而足下乃以為規,何其高視僕而卑視古人耶?足下之意,以為我輩成名,必如濂、洛、關、閩而後可耳;然鄙意以為得千百偽濂、洛、關、閩,不如得一、二真白傅、樊川。以千金之珠,易魚之一目,而魚不樂者,何也?目雖賤而真,珠雖貴而偽故也。」引自陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年版。頁301。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《唐宋詩醇》《自到郡齋,僅經旬日,方專公務,未及宴遊。偷閒走筆題二十四韻,兼寄常州賈舍人、湖州崔郎中,仍呈吳中諸客》評語:「中幅極盡理煩治劇之略,蓋到郡經旬,而規模已定矣。一結即先憂後樂意,乃知居易實具經世之才,而當時未竟其用,為可惜也。分司以後,時不可為,不得已托詩酒以自娛耳。『救煩無若靜,補拙莫如勤』十字,凡為守令者,當錄置座右。」引自陳友琴編《白居易資料彙編》,中華書局,2003年版。頁295。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">王夫之《读通鉴论》卷25唐宪宗。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">羅聯添《白居易詩評論的分析》,收錄於羅聯添《唐代文學論集》,臺北,臺灣學生書局,1989年初版。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">那波道圓《白氏文集後序》,載於朱金城《白居易集箋校》,上海古籍出版社,1988年初版。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="编辑章节:參考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="陳寅恪">陳寅恪</a>:《元白詩箋證稿》(上海:上海古籍出版社,1978)。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9C%E6%B0%B8%E5%81%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="靜永健(页面不存在)">靜永健</a>:《白居易寫諷諭詩的前前後後》(北京:中華書局,2007)。</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中该作者的作品:<br /> <b style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="s:Author:白居易">白居易</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/白居易">白居易语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bai_Juyi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bai Juyi"><span style="font-weight:bold;">白居易</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>白居易</b>在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目"><span id="sister-projects">姊妹项目</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/白居易">字词解释</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bai_Juyi" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Bai Juyi">多媒体资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/白居易">新闻</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="q:白居易">名言</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="s:Author:白居易">原始文献</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/白居易">教科书和手册</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/白居易">学习资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基数据上的<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313324" class="extiw" title="d:Q313324">数据项</a></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>丸山茂:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=45898994">伟大的凡人——白乐天的历日</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210102090402/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=45898994">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li>蕭馳:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Bulletin/26/26-37-71.pdf">洪州禪與白居易閑適詩的山意水思</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121030080658/http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Bulletin/26/26-37-71.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li>松浦友久:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=1002253252">论白居易诗中“适”的意义</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210102085537/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=1002253252">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/quantangshi/zh">中國哲學書電子化計劃‧全唐詩</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201123154111/http://ctext.org/quantangshi/zh">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),白居易的作品自<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/quantangshi/424/zh">卷424</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210317223435/http://ctext.org/quantangshi/424/zh">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)起。</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E7%9F%A5%E7%AB%A0" title="贺知章">诗狂贺知章</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">诗魔白居易</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%B4%BA" title="李贺">诗鬼李贺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8B%83" title="王勃">诗杰王勃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%AD%90%E6%98%82" title="陳子昂">诗骨陈子昂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E9%83%8A" title="孟郊">诗囚孟郊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E5%B2%9B" title="贾岛">诗奴贾岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%82%BA" title="罗邺">诗虎罗邺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%B1%82" title="唐求">诗瓢唐求</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%8C%E9%BE%84" title="王昌龄">诗天子王昌龄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%B7%B1" title="齐己">诗囊齊己</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E6%B5%A9%E7%84%B6" title="孟浩然">诗星孟浩然</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Special:编辑页面/Template:洛阳古墓葬"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="洛阳古墓葬" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">洛阳古墓葬</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0px"><table style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" rowspan="2" colspan="2"></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="全国重点文物保护单位">全国重点文物保护单位</a></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="河南省文物保护单位">河南省文物保护单位</a></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="洛阳市文物保护单位">洛阳市文物保护单位</a></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">其它</th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%99%E5%B1%B1%E9%99%B5%E5%A2%93%E7%BE%A4" title="邙山陵墓群">邙山陵墓群</a></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%93%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="洛阳古墓博物馆">洛阳古墓博物馆</a></th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow"></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" title="夏朝">夏朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%B4%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="二里头遗址">二里头遗址</a>贵族墓葬区</li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A4%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="汤王陵(页面不存在)">汤王陵</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%B1%A4" title="商汤">商汤</a></li></ul></span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%B9" title="伊尹">伊尹</a>墓*</span></li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%B2%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5" title="厲王陵">厲王陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%8E%89%E7%8E%8B" title="周厉王">周厉王</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td style="navbox-even"></td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%91%A8" title="东周">东周</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td style="background:lightyellow"><small>(王陵8座)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%83%A0%E7%8E%8B" title="周惠王">周惠王</a>陵</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%90%E9%98%B3%E5%A2%93%E5%9C%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="徐阳墓地(页面不存在)">徐阳墓地</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E6%B8%BE" title="陸渾">陸渾</a>墓葬</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E8%8E%8A%E7%8E%8B" title="周莊王">周莊王</a>陵</span></li> <li>周<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5" title="靈王陵">靈王陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%81%B5%E7%8E%8B" title="周灵王">周灵王</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%B8%89%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5" title="周三王陵">周三王陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%9A%E7%8E%8B" title="周定王">周定王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%82%BC%E7%8E%8B" title="周悼王">周悼王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%95%AC%E7%8E%8B" title="周敬王">周敬王</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow">周<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%87%E5%BC%98" title="萇弘">萇弘</a>墓</span></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5" title="景王陵">景王陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%99%AF%E7%8E%8B" title="周景王">周景王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%90%8E" title="穆后">穆后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="天子驾六博物馆">天子驾六博物馆</a> <ul><li><small>21座中型墓</small></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%89%E8%80%95" title="冉耕">冉耕</a>墓</span></li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="战国">战国</a></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A7%A6" title="苏秦">苏秦</a>墓*</li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%A2%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="韩王墓(页面不存在)">韩王墓</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%A1%93%E6%83%A0%E7%8E%8B" title="韓桓惠王">韓桓惠王</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E4%B8%8D%E9%9F%A6" title="吕不韦">吕不韦</a>墓</span></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BB%AA" title="张仪">张仪</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A7%A6" title="苏秦">苏秦</a>墓*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A7%A6" title="苏秦">苏秦</a>冢*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%8C%BB%E5%86%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卢医冢(页面不存在)">卢医冢</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E9%B9%8A" title="扁鹊">扁鹊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E7%BD%97" title="甘罗">甘罗</a>墓*</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">汉朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow">唐寺门村墓群</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow">杨文墓地</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow">拦架沟墓地</span></li> <li>西石坝墓地</li> <li>花园墓群</li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow">凹杨墓群</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow">下黄墓群</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow">张古洞墓地</span></li> <li>新门庄刑徒墓地</li> <li>大安墓群</li> <li>竹园墓群</li> <li>南堡墓群</li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89" title="西汉">西汉</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E8%B0%8A" title="贾谊">贾谊</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td> <ul><li>壁画墓</li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li>打鬼图壁画墓</li> <li>卜千秋壁画墓</li> <li>画像石墓</li> <li>空心画像砖墓</li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E6%A8%AA" title="田横">田横</a>墓</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%99%E4%BE%AF%E5%86%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="留侯冢(页面不存在)">留侯冢</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E8%89%AF" title="张良">张良</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%8A%E5%99%B2" title="樊噲">樊哙</a>墓*</span></li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%9D" title="新朝">新朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li>天象神话壁画墓</li> <li>壁画墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%8E%9F%E9%99%B5" title="漢原陵">漢原陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%85%89%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="汉光武帝">汉光武帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E4%B8%BD%E5%8D%8E" title="阴丽华">阴丽华</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%81%AD%E9%99%B5" title="漢恭陵">漢恭陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%9D" title="汉安帝">汉安帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8E%E5%A7%AC" title="阎姬">阎姬</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%86%B2%E9%99%B5" title="漢憲陵">漢憲陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%A1%BA%E5%B8%9D" title="汉顺帝">汉顺帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%83%88%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="順烈皇后">順烈皇后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%87%B7%E9%99%B5" title="漢懷陵">漢懷陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%86%B2%E5%B8%9D" title="汉冲帝">汉冲帝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E9%99%B5" title="漢文陵">漢文陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E7%81%B5%E5%B8%9D" title="汉灵帝">汉灵帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="灵思皇后">灵思皇后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=707%E5%8F%B7%E6%B1%89%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="707号汉代大冢(页面不存在)">707号汉代大冢</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=722%E5%8F%B7%E6%B1%89%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="722号汉代大冢(页面不存在)">722号汉代大冢</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="洛南东汉帝陵" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89%E5%B8%9D%E9%99%B5" title="洛南东汉帝陵">洛<br />南<br />东<br />汉<br />帝<br />陵</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%A1%AF%E7%AF%80%E9%99%B5" title="漢顯節陵">漢顯節陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="汉明帝">汉明帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="明德馬皇后">明德馬皇后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%95%AC%E9%99%B5" title="漢敬陵">漢敬陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E7%AB%A0%E5%B8%9D" title="汉章帝">汉章帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%BE%B7%E7%AA%A6%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="章德窦皇后">章德窦皇后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%85%8E%E9%99%B5" title="漢慎陵">漢慎陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%9D" title="汉和帝">汉和帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%86%B9%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="和熹皇后">和熹皇后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2%E5%BA%B7%E9%99%B5" title="東漢康陵">東漢康陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%AE%87%E5%B8%9D" title="汉殇帝">汉殇帝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%9D%9C%E9%99%B5" title="漢靜陵">漢靜陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%B4%A8%E5%B8%9D" title="汉质帝">汉质帝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%A3%E9%99%B5" title="漢宣陵">漢宣陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%A1%93%E5%B8%9D" title="汉桓帝">汉桓帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%87%E5%A6%99" title="竇妙">竇妙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89%E5%B8%9D%E9%99%B5" title="洛南东汉帝陵">漢懿陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%A5%B3%E7%91%A9" title="梁女瑩">梁女瑩</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA" title="白马寺">白马寺</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8F%B6%E6%91%A9%E8%85%BE" title="迦叶摩腾">摄摩腾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%BA%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0" title="竺法兰">竺法兰</a></li></ul></span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%AD%8F%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E" title="汉魏洛阳故城">汉魏洛阳故城</a> <ul><li>东汉墓园</li> <li>东汉刑徒墓地</li></ul></span></li></ul> </div></td> <td></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%98%E9%BE%99%E5%86%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="盘龙冢(页面不存在)">盘龙冢</a> <ul><li><small>已废弃的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%81%AD%E9%99%B5" title="漢恭陵">漢恭陵</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>马坡村墓地</li> <li>史家湾村东北墓地</li> <li>塔东村东北墓地</li> <li>白马寺村墓群</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li>砖石混作多室墓</li> <li>永康元年墓</li> <li>天象神兽壁画墓</li> <li>出行图壁画墓</li> <li>壁画墓 <ul><li>或为曹魏</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E8%BE%AF" title="劉辯">劉辯</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E8%B6%85" title="班超">班超</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="张角">张角</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E7%9C%89%E5%86%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="赤眉冢(页面不存在)">赤眉冢</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%8A%E5%B4%87" title="樊崇">樊崇</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E8%82%9C" title="祭肜">祭肜</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%BD_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89)" title="刘宽 (东汉)">刘宽</a>墓</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD" title="三国">三国</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F" title="曹魏">曹魏</a></th> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%99%BD%E9%99%B5" title="首陽陵">首陽陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E4%B8%95" title="曹丕">曹丕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B" title="郭女王">郭女王</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E4%BC%91" title="曹休">曹休</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li>魏明帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B9%B3%E9%99%B5" title="高平陵">高平陵</a>? <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%8F%A1" title="曹叡">曹叡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%85%83%E9%83%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="明元郭皇后">明元郭皇后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97" title="关林">关林</a>? <ul><li><small>相传埋葬<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD" title="关羽">关羽</a>首级</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%91%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F%E5%A2%93" title="西朱村曹魏墓">西朱村曹魏墓</a> <ul><li><small>M2疑为高平陵 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%8F%A1" title="曹叡">曹叡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%85%83%E9%83%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="明元郭皇后">明元郭皇后</a></li></ul></small></li><small> </small><li><small>M1 </small><ul><small></small><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E6%B7%91_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)" title="曹淑 (三国)">曹淑</a>?</small></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li>正始八年墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E5%BA%84%E6%9D%91%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD%E5%A2%93" title="关庄村关羽墓">关庄村关羽墓</a> <ul><li><small>疑埋葬<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD" title="关羽">关羽</a>首级</small></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E7%B9%87" title="鍾繇">鍾繇</a>墓*</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E6%9C%83" title="鍾會">鍾會</a>墓*</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E6%BD%9B" title="裴潛">裴潜</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BC%BC" title="王弼">王弼</a>墓</span></li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝">晋朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%8B" title="西晋">西晋</a></th> <td><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="西晋皇陵" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%8B%E7%9A%87%E9%99%B5" title="西晋皇陵">西<br />晋<br />皇<br />陵</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:lightyellow"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E9%99%B5" title="高原陵">高原陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E6%87%BF" title="司马懿">司马懿</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%BB%E5%B9%B3%E9%99%B5" title="峻平陵">峻平陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%AB" title="司馬師">司馬師</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E9%98%B3%E9%99%B5" title="崇阳陵">崇阳陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E6%98%AD" title="司马昭">司马昭</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%BB%E9%99%BD%E9%99%B5" title="峻陽陵">峻陽陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E7%82%8E" title="司馬炎">司馬炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E8%89%B7" title="楊艷">楊艷</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%99%B5" title="太陽陵">太陽陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%83%A0%E5%B8%9D" title="晉惠帝">晉惠帝</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%99%B5" title="太陽陵">白碛墓地</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%83%A0%E5%B8%9D" title="晉惠帝">晉惠帝</a>?</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li>西晋墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E7%A5%97" title="裴祗">裴祗</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%85" title="刘禅">刘禅</a>墓*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B4%87" title="石崇">石崇</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E9%A2%84" title="杜预">杜预</a>墓</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a></th> <td><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="北魏皇陵" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F%E7%9A%87%E9%99%B5" title="北魏皇陵">北<br />魏<br />皇<br />陵</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:lightyellow"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%99%B5_(%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F)" title="長陵 (北魏)">长陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AD%9D%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="魏孝文帝">魏孝文帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%96%87%E5%B9%BD%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="孝文幽皇后">孝文幽皇后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%88%E5%AE%81%E9%99%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="终宁陵(页面不存在)">终宁陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="高照容">高照容</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AE%A3%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="魏宣武帝">魏宣武帝</a>生母</small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%99%B5_(%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F)" title="景陵 (北魏)">景陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AE%A3%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="魏宣武帝">魏宣武帝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%99%B5_(%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F)" title="定陵 (北魏)">定陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AD%9D%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="魏孝明帝">魏孝明帝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E9%99%B5_(%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F)" title="靜陵 (北魏)">静陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AD%9D%E5%BA%84%E5%B8%9D" title="魏孝庄帝">魏孝庄帝</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%B9%82" title="元乂">元乂</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%87%8C" title="元懌">元懌</a>墓</li> <li>五女冢村墓地</li> <li>杨冢村墓冢</li> <li>唐屯村东南墓地</li> <li>马坡村东北墓地 <ul><li><small>曾疑为<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%85%83%E9%83%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="明元郭皇后">明元郭皇后</a>墓</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B2%E5%86%8F" title="元仲冏">元𬀩</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%98%AD_(%E5%B8%B8%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B)" title="元昭 (常山王)">元巶</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E8%8A%82%E9%97%B5%E5%B8%9D" title="魏节闵帝">魏节闵帝</a>陵</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%81%B5" title="元遵">元遵</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A5%89" title="元祉">元祉</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%B1%E8%8D%A3" title="尔朱荣">尔朱荣</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E7%86%99" title="冯熙">冯熙</a>墓</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%81%E9%99%B5" title="隋永宁陵">隋炀帝杨广墓</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E7%82%80%E5%B8%9D" title="隋炀帝">隋炀帝</a><small>衣冠冢</small></li></ul></li> <li>南王村墓地 <ul><li><small>曾疑为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E7%82%80%E5%B8%9D%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="隋炀帝陵">隋炀帝陵</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%93%92%E8%99%8E" title="韩擒虎">韩擒虎</a>墓</li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%82%99%E5%A2%93" title="安備墓">安備墓</a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%AD%E9%99%B5" title="恭陵">恭陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%98_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="李弘 (唐朝)">李弘</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%85%E6%98%93%E5%A2%93" title="白居易墓">白居易墓</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">白居易</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E4%BB%81%E6%9D%B0" title="狄仁杰">狄仁杰</a>墓*? <ul><li><small>疑为<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E6%80%80%E4%B9%89" title="薛怀义">薛怀义</a>墓</small></li></ul></span></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>墓*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E5%B4%87" title="姚崇">姚崇</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%92%8C%E9%99%B5" title="唐和陵">唐和陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%98%AD%E5%AE%97" title="唐昭宗">唐昭宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9C%E7%9C%9F%E5%8D%BF" title="颜真卿">颜真卿</a>墓*</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B8%E8%BF%9C%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%9C%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="许远纪念地(页面不存在)">许远墓</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E8%BF%9C" title="许远">许远</a></li></ul></span></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%8F%A9%E5%A4%AB%E5%A6%87%E5%A2%93" title="安菩夫妇墓">安菩夫妇墓</a></li> <li>李嗣本墓 <ul><li><small>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%97%A3%E6%9C%AC" title="李嗣本">李嗣本</a>重名</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="波斯王陵(页面不存在)">波斯王陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%86%BE" title="阿罗憾">阿罗憾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="卑路斯三世">卑路斯三世</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%B4%BA" title="李贺">李贺</a>墓</li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E9%83%8A" title="孟郊">孟郊</a>墓</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%AA%AA" title="張說">張說</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%9A%E9%81%82%E8%89%AF" title="褚遂良">褚遂良</a>墓*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%BD%A1" title="袁天罡">袁天罡</a>墓*</li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%AE%A1%E8%A8%80" title="杜审言">杜审言</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%B9%BD%E6%B1%82" title="劉幽求">劉幽求</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%99%9B%E4%B8%AD" title="李虛中">李虛中</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E7%94%B7%E7%94%9F" title="泉男生">泉男生</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E7%94%B7%E7%94%A2" title="泉男產">泉男產</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E7%8C%AE%E8%AF%9A" title="泉献诚">泉献诚</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9C%87" title="高震">高震</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E9%9A%86" title="扶餘隆">扶餘隆</a>墓</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%A2%E6%A7%8B" title="畢構">畢構</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%95%E7%82%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="毕炕(页面不存在)">毕炕</a>墓</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD" title="五代十国">五代十国</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E9%BE%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%A3%81%E7%94%BB%E5%A2%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="洛龙区壁画墓(页面不存在)">洛龙区壁画墓</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%A2%81" title="后梁">后梁</a></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E9%99%B5_(%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81)" title="宣陵 (後梁)">后梁宣陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%B8%A9" title="朱温">朱温</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E8%B4%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="元贞皇太后">元贞皇太后</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%94%90" title="后唐">后唐</a></th> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E9%99%B5_(%E5%BE%8C%E5%94%90)" title="徽陵 (後唐)">后唐徽陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%97" title="唐明宗">唐明宗</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E9%99%B5_(%E5%BE%8C%E5%94%90)" title="雍陵 (後唐)">后唐雍陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BA%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐庄宗">唐庄宗</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%99%8B" title="后晋">后晋</a></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%99%8B%E6%98%BE%E9%99%B5" title="后晋显陵">后晋显陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%95%AC%E7%91%AD" title="石敬瑭">石敬瑭</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li>曹屯墓地</li> <li>焦寨墓地</li> <li>漫流古墓群</li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E4%BB%B2%E6%B7%B9%E5%A2%93" title="范仲淹墓">范仲淹墓</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E4%BB%B2%E6%B7%B9" title="范仲淹">范仲淹</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8B%E9%A2%90%E3%80%81%E7%A8%8B%E9%A1%A5%E5%A2%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="程颐、程顥墓(页面不存在)">程颐、程顥墓</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E9%A2%90" title="程颐">程颐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E9%A1%A5" title="程顥">程顥</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E9%9B%8D" title="邵雍">邵雍</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%BD%8A%E8%B3%A2" title="張齊賢">張齊賢</a>墓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%BD%A5%E5%8D%9A" title="文彥博">文彥博</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li>宋四郎墓</li> <li>砖雕孝子图墓</li> <li>砖雕墓</li> <li>砖室墓</li> <li>壁画墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%BC%BC" title="富弼">富弼</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%A9%A0" title="張詠">張詠</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%92%B8%E4%BF%A1" title="魏咸信">魏咸信</a>墓</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E8%8B%A5%E6%B0%B4" title="錢若水">钱若水</a>墓</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li>砖雕墓</li> <li>邹复墓</li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%84%BF" title="察罕帖木儿">察罕帖木儿</a>墓</span></li> <li>元宣武将军<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E7%83%88%E5%85%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="克烈公(页面不存在)">克烈公</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E9%A2%9C%E5%AF%9F%E5%84%BF" title="伯颜察儿">伯颜察儿</a>墓</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%A2%E4%BA%A8_(%E6%99%AF%E6%B3%B0%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" title="畢亨 (景泰進士)">毕文亨</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E3%B0%98" title="朱㰘">伊厉王</a>墓</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%81%A5%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="刘健纪念馆(页面不存在)">刘阁老墓</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%81%A5_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" title="劉健 (明朝)">刘健</a></li></ul></li> <li>工部尚书<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%A6%AE_(%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8)" title="宋禮 (尚書)">宋礼</a>墓</li> <li>北关吕氏墓地</li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%86%99%E9%99%B5" title="明熙陵">明熙陵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%B8%B8%E6%B4%B5" title="朱常洵">朱常洵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E8%AA%A0%E6%81%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="孝誠恭皇后">孝誠恭皇后</a></li></ul></span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%AB%9F%E9%8B%9D" title="朱諟鋝">朱諟鋝</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%A8%8F%E6%BC%88" title="朱訏漈">朱訏漈</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AF%B5" title="李天寵">李天寵</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E5%9D%A6" title="陸坦">陸坦</a>墓</span></li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BA%E5%AE%8C%E6%A4%8D" title="藺完植">藺完植</a>墓</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%87%89%E6%99%82" title="沈應時">沈應時</a>家族墓地</li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="navbox-even"> <th class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a></th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"></td> <td style="background:lightyellow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%9A%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="李際期">李際期</a>墓</li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%81%E8%80%81%E5%A4%AB%E5%AD%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="宁老夫子(页面不存在)">宁老夫子</a>墓地</li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%90%B8_(%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%9F%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" title="王鐸 (天啟進士)">王铎</a>墓</span></li> <li>兵部右侍郎<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%BC%8E%E5%BB%B6" title="張鼎延">張鼎延</a>墓</li> <li>北关吕氏墓地</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%BA%B7" title="杜康">杜康</a>墓* <ul><li><small>清代立碑</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%85%88%E7%83%BA" title="朱慈烺">朱慈烺</a>墓*</li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E7%8E%89%E7%8F%82" title="楊玉珂">楊玉珂</a>墓</span></li></ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group">待定</th> <th class="navbox-group"></th> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"> <ul><li><span style="background:lightyellow">唐寺门村西墓葬</span></li> <li>老贯庄村古墓</li> <li><span style="background:lightyellow">白王村北墓</span></li></ul> </td> <td></td> <td class="navbox-even"></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*:多处之一 ?:存疑 <span style="background:lightyellow">位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%99%E5%B1%B1" title="邙山">邙山</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000161221">芬兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14094057">比利时</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80132949">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hkk25p1r7nlcg">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000222861&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&amp;acc_sequence=002206692&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">台湾</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00332689">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span 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