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href="#Erken_kariyer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Erken kariyer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erken_kariyer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Araştırmaları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Araştırmaları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Araştırmaları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Araştırmaları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hayatı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hayatı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hayatı</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hayatı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ailesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ailesi"> <div 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Abel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 30 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فريدريك أبيل - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريدريك أبيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فريدريك ابيل - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريدريك ابيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Avqust_Abel" title="Frederik Avqust Abel - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frederik Avqust Abel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%84" title="فردریک آبل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فردریک آبل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA_%CE%88%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Φρέντερικ Έιμπελ - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρέντερικ Έιμπελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Abel" title="Frederick Abel - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Frederick Abel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Abel" title="Frederick Abel - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frederick Abel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%84" title="فردریک آبل - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردریک آبل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Abel" title="Frederick Abel - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frederick Abel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9C" title="פרדריק אייבל - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריק אייבל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Abel" title="Frederick Abel - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frederick Abel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB" title="フレデリック・エイベル - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレデリック・エイベル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ್ರೆಡರಿಕ್ ಅಬೆಲ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಡರಿಕ್ ಅಬೆಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD" title="ഫ്രെഡെറിക്ക് ആബെൽ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രെഡെറിക്ക് ആബെൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Abel" title="Frederick Abel - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frederick Abel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" title="Frederick Augustus Abel - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frederick Augustus Abel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Абель, Фредерик Август - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абель, Фредерик Август" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Фридрих Август Абел - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фридрих Август Абел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Abel" 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Frederick Abel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Frederick_Augustus_Abel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Augustus_Abel2.jpg/220px-Frederick_Augustus_Abel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Augustus_Abel2.jpg/330px-Frederick_Augustus_Abel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Augustus_Abel2.jpg/440px-Frederick_Augustus_Abel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2408" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doğum</th><td class="infobox-data">17 Temmuz 1827<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1827-07-17</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>, İngiltere</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ölüm</th><td class="infobox-data">6 Eylül 1902 (75 yaşında)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitehall_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whitehall Court (sayfa mevcut değil)">Whitehall Court</a>, Londra, İngiltere</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Milliyet</th><td class="infobox-data kategori">İngiliz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Eğitim</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Westminster Üniversitesi">Westminster Üniversitesi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ödüller</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kraliyet_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Kraliyet Madalyası">Kraliyet Madalyası</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1877)</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Madalyas%C4%B1_(Kraliyet_Sanat_Derne%C4%9Fi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Madalyası (Kraliyet Sanat Derneği) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Albert Madalyası</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1891)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Kariyeri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dalı</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Kimya" title="Kimya">Kimya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doktora_dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fman%C4%B1" title="Doktora danışmanı">Doktora<br />danışmanı</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._W._von_Hofmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. W. von Hofmann (sayfa mevcut değil)">A. W. von Hofmann</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frederick Augustus Abel</b> (17 Temmuz 1827 - 6 Eylül 1902), patlayıcılar konusunda önde gelen bir İngiliz kimyagerdir. Ateşli silahlarda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kordit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kordit (sayfa mevcut değil)">korditin</a> icadıyla tanınır. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eğitim"><span id="E.C4.9Fitim"></span>Eğitim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Eğitim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Eğitim"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Leopold_Abel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Leopold Abel (sayfa mevcut değil)">Johann Leopold Abel</a>'in oğlu olarak Londra'da doğan Abel, <a href="/wiki/Westminster_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Westminster Üniversitesi">Westminster Üniversitesinde</a> kimya okudu.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1852'de, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>'ın yerini alarak kimya profesörü oldu.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erken_kariyer">Erken kariyer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Erken kariyer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Erken kariyer"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1854'ten 1888'e kadar Abel, Woolwich'te mühimmat kimyageri olarak görev yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Üç yıl sonra, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sava%C5%9F_Departman%C4%B1_(Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savaş Departmanı (Birleşik Krallık) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Savaş Departmanına</a> kimyager olarak atandı.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1888 yılına kadar süren bu görev boyunca, <a href="/wiki/Patlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1_madde" title="Patlayıcı madde">patlayıcı</a> kimyası ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yaptı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Araştırmaları"><span id="Ara.C5.9Ft.C4.B1rmalar.C4.B1"></span>Araştırmaları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Araştırmaları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Araştırmaları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En önemli araştırmalarından biri, <a href="/wiki/Nitrosel%C3%BCloz" title="Nitroselüloz">nitroselüloz</a> üretimi ile ilgiliydi ve esas olarak nitratlanmış pamuğun ince hamur haline getirilmesinden oluşan bir süreç geliştirdi.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu da nitroselülozun güvenli bir şekilde üretilmesini ve aynı zamanda verim elde edilmesini sağladı. Yaptığı bu çalışma, 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru kullanıma giren <a href="/wiki/Dumans%C4%B1z_barut" title="Dumansız barut">dumansız barutun</a> önemli ölçüde önünü açmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Birleşik Krallık hükûmeti">İngiliz hükümetinin</a> talebi üzerine, petrol ürünlerinin <a href="/wiki/Parlama_noktas%C4%B1" title="Parlama noktası">parlama noktasını</a> belirlemenin bir yolu olan Abel testini hazırladı.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hayatı"><span id="Hayat.C4.B1"></span>Hayatı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Hayatı" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Hayatı"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1860'ta <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Kraliyet Cemiyeti Üyesi</a> seçildi ve 1887'de <a href="/wiki/Kraliyet_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Kraliyet Madalyası">Kraliyet Madalyası</a> aldı. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimya_Derne%C4%9Fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimya Derneği (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kimya Derneği</a> (1875-77), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrik_M%C3%BChendisleri_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrik Mühendisleri Enstitüsü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Elektrik Mühendisleri Enstitüsü</a> (1877), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimya_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimya Enstitüsü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kimya Enstitüsü</a> (1881-82) ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimya_End%C3%BCstrisi_Derne%C4%9Fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimya Endüstrisi Derneği (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kimya Endüstrisi Derneği</a> (1883) başkanlığı yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1897'de çelik üretimi üzerine yaptığı çalışmalardan dolayı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bessemer_Alt%C4%B1n_Madalyas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bessemer Altın Madalyası (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bessemer Altın Madalyası</a> ile ödüllendirildi.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1879'da <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0n%C5%9Faat_M%C3%BChendisleri_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İnşaat Mühendisleri Enstitüsü (sayfa mevcut değil)">İnşaat Mühendisleri Enstitüsü</a> tarafından <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telford_Madalyas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telford Madalyası (sayfa mevcut değil)">Telford Madalyası</a> ile ödüllendirildi. </p><p>20 Nisan 1883'te <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6valye" title="Şövalye">şövalye</a> oldu. 1902'deki ölümüne kadar <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">İmparatorluk Enstitüsü</a>'nün organizasyon sekreteri ve ilk direktörü oldu. 1888'de <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Cambridge Üniversitesi">Cambridge Üniversitesinden</a> fahri doktora aldı. </p><p>Abel, 6 Eylül 1902'de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitehall_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whitehall Court (sayfa mevcut değil)">Whitehall Court</a>'taki evinde 75 yaşında öldü<sup id="cite_ref-TTobit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TTobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve Londra'daki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nunhead_Mezarl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nunhead Mezarlığı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nunhead Mezarlığı</a>'na gömüldü.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baronetlik onun ölümüyle tükenmiş oldu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ailesi">Ailesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ailesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ailesi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abel önce Giulietta de La Feuillade'le evlendi. İlk karısının ölümünden sonra James Blanch'ın kızı Sarah Blanch'la evlendi. Hiç çocuğu olmadı.<sup id="cite_ref-TTobit_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TTobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kitapları"><span id="Kitaplar.C4.B1"></span>Kitapları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kitapları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kitapları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg/220px-Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Dosya:Abel,_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention,_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg/220px-Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg/330px-Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg/440px-Abel%2C_Frederick_Augustus_%E2%80%93_Mining_accidents_and_their_prevention%2C_1889_%E2%80%93_BEIC_10976127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2242" data-file-height="3666" /></a><figcaption><i>Maden kazaları ve önlenmesi</i>, 1889</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="//archive.org/details/handbookofchemis00abelrich" class="extiw" title="iarchive:handbookofchemis00abelrich"><i>Kimya El Kitabı</i></a> (CL Bloxam ile)</li> <li><i>Barutun Modern Tarihi</i> (1866)<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Silah-pamuk</i> (1866)<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Patlayıcı Maddeler Üzerine</i> (1872)<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Patlayıcı Madde Araştırmaları</i> (1875)<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Patlayıcı Amacıyla Uygulanan Elektrik</i> (1898)<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Ayrıca <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica Ansiklopedisi</a></i>'nin dokuzuncu baskısında birkaç makale yazdı.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0%C3%A7_balistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İç balistik (sayfa mevcut değil)">İç balistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyagerler_listesi" title="Kimyagerler listesi">Kimyagerler listesi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=8" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-1"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whosburiedwherei0000gree"><i>Who's Buried where in England</i></a>. Third. Constable. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-09-479310-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-09-479310-7">0-09-479310-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Buried+where+in+England&rft.series=Third&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-09-479310-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhosburiedwherei0000gree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Abel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107024123/http://www.iom3.org/iom3-presidents">"IOM3 Presidents"</a>. <i>Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</i> (İngilizce). 7 Ocak 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iom3.org/iom3-presidents">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Materials%2C+Minerals+and+Mining&rft.atitle=IOM3+Presidents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iom3.org%2Fiom3-presidents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Abel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403091047/http://www.iom3.org/awards-archive#Bessemer">"Awards archive"</a>. <i>Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</i> (İngilizce). 3 Nisan 2015 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iom3.org/awards-archive#Bessemer">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Materials%2C+Minerals+and+Mining&rft.atitle=Awards+archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iom3.org%2Fawards-archive%23Bessemer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Abel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TTobit-4"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-TTobit_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TTobit_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">"Obituary – Sir Frederick Abel". <i>The Times</i> (İngilizce). Londra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituary+%E2%80%93+Sir+Frederick+Abel&rft.place=Londra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Abel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-5"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Chisholm (1911)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Abel&action=edit&section=9" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kütüphanelerdeki <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n88-2757">Frederick Abel tarafından oluşturulan veya hakkındaki eserler</a> (<a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> katalogu)</li> <li>Portraits of Sir Frederick Augustus Abel, 1st Bt at the National Portrait Gallery, London</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528631&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528631&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528631" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" 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