Research & Impact | Yale School of the Environment

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</header> <div class="page-wrapper"> <main id="main-content" class="main-content"> <div id="block-yse-content"> <section class="hero section--global-spacing hero--img hero--caption"> <div class="hero__background cream"></div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="card card--large card--hero card--stacked" > <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .431"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/320x137/public/2024-03/Vein-diseased-tissue-left-healthy-right.jpg?h=f6b22871&itok=JtJ0u__a 320w, /sites/default/files/styles/500x214/public/2024-03/Vein-diseased-tissue-left-healthy-right.jpg?h=f6b22871&itok=r3VwXV5T 500w, /sites/default/files/styles/768x320/public/2024-03/Vein-diseased-tissue-left-healthy-right.jpg?h=f6b22871&itok=QQMmYtat 768w, /sites/default/files/styles/1160x500/public/2024-03/Vein-diseased-tissue-left-healthy-right.jpg?h=f6b22871&itok=aymV4V6J 1160w" type="image/jpeg" sizes="100vw, (min-width: 1160px) 1160px" width="768" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" width="768" height="320" src="/sites/default/files/styles/320x137/public/2024-03/Vein-diseased-tissue-left-healthy-right.jpg?h=f6b22871&itok=JtJ0u__a" alt="beech leaf tissue sample" /> </picture> </div> <figcaption><p>Cross section of a Beech Leaf Disease infected leaf (left) and healthy leaf (right) chemically stained with bleach shows that the veins are wider and less dense in symptomatic regions of the leaf — photo courtesy of Craig Brodersen. <a class="link-arrow" data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6af7dc1e-0016-4d98-b3a9-79bdda7d1daf" href="/node/4011">Read about the research</a></p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x text-margin-reset"> <div class="initial-12 medium-8 cell"> <ol class="breadcrumbs"> <li class="active">Research & Impact</li> </ol> <h1>Research & Impact</h1> <div class="intro-text global-spacing--small"> <p>Learned in the classroom, practiced in the field, impacting our world.</p> </div> </div> <div class="jump-nav-column initial-12 medium-4 cell"> <h2 class="eyebrow">On This Page</h2> <ol class="jump-nav" data-jump-nav-hide></ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="global-spacing global-spacing--xlarge flexible-wysiwyg" > <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell medium-10 medium-offset-1 large-8 large-offset-2"> <div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--full wysiwyg-column--center"> <p class="drop-cap">Our faculty, students, and alumni are conducting innovative research that is changing how we understand and approach the environment, conservation, and sustainability. We’re turning wood into biodegradable plastics, re-imagining the urban tree lifecycle, and engineering plants to fight climate change — creating critical knowledge and new perspectives to solve environmental challenges across multiple disciplines and scales.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="paper-in-a-page" data-jump-nav-heading="Paper in a Page" class="pinap global-spacing global-spacing--xlarge cream global-padding global-padding--xlarge topographic-map"> <div class="section-heading text-margin-reset" > <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class='initial-12 cell'> <h2 class="section-heading__heading oho-animate oho-animate-single">Paper in a Page</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <article class="pinap__paper"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell medium-4"> <div class="eyebrow"><a href="/taxonomy/term/18" hreflang="en">Paper in a Page</a></div> <h3 class="h2"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116719" class="elf elf-external">Quantifying Change in Agricultural Soil Carbon Stocks</a> </h3> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p><a href="/node/1118">Mark Bradford</a>, Lisa Eash, Alexander Polussa, Fiona V. Jevon, <a href="/node/3601">Sara Kuebbing</a>, Ashley Hammac, Steven Rosenzweig, Emily Oldfield</p> </div> <div class="wysiwyg"> Geoderma, Volume 440 </div> </div> <div class="cell medium-8"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p>There has been significant economic, social, and political investment aimed at increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils through the adoption of regenerative cropland management practices. Yet, there is disagreement over the potential of these management practices to sequester sufficient SOC to meaningfully mitigate climate change. Measuring changes in SOC stocks within the extent of regional agriculture could help resolve this disagreement but sampling demands to quantify change are not considered feasible primarily because within-field variation in stock sizes is thought to obscure accurate quantification of management effects on incremental SOC accrual. The research team evaluated this infeasibility assumption. High-density within-field sampling data from 45 cropland fields were analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of accurately quantifying SOC stock changes due to management practices. </p> <p>The findings revealed that individual field estimates of SOC stock changes were often inaccurate and variable, even with increased sampling density. However, at the project level involving multiple fields, higher sampling densities and field numbers led to robust and accurate estimates of carbon accrual. Specifically, with increased sampling densities and field numbers, the study found it was feasible to accurately detect rates of SOC accrual meaningful for climate mitigation. With multiple fields, the results suggest it is feasible to make relatively robust and accurate, population-level, mean estimates of SOC accrual at the scale of agricultural projects and monitoring programs. The research underscores the importance of empirical evidence at the scale of agricultural landscapes for advancing the debate on the efficacy of regenerative practices in sequestering SOC.</p> </div> <figure> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/orig8_large/public/2024-01/PIP-Bradford-testing-carbon-stocks.png?itok=TcR4wpbs 1x" media="(min-width: 761px)" type="image/png" width="960" height="329"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/orig7_medium/public/2024-01/PIP-Bradford-testing-carbon-stocks.png?itok=uUv0K1T2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/orig8_xlarge/public/2024-01/PIP-Bradford-testing-carbon-stocks.png?itok=KdOYFh_O 2x" media="(min-width: 551px)" type="image/png" width="770" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/orig6_small/public/2024-01/PIP-Bradford-testing-carbon-stocks.png?itok=Ui1Or4zl 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/orig8_large/public/2024-01/PIP-Bradford-testing-carbon-stocks.png?itok=TcR4wpbs 2x" media="(min-width: 361px)" type="image/png" width="550" height="189"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/orig5_xsmall/public/2024-01/PIP-Bradford-testing-carbon-stocks.png?itok=hweHGBj7 2x" type="image/png" width="446" height="153"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/orig1_xxxsmall/public/2024-01/PIP-Bradford-testing-carbon-stocks.png?itok=Dlayya8E" width="242" height="83" alt="Data plots" /> </picture> <figcaption> <p><strong>Figure 1. </strong>The surest way to estimate whether soil carbon accrual is the result of a management intervention is to use a dynamic baseline which accounts for differences in SOC under both regenerative and conventional fields. Shown are these difference-in-difference means (with 95% confidence intervals), for 100 test iterations, in soil carbon change at a population level that includes 30 pairs of conventional and regenerative fields sampled at within-field densities of 1.2 ha sample<sup>-1</sup>.</p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </article> </section> <div class="grid-container"> <ol class="listing--cards grid--card grid-x grid-margin-x"> </ol> </div> <section id="faculty" data-jump-nav-heading="Faculty" class="checkerboard global-spacing global-spacing--xlarge paragraph--default"> <div class="checkerboards"> <div class="card card--checkerboard" > <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .55"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9z10_xxsmall/public/content/images/4578/YSE-Faculty-21-Duguid.jpg?itok=DI34a3yI 300w, 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href="/research/centers/climate-change-communication" class="arrow-link">Yale Program on Climate Change Communication (YPCCC)</a></h3> <p class="small-text"><p><a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/">YPCCC</a> is a leader in climate change communication, tracking Americans’ perception of climate change at all scales and building public and political will for climate action.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--centers-programs card--reversed swiper-slide" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/53/URI-treemap.jpg?h=1070239f&itok=KGtIgMH1" width="345" height="200" alt="Map of every street tree in New Haven" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">Centers & Programs</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/research-impact/centers-programs-and-initiatives/urban-resources-initiative-uri" class="arrow-link">Urban Resources Initiative</a></h3> <p class="small-text"><p>Making New Haven cleaner and greener, <a href="https://uri.yale.edu">URI</a> works with local partners to plant trees, restore community green spaces, and build bioswales to filter stormwater runoff.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--centers-programs card--reversed swiper-slide" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/55/ELTI-banner-Slusser.jpg?h=1070239f&itok=Co-NvYvN" width="345" height="200" alt="Fmers learning techniques to use silvopastoral systems" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">Centers & Programs</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/research/centers/environmental-leadership-training-initiative" class="arrow-link">Environmental Leadership Training Initiative (ELTI)</a></h3> <p class="small-text"><p>In critical natural landscapes rich in biodiversity, <a href="https://elti.yale.edu">ELTI</a> empowers local leaders to design and implement land use practices and initiatives that protect tropical forests and the livelihoods of local landowners and their communities.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--centers-programs card--reversed swiper-slide" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/4637/MArlyse-Duguid-forest-talk.jpg?h=3e6a6697&itok=wPLln7ai" width="345" height="200" alt="Marlyse Duguid teaching in the Yale-Myers Forest" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">Centers & Programs</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/research/centers/yale-forests" class="arrow-link">Yale Forests</a></h3> <p class="small-text"><p>Our homes away from home, the <a href="https://forests.yale.edu">Yale Forests</a> manage 10,777 acres of forestland that provide educational, research, and professional opportunities to the Yale community and beyond.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--centers-programs card--reversed swiper-slide" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/101/TFD-map.jpg?h=89c95a02&itok=FCI7LVyR" width="345" height="200" alt="Map with more than 40 red pins across the globe marking Dialogue locations" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">Centers & Programs</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/research/centers/forests-dialogue" class="arrow-link">The Forests Dialogue (TFD)</a></h3> <p class="small-text"><p>The Forests Dialogue provides a platform for ongoing, multi-stakeholder conversations focused on collaborative solutions to challenges in achieving sustainable forest management and forest conservation.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--centers-programs card--reversed swiper-slide" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/4537/TRI-header.jpg?h=ef6bea09&itok=RFJI0XmW" width="345" height="200" alt="Tropical Resources Institute" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">Centers & Programs</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/research-impact/centers-programs-and-initiatives/tropical-resources-institute-tri" class="arrow-link">Tropical Resources Institute (TRI)</a></h3> <p class="small-text"><p>The <a href="https://tri.yale.edu">Tropical Resources Institute</a> supports student research and on-campus programming aimed at solutions to complex challenges within the conservation and management of tropical environments.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--centers-programs card--reversed swiper-slide" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/106/Natural-Carbon-Capture.jpg?h=fb2f6f0b&itok=MQ0reL3p" width="345" height="200" alt=" " class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> 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