Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="wb5XVfCNmAedp161oIrnhQC3VmImDh1LBq0AWKSGOSH8h2cjxc0i8y4FYh7g2GEW"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="wb5XVfCNmAedp161oIrnhQC3VmImDh1LBq0AWKSGOSH8h2cjxc0i8y4FYh7g2GEW"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="wb5XVfCNmAedp161oIrnhQC3VmImDh1LBq0AWKSGOSH8h2cjxc0i8y4FYh7g2GEW"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="wb5XVfCNmAedp161oIrnhQC3VmImDh1LBq0AWKSGOSH8h2cjxc0i8y4FYh7g2GEW"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="25731166"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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data-search-term='"Nature"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Nature"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2015 Jun 11;522(7555):207-11.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1038/nature14317. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2015 Mar 2. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Haak+W&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wolfgang Haak">Wolfgang Haak</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lazaridis+I&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Iosif Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Patterson+N&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" 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class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mallick+S&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Swapan Mallick">Swapan Mallick</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Llamas+B&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bastien Llamas">Bastien Llamas</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brandt+G&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Guido Brandt">Guido Brandt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nordenfelt+S&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Susanne Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Harney+E&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eadaoin Harney">Eadaoin Harney</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Stewardson+K&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kristin Stewardson">Kristin Stewardson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fu+Q&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Qiaomei Fu">Qiaomei Fu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany [4] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mittnik+A&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alissa Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=B%C3%A1nffy+E&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eszter Bánffy">Eszter Bánffy</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary [2] Römisch Germanische Kommission (RGK) Frankfurt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Economou+C&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christos Economou">Christos Economou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Francken+M&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael Francken">Michael Francken</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Friederich+S&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Susanne Friederich">Susanne Friederich</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pena+RG&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rafael Garrido Pena">Rafael Garrido Pena</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hallgren+F&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fredrik Hallgren">Fredrik Hallgren</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Khartanovich+V&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" 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class="full-name" href="/?term=Kunst+M&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael Kunst">Michael Kunst</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut, Abteilung Madrid, E-28002 Madrid, Spain." href="#full-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 16 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kuznetsov+P&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pavel Kuznetsov">Pavel Kuznetsov</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia." href="#full-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Meller+H&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harald Meller">Harald Meller</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mochalov+O&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Oleg Mochalov">Oleg Mochalov</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia." href="#full-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Moiseyev+V&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Vayacheslav Moiseyev">Vayacheslav Moiseyev</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St Petersburg 199034, Russia." href="#full-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nicklisch+N&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nicole Nicklisch">Nicole Nicklisch</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria." href="#full-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pichler+SL&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sandra L Pichler">Sandra L Pichler</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland." href="#full-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 18 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Risch+R&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Roberto Risch">Roberto Risch</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departamento de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain." href="#full-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 19 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rojo+Guerra+MA&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Manuel A Rojo Guerra">Manuel A Rojo Guerra</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departamento de Prehistòria y Arqueolgia, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain." href="#full-view-affiliation-20" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 20 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Roth+C&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christina Roth">Christina Roth</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sz%C3%A9cs%C3%A9nyi-Nagy+A&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anna Szécsényi-Nagy">Anna Szécsényi-Nagy</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary." href="#full-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 21 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wahl+J&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joachim Wahl">Joachim Wahl</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 22 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Meyer+M&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthias Meyer">Matthias Meyer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-23" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 23 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Krause+J&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes Krause">Johannes Krause</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [2] Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [3] Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745 Jena, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-24" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 24 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brown+D&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dorcas Brown">Dorcas Brown</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-25" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 25 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Anthony+D&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Anthony">David Anthony</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-25" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 25 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cooper+A&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alan Cooper">Alan Cooper</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Alt+KW&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kurt Werner Alt">Kurt Werner Alt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria [4] Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland." href="#full-view-affiliation-26" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 26 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reich+D&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Reich">David Reich</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/25731166/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany [4] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8" id="full-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> 1] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary [2] Römisch Germanische Kommission (RGK) Frankfurt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9" id="full-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10" id="full-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11" id="full-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-12" id="full-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-13" id="full-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-14" id="full-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-15" id="full-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-16" id="full-view-affiliation-16" ><sup class="key">16</sup> Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut, Abteilung Madrid, E-28002 Madrid, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-17" id="full-view-affiliation-17" ><sup class="key">17</sup> 1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-18" id="full-view-affiliation-18" ><sup class="key">18</sup> Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-19" id="full-view-affiliation-19" ><sup class="key">19</sup> Departamento de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-20" id="full-view-affiliation-20" ><sup class="key">20</sup> Departamento de Prehistòria y Arqueolgia, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-21" id="full-view-affiliation-21" ><sup class="key">21</sup> 1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-22" id="full-view-affiliation-22" ><sup class="key">22</sup> State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-23" id="full-view-affiliation-23" ><sup class="key">23</sup> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-24" id="full-view-affiliation-24" ><sup class="key">24</sup> 1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [2] Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [3] Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745 Jena, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-25" id="full-view-affiliation-25" ><sup class="key">25</sup> Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-26" id="full-view-affiliation-26" ><sup class="key">26</sup> 1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria [4] Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">25731166</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC5048219&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5048219/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC5048219 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1038/nature14317&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14317" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1038/nature14317 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Wolfgang Haak</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Nature<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2015">2015</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/25731166/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" 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class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lazaridis+I&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Iosif Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Patterson+N&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nick Patterson">Nick Patterson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rohland+N&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nadin Rohland">Nadin Rohland</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mallick+S&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Swapan Mallick">Swapan Mallick</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Llamas+B&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bastien Llamas">Bastien Llamas</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brandt+G&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Guido Brandt">Guido Brandt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nordenfelt+S&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Susanne Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Harney+E&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eadaoin Harney">Eadaoin Harney</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Stewardson+K&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kristin Stewardson">Kristin Stewardson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fu+Q&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Qiaomei Fu">Qiaomei Fu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany [4] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mittnik+A&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alissa Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=B%C3%A1nffy+E&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eszter Bánffy">Eszter Bánffy</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary [2] Römisch Germanische Kommission (RGK) Frankfurt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Economou+C&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christos Economou">Christos Economou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Francken+M&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael Francken">Michael Francken</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Friederich+S&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Susanne Friederich">Susanne Friederich</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pena+RG&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rafael Garrido Pena">Rafael Garrido Pena</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hallgren+F&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fredrik Hallgren">Fredrik Hallgren</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Khartanovich+V&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Valery Khartanovich">Valery Khartanovich</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St Petersburg 199034, Russia." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Khokhlov+A&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Aleksandr Khokhlov">Aleksandr Khokhlov</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kunst+M&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael Kunst">Michael Kunst</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut, Abteilung Madrid, E-28002 Madrid, Spain." href="#short-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 16 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kuznetsov+P&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pavel Kuznetsov">Pavel Kuznetsov</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Meller+H&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harald Meller">Harald Meller</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mochalov+O&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Oleg Mochalov">Oleg Mochalov</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Moiseyev+V&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Vayacheslav Moiseyev">Vayacheslav Moiseyev</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St Petersburg 199034, Russia." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nicklisch+N&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nicole Nicklisch">Nicole Nicklisch</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria." href="#short-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pichler+SL&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sandra L Pichler">Sandra L Pichler</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland." href="#short-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 18 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Risch+R&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Roberto Risch">Roberto Risch</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departamento de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain." href="#short-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 19 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rojo+Guerra+MA&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Manuel A Rojo Guerra">Manuel A Rojo Guerra</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departamento de Prehistòria y Arqueolgia, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain." href="#short-view-affiliation-20" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 20 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Roth+C&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christina Roth">Christina Roth</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sz%C3%A9cs%C3%A9nyi-Nagy+A&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anna Szécsényi-Nagy">Anna Szécsényi-Nagy</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary." href="#short-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 21 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wahl+J&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joachim Wahl">Joachim Wahl</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 22 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Meyer+M&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthias Meyer">Matthias Meyer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-23" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 23 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Krause+J&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes Krause">Johannes Krause</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [2] Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [3] Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745 Jena, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-24" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 24 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brown+D&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dorcas Brown">Dorcas Brown</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-25" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 25 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Anthony+D&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Anthony">David Anthony</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-25" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 25 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cooper+A&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alan Cooper">Alan Cooper</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Alt+KW&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kurt Werner Alt">Kurt Werner Alt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria [4] Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland." href="#short-view-affiliation-26" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 26 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reich+D&cauthor_id=25731166" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Reich">David Reich</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences &Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany [4] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8" id="short-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> 1] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary [2] Römisch Germanische Kommission (RGK) Frankfurt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9" id="short-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10" id="short-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11" id="short-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12" id="short-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13" id="short-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-14" id="short-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-15" id="short-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-16" id="short-view-affiliation-16" ><sup class="key">16</sup> Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut, Abteilung Madrid, E-28002 Madrid, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-17" id="short-view-affiliation-17" ><sup class="key">17</sup> 1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-18" id="short-view-affiliation-18" ><sup class="key">18</sup> Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-19" id="short-view-affiliation-19" ><sup class="key">19</sup> Departamento de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-20" id="short-view-affiliation-20" ><sup class="key">20</sup> Departamento de Prehistòria y Arqueolgia, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-21" id="short-view-affiliation-21" ><sup class="key">21</sup> 1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-22" id="short-view-affiliation-22" ><sup class="key">22</sup> State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-23" id="short-view-affiliation-23" ><sup class="key">23</sup> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-24" id="short-view-affiliation-24" ><sup class="key">24</sup> 1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [2] Departments of Paleoanthropology and Archaeogenetics, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany [3] Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745 Jena, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-25" id="short-view-affiliation-25" ><sup class="key">25</sup> Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-26" id="short-view-affiliation-26" ><sup class="key">26</sup> 1] Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany [3] Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria [4] Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">25731166</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC5048219&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5048219/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC5048219 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1038/nature14317&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14317" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1038/nature14317 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/25731166/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/25731166/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of Western and Far Eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, ∼8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in Germany, Hungary and Spain, different from indigenous hunter-gatherers, whereas Russia was inhabited by a distinctive population of hunter-gatherers with high affinity to a ∼24,000-year-old Siberian. By ∼6,000-5,000 years ago, farmers throughout much of Europe had more hunter-gatherer ancestry than their predecessors, but in Russia, the Yamnaya steppe herders of this time were descended not only from the preceding eastern European hunter-gatherers, but also from a population of Near Eastern ancestry. Western and Eastern Europe came into contact ∼4,500 years ago, as the Late Neolithic Corded Ware people from Germany traced ∼75% of their ancestry to the Yamnaya, documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery. This steppe ancestry persisted in all sampled central Europeans until at least ∼3,000 years ago, and is ubiquitous in present-day Europeans. These results provide support for a steppe origin of at least some of the Indo-European languages of Europe. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/4757bf16a15e/nihms801601f1.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="743" data-image-height="750" data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC5048219" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/9d1028bb12d2/nihms801601f1.gif" alt="Extended Data Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="743"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Outgroup f <sub> 3… </sub> </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Outgroup f <sub> 3 </sub> statistic f <sub> 3 </sub> (Dinka; X, Y), measuring the… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Extended Data Figure 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Outgroup f<sub>3</sub> statistic f<sub>3</sub>(Dinka; X, Y), measuring the degree of shared drift among pairs of ancient individuals.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/55c625a6560e/nihms801601f2.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="517" data-image-height="750" data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC5048219" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/f73f12663700/nihms801601f2.gif" alt="Extended Data Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="517"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Modelling Corded Ware… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Modelling Corded Ware as a mixture of N=1, 2, or 3… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Extended Data Figure 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Modelling Corded Ware as a mixture of N=1, 2, or 3 ancestral populations. (a) The left column shows a histogram of raw f<sub>4</sub> statistic residuals and on the right Z-scores for the best-fitting (lowest squared 2-norm of the residuals, or resnorm) model at each N. (b), The data on the left show resnorm and on the right show the maximum |Z| score change for different N. (c) resnorm of different N=2 models. The set of outgroups used in this analysis in the terminology of Supplementary Information section 9 is ‘World Foci 15 + Ancients’.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/0cabb247b36f/nihms801601f3.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="750" data-image-height="666" data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC5048219" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/9ac2c91b2dd3/nihms801601f3.gif" alt="Extended Data Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="666"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 3. Modeling Europeans as… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 3. Modeling Europeans as mixtures of increasing complexity: <i> N </i> =1 (EN), <i> N… </i> </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Extended Data Figure 3. Modeling Europeans as mixtures of increasing complexity: <i>N</i>=1 (EN), <i>N</i>=2 (EN, WHG), <i>N</i>=3 (EN, WHG, Yamnaya), <i>N</i>=4 (EN, WHG, Yamnaya, Nganasan), <i>N</i>=5 (EN, WHG, Yamnaya, Nganasan, BedouinB) </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The residual norm of the fitted model (Supplementary Information section 9) and its changes are indicated.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/6d8cd4d2898f/nihms801601f4.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="438" data-image-height="750" data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 4" data-pmc-id="PMC5048219" data-figure-id="F4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/612937903942/nihms801601f4.gif" alt="Extended Data Figure 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="438"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 4. Geographic distribution of… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Extended Data Figure 4. Geographic distribution of archaeological cultures and graphic illustration of proposed population… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Extended Data Figure 4. Geographic distribution of archaeological cultures and graphic illustration of proposed population movements / turnovers discussed in the main text (symbols of samples are identical to Figure 1) </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(a) proposed routes of migration by early farmers into Europe ∼9,000-7000 years ago, (b) resurgence of hunter-gatherer ancestry during the Middle Neolithic 7,000-5,000 years ago, (c) arrival of steppe ancestry in central Europe during the Late Neolithic ∼4,500 years ago. White arrows indicate the two possible scenarios of the arrival of Indo-European language groups.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/4f6f32363b57/nihms801601f5.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="750" data-image-height="576" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC5048219" data-figure-id="F5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/7f4445b281ba/nihms801601f5.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="576"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Location and SNP coverage of… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Location and SNP coverage of samples included in this study </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> a </b> )… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1. Location and SNP coverage of samples included in this study </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>a</b>) Geographic location and time-scale (central European chronology) of the 69 newly typed ancient individuals from this study (black outline) and 25 from the literature for which shotgun sequencing data was available (no outline). (<b>b</b>) Number of SNPs covered at least once in the analysis dataset of 94 individuals.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/3c4e5c9dfc45/nihms801601f6.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="605" data-image-height="750" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC5048219" data-figure-id="F6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/14c5ec20fedf/nihms801601f6.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="605"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. Population transformations in Europe </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. Population transformations in Europe </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> a </b> ) PCA analysis, ( <b> b </b> ) ADMIXTURE… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2. Population transformations in Europe </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>a</b>) PCA analysis, (<b>b</b>) ADMIXTURE analysis. The full ADMIXTURE analysis including present-day humans is shown in Supplementary Information section 6.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/7b975ee2d741/nihms801601f7.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="551" data-image-height="750" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC5048219" data-figure-id="F7"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/235a/5048219/3bd2d668f5a0/nihms801601f7.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="551"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Admixture proportions </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> We estimate mixture… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Admixture proportions </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> We estimate mixture proportions using a method that gives unbiased estimates… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3. Admixture proportions </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">We estimate mixture proportions using a method that gives unbiased estimates even without an accurate model for the relationships between the test populations and the outgroup populations (Supplementary Information section 9). Population samples are grouped according to chronology (ancient) and Yamnaya ancestry (present-day humans).</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (7) </button> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="linked-articles" id="linked-commentary"> <h2 class="title"> Comment in </h2> <ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/26062506/" ref="article_id=26062506&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> Human evolution: ancient DNA steps into the language debate. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Novembre J.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Novembre J.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nature. 2015 Jun 11;522(7555):164-5. doi: 10.1038/522164a.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Nature. 2015.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">26062506</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33618348/" ref="article_id=33618348&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="33618348" data-ga-label=""> Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Wang CC, Yeh HY, Popov AN, Zhang HQ, Matsumura H, Sirak K, Cheronet O, Kovalev A, Rohland N, Kim AM, Mallick S, Bernardos R, Tumen D, Zhao J, Liu YC, Liu JY, Mah M, Wang K, Zhang Z, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Candilio F, Carlson KSD, Culleton BJ, Eccles L, Freilich S, Keating D, Lawson AM, Mandl K, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Özdoğan KT, Stewardson K, Wen S, Yan S, Zalzala F, Chuang R, Huang CJ, Looh H, Shiung CC, Nikitin YG, Tabarev AV, Tishkin AA, Lin S, Sun ZY, Wu XM, Yang TL, Hu X, Chen L, Du H, Bayarsaikhan J, Mijiddorj E, Erdenebaatar D, Iderkhangai TO, Myagmar E, Kanzawa-Kiriyama H, Nishino M, Shinoda KI, Shubina OA, Guo J, Cai W, Deng Q, Kang L, Li D, Li D, Lin R, Nini, Shrestha R, Wang LX, Wei L, Xie G, Yao H, Zhang M, He G, Yang X, Hu R, Robbeets M, Schiffels S, Kennett DJ, Jin L, Li H, Krause J, Pinhasi R, Reich D.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Wang CC, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nature. 2021 Mar;591(7850):413-419. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03336-2. 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data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S." tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+U.S.+Gov%27t%2C+Non-P.H.S.%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+U.S.+Gov%27t%2C+Non-P.H.S.%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+U.S.+Gov%27t%2C+Non-P.H.S." data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cultural Evolution / history*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Cultural Evolution / history* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cultural Evolution / history*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cultural+Evolution%2Fhistory%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cultural+Evolution%2Fhistory%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cultural Evolution/history"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Cultural Evolution / history*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cultural+Evolution" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Cultural Evolution / history*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Cultural Evolution/history"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Cultural Evolution/history"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Europe / ethnology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Europe / ethnology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Europe / ethnology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Europe%2Fethnology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Europe%2Fethnology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Europe/ethnology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Europe / ethnology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Europe" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Europe / ethnology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Europe/ethnology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Europe/ethnology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Genome, Human / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Genome, Human / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Genome, Human / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Genome%2C+Human%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Genome%2C+Human%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Genome, Human/genetics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Genome, Human / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Genome%2C+Human" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Genome, Human / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Genome, Human/genetics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Genome, Human/genetics"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Grassland*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Grassland* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Grassland*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Grassland%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Grassland%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Grassland"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Grassland*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Grassland" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Grassland*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Grassland"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Grassland"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword History, Ancient" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> History, Ancient </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword History, Ancient"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22History%2C+Ancient%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22History%2C+Ancient%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="History, Ancient"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="History, Ancient"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=History%2C+Ancient" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="History, Ancient"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""History, Ancient"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""History, Ancient"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Human Migration / history*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Human Migration / history* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Human Migration / history*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Human+Migration%2Fhistory%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Human+Migration%2Fhistory%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Human Migration/history"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Human Migration / history*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Human+Migration" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Human Migration / history*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Human Migration/history"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Human Migration/history"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Language / history*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Language / history* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Language / history*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Language%2Fhistory%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Language%2Fhistory%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Language/history"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Language / history*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Language" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Language / history*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Language/history"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Language/history"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polymorphism, Genetic / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polymorphism, Genetic / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polymorphism, Genetic / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Polymorphism%2C+Genetic%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Polymorphism%2C+Genetic%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Polymorphism, Genetic / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Polymorphism%2C+Genetic" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Polymorphism, Genetic / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Population Dynamics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Population Dynamics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Population Dynamics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Population+Dynamics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Population+Dynamics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Population Dynamics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Population Dynamics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Population+Dynamics" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Population Dynamics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Population Dynamics"[MeSH]" 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