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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%A3%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%A3%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">카라코룸</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 53개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoroem" title="Karakoroem – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karakoroem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85" title="قراقورم – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قراقورم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85" title="قراقورم – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قراقورم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraqorum" title="Qaraqorum – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaraqorum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="قاراقوروم (شهر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاراقوروم (شهر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_(%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Ҡараҡором (ҡала) – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡараҡором (ҡала)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Каракорум (град) – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каракорум (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Каракорум (гӀала) – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Каракорум (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harhorin_(kapital_sa_distrito)" title="Harhorin (kapital sa distrito) – 세부아노어" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Harhorin (kapital sa distrito)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="세부아노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraq%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Qaraqırım – 크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qaraqırım" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_(Stadt)" title="Karakorum (Stadt) – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karakorum (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC_(%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7)" title="Καρακορούμ (πόλη) – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρακορούμ (πόλη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorumo_(Mongolio)" title="Karakorumo (Mongolio) – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karakorumo (Mongolio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karak%C3%B3rum_(ciudad)" title="Karakórum (ciudad) – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karakórum (ciudad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="قره‌قروم (شهر) – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قره‌قروم (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_(kaupunki)" title="Karakorum (kaupunki) – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karakorum (kaupunki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F" title="חרחורין – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חרחורין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_(romv%C3%A1ros)" title="Karakorum (romváros) – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karakorum (romváros)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կարակորում – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարակորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Karakorum (città) – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karakorum (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0" title="カラコルム – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カラコルム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қарақорым қаласы – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қарақорым қаласы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Каракорум – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каракорум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issedon_Scythica" title="Issedon Scythica – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Issedon Scythica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Каракорум (шегьер) – 레즈기안어" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Каракорум (шегьер)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="레즈기안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Каракорум (град) – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каракорум (град)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хархорум – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хархорум" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_(stolica)" title="Karakorum (stolica) – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karakorum (stolica)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carac%C3%B3rum_(cidade)" title="Caracórum (cidade) – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caracórum (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_(ora%C8%99)" title="Karakorum (oraș) – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karakorum (oraș)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Каракорум (город) – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каракорум (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_(mesto)" title="Karakorum (mesto) – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karakorum (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Каракорум (град) – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каракорум (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கரகோரம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரகோரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="คาราคอรม – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาราคอรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakurum" title="Karakurum – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karakurum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraqor%C4%B1m" title="Qaraqorım – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Qaraqorım" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Каракорум (місто) – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каракорум (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="قراقرم شہر – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قراقرم شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoraqurum_(shahar)" title="Qoraqurum (shahar) – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoraqurum (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karakorum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%92%8C%E6%9E%97" title="哈拉和林 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈拉和林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" 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id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q62677" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Stupas_de_Karakorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Stupas_de_Karakorum.jpg/250px-Stupas_de_Karakorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Stupas_de_Karakorum.jpg/375px-Stupas_de_Karakorum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Stupas_de_Karakorum.jpg/500px-Stupas_de_Karakorum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>카라코룸의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B4_%EC%A1%B0_%EC%82%AC%EC%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에르덴 조 사원 (없는 문서)">에르덴 조 사원</a> 주위에 있는 사리탑</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Turtle-Karakorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Turtle-Karakorum.jpg/250px-Turtle-Karakorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Turtle-Karakorum.jpg/375px-Turtle-Karakorum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Turtle-Karakorum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>카라코룸에 있는 거북이 돌상</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Orchon-mongolei.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Orchon-mongolei.JPG/250px-Orchon-mongolei.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Orchon-mongolei.JPG/375px-Orchon-mongolei.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Orchon-mongolei.JPG/500px-Orchon-mongolei.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>카라코룸을 흐르는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%98%EA%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="오르콘강">오르콘강</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>카라코룸</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%96%B4" title="몽골어">몽골어</a>: </span><span lang="mn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23381349">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian BT","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian BT","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; -ms-writing-mode:tb-lr; writing-mode:tb-lr; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr; word-wrap:normal; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠣᠮ</span>, Хархорум</span>)은 <a href="/wiki/13%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="13세기">13세기</a>에 약 30년간 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="몽골 제국">몽골 제국</a>의 수도였다. 그 유적이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8" title="몽골">몽골</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%BC%EB%B8%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%95%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="으브르항가이 주">으브르항가이 주</a>에 남아있으며, 근처에 카호린이라는 마을이 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="세계 유산">세계 유산</a> 중의 하나인 오르혼 계곡 문화 지구의 위쪽을 차지하고 있다. </p><p>고고학적 유물 발견으로 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%98%BC%EA%B0%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="오르혼강 (없는 문서)">오르혼강</a>의 흐르는 물을 이용한 금속제련의 중심지였다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 카라코룸은 고대 초원의 제국의 중심지라고 불리는데, 이르면 <a href="/wiki/8%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="8세기">8세기</a>부터 이곳에 유목민들이 살았었던 것으로 밝혀졌다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%AD%EA%B8%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B9%B8" title="칭기즈 칸">칭기즈 칸</a>은 <a href="/wiki/1220%EB%85%84" title="1220년">1220년</a> 경에 이 지역에 머물렀으며 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="중국">중국</a> 원정을 위한 본거지로 삼아 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="몽골 제국">몽골 제국</a>의 시작을 열었다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%AD%EA%B8%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B9%B8" title="칭기즈 칸">칭기즈 칸</a>의 주요 경쟁자였던 나이만 몽골족의 수도였던 오늘날 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B8%EB%9E%80%EB%B0%94%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="울란바타르">울란바타르</a>의 서쪽에 있는 카라코룸을 그의 새로운 제국의 본거지로 삼았다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EA%B5%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B9%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="우구데이 칸">우구데이 칸</a>은 몽골의 황제 칭기즈 칸의 셋째 아들로 몽골 제국의 황위를 이어받았다. 칭기즈 칸의 아들 중에서 가장 지적인 사람이었다. 우구데이 칸은 거처를 카라코룸에 정하였고, 그가 가장 신임한 인물은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%9C%A8%EC%B4%88%EC%9E%AC" title="야율초재">야율초재</a>로 아버지 칭기즈 칸 때부터 통치의 조력자로 함께 해왔으며, 중국식 행정 조직을 구성하여 통치하는 데 중요한 역할을 맡았다. </p><p>참고로 카라코룸을 중국에선 <b>화림(和林)</b>이라 불렀고 화림 지역은 몽골이 중국을 지배하며 둔 <b>화령로총관부(和寧路摠管府)</b>의 하위구역이다. 이 때문에 조선조 학자가운데서도 말이 있었고<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 지금도 학설이 제기되고 있는 문제가 하나 있다. 그것은 바로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%A1%B0_(%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0)" title="태조 (조선)">이성계</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="명나라">명나라</a>에 '권지고려국사'의 이름으로 사절을 보내 "나의 고향인 '화령'(和寧)과 옛날에 있었던 나라 '조선'(朝鮮)가운데 하나를 이름으로 골라달라'고 한 것과 관련된 문제이다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이성계가 제시한 화령이 명나라로 하여금 암암리 조선을 국호로 선택할 수밖에 없게끔 유도한 것이라는 설. 명나라 입장에선 중국원정의 본거지였던 화령을 이름으로 선택하기가 매우 거북했을 것이다. 더 나아가 명나라를 은근히 조롱하기 위하여 의도된 행동이라는 설도 있는데, 명확한 근거는 없으나 당시 화령로총관부라는 것을 명과 조선 모두에서 모르고 있었을 가능성은 거의 전무하기 때문에 이러한 가능성도 전혀 없는 것은 아니다. 베이얼 호 전투에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="홍무제">주원장</a>(비유적인 표현인지 실제로 이끌었는지는 의문)이 이끄는 명군에 몽골인 7만 명이 사로잡히는 대패를 당하자 무력하게 파괴되었다고 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%A3%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Karakorum?uselang=ko">카라코룸</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B4_%EC%A1%B0_%EC%82%AC%EC%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에르덴 조 사원 (없는 문서)">에르덴 조 사원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%98%EA%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="오르콘강">오르콘강</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EB%8F%84" class="mw-disambig" title="상도">상도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%8F%84" title="대도">대도</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%A3%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">성조(聖朝, 이성계)께서 천명을 받아 화령과 조선으로써 명나라에 주청하니 이에 황제가 국호를 조선으로 정하였다. 무릇 화령의 뜻은 일찍이 듣지 못하였다. 영락제가 북방을 정벌한 것은 아로태의 반란을 평정하기 위한 것이니, 화령은 원나라의 옛 땅이다. 원나라의 위소(危素)는 "원태조(칭기즈칸)가 창업한 땅이라 하여 《화령지(和寧誌)》를 지었으니, 족히 그 증거를 삼을 수 있다."라고 하였다. 그러나 우리나라가 오랑캐의 지명으로 국호를 주청할 리는 없을 듯하다. 《동사(東史)》를 상고하건대, 고려 우왕(禑王) 9년에 태조가 변방을 안정시킬 계책을 올린 가운데, "동쪽 경계에 있는 화령의 땅은 도내(道內)에서 가장 땅이 넓고 풍요합니다."라고 한 말이 있다. 그 다음해에 원나라에서 사신을 보내어 화령부(和寧府)에 오매, 임언충(任彥忠)을 파견하여 간곡히 효유하여 보냈는데, 길이 막혀 반 년을 머물렀으니, 대개 화령은 쌍성(雙城)에서 요동(遼東)의 개원부(開原府)로 직통하는 요충지이다. 그러니 그 땅은 실로 성조가 창업한 땅으로서 이른바 '적전(赤田)'이 이곳이니, 국호를 화령으로 주청한 것은 혹 이 연유가 아니겠는가? - 성호사설 권15, 화령</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#태조실록_1413">태조실록 (1413)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kaa_10111029_001">2권, 태조 1년 11월 29일 병오 1번째기사</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">우리나라의 국호를 중국에게 정해달라고 한 이 사건은 근현대에 들어 지나친 사대라고 두고두고 비판 받았다.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%A3%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation wikicite" id="태조실록_1413"><cite id="CITEREF태조실록_1413" class="citation book">춘추관 관원들 (1413). 《<a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%A1%B0%EC%8B%A4%EB%A1%9D" title="태조실록">태조실록</a>》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%ED%83%9C%EC%A1%B0%EC%8B%A4%EB%A1%9D&rft.date=1413&rft.au=%EC%B6%98%EC%B6%94%EA%B4%80+%EA%B4%80%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%A3%B8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62677#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/256970625">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk4CD9bxcVQwPT8JcdYT3">월드캣</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007556783105171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628375">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Karakorum (Mongolsko : zaniklé město)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1126339&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="몽골_제국" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#ccccff;"><div id="몽골_제국" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="몽골 제국">몽골 제국</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="용어" style="border: 0px; margin: -2px 0 0 0; padding: 0px;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDFF;"><div id="용어" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">용어</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">작위와 직책</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EA%B0%84" title="카간">카간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B8" title="칸">칸과 카탄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%86%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="지농">지농</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%A9_%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="콩 타이지">콩 타이지</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">정치와 군사 용어</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="얌">얌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8D%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="팍스 몽골리카">팍스 몽골리카</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%BC%EC%82%AC_(%EB%B2%95%EB%A5%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="야사 (법률) (없는 문서)">야사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A6%B4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4" title="쿠릴타이">쿠릴타이(대회의)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%84%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="네르게 (없는 문서)">네르게</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%9D%EA%B5%AC%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="망구다이 (없는 문서)">망구다이</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%88%AC%EB%A9%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="투멘 (없는 문서)">투멘(만인대)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="정치,_조직과_생활" style="border: 0px; margin: -2px 0 0 0; padding: 0px;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDFF;"><div id="정치,_조직과_생활" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">정치, 조직과 생활</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="칸국">칸국</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EA%B5%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="우구데이 칸국">우구데이 칸국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EA%B0%80%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="차가타이 칸국">차가타이 칸국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="킵차크 칸국">킵차크 칸국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="일 칸국">일 칸국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="원나라">원나라</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">주요 도시</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">카라코룸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B8%ED%8A%B8" title="사마르칸트">사마르칸트</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_(%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사라이 (도시) (없는 문서)">사라이 바투</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_(%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사라이 (도시) (없는 문서)">사라이 베르케</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%88" title="타브리즈">타브리즈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%8F%84" title="대도">대도</a>(大都)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B4" title="볼가르">볼가르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC" title="부하라">부하라</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%84%EC%BC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="위켁 (없는 문서)">위켁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4_(%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="마자르 (킵차크 칸국) (없는 문서)">마자르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A1%B0%ED%94%84" title="아조프">아조프</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%A3%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사라이주크 (없는 문서)">사라이주크</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%95%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아시타르한 (없는 문서)">아시타르한</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="군사_행동" style="border: 0px; margin: -2px 0 0 0; padding: 0px;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDFF;"><div id="군사_행동" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85" class="mw-redirect" title="몽골의 침입">군사 행동</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">아시아</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">중앙아시아</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 중앙아시아 침입 (없는 문서)">1218~1220년</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EB%A0%88%EC%A6%98_%EC%83%A4_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="화레즘 샤 왕조">화레즘</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8%EC%A7%80%EC%95%BC%EC%99%80_%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 그루지야와 아르메니아 침입 (없는 문서)">1220~1222년 카프카스의 그루지야와 쿠만족</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">동아시아</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B8%88%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="몽금전쟁">1205~1209년 중국 서부</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%ED%95%98" title="서하">서하</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="금나라">금</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%A8%EC%86%A1_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 남송 침입 (없는 문서)">1211~1234년 중국 남부</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%86%A1" title="남송">남송</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4-%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="고려-몽골 전쟁">1231~1259년 한국</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4" title="고려">고려</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="원의 일본 원정">1274년 일본</a> (제1차)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EC%82%B0_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="애산 전투">1279년 중국 남부</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%86%A1" title="남송">남송</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="원의 일본 원정">1281년 일본</a> (제2차)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">동남아시아</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8-%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골-베트남 전쟁 (없는 문서)">1257년 베트남</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8#역사" title="베트남">(제1차)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%91%EA%B0%80%EC%82%AC%EC%9B%85%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%88_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="응가사웅기안 전투 (없는 문서)">1277년 미얀마</a> (제1차, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EA%B0%84_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="파간 왕조">파간 왕조</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 베트남 침입 (없는 문서)">1284년 베트남</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8#역사" title="베트남">(제2차)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EA%B0%84_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="파간 전투 (없는 문서)">1287년 미얀마</a> (제2차)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 베트남 침입 (없는 문서)">1287년 베트남</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8#역사" title="베트남">(제3차)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%99%80_%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 자와 원정 (없는 문서)">1293년 자와 섬</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">남아시아</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%81%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 북인도 침입 (없는 문서)">1292년 인도</a> (제1차, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EC%88%A0%ED%83%84%EA%B5%AD" title="델리 술탄국">델리 술탄국</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4_%ED%95%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자파르 한 (없는 문서)">1297년 인도</a> (제2차)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4_%ED%95%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자파르 한 (없는 문서)">1299년 인도</a> (제3차)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%95" title="몽골의 유럽 원정">유럽</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%BC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B0%95_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="칼카 강 전투 (없는 문서)">1222~1223년 쿠반, 아스트라한, 러시아, 우크라이나</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%88%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A7%8C%EA%B3%A1_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사마라 만곡 전투 (없는 문서)">1223년 볼가 불가리아</a> (제1차)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%BC%EA%B0%80_%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 볼가 불가리아 침입 (없는 문서)">1236년 볼가 불가리아</a> (제2차)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 러시아 침입 (없는 문서)">1237~1238년 러시아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 러시아 침입 (없는 문서)">1239~1240년 우크라이나</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%B0%A8_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="레그니차 전투">1241년 폴란드, 헝가리</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 중앙유럽 침입 (없는 문서)">1242년 불가리아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 러시아 침입 (없는 문서)">1258~1259년 갈리치아<b>·</b>볼히니아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 중앙유럽 침입 (없는 문서)">1259년 슬로바키아와 폴란드</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%C2%B7%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%B0_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="타타르·몽골의 러시아 지배 연표 (없는 문서)">러시아에 대한 제13차, 14차, 15차 보복 공격</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 중앙유럽 침입 (없는 문서)">1287년 폴란드</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%99" title="중동">중동</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 아나톨리아 침입 (없는 문서)">아나톨리아 <span style="font-size:90%;">(1241–43년)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%8B%88%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A0%84%EC%97%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 니자리 전역 (없는 문서)">알라무트 <span style="font-size:90%;">(1253년–1256년)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EA%B7%B8%EB%8B%A4%EB%93%9C_%EA%B3%B5%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%84_(1258%EB%85%84)" title="바그다드 공방전 (1258년)">이라크 <span style="font-size:90%;">(1258년)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%98%ED%8A%B8_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 레반트 침입 (없는 문서)">시리아 <span style="font-size:90%;">(1260년–1323년)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몽골의 팔레스타인 침입 (없는 문서)">팔레스타인 <span style="font-size:90%;">(1260년 / 1301년)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="인물" style="border: 0px; margin: -2px 0 0 0; padding: 0px;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDFF;"><div id="인물" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">인물</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EB%8C%80_%EC%B9%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="몽골의 역대 칸">황제와 통치자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%AD%EA%B8%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B9%B8" title="칭기즈 칸">칭기즈 칸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="보르테">보르테</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%B4%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="툴루이">툴루이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B3%A0%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="오고타이">오고타이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%87%B4%EB%A0%88%EA%B2%8C%EB%84%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="퇴레게네">퇴레게네</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EC%9C%84%ED%81%AC_%EC%B9%B8" title="귀위크 칸">귀위크 칸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EC%BC%80_%EC%B9%B8" title="몽케 칸">몽케 칸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%81%AC%EB%B6%80%EC%B9%B4" title="아리크부카">아리크부카</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%B9%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="쿠빌라이">쿠빌라이</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">주요 장군</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC" title="무칼리">무칼리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B6%94" title="보오르추">보오르추</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%B4" title="보로클">보로클</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B4" title="치라운">치라운</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%B6%80%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4" title="수부타이">수부타이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%B2%A0" title="제베">제베</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%A4%EB%A9%94" title="젤메">젤메</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%B9%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_(%EB%AC%B4%EA%B4%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="쿠빌라이 (무관)">쿠빌라이</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%BD%EA%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="곽간 (없는 문서)">곽간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%91%90" class="mw-redirect" title="카이두">카이두</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%80%EB%A3%AC%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="부룬타이 (없는 문서)">부룬타이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A6%B0%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%94%EC%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="바린의 바얀">바얀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B9%B8" title="노가이 칸">노가이 칸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="notice metadata plainlinks stub" style="clear: both; font-size: smaller;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%89%EA%B8%80" title="분류:역사에 관한 토막글"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emojione_1F4DC.svg/40px-Emojione_1F4DC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emojione_1F4DC.svg/60px-Emojione_1F4DC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emojione_1F4DC.svg/80px-Emojione_1F4DC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td>이 글은 역사에 관한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%89%EA%B8%80" title="위키백과:토막글">토막글</a>입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 <a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%A3%B8&action=edit">문서를 완성해</a> 갑시다. </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=카라코룸&oldid=37211065">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=카라코룸&oldid=37211065</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="특수:분류">분류</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="분류:몽골 제국">몽골 제국</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%B9%84%EB%8B%A8%EA%B8%B8" title="분류:비단길">비단길</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%81" title="분류:몽골의 유적">몽골의 유적</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">숨은 분류: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0%EB%90%98%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%8A%EC%9D%80_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서">해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P18%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P18을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P18을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P373%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P373을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P373을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P349%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P349를 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P349를 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P691%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P691을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P691을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P7859%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P7859를 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P7859를 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P8189%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P8189를 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P8189를 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a 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