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This allows us to see that the demands of religion and piety are ultimately internal to human nature itself and an important part of the flourishing of human beings understood as rational, political animals.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"M. T. 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discerning what Thomas means by \"government\" and specifically its relationship to an Aristotelian conception of the human good as partially constitutive of a properly ordered political community. This allows us to see that the demands of religion and piety are ultimately internal to human nature itself and an important part of the flourishing of human beings understood as rational, political animals."},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Normative Grounds of the Natural Virtues of Religion and Piety (under review)","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [671852]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":66257443,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Normative Grounds of the Natural Virtues of Religion and Piety (under review)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/66257443/mini_magick20210413-27868-1wskjv0.png?1618327562" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Normative Grounds of the Natural Virtues of Religion and Piety (under review)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="671852" href="https://stthomas.academia.edu/MTLu"><img alt="Profile image of M. T. Lu" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/671852/701374/41654866/s65_m._t..lu.png" />M. T. Lu</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Aquinas argues that both religion and piety are natural virtues as a part of justice, which generate obligations to God as well as our parents and counties because they are the principles of our "being and government." In this paper, I argue that the key to understanding the normative grounds for these virtues lies in discerning what Thomas means by "government" and specifically its relationship to an Aristotelian conception of the human good as partially constitutive of a properly ordered political community. This allows us to see that the demands of religion and piety are ultimately internal to human nature itself and an important part of the flourishing of human beings understood as rational, political animals.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":66257443,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/46822908/The_Normative_Grounds_of_the_Natural_Virtues_of_Religion_and_Piety_under_review_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":66257443,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/46822908/The_Normative_Grounds_of_the_Natural_Virtues_of_Religion_and_Piety_under_review_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="66257443" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/46822908/The_Normative_Grounds_of_the_Natural_Virtues_of_Religion_and_Piety_under_review_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="44623098" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44623098/Piety_as_an_Aristotelian_Natural_Virtue_Forthcoming_ACPA_Proc_">Piety as an Aristotelian Natural Virtue (Forthcoming, ACPA Proc.)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="671852" href="https://stthomas.academia.edu/MTLu">M. T. Lu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 90 , 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Notwithstanding Aristotle’s own relative silence on the matter, in this paper I argue that piety is a natural (not supernatural) virtue of the Aristotelian kind. I begin with St. Thomas’ discussion of the virtues of religion and piety in which he shows how they both involve a recognition of human contingency and our radically dependent nature. Building off of this Thomistic analysis I offer both an account of Aristotelian virtue in general and a phenomenological analysis of piety in particular, in which I situate piety with respect to the other Aristotelian virtues. Finally, I close with a discussion of a few natural objections, including questions about the limits of natural reason as well as considering why Aristotle himself did not explicitly treat piety as a moral virtue.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Piety as an Aristotelian Natural Virtue (Forthcoming, ACPA Proc.)","attachmentId":66257408,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44623098/Piety_as_an_Aristotelian_Natural_Virtue_Forthcoming_ACPA_Proc_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44623098/Piety_as_an_Aristotelian_Natural_Virtue_Forthcoming_ACPA_Proc_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="5802319" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5802319/Religion_and_Charity_as_Commanding_in_Aquinas_Thomas_Instituut_te_Utrecht_Netherlands_2013_">Religion and Charity as 'Commanding' in Aquinas (Thomas Instituut te Utrecht, Netherlands, 2013)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="168582" href="https://stgregoryseminary.academia.edu/FranciscoRomeroCarrasquillo">Francisco J Romero Carrasquillo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Copyright © 2013-15 Francisco J. Romero Carrasquillo. All rights reserved. Pre-Publication draft of article by the same title, forthcoming in Goris H., Hendriks L., Schoot H.J.M. (eds.), "Faith, Hope and Love Thomas Aquinas on Living by the Theological Virtues," Series: Thomas Instituut Utrecht 16 (Leuven: Peeters, 2015). EXTENDED ABSTRACT: Today the ternary number of the theological virtues may seem to us to be beyond dispute, as it is solidly grounded in the Pauline corpus and in the Catholic theological tradition. Perhaps surprisingly, however, in the Middle Ages the issue was not so self-evident and it was disputed whether there were more than three theological virtues, and especially whether the virtue of religion, which was known to the pagan philosophers and which inclines man to give to God the worship that is due to Him, is to be counted as a theological virtue. William of Auxerre and St. Bonaventure categorized religion as being in some way a theological virtue. St. Thomas Aquinas, on the other hand, following his master St. Albert the Great, settled the question so-to- speak, at least for the Thomistic tradition, by categorizing the virtue of religion as a virtue that is annexed to justice, and thus locating it solidly within the realm of the natural moral virtues, and as distinct from any theological virtue (ST II-II.81). In his questions on religion Aquinas gives us very fine precisions regarding the nature of the theological virtues, especially when he explains why religion is not a theological virtue— and curiously most of these precisions cannot be found explicitly within his treatises on the theological virtues (cf. ST II-II.1-46). Concretely, here he presents two very helpful principles that shed an enormous amount of light on our understanding of his teaching on the theological virtues—and elucidating these two points is the principal aim of the present paper. The first principle (1) in question is Aquinas’ very technical way of distinguishing the theological virtues from the virtue of religion, which he ultimately draws from his doctrine on the object and end of human acts (cf. ST I-II.18): the virtue of religion has a creature (religious cultus) as its object and God as its end, whereas the theological virtues have God as both their object and their end. As a corollary, the virtue of religion and the theological virtues have in common the fact that they essentially have God as their end, and in this respect the four stand apart from all other virtues. The second principle (2) is the fact that any virtue is capable of ‘commanding’ the acts of other virtues towards its own ends. How this principle is related to the first can be seen from the examples Aquinas uses: both the virtue of religion and the theological virtues are ‘commanding’ virtues. First, the principal acts of the virtue of religion, such as prayer and sacrifice, are directly ‘elicited’ by the virtue of religion, but there are also other secondary or indirect religious acts, such as chastity and martyrdom, which, though directly elicited by other moral virtues (e.g., temperance and fortitude) are ‘commanded’ by the virtue of religion in such a way that religion orders them to a higher, religious end. Thus, the acts of essentially non- religious virtues can all be transformed into indirectly religious acts by being ‘commanded’ to a religious end. Similarly—and this is the main idea that the paper attempts to unpack—the acts of essentially non-theological virtues can all be transformed into indirectly theological acts by being ‘commanded’ by the theological virtues. In this way, the theological virtues can govern the whole system of natural virtues, bringing a supernatural dimension to all of human life. Thus someone interested in studying Aquinas’ doctrine on the theological virtues can gain a better understanding of the theological virtues by going beyond the treatises on the theological virtues and studying why Aquinas thinks that the virtue of religion is a moral virtue and not a theological one. In particular, the doctrinal principles on the distinction of moral and theological virtues and on the commanded and elicited acts of a virtue, both found within the discussion on religion in Aquinas’ Summa, are the basis of a highly technical and philosophically sound account of how the theological virtues, and especially charity, can be as it were the ‘form’ of the other virtues.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Charity as 'Commanding' in Aquinas (Thomas Instituut te Utrecht, Netherlands, 2013)","attachmentId":36641204,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5802319/Religion_and_Charity_as_Commanding_in_Aquinas_Thomas_Instituut_te_Utrecht_Netherlands_2013_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5802319/Religion_and_Charity_as_Commanding_in_Aquinas_Thomas_Instituut_te_Utrecht_Netherlands_2013_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="103331040" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103331040/The_Virtue_of_Religio_in_Thomas_Aquinas_Between_Justice_and_Love">The Virtue of Religio in Thomas Aquinas: Between Justice and Love</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1192345" href="https://ukf.academia.edu/AndreaBlascikova">Andrea Blascikova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religions, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of this article is to interpret the virtue of religio in the thinking of Thomas Aquinas against the background of his Summa Theologiae. In Summa Theologiae, the issue is placed in the context of justice and injustice; thus, this article seeks to show the deeper reason as well as the possible connections between religio and iustitia. Justice, according to Thomas, is preferably realised where there are differences among people and some debt (debitum) occurs that needs to be settled. The inclusion of the virtue of religio under justice is justified by the existence of a relationship in which a debitum also arises, but settlement is impossible. Aristotle, who inspired Thomas, claims that true friendship rests on similarity and equality. This article wants to present how this opinion of Aristotle could be manifested in Thomas’s description of the virtue of religio. The article posits the question of whether the gift of friendship with God does not permit us to give a new interpretation of the virtue of religio. The authors conclude that, together with love, the virtue of religio is infused into man, thanks to which he can perform deeds commensurate with the goal of ultimate beatitude. For a person who loves God, the act of religio is not only a means of satisfying the demand of justice towards the Creator of all things but also a grace in which he returns his love to God.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Virtue of Religio in Thomas Aquinas: Between Justice and Love","attachmentId":103366805,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103331040/The_Virtue_of_Religio_in_Thomas_Aquinas_Between_Justice_and_Love","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103331040/The_Virtue_of_Religio_in_Thomas_Aquinas_Between_Justice_and_Love"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="4444732" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4444732/The_Life_of_Natural_Virtue_as_Worship_in_Aquinas_Steubenville_Ohio_2013_">The Life of Natural Virtue as Worship in Aquinas (Steubenville, Ohio, 2013)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="168582" href="https://stgregoryseminary.academia.edu/FranciscoRomeroCarrasquillo">Francisco J Romero Carrasquillo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper seeks to make a highly original contribution to the debate on whether in Aquinas’ natural law ethics requires belief in God. The author gleans from the texts of Aquinas an argument for why living a full life of natural virtue requires that one practice the virtue of religion, a natural moral virtue that inclines us to perform religious actions. The author concludes that lack of belief in God is detrimental for the moral life, even at the natural level, for: (1) the virtue of religion is not only a legitimate natural virtue without which a person’s moral life is incomplete, but is actually classified by Aquinas as the highest of the moral virtues, and thus to lack this virtue is no small moral defect; and (2) most significantly, this virtue ‘commands’ the other moral virtues, ordering them to their ultimate natural end, and thus without this virtue the moral life falls into disorder even at the natural level.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Life of Natural Virtue as Worship in Aquinas (Steubenville, Ohio, 2013)","attachmentId":36618744,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4444732/The_Life_of_Natural_Virtue_as_Worship_in_Aquinas_Steubenville_Ohio_2013_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4444732/The_Life_of_Natural_Virtue_as_Worship_in_Aquinas_Steubenville_Ohio_2013_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="26469433" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26469433/Aquinas_and_the_Democratic_Virtues_An_Introduction">Aquinas and the Democratic Virtues: An Introduction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234947" href="https://yale.academia.edu/JenniferHerdt">Jennifer A Herdt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Aquinas and the Democratic Virtues: An Introduction</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Can the theology of Thomas Aquinas serve as a resource for reflection on democratic civic virtue? That is the central question taken up by the essays in this focus, by John Bowlin, Adam Eitel, Mark Jordan, and Michael Lamb. The four authors agree on one thing: Aquinas himself was no fan of democracy. They disagree, though, over whether Aquinas can offer resources for theorizing democratic virtues. Bowlin, Eitel, and Lamb believe he can, and propose Thomistic accounts of tolerance, civic friendship, and democratic hope, respectively. Jordan, in contrast, issues a cautionary note against such enterprises. This divergence is due in part to different judgments about what it would mean to claim certain resources as "Thomistic." In part, too, it flows from a disagreement about whether Aquinas himself countenances genuine virtues among non-Christian citizens, and about whether Christians and non-Christians can be said to share even proximate ends. The conversation is an important one, since accounts of the democratic virtues constructed using Thomistic resources have the potential to move discussions of democratic and theological virtues beyond common impasses.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Aquinas and the Democratic Virtues: An Introduction","attachmentId":46763136,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26469433/Aquinas_and_the_Democratic_Virtues_An_Introduction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26469433/Aquinas_and_the_Democratic_Virtues_An_Introduction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="27065306" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27065306/THE_SERVIENT_CHARACTER_OF_POLITICAL_POWER_ACCORDING_TO_ST_THOMAS_AQUINAS">THE SERVIENT CHARACTER OF POLITICAL POWER ACCORDING TO ST. THOMAS AQUINAS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32181229" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PawelTarasiewicz">Pawel Tarasiewicz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studia Gilsoniana, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">● Source: Pawel Tarasiewicz, “The Servient Character of Political Power According to St. Thomas Aquinas,” Studia Gilsoniana 3 (2014): 399-413 [ISSN 2300-0066] ● Summary: The author attempts to justify the thesis of the servient character of political power. By his analyses, he arrives at two conclusions. First, the ultimate goal of service fulfilled by political power should be identical with the natural goal of every human being, meaning a life of virtue. Hence, service to the cause of the citizens’ virtue requires that the fundamental duties of power include the protection of public peace, the promotion of actions towards the common good, and striving for a common abundance of worldly possessions. Second, to elect those in political power it is necessary to make sure that aspirants to such are characterized by the appropriate level of virtuous development. Each candidate should be first and foremost a person possessing a high moral quality (virtus boni viri), where prudence and magnanimity appear to be virtues especially fitting power (virtutes boni principis). ● Keywords: Political Philosophy; Political Parties; Government; Leadership; Virtue Ethics; Politics; Elections; Common Good; Human nature; Civic Virtue; Virtue; Morality; Prudence; Political Power; Body politics; Magnanimity; Public Peace and Unity; National government; Life of virtue.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE SERVIENT CHARACTER OF POLITICAL POWER ACCORDING TO ST. THOMAS AQUINAS","attachmentId":47319273,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27065306/THE_SERVIENT_CHARACTER_OF_POLITICAL_POWER_ACCORDING_TO_ST_THOMAS_AQUINAS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27065306/THE_SERVIENT_CHARACTER_OF_POLITICAL_POWER_ACCORDING_TO_ST_THOMAS_AQUINAS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="43842791" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43842791/Religion_as_a_Virtue_Staudt_Dissertation">Religion as a Virtue Staudt Dissertation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2679377" href="https://sjvdenver.academia.edu/RJaredStaudt">R. Jared Staudt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This dissertation examines Thomas Aquinas' treatment of religion as a moral virtue.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion as a Virtue Staudt Dissertation","attachmentId":64162676,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43842791/Religion_as_a_Virtue_Staudt_Dissertation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43842791/Religion_as_a_Virtue_Staudt_Dissertation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="44157692" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44157692/Political_Philosophy_and_Human_Nature_in_Thomas_Aquinas">Political Philosophy and Human Nature in Thomas Aquinas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="77862876" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StudiaGilsoniana">Studia Gilsoniana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studia Gilsoniana 9:3, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Taking into account and responding to two sets of objections to Thomas Aquinas’ credentials as political philosopher, the essay examines his political philosophy, its presupposed understanding of human nature, and its portrayal in his philosophy of law. Analysing the defining features of law in Aquinas places before the reader features of human nature, namely, rationality, relationality and religiosity. These traits enable one to find responses to what Charles Taylor has identified as “three malaises” of contemporary society and culture, namely, individualism, instrumental reason, and the political consequences of both.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Political Philosophy and Human Nature in Thomas Aquinas","attachmentId":64514267,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44157692/Political_Philosophy_and_Human_Nature_in_Thomas_Aquinas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44157692/Political_Philosophy_and_Human_Nature_in_Thomas_Aquinas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="6912655" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6912655/The_Virtue_of_Religion_Aquinas_on_The_Greatest_of_the_Moral_Virtues_">The Virtue of Religion: Aquinas on "The Greatest of the Moral Virtues"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5507254" href="https://thomasaquinas.academia.edu/RyanBradyPhD">Ryan J Brady, Ph.D.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">almost always think of "religion" as a system of beliefs and hardly ever advert to the fact that it has long been considered a virtue. St. Thomas Aquinas, in fact, speaks of it as the greatest of the moral virtues (cf., II-II q.81 a.6 s.c.). Although similar sentiments were expressed by some of the ancients such as Aristotle and Cicero, in this essay we will enquire into Thomas" treatment of the virtue of religion in particular. As Pius XI pointed out, St. Thomas "brought the whole science of morals back to the theory of the virtues and gifts" (Studiorum Ducem, 21). 1 If, then, we are to understand the Common Doctor"s thought on moral theology, a good place to start may be with the "greatest of the moral virtues" while comparing it with the other virtues and finding its place within the whole.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Virtue of Religion: Aquinas on \"The Greatest of the Moral Virtues\"","attachmentId":33590118,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6912655/The_Virtue_of_Religion_Aquinas_on_The_Greatest_of_the_Moral_Virtues_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6912655/The_Virtue_of_Religion_Aquinas_on_The_Greatest_of_the_Moral_Virtues_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="98164791" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98164791/The_Political_Common_Good_in_Thomas_Aquinas_and_in_the_Magisterium_of_the_XX_Century">The Political Common Good in Thomas Aquinas and in the Magisterium of the XX Century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="82980157" href="https://nd.academia.edu/Ant%C3%B4nioLemos">Antônio Lemos</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Political Common Good in Thomas Aquinas and in the Magisterium of the XX Century","attachmentId":99590714,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98164791/The_Political_Common_Good_in_Thomas_Aquinas_and_in_the_Magisterium_of_the_XX_Century","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98164791/The_Political_Common_Good_in_Thomas_Aquinas_and_in_the_Magisterium_of_the_XX_Century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66257443,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66257443,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_66257443" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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