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<li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>2010 season</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2010_season-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 2010 season subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-2010_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>2011 season</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2011_season-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 2011 season subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-2011_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sponsorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sponsorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complete_Formula_One_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complete_Formula_One_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Complete Formula One results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complete_Formula_One_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Върджин Рейсинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Върджин Рейсинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_f1" title="Virgin f1 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Virgin f1" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ヴァージン・レーシング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァージン・レーシング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B-1)" title="Вёрджин (команда Формулы-1) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вёрджин (команда Формулы-1)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%95%DA%A9%DB%8E%DB%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پێشبڕکێی ڤیرجین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێشبڕکێی ڤیرجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Вирџин рејсинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вирџин рејсинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virgin Racing" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-1)" title="Вірджин (команда Формули-1) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вірджин (команда Формули-1)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%8F%8D%E8%BD%A6%E9%98%9F" title="维珍车队 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维珍车队" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179408#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the former Formula One team. For the <a href="/wiki/FIA_Formula_E_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA Formula E World Championship">FIA Formula E World Championship</a> team formerly known as Virgin Racing, see <a href="/wiki/Envision_Racing" title="Envision Racing">Envision Racing</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former Anglo-Russian Formula One constructor</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Virgin</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Racing_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/Virgin_Racing_logo.png/220px-Virgin_Racing_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Virgin_Racing_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="144" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data fn org">Virgin Racing<br />(2010)<br />Marussia Virgin Racing<br />(2011)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Dinnington,_South_Yorkshire" title="Dinnington, South Yorkshire">Dinnington</a>, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Noted staff</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/John_Booth_(auto_racing)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Booth (auto racing)">John Booth</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Fomenko" title="Nikolai Fomenko">Nikolai Fomenko</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Lowdon" title="Graeme Lowdon">Graeme Lowdon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Hendy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Hendy (page does not exist)">Mark Hendy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alex_Tai" title="Alex Tai">Alex Tai</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Etienne_de_Villiers" title="Etienne de Villiers">Etienne de Villiers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nick_Wirth" title="Nick Wirth">Nick Wirth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Noted drivers</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lucas_di_Grassi" title="Lucas di Grassi">Lucas di Grassi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia F1 Team</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> World Championship career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First entry</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2010_Bahrain_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Bahrain Grand Prix">2010 Bahrain Grand Prix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Races entered</th><td class="infobox-data">38</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Engines</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions">Constructors'<br />Championships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">Drivers'<br />Championships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_Grand_Prix_winners_(constructors)" title="List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)">Race victories</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Podiums</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Points</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pole_position" title="Pole position">Pole positions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fastest_lap" title="Fastest lap">Fastest laps</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final entry</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2011_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Brazilian Grand Prix">2011 Brazilian Grand Prix</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Virgin Racing</b> (subsequently <b>Marussia Virgin Racing</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> racing team which was under management of <a href="/wiki/Manor_Motorsport" title="Manor Motorsport">Manor Motorsport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wirth_Research" title="Wirth Research">Wirth Research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a> and competed in <a href="/wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2010 Formula One World Championship">2010</a> with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_constructors#Team's_nationality" title="List of Formula One constructors">British licence</a> and in <a href="/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2011 Formula One World Championship">2011</a> with a Russian licence.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It scored no points and finished last in the Constructor's Championship for the two years the team competed. </p><p>The team was one of the four granted an entry for the 2010 season, and was originally known as <b>Manor Grand Prix</b>, before being renamed Virgin Racing when Virgin brought a shareholding and naming rights at the end of 2009. The team's original car, the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_VR-01" title="Virgin VR-01">Virgin VR-01</a>, was the first in Formula One to be developed using only <a href="/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics" title="Computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, and was driven by <a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucas_di_Grassi" title="Lucas di Grassi">Lucas di Grassi</a>. At the end of the season, <a href="/wiki/Marussia_Motors" title="Marussia Motors">Marussia Motors</a> bought a stake in the team and became the main sponsor, with the team known as Marussia Virgin Racing. The partnership with Wirth ended midway through 2011, and a new technical structure bringing car development in-house was set up for 2012. </p><p>Marussia Virgin Racing was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia F1 Team</a> at the end of 2011. The company retained its base in <a href="/wiki/Dinnington,_South_Yorkshire" title="Dinnington, South Yorkshire">Dinnington, South Yorkshire</a> as well as setting up the technical base in <a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury, Oxfordshire</a> for the construction of the racing cars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2009, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin</a> organisation was reportedly bidding for the former <a href="/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One#Honda_Racing_F1_Team_(2006–2008)" title="Honda in Formula One">Honda Racing F1 Team</a>. Branson later stated an interest in Formula One, but claimed the sport needed to develop a more economically efficient and environmentally responsible image. Virgin later sponsored the new <a href="/wiki/Brawn_GP" title="Brawn GP">Brawn GP</a> for <a href="/wiki/2009_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2009 Formula One World Championship">2009</a>. </p><p>The team was formed as <i>Manor Grand Prix</i> as a tie-up between <a href="/wiki/Manor_Motorsport" title="Manor Motorsport">Manor Motorsport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wirth_Research" title="Wirth Research">Wirth Research</a>. Initially, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Tai" title="Alex Tai">Alex Tai</a> was appointed team principal, <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Lowdon" title="Graeme Lowdon">Graeme Lowdon</a> as director of racing, Manor Motorsport boss <a href="/wiki/John_Booth_(auto_racing)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Booth (auto racing)">John Booth</a> as sporting director and former <a href="/wiki/Simtek" title="Simtek">Simtek</a> team owner <a href="/wiki/Nick_Wirth" title="Nick Wirth">Nick Wirth</a> as technical director. Booth said: "I was introduced to Nick back in March 2009 when the budget cap concept was introduced. There was going to be £30 million TV money, that was going to be the cost of the season and it all sounded like a great idea."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team was meeting prospective sponsors for 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/2009_British_Grand_Prix" title="2009 British Grand Prix">2009 British Grand Prix</a> weekend, at a time when Formula One faced a split amid commercial acrimony and the threat of breakaway championships. Against that landscape, the new teams were very much needed as an insurance policy by the sport's power brokers. But, once it was obvious that a breakaway was no more likely than at any other time during the previous 30 years, that was not quite so true. There would be no performance breaks for the newcomers, as promised, and the question was whether or not to continue. They ultimately decided to continue but within the financial framework they had decided on for the old regulations - and could only do that because of Nick Wirth's <a href="/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics" title="Computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a> (CFD) capability. </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes-Benz</a> purchasing Brawn GP at the end of the 2009 season, Branson invested in an 80% buyout of Manor Grand Prix, with the team being renamed Virgin Racing. Less than one month after the Virgin partnership was officially launched, Tai left his position and Booth took over as team principal, with Lowdon becoming the CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin Racing were based on a three-way partnership between Manor Motorsport, which ran the cars, Wirth Research, which designed them and Virgin which handled commercial operations. Car preparation and racing operations were run from its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Dinnington,_South_Yorkshire" title="Dinnington, South Yorkshire">Dinnington</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a>, while Wirth Research designed, developed and built the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_VR-01" title="Virgin VR-01">Virgin VR-01</a> from its base in <a href="/wiki/Bicester" title="Bicester">Bicester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> before announcing a relocation to new, larger premises in <a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury</a>, Oxfordshire in July 2010. </p><p>Virgin Racing had the lowest operating budget of all the teams in 2010 of £40 million. Branson said, "Money's not everything. They are determined to prove that via engineering prowess, great drivers and a great affinity with the public they can do well." </p><p>The team also had plans to create a driver academy, a series of racing teams starting in the new <a href="/wiki/GP3_Series" title="GP3 Series">GP3 Series</a> and advancing all the way up to Formula One.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010_season">2010 season</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2010 season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2010_FIA_Formula_One_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 FIA Formula One World Championship">2010 FIA Formula One World Championship</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Summarize_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Section_size_policies" title="Help:Section">too long</a> and excessively detailed.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider summarizing the material.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-season">Pre-season</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 November 2009 it was announced by the team that former Toyota driver <a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a> would be the team's lead driver for the 2010 season.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seemed as though Glock would partner Polish driver <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kubica" title="Robert Kubica">Robert Kubica</a> at <a href="/wiki/Renault_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault F1">Renault</a>, but following Renault's uncertainty over whether it would take part in Formula One for 2010, Glock chose an option where he would be guaranteed a drive, even though the car might have been less competitive.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glock was signed for two years with a one-year extension offer. He was partnered by Brazilian <a href="/wiki/GP2_Series" title="GP2 Series">GP2 Series</a> regular <a href="/wiki/Lucas_di_Grassi" title="Lucas di Grassi">Lucas di Grassi</a>. It was reported by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> that di Grassi had also provided Virgin with £5 million worth of sponsorship.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important factor in his decision was the chance to work with team principal John Booth. </p><p> Technical director Nick Wirth took the decision to use only CFD to develop the aerodynamics, with no reference to a wind tunnel. Booth said, "My prediction is that wind tunnels will be a thing of the past and by the time Malaysia1 (<a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus_(2010%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Lotus (2010–11)">Lotus Racing</a>) get theirs built, they will be redundant. When you look at the pace of development, particularly in the front wing area, there's no way that can be done in a wind tunnel -- there's not enough hours in the day. People will start splitting the resource much more towards CFD." Later upgrades to the VR-01 seemed to vindicate that decision<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Glock_Jerez_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Virgin_Glock_Jerez_2010.jpg/220px-Virgin_Glock_Jerez_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Virgin_Glock_Jerez_2010.jpg/330px-Virgin_Glock_Jerez_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Virgin_Glock_Jerez_2010.jpg/440px-Virgin_Glock_Jerez_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a> testing the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_VR-01" title="Virgin VR-01">Virgin VR-01</a> during pre-season testing in <a href="/wiki/Circuito_de_Jerez" title="Circuito de Jerez">Jerez</a>, in February 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>The VR-01 was officially launched on the team's website on 3 February 2010. The car passed its mandatory <a href="/wiki/FIA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA">FIA</a> crash tests, and completed its first track run at <a href="/wiki/Silverstone_Circuit" title="Silverstone Circuit">Silverstone</a> on 4 February in the hands of Glock. It tested with other teams for the first time at the group test at <a href="/wiki/Circuito_de_Jerez" title="Circuito de Jerez">Jerez</a> from 10 to 13 February. On the first day, Glock completed five laps of the track during wet weather conditions. On the second day, he completed eleven laps before the car's front wing failed; the team had to abandon the day's running due to a shortage of spare parts.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin modified the front wing mounting of the VR-01 ahead of the third day's running in Jerez, where di Grassi ran the Virgin for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following test was plagued by weather conditions and the car suffered a hydraulic problem on the first test day and Glock only managed 10 laps. On the next day Glock notched up 72 laps for the car and had no mechanical problems, however the weather was still wet. Di Grassi took over for the remaining two days of the test.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technical director Wirth said that the hydraulic problem was solved and the car had not suffered any big glitches.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem recurred, however, at the final pre-season testing session held in <a href="/wiki/Circuit_de_Barcelona-Catalunya" title="Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya">Barcelona</a>, costing the team further track time and necessitating a further redesign of the relevant components ahead of the season-opening <a href="/wiki/2010_Bahrain_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Bahrain Grand Prix">Bahrain Grand Prix</a>. </p><p>During the first practice session in Bahrain, both Virgin cars were plagued by mechanical issues. Di Grassi could only manage a couple of installation laps whilst Glock was able to coax his car to a 2:03.680, about seven seconds behind the fastest time. In Qualifying, di Grassi was able to head the two <a href="/wiki/HRT_Formula_1_Team" title="HRT Formula 1 Team">Hispanias</a> by just under three seconds with a 2:00.587, two tenths behind Lotus’ <a href="/wiki/Heikki_Kovalainen" title="Heikki Kovalainen">Heikki Kovalainen</a>, who qualified 21st. Glock took an impressive 19th, pipping <a href="/wiki/Jarno_Trulli" title="Jarno Trulli">Jarno Trulli</a> in the other Lotus to be the highest placed driver of the new teams. However the race did not go well, with di Grassi retiring on lap 3 due to a hydraulic issue while Glock lost both 3rd and 5th gears, ultimately retiring. Although the VR-01 seemed quicker, both <a href="/wiki/Lotus_T127" title="Lotus T127">Lotus T127s</a> were classified in the race, the only one of the new teams to achieve this. John Booth commented, "Everything connected with the hydraulics was such high pressure that the smallest impurity, crack or fault was a car stopper because it controls four or five major components," </p><p>It had been reported by <i><a href="/wiki/Auto,_Motor_und_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto, Motor und Sport">Auto, Motor und Sport</a></i> that the VR-01's fuel tank was too small for the car to finish a race, and that the team applied to the FIA in order to obtain permission to modify the chassis to accommodate a larger tank.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was later clarified to mean that the car would struggle to complete races with a heavy rate of fuel consumption. </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Australian Grand Prix">Australian Grand Prix</a>, Virgin Racing were granted permission from the FIA to change the size of their car's fuel tanks because their capacity was not large enough for their drivers to complete a Grand Prix at full speed. The revised chassis, with a longer underbody, engine cover and other bodywork changes, was expected to be introduced at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Spanish Grand Prix">Spanish Grand Prix</a>. Both cars started from the pit lane after replacing the fuel collectors on their cars when issues in qualifying forced them to run with more fuel than would be ideal<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On lap 5, Schumacher attempted to pass di Grassi for 19th position but di Grassi managed to retake the position from Schumacher by driving around the outside of Ascari corner, but Schumacher got ahead of di Grassi on the pit straight. Di Grassi drove to his garage to retire with an issue with his car's hydraulics on lap 29,<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while on the 45th lap, Glock made a pit stop and his mechanics retired him from the race because a camber shim on his car was loose and it caused the left rear suspension to move around.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin had yet to finish a race, while Hispania scooped up a 14th, which would become costly for Virgin at the end of the season. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2010_Malaysian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Malaysian Grand Prix">Malaysia</a>, di Grassi overtook rivals Lotus and Hispania to finish 14th. It was Virgin and di Grassi's first ever finish in Formula One, albeit on fuel conservation mode.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin's solution to their problem of a small fuel tank was to bring a longer chassis to the <a href="/wiki/2010_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Spanish Grand Prix">Spanish Grand Prix</a>, which would accommodate a larger fuel tank and a brand-new fuel feed system that would allow them to run as light as possible during qualifying. The VR-01 was also given a "shark fin" engine cowling. However, owing to the <a href="/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull" title="2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull">2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> that had disrupted air travel across Europe, only one of the newly developed chassis was able to make it to Barcelona, to be used by Glock. In practice, Virgin were given a penalty after the team failed to notify the FIA of changes to their gear ratios before the deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glock and di Grassi qualified 22nd and 23rd, and Virgin scored their first ever double finish with 18th and 19th, the last of the finishers, although di Grassi battled with car setup and was the last driver to finish the race. </p><p>Virgin finally brought a big update to the car for the <a href="/wiki/2010_British_Grand_Prix" title="2010 British Grand Prix">Britain</a>. They qualified ahead of both Hispanias and split the Lotuses. However, di Grassi retired with hydraulic failure on lap 9. Glock had a simple race and was within sight of the Lotuses when he crossed the finish line, ahead of both Hispanias<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di Grassi had impressed the Virgin engineers with his feedback but John Booth had not been satisfied with his pace against Glock and scouted an alternative driver. This resulted in Booth coming into contact with Belgian driver <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D’Ambrosio became the new Virgin reserve driver, and was handed di Grassi's car in the first <a href="/wiki/2010_Singapore_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Singapore Grand Prix">Singapore</a> practice session. D’Ambrosio ended the session just over 0.2 seconds behind Glock<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Japanese Grand Prix, di Grassi out-qualified Glock, but had a heavy accident on the way to the grid. He left the track at the entrance to 130R, fishtailing wildly, spinning out across the run-off area and hitting the wall. Glock, on the other hand, finished a strong 14th, ahead of both Hispanias but behind both Lotuses. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2010_Korean_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Korean Grand Prix">South Korea</a>, di Grassi lost control of his car while trying to overtake the Hispania of <a href="/wiki/Sakon_Yamamoto" title="Sakon Yamamoto">Sakon Yamamoto</a> and crashed into the barriers on the 26th lap. Glock was heading for 12th place after starting in 20th in very wet conditions. This 12th place would have brought Virgin up to 10th in the constructors' championship, since none of the other two new teams had finished that high. On lap thirty-one, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Buemi" title="Sébastien Buemi">Sébastien Buemi</a> tried to pass Glock on the outside heading into turn 3 but lost control of his car under braking and rammed into the side of Glock.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glock drove back to his pit box where his mechanics examined his car for damage and decided to retire him from the race.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ruined Virgin's chances of finishing 10th in the constructors’ championship. </p><p>In November 2010, Bernie Ecclestone said of the three new teams "They do nothing for us, they are an embarrassment. We need to get rid of a few of those cripples." He also said "Richard [Branson] should put some money in there shouldn't he? He could do what Dietrich (<a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Mateschitz" title="Dietrich Mateschitz">Mateschitz</a>, owner of <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a>) has done and put some money in". John Booth said that it was unfair to suggest Branson should put more money into the team, saying how "he was very brave joining a start-up operation that might have gone horribly wrong and he's been supportive throughout and brought us new backers".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the season-ending <a href="/wiki/2010_Abu_Dhabi_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix">Abu Dhabi Grand Prix</a>, di Grassi commented "We had to do more than 50 laps with the same set of tyres, which seemed like a difficult task, but we managed it. I am ending the year with a feeling of ‘mission accomplished’”. Hispania managed to pick up some 15th places in Singapore and <a href="/wiki/2010_Japanese_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Japanese Grand Prix">Japan</a>, and along with Virgin's unreliability at the start and not finishing 12th in Korea meant Hispania finished ahead of them in the constructors championship, despite having a slower car.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 December 2009, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Fernandes" title="Tony Fernandes">Tony Fernandes</a>, owner of <a href="/wiki/AirAsia" title="AirAsia">Air Asia</a> and the Lotus team accepted a "challenge" from Richard Branson. The losing team's boss would work on the winner's airline for a day dressed as a stewardess. Fernandes won the bet. He later joked "The sexier the better. Our passengers will be delighted to be served by a Knight of the Realm, but knowing Richard, the real challenge will be to prevent him from asking our guests 'coffee, tea or me?' That would be scary."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the team produced a poster depicting Branson in an Air Asia uniform. However, the date of the flight was delayed several times: first because of Branson breaking his leg, then because of the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_William_and_Catherine_Middleton" title="Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton">2011 royal wedding</a>, finally because of a fire at Branson's home on <a href="/wiki/Necker_Island_(British_Virgin_Islands)" title="Necker Island (British Virgin Islands)">Necker Island</a>. Branson ultimately honoured the bet on 13 May 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On 11 November 2010, Marussia acquired a controlling stake in the team and guaranteed the team's future until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-MVR_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVR-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MVR2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVR2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marussia engineering director <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Fomenko" title="Nikolai Fomenko">Nikolai Fomenko</a> stated that the team would race with a Russian licence in <a href="/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2011 Formula One World Championship">2011</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the second Russian team in the sport after <a href="/wiki/Midland_F1_Racing" title="Midland F1 Racing">Midland</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Director Nick Wirth announced that it was a major financial boost for the team and that it will allow it to promote Formula One in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MVR2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVR2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team also announced that their CFD facility would be upgraded, to become the third largest such facility in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marussiavirginracing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Marussiavirginracing.png/190px-Marussiavirginracing.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Marussiavirginracing.png/285px-Marussiavirginracing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Marussiavirginracing.png/380px-Marussiavirginracing.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="223" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Marussia_Motors" title="Marussia Motors">Marussia</a> sponsored team logo used during the <a href="/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2011 Formula One World Championship">2011</a> season.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011_season">2011 season</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2011 season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Virgin_MVR-02" title="Virgin MVR-02">Virgin MVR-02</a> followed the VR-01's design principle of exclusively using CFD instead of the more traditional <a href="/wiki/Windtunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Windtunnel">windtunnel</a> approach. The car did not use <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_Energy_Recovery_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinetic Energy Recovery System">KERS</a>; chief designer Wirth commented that the gains offered by the system did not justify the expense in developing it. Instead, the team concentrated on improving the car's hydraulics and gearbox, both of which had been the frequent source of problems in 2010. After being forced to re-design the VR-01 when it was discovered the fuel tank was not large enough to finish races with a high fuel consumption, the MVR-02 was designed to be the same length as the original VR-01 chassis whilst retaining the full-size fuel tank. The air intake on the front of the nose was designed to resemble the one on Marussia's road car, the Marussia B2. </p><p>Having previously driven for the team during Friday practice sessions at selected events in <a href="/wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2010 Formula One World Championship">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a> replaced Lucas di Grassi in the team's second seat alongside Timo Glock for the <a href="/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2011 Formula One World Championship">2011</a> season.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin first entered the MVR-02 at the <a href="/wiki/2011_Australian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Australian Grand Prix">2011 Australian Grand Prix</a>. The car was performing poorly due to the condition of the track and speculation rose up that Virgin was not going to be able to race. But Glock and d'Ambrosio qualified, at the rear of the grid. Early in the race, Glock was forced to make a lengthy stop in the garage due to a mechanical failure. As a result, Glock completed less than 90% of the race distance and although the car was running at the end of the race he was not classified in the standings. D'Ambrosio finished 16th on the track, but the disqualification of both <a href="/wiki/Sauber" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauber">Sauber</a> cars bumped him up to 14th. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2011_Malaysian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Malaysian Grand Prix">Malaysian Grand Prix</a>, Virgin yet again qualified at the back of the grid, and d'Ambrosio retired due to electronic problems. Glock finished 16th, his first classified finish of the season. </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Turkish Grand Prix">Turkish Grand Prix</a> the team applied their first upgrade to the car. Glock was given an "extreme" update, while d'Ambrosio had to wait until the <a href="/wiki/2011_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Spanish Grand Prix">Spanish Grand Prix</a>. Despite this, d'Ambrosio was faster than Glock for the whole weekend. Glock's pit crew noticed a mechanical fault and set to correct it. However, the repair proved so drawn out that Glock ended up not racing. D'Ambrosio finished 20th. </p><p>In June 2011, the team announced that they had ended their relationship with technical partner Wirth and his company, Wirth Research, who designed their 2010 and 2011 cars. This came after a lengthy internal review led by former <a href="/wiki/Renault_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault F1">Renault</a> engineering director <a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a> found that the team's CFD-only approach had not yielded the expected results. They soon entered a partnership with <a href="/wiki/McLaren_Applied_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="McLaren Applied Technologies">McLaren Applied Technologies</a> ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2012 Formula One World Championship">2012</a> season. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2011_German_Grand_Prix" title="2011 German Grand Prix">Germany</a> the two cars qualified 20th and 22nd on the grid, with Glock ahead of d'Ambrosio. Glock commented to his engineers on the radio that they were making it "difficult for him". Glock later tried to cover up his comments by saying they were meant in a joking way. Glock announced the following day that he would be staying with the team until <a href="/wiki/2014_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2014 Formula One World Championship">2014</a>. The two cars finished the race in the same order, but in 17th and 18th places. The MVR-02s sandwiched the HRTs in <a href="/wiki/2011_Hungarian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Hungarian Grand Prix">Hungary</a>, having qualified in 21st and 24th places. Glock finished the race of mixed weather conditions 17th with d'Ambrosio 19th. </p><p>Despite out-qualifying and out-racing HRT, the <a href="/wiki/2011_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Italian Grand Prix">Italian Grand Prix</a> was quite disappointing for the MVR-02. Qualifying on the penultimate row, d'Ambrosio suffered a gearbox failure on lap 1, and although Glock managed one of the team's best results of the year with a 15th-place finish, this was last of the finishing cars.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the first ever <a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Indian Grand Prix">Indian Grand Prix</a>, the cars set the two slowest times in qualifying, with d'Ambrosio the faster of the two teammates inside the 107% rule time, and Glock nearly two seconds outside of it. Glock was allowed to start the race because he set competitive times in practice. The two HRT cars were given penalties, so the cars started on the penultimate row instead. The race was short-lived for Glock, who retired after just two laps after being run into by <a href="/wiki/Kamui_Kobayashi" title="Kamui Kobayashi">Kamui Kobayashi</a>. D'Ambrosio finished 16th, ahead of the two HRTs and Jarno Trulli.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2011, Virgin applied to the Formula One commission to formally change their constructor name for 2012 from Virgin to Marussia, to reflect their new ownership. Permission was granted before being formally ratified at a meeting of the FIA <a href="/wiki/World_Motor_Sport_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="World Motor Sport Council">World Motor Sport Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 December 2011, Marussia Virgin Racing announced they were now called <a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia F1 Team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin announced that they would be staying with the team, its logos would feature on the 2012 car.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 29 September 2011, Marussia already had a 60% scale model of their 2012 car ready for use in the <a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a> wind tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team received its first parts for the car in December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sponsorship">Sponsorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sponsorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VR01_in_UST_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/VR01_in_UST_office.jpg/220px-VR01_in_UST_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/VR01_in_UST_office.jpg/330px-VR01_in_UST_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/VR01_in_UST_office.jpg/440px-VR01_in_UST_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Virgin_VR-01" title="Virgin VR-01">VR-01</a> on display in partner <a href="/wiki/UST_Global" class="mw-redirect" title="UST Global">UST Global</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum">Trivandrum</a> office.</figcaption></figure> <p>Virgin purchased 20% of the team, as part of sponsorship arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official FIA entry list for 2010 announced on 30 November 2009 showed that Manor GP had been entered as Virgin Racing.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team's partners for 2010 include tyre supplier <a href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</a>, IT services company <a href="/wiki/UST_Global" class="mw-redirect" title="UST Global">UST Global</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> environmental technology company Carbon Green, shampoo brand <a href="/wiki/Clear_(shampoo)" title="Clear (shampoo)">Clear</a>, information technology firm <a href="/wiki/Computer_Sciences_Corporation" title="Computer Sciences Corporation">CSC</a>, foreign exchange traders <a href="/wiki/FxPro" title="FxPro">FxPro</a>, clothing company <a href="/wiki/Kappa_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kappa (company)">Kappa</a>, the Oxygen investment group and Russian sports car manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Marussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marussia">Marussia</a>. On 13 January 2010, reports emerged revealing that Virgin had paid an extra £1.5 million to <a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a> to have the CA2010 unit rebranded as a Marussia, though both Virgin Racing and Cosworth have denied the story.<sup id="cite_ref-Virgin_Marussia_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Virgin_Marussia-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 December 2009, <a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Banking_Group" title="Lloyds Banking Group">Lloyds Banking Group</a> announced that it had invested £10 million in the team,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reversing the recent trend of financial institutions such as <a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">RBS</a> withdrawing sponsorship. On 7 May 2010, Virgin Racing announced that it had reached a sponsorship deal with <a href="/wiki/Full_Tilt_Poker" title="Full Tilt Poker">Full Tilt Poker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the team was formed, it had been in a partnership with Russian car manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Marussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marussia">Marussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/QNet" class="mw-redirect" title="QNet">QNet</a> since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-marussiaf1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marussiaf1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-themalaysian_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themalaysian-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 November 2010, Marussia acquired a controlling stake in the team and guaranteed the team's future until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-MVR_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVR-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MVR2_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVR2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marussia engineering director <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Fomenko" title="Nikolai Fomenko">Nikolai Fomenko</a> has stated that the team would race with a Russian licence in <a href="/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2011 Formula One World Championship">2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Director <a href="/wiki/Nick_Wirth" title="Nick Wirth">Nick Wirth</a> announced that it was a major financial boost for the team and that it will allow it to promote Formula One in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-MVR2_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVR2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team also announced that their <a href="/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics" title="Computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a> (CFD) facility would be upgraded, to become the third largest such facility in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having previously driven for the team during Friday practice sessions at selected events in <a href="/wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2010 Formula One World Championship">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a> replaced Lucas di Grassi in the team's second seat alongside Timo Glock for the <a href="/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2011 Formula One World Championship">2011</a> season.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a disappointing start to the season, the team ended its partnership with Wirth Research. The team retained <a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a> as a technical consultant, though he could not be employed directly until his ban expired over his role in the <a href="/wiki/Renault_Formula_One_crash_controversy" title="Renault Formula One crash controversy">2008 Singapore Grand Prix race fixing</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/2013_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2013 Formula One World Championship">2013</a> season. The team has abandoned using CFD as its sole R&D tool and signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a> to use their technical facilities, simulators and wind tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complete_Formula_One_results">Complete Formula One results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Racing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Complete Formula One results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Template:F1_driver_results_legend_2" title="Template:F1 driver results legend 2">key</a>) (results in <b>bold</b> indicate pole position; races in <i>italics</i> indicate fastest lap) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Chassis </th> <th>Engine </th> <th>Tyres </th> <th>Drivers </th> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>12 </th> <th>13 </th> <th>14 </th> <th>15 </th> <th>16 </th> <th>17 </th> <th>18 </th> <th>19 </th> <th>Points </th> <th>WCC </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2010 Formula One World Championship">2010</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_VR-01" title="Virgin VR-01">VR-01</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a> CA2010 2.4 <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:white; background-color:#f90000;">B</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Bahrain_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Bahrain Grand Prix">BHR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Australian Grand Prix">AUS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Malaysian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Malaysian Grand Prix">MAL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Chinese_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Chinese Grand Prix">CHN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Spanish Grand Prix">ESP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Turkish_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Turkish Grand Prix">TUR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_European_Grand_Prix" title="2010 European Grand Prix">EUR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_British_Grand_Prix" title="2010 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_German_Grand_Prix" title="2010 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Hungarian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Hungarian Grand Prix">HUN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Singapore_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Singapore Grand Prix">SIN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Japanese_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Japanese Grand Prix">JPN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Korean_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Korean Grand Prix">KOR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Abu_Dhabi_Grand_Prix" title="2010 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix">ABU</a> </td> <th rowspan="3">0 </th> <th rowspan="3">12th </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;">DNS </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">16 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">14 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">20 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lucas_di_Grassi" title="Lucas di Grassi">Lucas di Grassi</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">14 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">20<sup>†</sup> </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">15 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;">DNS </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">NC </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2011 Formula One World Championship">2011</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_MVR-02" title="Virgin MVR-02">MVR-02</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a> CA2011 2.4 <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#dd0029; background-color:#fee100;">P</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Australian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Australian Grand Prix">AUS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Malaysian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Malaysian Grand Prix">MAL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Chinese_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Chinese Grand Prix">CHN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Turkish Grand Prix">TUR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Spanish Grand Prix">ESP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_European_Grand_Prix" title="2011 European Grand Prix">EUR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_British_Grand_Prix" title="2011 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_German_Grand_Prix" title="2011 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Hungarian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Hungarian Grand Prix">HUN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Singapore Grand Prix">SIN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Japanese_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Japanese Grand Prix">JPN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Korean_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Korean Grand Prix">KOR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Indian Grand Prix">IND</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Abu_Dhabi_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix">ABU</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <th rowspan="3">0 </th> <th rowspan="3">12th </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a> </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">NC </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">16 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">21 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;">DNS </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">15 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">21 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">16 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">15 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">20 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">14 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">20 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">20 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">20 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">15 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">14 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">22 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">21 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">20 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">16 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">19 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26">Sources:<sup id="cite_ref-MotorsportStats_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotorsportStats-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><sup>†</sup> – The driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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href="/wiki/Chris_Amon_Racing" title="Chris Amon Racing">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Moda_Formula" title="Andrea Moda Formula">Andrea Moda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollon_(Formula_One)" title="Apollon (Formula One)">Apollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International" title="Arrows Grand Prix International">Arrows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_results" title="Arrows Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzani-Volpini" title="Arzani-Volpini">Arzani-Volpini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Butterworth" title="Aston Butterworth">Aston-Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Turismo_e_Sport" title="Automobili Turismo e Sport">ATS (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATS_Wheels" title="ATS Wheels">ATS (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_American_Racing" title="British American Racing">BAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behra-Porsche" title="Behra-Porsche">Behra-Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellasi" title="Bellasi">Bellasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benetton_Formula" title="Benetton Formula">Benetton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Benetton_Grand_Prix_results" title="Benetton Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One" title="BMW in Formula One">BMW</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_Grand_Prix_results" title="BMW Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_(Formula_One)" title="Boro (Formula One)">Boro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabham" title="Brabham">Brabham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brabham_Grand_Prix_results" title="Brabham Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brawn_GP" title="Brawn GP">Brawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Racing_Motors" title="British Racing Motors">BRM</a> (<a href="/wiki/BRM_Grand_Prix_results" title="BRM Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Racing_Partnership" title="British Racing Partnership">BRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Grand_Prix_results" title="Bugatti Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_F1" title="Caterham F1">Caterham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisitalia" title="Cisitalia">Cisitalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Coloni" title="Scuderia Coloni">Coloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaught_Engineering" title="Connaught Engineering">Connaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connew" title="Connew">Connew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Car_Company" title="Cooper Car Company">Cooper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cooper_Grand_Prix_results" title="Cooper Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallara" title="Dallara">Dallara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Tomaso" title="De Tomaso">De Tomaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrington-Francis" title="Derrington-Francis">Derrington-Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Racers" title="All American Racers">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eifelland" title="Eifelland">Eifelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeryson" title="Emeryson">Emeryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">EMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89curie_Nationale_Belge" title="Écurie Nationale Belge">ENB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_Racing" title="Ensign Racing">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Racing_Automobiles" title="English Racing Automobiles">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroBrun" title="EuroBrun">EuroBrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Research" title="Ferguson Research">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fittipaldi_Automotive" title="Fittipaldi Automotive">Fittipaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondmetal" title="Fondmetal">Fondmetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_Arrows" title="Footwork Arrows">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_India" title="Force India">Force India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Force_India_Grand_Prix_results" title="Force India Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Point_Force_India" title="Racing Point Force India">Force India (Racing Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forti" title="Forti">Forti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forti_racing_record" title="Forti racing record">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_Nash" title="Frazer Nash">Frazer Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_(racing_team)" title="Fry (racing team)">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilby_Engineering" title="Gilby Engineering">Gilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordini" title="Gordini">Gordini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Greifzu" title="Paul Greifzu">Greifzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesketh_Racing" title="Hesketh Racing">Hesketh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Hill" title="Embassy Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One" title="Honda in Formula One">Honda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Honda_Grand_Prix_results" title="Honda Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRT_Formula_1_Team" title="HRT Formula 1 Team">HRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersham_and_Walton_Motors" title="Hersham and Walton Motors">HWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Racing" title="Jaguar Racing">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBW" title="JBW">JBW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix" title="Jordan Grand Prix">Jordan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix_results" title="Jordan Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauhsen" title="Kauhsen">Kauhsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klenk" title="Klenk">Klenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kojima_Engineering" title="Kojima Engineering">Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtis_Kraft" title="Kurtis Kraft">Kurtis Kraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Lancia" title="Scuderia Lancia">Lancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrousse" title="Larrousse">Larrousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDS_(automobile)" title="LDS (automobile)">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEC_Refrigeration_Racing" title="LEC Refrigeration Racing">LEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyton_House_Racing" title="Leyton House Racing">Leyton House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Racing_Engines" title="Life Racing Engines">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quipe_Ligier" title="Équipe Ligier">Ligier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Cars" title="Lola Cars">Lola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_Lola" title="Haas Lola">Lola (Haas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MasterCard_Lola" title="MasterCard Lola">Lola (MasterCard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus" title="Team Lotus">Lotus (1958–1994)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lotus_Grand_Prix_results" title="Lotus Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus_(2010%E2%80%932011)" title="Team Lotus (2010–2011)">Lotus (2010–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_F1" title="Lotus F1">Lotus (2012–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyncar" title="Lyncar">Lyncar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maki_Engineering" title="Maki Engineering">Maki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Engineering" title="March Engineering">March</a> (<a href="/wiki/March_Grand_Prix_results" title="March Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobiles_Martini" title="Automobiles Martini">Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maserati_in_motorsport" title="Maserati in motorsport">Maserati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maserati_Grand_Prix_results" title="Maserati Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipe_Matra_Sports" title="Equipe Matra Sports">Matra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBM_(automobile)" title="MBM (automobile)">MBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGuire_(Formula_One)" title="McGuire (Formula One)">McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merzario" title="Merzario">Merzario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_F1_Racing" title="Midland F1 Racing">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Milano" title="Scuderia Milano">Milano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minardi" title="Minardi">Minardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena_(racing_team)" title="Modena (racing team)">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_Racing" title="Manor Racing">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Grand_Prix" title="Onyx Grand Prix">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.S.C.A." title="O.S.C.A.">OSCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osella" title="Osella">Osella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Racing" title="Pacific Racing">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing" title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing">Parnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Penske" title="Team Penske">Penske</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penske_Grand_Prix_results" title="Penske Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_in_motorsport" title="Porsche in motorsport">Porsche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Grand_Prix_results" title="Porsche Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prost_Grand_Prix" title="Prost Grand Prix">Prost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protos_(constructor)" title="Protos (constructor)">Protos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Point_F1_Team" title="Racing Point F1 Team">Racing Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Racing" title="RAM Racing">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpha" title="Realpha">Realpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebaque" title="Rebaque">Rebaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One" title="Renault in Formula One">Renault</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renault_Grand_Prix_results" title="Renault Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynard_Motorsport" title="Reynard Motorsport">Reynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rial_Racing" title="Rial Racing">Rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(constructor)" title="Scarab (constructor)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scirocco-Powell" title="Scirocco-Powell">Scirocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Racing_Cars" title="Shadow Racing Cars">Shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Racing_Cars" title="Shannon Racing Cars">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simtek" title="Simtek">Simtek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Racing" title="Spirit Racing">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyker_F1" title="Spyker F1">Spyker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stebro" title="Stebro">Stebro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Grand_Prix" title="Stewart Grand Prix">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Aguri_F1" title="Super Aguri F1">Super Aguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtees_Racing_Organisation" title="Surtees Racing Organisation">Surtees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_Valdostana_Automobili" title="Società Valdostana Automobili">SVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot-Lago" title="Talbot-Lago">Talbot-Lago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tec-Mec" title="Tec-Mec">Tec-Mec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_(motorsport)" title="Tecno (motorsport)">Tecno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Racing" title="Theodore Racing">Theodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Toro_Rosso" title="Scuderia Toro Rosso">Toro Rosso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toro_Rosso_Grand_Prix_results" title="Toro Rosso Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_Racing" title="Token Racing">Token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman">Toleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_in_Formula_One" title="Toyota in Formula One">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan%E2%80%93Tauranac_Racing" title="Trojan–Tauranac Racing">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Racing" title="Tyrrell Racing">Tyrrell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Grand_Prix_results" title="Tyrrell Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanwall" title="Vanwall">Vanwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)" title="Veritas (automobile)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Williams_Racing_Cars" title="Frank Williams Racing Cars">Williams (FWRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wolf_Racing" title="Walter Wolf Racing">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakspeed" title="Zakspeed">Zakspeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_in_Formula_One" title="Audi in Formula One">Audi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_F1" title="Bravo F1">Bravo F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_in_Formula_One" title="Cadillac in Formula One">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMS" title="DAMS">DAMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direxiv" title="Direxiv">Direxiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(constructor)" title="Dome (constructor)">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Racing" title="First Racing">FIRST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitech_Grand_Prix#Formula_One" title="Hitech Grand Prix">Hitech GP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Finance" title="Phoenix Finance">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodrive_F1" title="Prodrive F1">Prodrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Grand_Prix" title="Stefan Grand Prix">Stefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_F1_Team" title="US F1 Team">US F1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">Although World Championship races held in 1952 and 1953 were run to Formula Two regulations, constructors who only participated during this period are included herein to maintain Championship continuity.<br />Constructors whose only participation in the World Championship was in the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> races between 1950 and 1960 are not listed.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Virgin_Racing/Marussia_Virgin_Racing_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia371" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF3D21; color:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgin_Racing" title="Template:Virgin Racing"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virgin_Racing" title="Template talk:Virgin Racing"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin_Racing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin Racing"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Virgin_Racing/Marussia_Virgin_Racing_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Virgin Racing/Marussia Virgin Racing</span></a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Notable personnel</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Booth_(auto_racing)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Booth (auto racing)">John Booth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Fomenko" title="Nikolai Fomenko">Nikolai Fomenko</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Lowdon" title="Graeme Lowdon">Graeme Lowdon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_O%27Neill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave O'Neill (page does not exist)">Dave O'Neill</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alex_Tai" title="Alex Tai">Alex Tai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Taylor_(Formula_One)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rob Taylor (Formula One) (page does not exist)">Rob Taylor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Etienne_de_Villiers" title="Etienne de Villiers">Etienne de Villiers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Wirth" title="Nick Wirth">Nick Wirth</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Notable drivers</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lucas_di_Grassi" title="Lucas di Grassi">Lucas di Grassi</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Timo_Glock" title="Timo Glock">Timo Glock</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> cars</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_VR-01" title="Virgin VR-01">VR-01</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_MVR-02" title="Virgin MVR-02">MVR-02</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manor_Motorsport" title="Manor Motorsport">Manor Motorsport</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marussia_Motors" title="Marussia Motors">Marussia Motors</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virgin_Group556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E4181E; color: white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgin_Group" title="Template:Virgin Group"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virgin_Group" title="Template talk:Virgin Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin Group"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virgin_Group556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Virgin Group</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">Assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Active" title="Virgin Active">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Balloon_Flights" title="Virgin Balloon Flights">Balloon Flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Experience_Days" title="Virgin Experience Days">Experience Days</a></li> <li>Red</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Voucher" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Voucher">Voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Wines" title="Virgin Wines">Wines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Travel /<br />transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic_Holidays" title="Virgin Atlantic Holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels" title="Virgin Hotels">Hotels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels_Chicago" title="Virgin Hotels Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels_Las_Vegas" title="Virgin Hotels Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Limited_Edition" title="Virgin Limited Edition">Limited Edition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natirar" title="Natirar">Natirar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necker_Island_(British_Virgin_Islands)" title="Necker Island (British Virgin Islands)">Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Roof_Gardens" title="Kensington Roof Gardens">Roof Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulusaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusaba">Ulusaba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia_Holdings" title="Virgin Australia Holdings">Virgin Australia Holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia_Regional_Airlines" title="Virgin Australia Regional Airlines">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Oceanic" title="Virgin Oceanic">Oceanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Voyages" title="Virgin Voyages">Voyages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Megastores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Music_Group" title="Virgin Music Group">Virgin Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Records" title="Caroline Records">Caroline Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_Records" title="V2 Records">V2 Records</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_(brand)" title="Virgin Money (brand)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Money</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_UK" title="Virgin Money UK">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_Australia" title="Virgin Money Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Media</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Connect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2 UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Ireland" title="Virgin Media Ireland">Virgin Media Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Television_(Ireland)" title="Virgin Media Television (Ireland)">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile" title="Virgin Mobile">Virgin Mobile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Chile" title="Virgin Mobile Chile">Chile</a></li> <li>Ireland</li> <li>Kuwait</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Polska" title="Virgin Mobile Polska">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Saudi_Arabia" title="Virgin Mobile Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Plus" title="Virgin Plus">Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio" title="Virgin Radio"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Radio</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">UK</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CJCH-FM" title="CJCH-FM">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJFM-FM" title="CJFM-FM">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKFM-FM" title="CKFM-FM">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFCA-FM" title="CFCA-FM">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIQM-FM" title="CIQM-FM">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDR-FM" title="CIDR-FM">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKMM-FM" title="CKMM-FM">Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFMG-FM" title="CFMG-FM">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIBK-FM" title="CIBK-FM">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHSU-FM" title="CHSU-FM">Kelowna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFBT-FM" title="CFBT-FM">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHBE-FM" title="CHBE-FM">Victoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Italia" title="Virgin Radio Italia">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Dubai" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Dubai">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Lebanon" title="Virgin Radio Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Romania" title="Virgin Radio Romania">Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_America" title="Virgin America">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Brides" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Brides">Brides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cars" title="Virgin Cars">Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Care" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Care">Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cinemas" title="Virgin Cinemas">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Comics" title="Liquid Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Airways" title="Connect Airways">Connect Airways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flybe_(1979-2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flybe (1979-2020)">Flybe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigerair_Australia" title="Tigerair Australia">Tigerair Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Digital" title="Virgin Digital">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Digital_Help" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Digital Help">Digital Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Drinks" title="Virgin Drinks">Drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cola" title="Virgin Cola">Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Vodka" title="Virgin Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Electronics">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_EMI_Records" title="Virgin EMI Records">Virgin EMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Express" title="Virgin Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Festival_(Australia)" title="V Festival (Australia)">Festival (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Festival" title="V Festival">Festival (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Festival" title="Virgin Festival">Festival (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Films" title="Virgin Films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Gaming">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Green_Fund" title="Virgin Green Fund">Green Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Health_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Health Bank">Health Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_(nightclub)" title="Heaven (nightclub)">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hyperloop" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Interactive">Interactive</a></li> <li>Limobike</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Limousines" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Limousines">Limousines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic_Little_Red" title="Virgin Atlantic Little Red">Little Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores_UK" title="Virgin Megastores UK">Megastores (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Media Television (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile Australia"> Mobile (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_France" title="Virgin Mobile France">Mobile (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile India">Mobile (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_South_Africa" title="Virgin Mobile South Africa"> Mobile (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Mobile (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_USA" title="Virgin Mobile USA">Mobile (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Money South Africa">Money (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_US" title="Virgin Money US">Money (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Music" title="Virgin Music">Virgin Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Nigeria" title="Air Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnata_UK" title="Dnata UK">Plane Handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Play" title="Virgin Play">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Produced" title="Virgin Produced">Produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Virgin" title="Radio Free Virgin">Radio Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rock" title="Northern Rock">Northern Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C3%BCi_FM" title="Oüi FM">Oüi FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS_Virgin_Racing" class="mw-redirect" title="DS Virgin Racing">Racing (Electric)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Racing (F1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Jakarta">Radio (Jakarta)</a></li> <li>Radio (Jordan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKQB-FM" title="CKQB-FM">Radio (Ottawa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio">Radio (UK)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Classic Rock">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Groove" title="Virgin Radio Groove">Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Xtreme" title="Absolute Xtreme">Xtreme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Virgin Radio France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Samoa" title="Virgin Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Sun_Airlines" title="Virgin Sun Airlines">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trainline" title="Trainline">Trainline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_(brand)" title="Virgin Trains (brand)">Trains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_CrossCountry" title="Virgin CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_East_Coast" title="Virgin Trains East Coast">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_ExpressCoach" title="Virgin Trains ExpressCoach">ExpressCoach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_(open_access_operator)" title="Virgin Trains (open access operator)">Open Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightline" title="Brightline">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_West_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Trains West Coast">West Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_City_Direct" title="Travel City Direct">Travel City Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Vacations" title="Virgin Vacations">Vacations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Australia" title="V Australia">V Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie_at_Home" title="Vie at Home">Vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin.net" title="Virgin.net">Virgin.net</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Clarke-Willson" title="Stephen Clarke-Willson">Stephen Clarke-Willson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nik_Powell" title="Nik Powell">Nik Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ridgway" title="Steve Ridgway">Steve Ridgway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Tricks_(scandal)" title="Dirty Tricks (scandal)">"Dirty tricks" campaign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Virginity" title="Losing My Virginity">Losing My Virginity</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Richard_Branson%27s_business_ventures" title="Timeline of Richard Branson's business ventures">Timeline of Richard Branson's business ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Unite" title="Virgin Unite">Unite <span style="font-size:85%;">(charity)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Earth_Challenge" title="Virgin Earth Challenge">Virgin Earth Challenge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #E4181E; color: white"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Virgin_Group" title="Category:Virgin Group"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Category</b></span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virgin_Group" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virgin Group"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Commons</b></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom650" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom650" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Automotive industry in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Companies and<br /><a href="/wiki/Marque" class="mw-redirect" title="Marque">marques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Commercialvehicleproducers457" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Commercial<br />vehicle<br />producers</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dennis" title="Alexander Dennis">Alexander Dennis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaxton" title="Plaxton">Plaxton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrival_(company)" title="Arrival (company)">Arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEDEO" title="BEDEO">BEDEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eagle" title="Dennis Eagle">Dennis Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBC_Vehicles" title="IBC Vehicles">IBC Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCB_(heavy_equipment_manufacturer)" title="JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)">JCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Trucks" title="Leyland Trucks">Leyland Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWD_Trucks" title="AWD Trucks">Multidrive Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Electric_Vehicle_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Electric Vehicle Company">London Electric Vehicle Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellor_Coachcraft" title="Mellor Coachcraft">Mellor Coachcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optare" class="mw-redirect" title="Optare">Optare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REE_Automotive" title="REE Automotive">REE Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrightbus" title="Wrightbus">Wrightbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Equipment_Company" title="Associated Equipment Company">AEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Motors" title="Albion Motors">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Chassis_Engineering" title="Alternative Chassis Engineering">Alternative Chassis Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aveling-Barford" title="Aveling-Barford">Aveling-Barford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWD_Trucks" title="AWD Trucks">AWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Vehicles" title="Bedford Vehicles">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Bristol Commercial Vehicles">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_United_Traction" title="British United Traction">British United Traction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Works" title="Carlyle Works">Carlyle Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H_Roe" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H Roe">Charles H Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clough,_Smith" title="Clough, Smith">Clough, Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commer" title="Commer">Commer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Specialist_Vehicles" title="Dennis Specialist Vehicles">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duple_Coachbuilders" title="Duple Coachbuilders">Duple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lancashire_Coachbuilders" title="East Lancashire Coachbuilders">East Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coach_Works" title="Eastern Coach Works">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERF_(truck_manufacturer)" title="ERF (truck manufacturer)">ERF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foden_Trucks" title="Foden Trucks">Foden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Southampton_plant" title="Ford Southampton plant">Southampton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Motors" title="Guy Motors">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_UK_Manufacturing" title="Honda UK Manufacturing">Honda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_%26_E_Hall" title="J & E Hall">Hallford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrier" title="Karrier">Karrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDV_Group" title="LDV Group">LDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Bus" title="Leyland Bus">Leyland Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_DAF" title="Leyland DAF">Leyland DAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Taxi_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Taxi Company">London Taxi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwell_Green_Coachworks" title="Longwell Green Coachworks">Longwell Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Bus" title="Marshall Bus">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudslay_Motor_Company" title="Maudslay Motor Company">Maudslay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Cammell_Weymann" title="Metro Cammell Weymann">Metro Cammell Weymann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison-Electricar" title="Morrison-Electricar">Morrison-Electricar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Counties_Motor_%26_Engineering_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company">Northern Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Royal_Vehicles" title="Park Royal Vehicles">Park Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeve_Burgess" title="Reeve Burgess">Reeve Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scammell" class="mw-redirect" title="Scammell">Scammell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seddon_Atkinson" title="Seddon Atkinson">Seddon Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Waggon_Works" title="Sentinel Waggon Works">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelvoke_%26_Drewry" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelvoke & Drewry">Shelvoke & Drewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Electric_Vehicles" title="Smith Electric Vehicles">Smith EV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Vehicles" title="Stevens Vehicles">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straker-Squire" title="Straker-Squire">Straker-Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornycroft" title="Thornycroft">Thornycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilling-Stevens" title="Tilling-Stevens">Tilling-Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadham_Stringer" title="Wadham Stringer">Wadham Stringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_%26_Edwards" title="Wales & Edwards">Wales & Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alexander_Coachbuilders" title="Walter Alexander Coachbuilders">Walter Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowbrook_(bus_manufacturer)" title="Willowbrook (bus manufacturer)">Willowbrook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Motorsport in the United Kingdom">Motorsport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Engine_Research" title="Advanced Engine Research">Advanced Engine Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_F1_Team" title="Alpine F1 Team">Alpine F1 Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One" title="Aston Martin in Formula One">AMR GP Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Motorsport" title="Arena Motorsport">Arena Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlin_Motorsport" title="Carlin Motorsport">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Racing_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron Racing Cars">Chevron Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Morrison_(driver)" title="Phil Morrison (driver)">Driftworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_(engine)" title="Judd (engine)">Engine Developments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Ford World Rally Team">Ford World Rally Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortec_Motorsport" title="Fortec Motorsport">Fortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Technology" title="Gibson Technology">Gibson Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewland" title="Hewland">Hewland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahn_Design" title="Kahn Design">Kahn Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmor" title="Ilmor">Ilmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Cars" title="Lola Cars">Lola Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains" title="Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains">Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes AMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Sport" title="M-Sport">M-Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchi%27s_Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Munchi's Ford World Rally Team">Munchi's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodrive" title="Prodrive">Prodrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Sportscars" title="Radical Sportscars">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Motorsport" title="Rodin Motorsport">Rodin Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RML_Group" title="RML Group">RML Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dowson_Engineering" title="Roger Dowson Engineering">Roger Dowson Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_Power" title="Sumo Power">Sumo Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Dynamics" title="Team Dynamics">Team Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Eight_Racing" title="Triple Eight Racing">Triple Eight Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen" title="Van Diemen">Van Diemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Grand Prix Engineering">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirth_Research" title="Wirth Research">Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xtrac" class="mw-redirect" title="Xtrac">Xtrac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_manufacturers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom">Passenger car<br />producers</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Motor_Company" title="Ariel Motor Company">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Crewe" title="Bentley Crewe">Crewe plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_Oxford" title="Plant Oxford">Oxford plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressed_Steel_Company" title="Pressed Steel Company">Swindon plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodwood_plant" title="Goodwood plant">Goodwood plant</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briggs_Automotive_Company" title="Briggs Automotive Company">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_Automotive" title="David Brown Automotive">David Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Gaydon_Centre" title="Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre">Gaydon Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Halewood" title="Jaguar Land Rover Halewood">Halewood plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_plant" title="Solihull plant">Solihull plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_plant" title="Whitley plant">Whitley Engineering Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Car_Company" title="Lightning Car Company">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Technology_Centre" title="McLaren Technology Centre">McLaren Technology Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor_UK" title="SAIC Motor UK">SAIC Motor UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDV_Group" title="LDV Group">Eco Concept</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Motor_Manufacturing_UK" title="Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK">Nissan UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Automotive" title="Noble Automotive">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfinch" title="Overfinch">Overfinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Sportscars" title="Radical Sportscars">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyker_Cars" title="Spyker Cars">Spyker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Manufacturing_UK" title="Toyota Manufacturing UK">Toyota UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Ellesmere_Port" title="Vauxhall Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenos_Cars" title="Zenos Cars">Zenos</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Kit_car" title="Kit car">Kit cars</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Davrian" title="Davrian">Davrian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/GKD_sports_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="GKD sports cars">GKD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JBA_Motors" title="JBA Motors">JBA Motors</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nordon_Racing" title="Marc Nordon Racing">Marc Nordon Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Sports_Cars" title="Onyx Sports Cars">Onyx</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Sports_Cars" title="Quantum Sports Cars">Quantum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylva_Autokits" title="Sylva Autokits">Sylva</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ultima_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultima Sports">Ultima Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allard_Motor_Company" title="Allard Motor Company">Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascari_Cars" title="Ascari Cars">Ascari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belsize_Motors" title="Belsize Motors">Belsize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabham_Automotive" title="Brabham Automotive">Brabham Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparo_Vehicle_Technologies" title="Caparo Vehicle Technologies">Caparo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment-Talbot" title="Clément-Talbot">Clément-Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Cars" title="Eagle Cars">Eagle Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Car_Corporation" title="Electric Car Corporation">Electric Car Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenix_Automotive" title="Fenix Automotive">Fenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_Nash" title="Frazer Nash">Frazer Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbern" title="Gilbern">Gilbern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lister_Motor_Company" title="Lister Motor Company">Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Engineering" title="Marcos Engineering">Marcos Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Melling" title="Al Melling">Melling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge_plant" title="Longbridge plant">Longbridge plant</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Engineering_Company" title="Peel Engineering Company">Peel Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryton_plant" title="Ryton plant">Ryton plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam-Talbot" title="Sunbeam-Talbot">Sunbeam-Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(automobile)" title="Trojan (automobile)">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Suppliers and<br />consultancies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins_UK" title="Cummins UK">Cummins UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Tyres" title="Dunlop Tyres">Dunlop Tyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GKN" title="GKN">GKN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GKN_Driveline" class="mw-redirect" title="GKN Driveline">GKN Driveline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_Thermal_Systems" title="Grayson Thermal Systems">Grayson Thermal Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Matthey" title="Johnson Matthey">Johnson Matthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahn_Design" title="Kahn Design">Kahn Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars#Lotus_Engineering" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbrook_Proving_Ground" title="Millbrook Proving Ground">Millbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Industry_Research_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Industry Research Association">MIRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Engines" title="Perkins Engines">Perkins Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilkington" title="Pilkington">Pilkington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaife" title="Quaife">Quaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo plc">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel_Europe" title="Tata Steel Europe">Tata Steel Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tickford" title="Tickford">Tickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Research_Laboratory" title="Transport Research Laboratory">Transport Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unipart" title="Unipart">Unipart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMG,_University_of_Warwick" title="WMG, University of Warwick">WMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipac" title="Wipac">Wipac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zytek_Automotive" title="Zytek Automotive">Zytek Automotive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Panels" title="Abbey Panels">Abbey Panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparo_Vehicle_Technologies" title="Caparo Vehicle Technologies">Caparo Vehicle Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Rubber" title="Dunlop Rubber">Dunlop Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferodo" title="Ferodo">Ferodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_Gardner_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="L Gardner & Sons">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_Spicer" title="Hardy Spicer">Hardy Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Meadows" title="Henry Meadows">Henry Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laycock_Engineering" title="Laycock Engineering">Laycock Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Industries" title="Lucas Industries">Lucas Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LucasVarity" title="LucasVarity">LucasVarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomkins_plc" title="Tomkins plc">Tomkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Poppe" title="White and Poppe">White and Poppe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dealerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Clark_Automobiles" title="Arnold Clark Automobiles">Arnold Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcraft" title="Carcraft">Carcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Retail_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Retail Group">Ford Retail Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_1_Automotive" title="Group 1 Automotive">Group 1 Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchcape_plc" title="Inchcape plc">Inchcape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardine_Motors_Group" title="Jardine Motors Group">Jardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCT600" title="JCT600">JCT600</a></li> 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Owen">H.R. Owen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Barclay_Bentley" title="Jack Barclay Bentley">Jack Barclay Bentley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrys_Motor_Sales" title="Perrys Motor Sales">Perrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSA_Group#United_Kingdom" title="PSA Group">Robins & Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneacre_Motor_Group" title="Stoneacre Motor Group">Stoneacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sytner_Group" title="Sytner Group">Sytner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertu_Motors" title="Vertu Motors">Vertu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATS_Euromaster" title="ATS Euromaster">ATS Euromaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoglass">Autoglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Windscreens" title="Auto Windscreens">Auto Windscreens</a></li> 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