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class="vorm__article"> <div class="vorm__article-theme-wrapper" data-de-article-start=""> <header class="dmt-header dmt-header--type-centered dmt-header--article-type-column vorm__article-header"> <div class="dmt-header__headline"> <div class="dmt-headline"> <h1 class="dmt-headline__title"> Critici VS worstelen met ‘auteur’ </h1> <div class="dmt-headline__vlag"> <dmt-button-readinglist action="no-user" aria-hidden="true" article="1592055" class="dmt-headline__vlag-readinglist" data-track-item-block="article_headline"> <span slot="svg"><dmt-icon name="ic-bookmark"></dmt-icon></span> <slot name="text">Leeslijst</slot> </dmt-button-readinglist> <span class="dmt-headline__vlag-type">column</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dmt-header__abstract"> <div class="dmt-abstract"> <p><span class="keyword"><a href="/rubriek/peter-de-bruijn/" rel="author">Peter de Bruijn</a></span> Zijn de kunst en haar maker twee verschillende zaken, of wordt het onderscheid tussen kunstenaar en werk juist te strikt gehanteerd? De meningen zijn verdeeld bij toonaangevende critici.</p> </div> </div> <div class="dmt-header__byline"> <ul class="dmt-byline dmt-byline--centered" data-byline-list=""> <li> <span class="visually-hidden">Gepubliceerd op</span> <a href="/nieuws/2018/02/13/"> <time datetime="2018-02-13 15:55:57+00:00"> 13 februari 2018 </time> </a> </li> <li> <span>Leestijd</span> <time class="dmt-byline__readingtime" datetime="94s">2 minuten </time> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dmt-header__util-bar"> <dmt-util-bar article="1592055" data-strip-from-headless="" headline="Critici VS worstelen met ‘auteur’" url="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/02/13/critici-vs-worstelen-met-auteur-a1592055"> <dmt-button-readinglist article="1592055" data-track-item-block="article_util_bar_top" slot="readinglist" theme="util"> <span slot="text">Leeslijst</span> <span slot="svg"><dmt-icon name="ic-bookmark-border"></dmt-icon></span> </dmt-button-readinglist> <button class="dmt-util-bar__button dmt-util-bar__button--download" slot="download"> <span class="dmt-util-bar__button-container"> <span class="dmt-util-bar__button-title">Downloaden</span> <dmt-icon aria-hidden="true" class="dmt-util-bar__button-icon" name="ic-download"></dmt-icon> </span> </button> </dmt-util-bar> </div> </header> <div class="dmt-grid"> <div class="dmt-grid-center-s vorm__article-author"> <aside class="dmt-author"> <img alt="" class="dmt-author__image" src="https://images.nrc.nl/0Ar9cgXQX_trmP6Y5dehIxuhr-Q=/320x/filters:no_upscale()/s3/static.nrc.nl/bvhw/wp-content/blogs.dir/114/files/2019/01/bruijnartikel.png"/> <div class="dmt-author__container"> <div class="dmt-author__text"> <div class="dmt-author__introduction"> Filmredacteur Peter de Bruijn geeft zijn beschouwing bij het filmnieuws. </div> </div> <div class="dmt-author__btn"> <div class="follow-topic"> <button class="follow-button follow-button--medium" data-follow-button="" data-topic-id="113" data-topic-name="Peter de Bruijn" data-track-subscribe-action="volgen" data-track-subscribe-name="Peter de Bruijn" data-track-subscribe-type="volgonderwerpen" title="Volg Peter de Bruijn" type="button"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="10" viewbox="0 0 10 10" width="10"> <path d="M4 9V6H1c-.6 0-1-.4-1-1s.4-1 1-1h3V1c0-.6.4-1 1-1s1 .4 1 1v3h3c.6 0 1 .4 1 1s-.4 1-1 1H6v3c0 .6-.4 1-1 1s-1-.4-1-1z"></path> </svg> <span data-state-text="">Volg</span> <span class="follow-button__topic-name">Peter de Bruijn</span> </button> <button class="notify-button" data-notify-button="" data-topic-id="113" data-topic-name="Peter de Bruijn" data-track-subscribe-action="ontvang" data-track-subscribe-name="Peter de Bruijn" data-track-subscribe-type="notifications" title="Ontvang Peter de Bruijn meldingen" type="button"> <svg aria-hidden="true" data-visible-when="active" height="24" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid meet" viewbox="0 0 28.9 30.9" width="21"> <path d="M14.4 28.6c-2 .1-3.7-1.3-3.9-3.3h7.8a3.6 3.6 0 0 1-3.6 3.3h-.3zm-11-8.2 1.3-1.2c.9-.8 1.2-1 1.2-1.8v-5.3A8.8 8.8 0 0 1 11.6 4a3 3 0 0 1 4.1-1.5c.7.3 1.2.9 1.5 1.5a8.7 8.7 0 0 1 5.8 8v5.3c0 .7.2.9 1.1 1.6l1.4 1.2 2.2 2.3H1.2c.7-.5 1.5-1.2 2.2-2zm.8-15.6c.6-.7 1.3-1.3 2-1.8l.4-.2.9 1.8a8 8 0 0 0-3.6 6.9h-2c-.1-2.4.7-4.8 2.3-6.7zM25 11.5a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-3.6-6.8l.9-1.8c.9.5 1.8 1.2 2.4 2 1.6 1.9 2.4 4.2 2.4 6.7l-2.1-.1z"></path> </svg><svg aria-hidden="true" data-visible-when="inactive" height="24" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid meet" viewbox="0 0 28.9 30.9" width="21"> <path d="m3.3 28.9 3.9-6.2h-6c.7-.8 1.5-1.5 2.2-2.3.5-.5.9-.8 1.3-1.2.9-.8 1.2-1 1.2-1.8v-5.3c0-1.9.7-3.7 1.8-5.2 1-1.3 2.4-2.3 3.9-2.9.5-1.1 1.5-1.8 2.7-1.8h.2c1.2 0 2.3.7 2.7 1.8.4.1.8.3 1.2.5l2.5-4L23.1 2l-2.6 4.2-1.4 2.3-7.3 11.7-1.6 2.6-4.7 7.5-2.2-1.4zM13.9 5.1l-.4 1.1-1.1.4a6 6 0 0 0-2.7 2 6.4 6.4 0 0 0-1.3 3.7v5.2c0 1-.3 1.9-.9 2.7h1.3l8.3-13.3c-.2-.1-.4-.2-.7-.3l-1.1-.4-.4-1.1c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2h-.2c-.2 0-.3.1-.4.2zm.5 23.5c-1.5.1-2.9-.7-3.6-2.1l.8-1.2h6.7a3.6 3.6 0 0 1-3.6 3.3h-.3zm-1.2-5.9 1.6-2.6h6.6c-.6-.7-.9-1.7-.9-2.6v-5.3c0-.3 0-.6-.1-1l1.7-2.8c.6 1.2.9 2.4.9 3.7v5.3c0 .7.2.9 1.1 1.6.5.4.9.8 1.4 1.2.7.8 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.3l-14.5.2z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="vorm__article-content dmt-grid-center-s googlebot-article-content"> <p class="has-drop-cap"> Amerikaanse filmcritici krabben zich flink achter de oren door de controversen rond #MeToo. Voor A.O. Scott van <em>The New York Times</em> was de opnieuw opgelaaide discussie rond Woody Allen vorige week <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/movies/woody-allen.html">aanleiding om vaarwel te zeggen</a> tegen het „versleten dogma” dat de kunst en de kunstenaar twee verschillende zaken zijn, die strikt gescheiden moeten blijven. Wangedrag van de kunstenaar mag in die visie niet afstralen op het werk. Scott staat inmiddels op het standpunt dat kunstkritiek altijd een „morele dimensie” heeft. Het werk van Allen vindt hij inmiddels „ethisch discutabel”, ook al zijn er sinds de storm rond #MeToo opstak eigenlijk geen nieuwe feiten bekend geworden. Dat is pijnlijk voor Scott, want Allen was voor hem altijd een jeugdheld: „Een mentor. Een culturele held. Een ideaal van mannelijkheid.”</p> <p><div class="videowrapper"><iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JEoEGW4Hb9w?feature=oembed" wmode="transparent"></iframe></div></p> <p>De filmcriticus van<em> The Washington Post</em>, Ann Hornaday, trekt juist precies<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/uma-thurman-quentin-tarantino-and-the-costs-of-auteur-worship/2018/02/04/d54da4f8-09e7-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html?utm_term=.9c779f7c8107"> de tegenovergestelde conclusie</a> uit de recente discussies. Voor haar zijn de onthullingen van actrice Uma Thurman over de werkomstandigheden op de set van<em> Kill Bill </em>van Quentin Tarantino, die haar liet instappen (en botsen) in een gevaarlijk wrakkige auto, aanleiding voor enig graven in de ziel. Hornaday stelt de vraag of filmmakers zoals Tarantino, die een haast onaantastbare status genieten als ‘auteur’, wel voldoende kritisch tegen het licht zijn gehouden. </p> <p><div class="videowrapper"><iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uFcX1k41jfk?feature=oembed" wmode="transparent"></iframe></div></p> <p>Hornaday plaatst vraagtekens bij de zogeheten ‘auteurstheorie’. Dat is het idee dat een film net zoals een boek of een schilderij uiteindelijk te herleiden valt tot het creatieve brein en het talent van één persoon: dat van de regisseur; in de meeste gevallen een witte man. Heeft een filmmaker eenmaal zo’n status verworven als de geniale schepper van hoogstpersoonlijke kunstwerken, dan ontbreekt volgens haar vervolgens iedere kritische blik. </p> <p>Anders dan Scott meent Hornaday dat er juist<em> te weinig</em> onderscheid wordt gemaakt tussen de persoon en het werk. „Het probleem is niet het scheiden van het kunstwerk en de kunstenaar, maar de dwangmatige neiging om die twee zaken te laten versmelten.” Een elitaire groep van erkende meesters – vooral wit, vooral mannelijk – krijgt volgens haar „voortdurend het voordeel van de twijfel voor zelfs hun meest luie, zichzelf herhalende, intellectueel failliete werk terwijl ondervertegenwoordigde visies en stemmen niet worden gezien en gehoord”.</p> <p>Tijdschrift <em>The New Republic</em> grijpt ondertussen, in een e-mail-uitwisseling tussen twee medewerkers van dit opinieblad, de recente controversen aan om het oude idee van cultuurfilosoof Roland Barthes van de ‘dood van de auteur’ opnieuw af te stoffen. Barthes wilde een einde maken aan de ‘tirannieke’ manier waarop volgens de Franse filosoof elke tekst wordt herleid tot de bedoelingen van de auteur, terwijl de ontvanger – de kijker of de lezer – volgens hem een minstens zo belangrijke rol speelt. Dat is een idee dat misschien een uitweg biedt aan recensenten met acute gewetensnood over de films van hun in opspraak geraakte helden.</p> <div class="info"> Peter de Bruijn is filmrecensent.</div> <div class="dmt-published-in" data-de-article-end=""> Een versie van dit artikel verscheen ook in <a href="/next/2018/02/14/#204"> nrc.next (archief) van 14 februari 2018</a>. </div> <dmt-util-bar article="1592055" headline="Critici VS worstelen met ‘auteur’" url="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/02/13/critici-vs-worstelen-met-auteur-a1592055"> <button class="dmt-util-bar__button" slot="share"> <span class="dmt-util-bar__button-container"> <span class="dmt-util-bar__button-title">Delen</span> <dmt-icon aria-hidden="true" class="dmt-util-bar__button-icon" name="ic-share-web"></dmt-icon> </span> </button> <button class="dmt-util-bar__button" slot="contact"> <span class="dmt-util-bar__button-container"> <span class="dmt-util-bar__button-title">Mail de redactie</span> <dmt-icon 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