CINXE.COM
Page not found | Can We Learn Democracy?
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>Page not found | Can We Learn Democracy?</title> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/favicon.png" /><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cwld.hypotheses.org' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Can We Learn Democracy? » Feed" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Can We Learn Democracy? » Comments Feed" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/comments/feed" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/cwld.hypotheses.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray: #141412;--wp--preset--color--red: #bc360a;--wp--preset--color--medium-orange: #db572f;--wp--preset--color--light-orange: #ea9629;--wp--preset--color--yellow: #fbca3c;--wp--preset--color--dark-brown: #220e10;--wp--preset--color--medium-brown: #722d19;--wp--preset--color--light-brown: #eadaa6;--wp--preset--color--beige: #e8e5ce;--wp--preset--color--off-white: #f7f5e7;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--autumn-brown: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(226,45,15,1) 0%, rgba(158,25,13,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--sunset-yellow: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(233,139,41,1) 0%, rgba(238,179,95,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-sky: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(228,228,228,1.0) 0%,rgba(208,225,252,1.0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--dark-sky: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(0,0,0,1.0) 0%,rgba(56,61,69,1.0) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-hal-style1-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/hal/css/style.css?ver=6.6.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-syntax-css-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-syntax/css/wp-syntax.css?ver=1.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentythirteen-fonts-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/themes/twentythirteen/fonts/source-sans-pro-plus-bitter.css?ver=20230328' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='genericons-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/themes/twentythirteen/genericons/genericons.css?ver=3.0.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentythirteen-style-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/themes/twentythirteen/style.css?ver=20240402' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentythirteen-block-style-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/themes/twentythirteen/css/blocks.css?ver=20231016' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='Branda_Signup_Password-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-branding/inc/modules/login-screen/assets/css/signup-password.css?ver=3.4.9.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-featherlight-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-featherlight/css/wp-featherlight.min.css?ver=1.3.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cmplz-cookie-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr-premium-multisite/assets/css/cookieconsent.min.css?ver=5.4.0.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cleo-global-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/css/openbarre.css?ver=6.6.2' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cleo-complianz-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/css/complianz.css?ver=6.6.2' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='print-global-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/css/print.css?ver=6.6.2' media='print' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-author-bio-css' href='https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-about-author/wp-about-author.css?ver=6.6.2' media='all' /> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/themes/twentythirteen/js/functions.js?ver=20230526" id="twentythirteen-script-js" defer data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="Wordpress 6.6.2 - https://wordpress.org" /> <script> var _paq = _paq || []; _paq.push(['setCustomVariable', 1, 'Domain', document.domain, 'visit']); _paq.push(['enableCrossDomainLinking']); _paq.push(["setDocumentTitle", " cwld | " + document.title]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u='https://analytics.openedition.org/'; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1153']); var secondaryTrackerUrl = 'https://pk.labocleo.org/matomo.php'; var secondaryWebsiteId = '4'; _paq.push(['addTracker', secondaryTrackerUrl, secondaryWebsiteId]); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <style type="text/css"> ol.footnotes>li {list-style-type:decimal;} ol.footnotes { color:#666666; } ol.footnotes li { font-size:80%; } </style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Version" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/feed/rdf" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS Feed" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/abstracts/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Version" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/abstracts/feed/rdf" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS Feed" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/conclusions/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Version" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/conclusions/feed/rdf" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS Feed" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/research-blog/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Version" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/research-blog/feed/rdf" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS Feed" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/virtual-exhibition/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Version" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/virtual-exhibition/feed/rdf" /> <style type="text/css" id="branda-admin-bar-logo"> body #wpadminbar #wp-admin-bar-wp-logo > .ab-item { background-image: url(https://hypotheses.org/files/2016/12/hypologo-flux.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 50%; background-size: 80%; } body #wpadminbar #wp-admin-bar-wp-logo > .ab-item .ab-icon:before { content: " "; } </style> <style> .twitter-tweet.cmplz-blocked-content-container { padding: 10px 40px; } </style> <style> .cmplz-placeholder-element > blockquote.fb-xfbml-parse-ignore { margin: 0 20px; } </style> <style> .instagram-media.cmplz-placeholder-element > div { max-width: 100%; } </style> <style type="text/css"> span.icon-hypotheses { background:url(https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/favicon_18x20.png);width:18px;height:20px;display:inline-block;margin-right:5px; } </style> <style type="text/css"> .openbarre { height: 65px; } </style> <style type="text/css" id="twentythirteen-header-css"> .site-header { background: url(https://cwld.hypotheses.org/files/2020/10/cropped-bannie虁res-site-5_final-scaled-1.jpg) no-repeat scroll top; background-size: 1600px auto; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .site-header { background-size: 768px auto; } } @media (max-width: 359px) { .site-header { background-size: 360px auto; } } .site-title, .site-description { color: #000000; } </style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/opml+xml" title="Outline" href="https://www.openedition.org/opml.php?pubtype=carnet" /></head> <body data-cmplz=1 class="error404 wp-embed-responsive wp-featherlight-captions single-author"> <div id="ob-header" class="openbarre"> <div class="openbarre__container"> <a class="openbarre__link" href="https://hypotheses.org" title="Home" tabindex="1"> <img class="openbarre__link__logo" src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/logo-ho.svg" /> </a> <div class="openbarre__right"> <button class="openbarre__right__button oesearch__button"> <span class="openbarre__tablet__elm"> OpenEdition Search </span> <img class="openbarre__right__button__icon" src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/loupe_search_grey.svg" /> </button> <button id="all-oe-button" class="openbarre__right__button"> <span class="openbarre__tablet__elm"> All OpenEdition </span> <img class="openbarre__right__button__icon" src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/tout_openedition_gray.svg" /> </button> <div class="openbarre__right__all__menu" id="all-oe-menu"> <span class="openbarre__right__all__menu__title openbarre__right__all__menu__title--first"> Digital resources in the Social Sciences and Humanities </span> <a class="openbarre__right__all__menu__link" href="https://openedition.org"> OpenEdition </a> <span class="openbarre__right__all__menu__title"> Our platforms </span> <a class="openbarre__right__all__menu__link" href="https://books.openedition.org"> OpenEdition Books </a> <a class="openbarre__right__all__menu__link" href="https://journals.openedition.org"> OpenEdition Journals </a> <a class="openbarre__right__all__menu__link" href="https://hypotheses.org"> Hypotheses </a> <a class="openbarre__right__all__menu__link" href="https://calenda.org"> Calenda </a> <span class="openbarre__right__all__menu__title"> Libraries </span> <a class="openbarre__right__all__menu__link" href="https://www.openedition.org/14043"> OpenEdition Freemium </a> <span class="openbarre__right__all__menu__title"> Follow us </span> <div class="openbarre__right__all__menu__networks"> <a class="footer__networks__icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/openedition" title="Facebook"> <img class="openbarre__right__button__icon" src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/facebook-f-brands-solid.svg" /> </a> <a class="footer__networks__icon" href="https://x.com/OpenEditionActu" title="X"> <img class="openbarre__right__button__icon" src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/x-twitter-brands-solid.svg" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="openbarre__modal__background" id="oesearch-modal-bg" hidden></div> <div class="openbarre__modal openbarre__modal--search" id="oesearch-modal" hidden> <div class="openbarre__modal__header openbarre__modal__header--search"> <img class="openbarre__modal__header__logo" src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/oe-search-white.svg" alt="OpenEdition Search logo" loading="lazy" /> <button class="openbarre__modal__header__close openbarre__modal__header__close--search" id="oesearch-modal-close" aria-label="Fermer"> <img class="openbarre__right__button__icon" src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/images/xmark-solid.svg" /> </button> </div> <div class="openbarre__modal__body openbarre__modal__body--search"> <form class="openbarre__modal__body__form" action="https://search.openedition.org/results"> <div class="openbarre__modal__body__form__searchbar"> <span class="openbarre__modal__body__form__searchbar__accroche"> You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search </span> <input name="q" id="oesearch_searchbar" type="search" aria-label="OpenEdition Search text input" placeholder="Expression ou mot-cl茅 (tag)" required> </div> <div class="openbarre__modal__body__form__radio"> <div class="openbarre__modal__body__form__radio__item"> <input type="radio" name="s" id="oesearch_openedition" value="" checked> <label for="oesearch_openedition"> In all OpenEdition </label> </div> <div class="openbarre__modal__body__form__radio__item"> <input type="radio" name="s" id="oesearch_site" value="Can We Learn Democracy?"> <label for="oesearch_site">In "Can We Learn Democracy?"</label> </div> </div> <input name="pf" id="pf" type="hidden" value="HO"> <button id="oesearch_submit" type="submit" class="openbarre__modal__body__form__submit"> Search </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <header id="masthead" class="site-header"> <a class="home-link" href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/" rel="home"> <h1 class="site-title">Can We Learn Democracy?</h1> <h2 class="site-description">Transnational Perspectives from the 19th to the 21th Century</h2> </a> <div id="navbar" class="navbar"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="navigation main-navigation"> <button class="menu-toggle">Menu</button> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content"> Skip to content </a> <div class="menu-menu-example-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-119"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-43"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/participate">How to participate</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-284" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-284"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/participate">Registration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-283" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-283"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/webex-tutoriel">Webex | Tutoriel</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-25"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/conference-25-27-nov-2020">Conference (25-27 Nov. 2020)</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/programme">Programme & Abstracts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-44" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-44"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/cfp">Call For Papers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-24" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-24"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/workshops-nov-2020">Cycle d’茅v茅nements (Nov. 2020)</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-47" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/pour-une-pedagogie-egalitaire-projets-educatifs-en-prison">Workshop | Pour une p茅dagogie 茅galitaire: Projets 茅ducatifs en prison | Prison Education and the Quest for Egalitarian Pedagogies | FR-EN</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/leducation-a-la-citoyennete-un-noeud-de-tensions-democratiques">Table-ronde | L鈥櫭ヾucation 脿 la citoyennet茅: Un n艙ud de tensions d茅mocratiques? | FR</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-339"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/blog">Research blog</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-402" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-402"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/research-blog">Research blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-403" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-403"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/virtual-exhibition">Virtual Exhibition</a></li> <li id="menu-item-419" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-419"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-568" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-568"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/category/conclusions">Conclusions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-26" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26"><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/about">About</a></li> </ul></div> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> </div><!-- #navbar --> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div id="main" class="site-main"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <div id="content" class="site-content" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title">Not Found</h1> </header> <div class="page-wrapper"> <div class="page-content"> <h2>This is somewhat embarrassing, isn’t it?</h2> <p>It looks like nothing was found at this location. Maybe try a search?</p> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div><!-- .page-content --> </div><!-- .page-wrapper --> </div><!-- #content --> </div><!-- #primary --> </div><!-- #main --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"> <div class="site-info"> <span class="icon-hypotheses"></span>A blog proposed by <a href="https://hypotheses.org" title="Hypotheses">Hypotheses</a> - <a href="https://www.openedition.org/36570" title="This blog in Hypotheses catalogue">This blog in Hypotheses catalogue</a> - <a href="https://www.openedition.org/19362?lang=en">Privacy Policy</a> - <a href="https://www.openedition.org/41101?lang=en">Report a problem</a><br/><a href="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/feed" title="RSS">Syndication Feed</a><br/> <a href="https://wordpress.org/" class="imprint"> Proudly powered by WordPress </a> </div><!-- .site-info --> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { $( ".cmplz-placeholder-element" ).wrap( "<div class='cmplz-iframe'></div>" ); }); </script> <style> .tiktok-embed.cmplz-placeholder-element > div { max-width: 100%;} </style> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/hal/js/cv-hal.js?ver=6.6.2" id="wp-hal-script4-js"></script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-syntax/js/wp-syntax.js?ver=1.2" id="wp-syntax-js-js"></script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-featherlight/js/wpFeatherlight.pkgd.min.js?ver=1.3.4" id="wp-featherlight-js"></script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr-premium-multisite/assets/js/cookieconsent.min.js?ver=5.4.0.2" id="cmplz-cookie-js"></script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr-premium-multisite/assets/js/postscribe.min.js?ver=5.4.0.2" id="cmplz-postscribe-js"></script> <script id="cmplz-cookie-config-js-extra"> var complianz = {"static":"","is_multisite_root":"","set_cookies":[],"block_ajax_content":"0","banner_version":"2","version":"5.4.0.2","a_b_testing":"","do_not_track":"","consenttype":"optin","region":"eu","geoip":"1","categories":"<div class=\"cmplz-categories-wrap\"><label for=\"cmplz_functional\"><div class=\"cmplz-slider-checkbox\"><input id=\"cmplz_functional\" style=\"color:#191e23\" tabindex=\"0\" data-category=\"cmplz_functional\" class=\"cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-slider-checkbox cmplz_functional\" checked disabled size=\"40\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\" \/><span class=\"cmplz-slider cmplz-round \" ><\/span><\/div><span class=\"cc-category\" style=\"color:#191e23\">Functional<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"cmplz-categories-wrap\"><label for=\"cmplz_marketing\"><div class=\"cmplz-slider-checkbox\"><input id=\"cmplz_marketing\" style=\"color:#191e23\" tabindex=\"0\" data-category=\"cmplz_marketing\" class=\"cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-slider-checkbox cmplz_marketing\" size=\"40\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\" \/><span class=\"cmplz-slider cmplz-round \" ><\/span><\/div><span class=\"cc-category\" style=\"color:#191e23\">Marketing<\/span><\/label><\/div><style>\t\t\t\t\t.cmplz-slider-checkbox input:checked + .cmplz-slider {\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #21759b\t\t\t\t\t}\t\t\t\t\t.cmplz-slider-checkbox input:focus + .cmplz-slider {\t\t\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 0 0 1px #21759b;\t\t\t\t\t}\t\t\t\t\t.cmplz-slider-checkbox .cmplz-slider:before {\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ffffff;\t\t\t\t\t}.cmplz-slider-checkbox .cmplz-slider-na:before {\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor:#ffffff;\t\t\t\t\t}\t\t\t\t\t.cmplz-slider-checkbox .cmplz-slider {\t\t\t\t\t background-color: #F56E28;\t\t\t\t\t}\t\t\t\t\t<\/style><style>#cc-window.cc-window .cmplz-categories-wrap .cc-check svg {stroke: #191e23}<\/style>","position":"bottom","title":"bottom minimal","theme":"minimal","checkbox_style":"slider","use_categories":"hidden","use_categories_optinstats":"visible","header":"","accept":"Accept","revoke":"Manage consent","dismiss":"Dismiss","dismiss_timeout":"10","use_custom_cookie_css":"","custom_css":".cc-window \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\n#cmplz-consent-ui, #cmplz-post-consent-ui {} \n\n#cmplz-consent-ui .cmplz-consent-message {} \n\n#cmplz-consent-ui button, #cmplz-post-consent-ui button {}","readmore_optin":"Cookie Policy","readmore_impressum":"Impressum","accept_informational":"Accept","message_optout":"We use cookies to optimize our website and our service.","message_optin":"We use cookies to optimize our website and our service.","readmore_optout":"Cookie Policy","readmore_optout_dnsmpi":"Do Not Sell My Personal Information","hide_revoke":"","disable_cookiebanner":"","banner_width":"","soft_cookiewall":"","type":"opt-in","layout":"basic","dismiss_on_scroll":"","dismiss_on_timeout":"","cookie_expiry":"365","nonce":"3aa14977d8","url":"https:\/\/cwld.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/complianz\/v1\/?lang=en&locale=en_US","set_cookies_on_root":"1","cookie_domain":"hypotheses.org","current_policy_id":"1","cookie_path":"\/","tcf_active":"","colorpalette_background_color":"#f9f9f9","colorpalette_background_border":"#f9f9f9","colorpalette_text_color":"#191e23","colorpalette_text_hyperlink_color":"#191e23","colorpalette_toggles_background":"#21759b","colorpalette_toggles_bullet":"#ffffff","colorpalette_toggles_inactive":"#F56E28","colorpalette_border_radius":"0px 0px 0px 0px","border_width":"1px 1px 1px 1px","colorpalette_button_accept_background":"#21759b","colorpalette_button_accept_border":"#21759b","colorpalette_button_accept_text":"#ffffff","colorpalette_button_deny_background":"#f56e28","colorpalette_button_deny_border":"#f56e28","colorpalette_button_deny_text":"#ffffff","colorpalette_button_settings_background":"#f1f1f1","colorpalette_button_settings_border":"#21759b","colorpalette_button_settings_text":"#21759b","buttons_border_radius":"5px 5px 5px 5px","box_shadow":"","animation":"none","animation_fade":"","animation_slide":"","view_preferences":"Preferences","save_preferences":"Save preferences","accept_all":"Accept all","readmore_url":{"eu":"https:\/\/www.openedition.org\/37235?lang=en"},"privacy_link":{"eu":""},"placeholdertext":"Click to accept marketing cookies and enable this content"}; </script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr-premium-multisite/assets/js/complianz.min.js?ver=5.4.0.2" id="cmplz-cookie-config-js"></script> <script src="https://cwld.hypotheses.org/wp-content/cleo-commons/js/openbarre.js?ver=6.6.2" id="cleo-global-js-js"></script> </body> </html>