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Cetra (strumento musicale antico) - Wikipedia

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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_cetra_nella_poesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_cetra_nella_poesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>La cetra nella poesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_cetra_nella_poesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cetra (strumento musicale antico)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 39 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9)" title="قيثارة (اليونان القديمة) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قيثارة (اليونان القديمة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifara" title="Kifara - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kifara" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кіфара - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіфара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cithara" title="Cithara - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cithara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B1_(%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Κιθάρα (αρχαιοελληνική μουσική) - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιθάρα (αρχαιοελληνική μουσική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro" title="Citro - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Citro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitara" title="Kitara - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kitara" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="کیتارا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیتارا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cithare_(Gr%C3%A8ce_antique)" title="Cithare (Grèce antique) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cithare (Grèce antique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitara" title="Kitara - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kitara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Կիֆարա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիֆարա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A9" title="キタラ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キタラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="კითარა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კითარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%ED%83%80%EB%9D%BC" title="키타라 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키타라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cithara" title="Cithara - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cithara" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Китара - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Китара" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitara" title="Kitara - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kitara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кифара - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кифара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitara" title="Kitara - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kitara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starogr%C5%A1ka_kitara" title="Starogrška kitara - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Starogrška kitara" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Китара - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Китара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кифара - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кифара" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kithara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кіфара - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіфара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifara" title="Kifara - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kifara" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12634515#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" 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href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Strumenti_musicali" class="mw-redirect" title="Progetto:Strumenti musicali">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Antica_Grecia" title="Progetto:Antica Grecia">2</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume le caratteristiche dello strumento"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFEBCD;">Cetra</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Britannica_Cithara_Phorminx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Britannica_Cithara_Phorminx.jpg/249px-Britannica_Cithara_Phorminx.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Britannica_Cithara_Phorminx.jpg/373px-Britannica_Cithara_Phorminx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Britannica_Cithara_Phorminx.jpg/498px-Britannica_Cithara_Phorminx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Suonatore di cetra a otto corde, da un'<a href="/wiki/Ceramica_greca" title="Ceramica greca">antica raffigurazione</a> <a href="/wiki/Forme_ceramiche_greche" title="Forme ceramiche greche">vascolare greca</a></td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #FFEBCD;">Informazioni generali</th></tr><tr><th>Origine</th><td>Grecia </td></tr><tr><th>Invenzione</th><td>Antichità </td></tr><tr><th>Classificazione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_Hornbostel-Sachs" title="Classificazione Hornbostel-Sachs">321.22</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Cordofoni_composti,_con_corde_parallele_alla_cassa_armonica,_a_pizzico" title="Categoria:Cordofoni composti, con corde parallele alla cassa armonica, a pizzico">Cordofoni composti, con corde parallele alla cassa armonica, a pizzico</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #FFEBCD;">Uso</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Storia_della_musica#Le_origini" title="Storia della musica">Musica dell'antichità</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #FFEBCD;">Genealogia</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr class="sinottico_divisione"> <th width="50%"></th><th>Discendenti&#160;<span style="color: #5F5F5F">&#8594;</span></th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center"> <td></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lira_(strumento_musicale)" title="Lira (strumento musicale)">Lira</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>cetra</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco antico</a>: <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">κιθάρα</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Greco_antico" title="Aiuto:Greco antico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>kithára</i>) era uno <a href="/wiki/Strumento_musicale" title="Strumento musicale">strumento musicale</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Antichit%C3%A0_classica" title="Antichità classica">antichità classica</a>, appartenente alla famiglia dei <a href="/wiki/Cordofoni" title="Cordofoni">cordofoni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine ha radici antiche e comuni alla <a href="/wiki/Chitarra" title="Chitarra">chitarra</a>, al <i><a href="/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">sitar</a></i> indiano e al <i>setar</i> persiano, il cui nome deriva appunto dal persiano antico "chahar" (quattro) e "tar" (corde), in quanto i primi liuti arabi avevano appunto quattro corde. </p><p>La storia della cetra si perde nell'antichità. Dalla lettura della <a href="/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia">Bibbia</a> in Genesi 4:21 l'inventore di tale strumento fu Iubal, discendente di Caino. E sempre nella Bibbia veniamo a conoscenza che la usò molto <a href="/wiki/Davide" title="Davide">Re Davide</a> per i suoi salmi, da noi attualmente chiamati anche inni, tanto che in molti di essi compare il nome di questo strumento musicale. </p><p>La cetra era utilizzata anche dai <a href="/wiki/Civilt%C3%A0_minoica" title="Civiltà minoica">cretesi</a>, per dare la cadenza dei passi ai soldati mentre entravano in battaglia.<sup id="cite_ref-Gellio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gellio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La cetra ebbe una notevole diffusione sin dall'<a href="/wiki/Antica_Grecia" title="Antica Grecia">antica Grecia</a> dov'era suonata da citaredi professionisti ed era molto spesso utilizzata, sia negli atenei che nelle corti; troviamo tracce di questo strumento anche nella grande tradizione della <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_greca" title="Mitologia greca">mitologia</a>. Il suo uso inoltre prese corpo anche a <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>. </p><p>Si sono sviluppate molte varianti fra i popoli, come l'arpa turca, il nebhel egizio, il <a href="/wiki/Kinnor" title="Kinnor">kinnor</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Dulcimer" title="Dulcimer">dulcimer</a> (ebraici), il <a href="/wiki/Salterio_(strumento_musicale)" title="Salterio (strumento musicale)">salterio</a> (romano), il <a href="/wiki/Tar_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tar (strumento musicale)">tar</a> (Persia), l'<a href="/wiki/Arpa_celtica" title="Arpa celtica">arpa celtica</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Gusli" title="Gusli">gusli</a> russo, fino a giungere alla chitarra come la conosciamo oggi. </p><p>Vi sono tracce di strumenti tipo cetre anche nell'impero cinese antico, durante la dinastia Chou. In particolare la prima cetra asiatica fu il <a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a>, una cetra a sette corde. </p><p>Nel corso dei secoli la sua struttura venne ulteriormente modificata, fino ad arrivare ad intendere per <i>cetra</i> quella che viene più correttamente chiamata <a href="/wiki/Cetera" title="Cetera">cetera</a>, ossia uno strumento in uso nel <a href="/wiki/Rinascimento" title="Rinascimento">Rinascimento</a> dalla cassa di risonanza piatta le cui doppie corde metalliche venivano pizzicate, dotato di un lungo manico e dalla struttura paragonabile a quella di una pera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suonatrice_di_kythara_danzante_-_Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Suonatrice_di_kythara_danzante_-_Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche.jpg/220px-Suonatrice_di_kythara_danzante_-_Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Suonatrice_di_kythara_danzante_-_Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche.jpg/330px-Suonatrice_di_kythara_danzante_-_Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Suonatrice_di_kythara_danzante_-_Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche.jpg/440px-Suonatrice_di_kythara_danzante_-_Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Suonatrice di kythara danzante, <a href="/wiki/Museo_archeologico_nazionale_delle_Marche" title="Museo archeologico nazionale delle Marche">Museo archeologico nazionale delle Marche</a></figcaption></figure> <p>L'iconografia greca del V e VI <a href="/wiki/Secolo" title="Secolo">secolo</a>, quella relativa alle pitture sui vasi, ci permette di capire la forma di questo strumento che il più delle volte era raffigurato in mano al dio <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> mentre era intento a suonare. </p><p>La cetra era costruita come la <a href="/wiki/Lira_(strumento_musicale)" title="Lira (strumento musicale)">lira</a> ma di dimensioni maggiori, arrivando a essere grande circa la metà di una persona umana. La cetra aveva una <a href="/wiki/Cassa_armonica" title="Cassa armonica">cassa armonica</a> con due bracci, che all'interno erano vuoti, e che collegati tra loro da una traversa; tra questa traversa e la base della cassa erano tese le cinque <a href="/wiki/Corda_(musica)" title="Corda (musica)">corde</a>: per aumentare la tensione della corda si usava ripiegarla con un legnetto intorno alla paletta che poi veniva bloccato con un pezzo di ferro o di legno. </p><p>Dal punto di vista <a href="/wiki/Organologia" title="Organologia">organologico</a>, la cetra antica non appartiene quindi alla famiglia delle <a href="/wiki/Cetre" title="Cetre">cetre</a> definita nella <a href="/wiki/Classificazione_Hornbostel-Sachs" title="Classificazione Hornbostel-Sachs">classificazione Hornbostel-Sachs</a>, ma invece a quella dei <a href="/wiki/Liuti_a_giogo" title="Liuti a giogo">liuti a giogo</a> (o lire). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_cetra_nella_poesia">La cetra nella poesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione La cetra nella poesia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: La cetra nella poesia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Poeta" title="Poeta">poeta</a> <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a> menziona questo strumento nella poesia <i><a href="/wiki/Alle_fronde_dei_salici" title="Alle fronde dei salici">Alle fronde dei salici</a></i> ove è presente anche un richiamo biblico. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGDLI,_III" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Battaglia" title="Salvatore Battaglia">Salvatore Battaglia</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Grande dizionario della lingua italiana</span>, vol.&#160;III, UTET, 1967, p.&#160;21.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Tullio_De_Mauro" title="Tullio De Mauro">Tullio De Mauro</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso</span>, vol.&#160;II, UTET, 2003, p.&#160;1073.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gellio-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Gellio_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aulo_Gellio" title="Aulo Gellio">Aulo Gellio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noctes_Atticae" title="Noctes Atticae">Noctes Atticae</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Noctes_Atticae/Liber_I#11">I, 11, 6</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Daniele Sestili, <i>Musica e tradizione in <a href="/wiki/Asia_orientale" title="Asia orientale">Asia orientale</a>. Gli scenari contemporanei di <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Corea</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone">Giappone</a></i>, Roma, Squilibri, 2010</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musica_nell%27antica_Grecia" title="Musica nell&#39;antica Grecia">Musica nell'antica Grecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica_dell%27antichit%C3%A0" title="Musica dell&#39;antichità">Musica dell'antichità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_citaredo" title="Apollo citaredo">Apollo citaredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re_Davide" class="mw-redirect" title="Re Davide">Re Davide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Orfeo" title="L&#39;Orfeo">L'Orfeo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cetra" class="extiw" title="q:Cetra">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Citharas"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citharas?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sulla <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cetra" class="extiw" title="q:Cetra">cetra</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citharas?uselang=it">cetra</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetra_(strumento_musicale_antico)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/kithara"><span style="font-style:italic;">kithara</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12634515#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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