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class="mw-page-title-main">Xu Pu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese government official (1429-1499)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Xu Pu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BE%90%E6%BA%A5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E5%BE%90%E6%BA%A5.jpg/200px-%E5%BE%90%E6%BA%A5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E5%BE%90%E6%BA%A5.jpg/300px-%E5%BE%90%E6%BA%A5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E5%BE%90%E6%BA%A5.jpg/400px-%E5%BE%90%E6%BA%A5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="644" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Secretary">Senior Grand Secretary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1492–1498</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Ji_(Grand_Secretary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Ji (Grand Secretary) (page does not exist)">Liu Ji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jian_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jian (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Liu Jian</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1429</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1499 (aged 69–70)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Xu Pu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">徐溥</span>, 1429–1499) was a <a href="/wiki/Nine_Ministers" title="Nine Ministers">minister</a> during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Hongzhi_Emperor" title="Hongzhi Emperor">Hongzhi Emperor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Pu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xu Pu was a scholar in the palace, and graduated after the highest <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">Imperial examination</a> as a <i>jinshi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">進士</span></span>), or "chosen scholar", in 1454 AD. He entered the Grand Secretariat as a Minister in 1487 AD. He had a quiet, conservative style, which aimed at compromise and friendly relations with his colleagues. His predecessor was Liu Ji. Xu Pu wanted the Emperor to rein in the power of Li Guang and the <a href="/wiki/Daoists" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoists">Daoists</a>, but failed with his protests. He was received in audience only once during his 12 years as Minister. </p><p>However, in 1497 AD Xu was entrusted with the preparation of the <a href="/wiki/Collected_Statutes_of_the_Ming_Dynasty" title="Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty">Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty</a>, which were published after his death in 1509 AD. </p><p>He was known to be lenient to his subordinates and in private life he was distinguished for filial piety and charity. When he died in 1499 AD Xu left 800 <a href="/wiki/Mu_(unit_of_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu (unit of area)">mu</a> of tax-free land to the poor of his clan and was canonised as Wen Jing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文靖</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Pu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Statutes_of_the_Ming_Dynasty" title="Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty">Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Pu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>古今姓氏族譜 <i>Gujin Xingshi Zupu</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxH0PqdGTVUC"><i>A Chinese Biographical Dictionary</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chinese+Biographical+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxH0PqdGTVUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXu+Pu" class="Z3988"></span>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Giles" title="Herbert Giles">Giles, Herbert</a>, London: Bernard Quaritch / Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh (1898).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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Grand Secretaries of the Ming dynasty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Senior_Grand_Secretaries_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Senior Grand Secretaries of the Ming dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senior_Grand_Secretaries_of_the_Ming_dynasty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Secretariat" title="Grand Secretariat">Senior Grand Secretaries of the Ming dynasty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yongle era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Huai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Huai (page does not exist)">Huang Huai</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Jin_(mandarin)" title="Xie Jin (mandarin)">Xie Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu_Guang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hu Guang (page does not exist)">Hu Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Rong_(mandarin)" title="Yang Rong (mandarin)">Yang Rong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hongxi and Xuande eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shiqi" title="Yang Shiqi">Yang Shiqi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zhengtong era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shiqi" title="Yang Shiqi">Yang Shiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Pu_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Pu (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Yang Pu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Nai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cao Nai (page does not exist)">Cao Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xun (page does not exist)">Chen Xun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jingtai era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xun (page does not exist)">Chen Xun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tianshun era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xun (page does not exist)">Chen Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Gu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Gu (page does not exist)">Gao Gu</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Youzhen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Youzhen (page does not exist)">Xu Youzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Bin_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Bin (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Xu Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Xian_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Xian (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Li Xian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chenghua era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Xian_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Xian (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Li Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Wen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Wen (page does not exist)">Chen Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Xian_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Xian (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Li Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Wen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Wen (page does not exist)">Chen Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Shi_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Shi (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Peng Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shang_Lu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shang Lu (page does not exist)">Shang Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wan_An_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wan An (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Wan An</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Ji_(Grand_Secretary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Ji (Grand Secretary) (page does not exist)">Liu Ji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hongzhi era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Ji_(Grand_Secretary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Ji (Grand Secretary) (page does not exist)">Liu Ji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xu Pu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jian_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jian (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Liu Jian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zhengde era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jian_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jian (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Liu Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Dongyang" title="Li Dongyang">Li Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tinghe" title="Yang Tinghe">Yang Tinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liang_Chu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liang Chu (page does not exist)">Liang Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tinghe" title="Yang Tinghe">Yang Tinghe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jiajing era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tinghe" title="Yang Tinghe">Yang Tinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Mian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Mian (page does not exist)">Jiang Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mao_Ji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mao Ji (page does not exist)">Mao Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fei_Hong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fei Hong (page does not exist)">Fei Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yiqing" title="Yang Yiqing">Yang Yiqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fei_Hong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fei Hong (page does not exist)">Fei Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yiqing" title="Yang Yiqing">Yang Yiqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Fujing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Fujing (page does not exist)">Zhang Cong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhai_Luan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhai Luan (page does not exist)">Zhai Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Fujing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Fujing (page does not exist)">Zhang Fujing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Xianfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Xianfu (page does not exist)">Fang Xianfu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Fujing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Fujing (page does not exist)">Zhang Fujing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shi_(Grand_Secretary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shi (Grand Secretary) (page does not exist)">Li Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu_Dingchen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gu Dingchen (page does not exist)">Gu Dingchen</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhai_Luan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhai Luan (page does not exist)">Zhai Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhai_Luan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhai Luan (page does not exist)">Zhai Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Song" title="Yan Song">Yan Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Song" title="Yan Song">Yan Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jie_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xu Jie (Ming dynasty)">Xu Jie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Longqing era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jie_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xu Jie (Ming dynasty)">Xu Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Chunfang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Chunfang (page does not exist)">Li Chunfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Gong" title="Gao Gong">Gao Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng" title="Zhang Juzheng">Zhang Juzheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wanli era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng" title="Zhang Juzheng">Zhang Juzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Siwei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Siwei (page does not exist)">Zhang Siwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Shixing" title="Shen Shixing">Shen Shixing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Jiaping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Jiaping (page does not exist)">Wang Jiaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Zhigao" title="Zhao Zhigao">Zhao Zhigao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xijue" title="Wang Xijue">Wang Xijue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Zhigao" title="Zhao Zhigao">Zhao Zhigao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Yiguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Yiguan (page does not exist)">Shen Yiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Geng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhu Geng (page does not exist)">Zhu Geng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Tingji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Tingji (page does not exist)">Li Tingji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Xianggao" title="Ye Xianggao">Ye Xianggao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Congzhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Congzhe (page does not exist)">Fang Congzhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taichang era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Congzhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Congzhe (page does not exist)">Fang Congzhe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Yizhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Yizhu (page does not exist)">Liu Yizhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tianqi era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Yizhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Yizhu (page does not exist)">Liu Yizhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Xianggao" title="Ye Xianggao">Ye Xianggao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_Kuang_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Kuang (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Han Kuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Guozhen_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Zhu Guozhen (Ming dynasty)">Zhu Guozhen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu_Bingqian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gu Bingqian (page does not exist)">Gu Bingqian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Liji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Liji (page does not exist)">Huang Liji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Fenglai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Fenglai (page does not exist)">Shi Fenglai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chongzhen era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Fenglai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Fenglai (page does not exist)">Shi Fenglai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Guopu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Guopu (page does not exist)">Li Guopu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_Zongdao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai Zongdao (page does not exist)">Lai Zongdao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Daodeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Daodeng (page does not exist)">Zhou Daodeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_Kuang_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Kuang (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Han Kuang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Biao_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Biao (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Li Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheng_Jiming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheng Jiming (page does not exist)">Cheng Jiming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Tingru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Tingru (page does not exist)">Zhou Tingru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wen_Tiren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wen Tiren (page does not exist)">Wen Tiren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Zhifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Zhifa (page does not exist)">Zhang Zhifa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kong_Zhenyun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kong Zhenyun (page does not exist)">Kong Zhenyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Yuliang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Yuliang (page does not exist)">Liu Yuliang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xue_Guoguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xue Guoguan (page does not exist)">Xue Guoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_Fucui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan Fucui (page does not exist)">Fan Fucui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Sizhi_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Sizhi (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Zhang Sizhi</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Tingru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Tingru (page does not exist)">Zhou Tingru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Yan (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Chen Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Dejing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Dejing (page does not exist)">Jiang Dejing</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_Zaode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei Zaode (page does not exist)">Wei Zaode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Jiantai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Jiantai (page does not exist)">Li Jiantai</a> <small>(acting)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a> regimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Kefa" title="Shi Kefa">Shi Kefa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Hongtu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Hongtu (page does not exist)">Gao Hongtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Shiying" title="Ma Shiying">Ma Shiying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Daozhou" title="Huang Daozhou">Huang Daozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu_Zhenfei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lu Zhenfei (page does not exist)">Lu Zhenfei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ding_Kuichu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ding Kuichu (page does not exist)">Ding Kuichu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Fengnian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Fengnian (page does not exist)">Fang Fengnian</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ke_Xiaqing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ke Xiaqing (page does not exist)">Ke Xiaqing</a> <small>(acting)</small><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Zhichun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Zhichun (page does not exist)">Li Zhichun</a> <small>(acting)</small><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiong_Rulin_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiong Rulin (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Xiong Rulin</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Sili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma Sili (page does not exist)">Ma Sili</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Kentang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Kentang (page does not exist)">Zhang Kentang</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Chenquan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Chenquan (page does not exist)">Shen Chenquan</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu_Shisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qu Shisi (page does not exist)">Qu Shisi</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Bing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Bing (page does not exist)">Wu Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu_Shisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qu Shisi (page does not exist)">Qu Shisi</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Qiheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Qiheng (page does not exist)">Yan Qiheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Shijun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Shijun (page does not exist)">Huang Shijun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Qiheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Qiheng (page does not exist)">Yan Qiheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wen_Anzhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wen Anzhi (page does not exist)">Wen Anzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Zhenyu_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Zhenyu (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Wu Zhenyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ding_Jishan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ding Jishan (page does not exist)">Ding Jishan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Jixiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma Jixiang (page does not exist)">Ma Jixiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Huangyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Huangyan (page does not exist)">Zhang Huangyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><b>a</b></sup>Senior Grand Secretaries of the <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yihai" title="Zhu Yihai">Prince of Lu (魯) regime</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3820677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3820677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3820677#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1046135112">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94043839">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p192169238">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1422091">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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